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Leisch H, Morley K, Lau PCK. Baeyer−Villiger Monooxygenases: More Than Just Green Chemistry. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4165-222. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Leisch
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Krista Morley
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Lau
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Alphand V, Archelas A, Furstoss R. Microbiological Transformations 15. The Enantioselective Microbiological Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Alpha-Substituted Cyclopentanones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429008992050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Alphand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy—70, route Leon Lachamp, case 901, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France
| | - Alain Archelas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy—70, route Leon Lachamp, case 901, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France
| | - Roland Furstoss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy—70, route Leon Lachamp, case 901, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France
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Luna A, Gutiérrez MC, Furstoss R, Alphand V. Microbial Baeyer–Villiger oxidation applied to the synthesis of the N-protected (1R,5R)-Geisman–Waiss lactone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Characterization of a recombinant Escherichia coli TOP10 [pQR239] whole-cell biocatalyst for stereoselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidations. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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van der Werf MJ, Swarts HJ, de Bont JA. Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 contains a novel degradation pathway for limonene. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2092-102. [PMID: 10224006 PMCID: PMC91303 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.5.2092-2102.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain DCL14, which is able to grow on limonene as a sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from a freshwater sediment sample. This organism was identified as a strain of Rhodococcus erythropolis by chemotaxonomic and genetic studies. R. erythropolis DCL14 also assimilated the terpenes limonene-1,2-epoxide, limonene-1,2-diol, carveol, carvone, and (-)-menthol, while perillyl alcohol was not utilized as a carbon and energy source. Induction tests with cells grown on limonene revealed that the oxygen consumption rates with limonene-1,2-epoxide, limonene-1,2-diol, 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and carveol were high. Limonene-induced cells of R. erythropolis DCL14 contained the following four novel enzymatic activities involved in the limonene degradation pathway of this microorganism: a flavin adenine dinucleotide- and NADH-dependent limonene 1, 2-monooxygenase activity, a cofactor-independent limonene-1, 2-epoxide hydrolase activity, a dichlorophenolindophenol-dependent limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity, and an NADPH-dependent 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity. Product accumulation studies showed that (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol, (1S, 4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate were intermediates in the (4R)-limonene degradation pathway. The opposite enantiomers [(1R,2R,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol, (1R, 4S)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and (3S)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate] were found in the (4S)-limonene degradation pathway, while accumulation of (1R,2S,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol from (4S)-limonene was also observed. These results show that R. erythropolis DCL14 metabolizes both enantiomers of limonene via a novel degradation pathway that starts with epoxidation at the 1,2 double bond forming limonene-1,2-epoxide. This epoxide is subsequently converted to limonene-1,2-diol, 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and 7-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone. This lactone spontaneously rearranges to form 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate. In the presence of coenzyme A and ATP this acid is converted further, and this finding, together with the high levels of isocitrate lyase activity in extracts of limonene-grown cells, suggests that further degradation takes place via the beta-oxidation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J van der Werf
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Iwaki H, Shimizu M, Tokuyama T, Hasegawa Y. Biodegradation of cyclohexylamine by Brevibacterium oxydans IH-35A. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2232-4. [PMID: 10224025 PMCID: PMC91322 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.5.2232-2234.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain capable of growing on cyclohexylamine (CHAM) was isolated by using enrichment and isolation techniques. The strain isolated, strain IH-35A, was classified as a member of the genus Brevibacterium. The results of growth and enzyme studies are consistent with degradation of CHAM via cyclohexanone (CHnone), 6-hexanolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoate, and adipate. Cell extracts obtained from this strain grown on CHAM contained CHAM oxidase, and the model for CHAM oxidation by this enzyme was similar to the model for deamino oxidation of amine by amine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iwaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and High Technology Research Center, Kansai University, Suita 564-8680, Japan
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7
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Schneider C, Wein M, Harmsen D, Schreier P. A fatty acid alpha-ketol, a product of the plant lipoxygenase pathway, is oxidized to 3(Z)-dodecendioic acid by a bacterial monooxygenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 232:364-6. [PMID: 9125182 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid alpha-ketol 13-hydroxy-12-oxo-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (methyl ester) was incubated with a bacterial culture isolated from soil. The bacteria (tentatively identified as Ralstonia sp.) exhibited strong monooxygenase activity growing on 2-tridecanone as sole source of carbon. They catalyzed a Baeyer-Villiger type of oxidation and converted the alpha-ketol to 3(Z)-dodecendioic acid. 3(Z)-Dodecendioic acid was isolated from the incubation mixture and identified by comparison with an authentic reference compound. These findings offer both a physiological role for alpha-ketol fatty acids in plant lipid hydroperoxide metabolism and new insights into an alternative biosynthetic pathway leading to traumatic acid (2(E)-dodecendioic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schneider
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Casellas M, Grifoll M, Bayona JM, Solanas AM. New metabolites in the degradation of fluorene by Arthrobacter sp. strain F101. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:819-26. [PMID: 9055403 PMCID: PMC168377 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.3.819-826.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of new metabolites and demonstration of key enzyme activities support and extend the pathways previously reported for fluorene metabolism by Arthrobacter sp. strain F101. Washed-cell suspensions of strain F101 with fluorene accumulated 9-fluorenone, 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone, 3-hydroxy-1-indanone, 1-indanone, 2-indanone, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, and a compound tentatively identified as a formyl indanone. Incubations with 2-indanone produced 3-isochromanone. The growth yield with fluorene as a sole source of carbon and energy corresponded to an assimilation of about 34% of fluorene carbon. About 7.4% was transformed into 9-fluorenol, 9-fluorenone, and 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone. Crude extracts from fluorene-induced cells showed 3,4-dihydrocoumarin hydrolase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities. These results and biodegradation experiments with the identified metabolites indicate that metabolism of fluorene by Arthrobacter sp. strain F101 proceeds through three independent pathways. Two productive routes are initiated by dioxygenation at positions 1,2 and 3,4, respectively. meta cleavage followed by an aldolase reaction and loss of C-1 yield the detected indanones. Subsequent biological Baeyer-Villiger reactions produce the aromatic lactones 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and 3-isochromanone. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the former gives 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, which could be a substrate for a beta oxidation cycle, to give salicylate. Further oxidation of the latter via catechol and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde connects with the central metabolism, allowing the utilization of all fluorene carbons. Identification of 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone is consistent with an alternative pathway initiated by monooxygenation at C-9 to give 9-fluorenol and then 9-fluorenone. Although dioxygenation at 3,4 positions of the ketone apparently occurs, this reaction fails to furnish a subsequent productive oxidation of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casellas
- Departament of Microbiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Alphand V, Furstoss R, Pedragosa-Moreau S, Roberts SM, Willetts AJ. Comparison of microbiologically and enzymatically mediated Baeyer–Villiger oxidations: synthesis of optically active caprolactones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p19960001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Abstract
A defined mixed culture, consisting of an Arthrobacter sp. and a Micrococcus sp. and able to grow with 4-chloroacetophenone as a sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated. 4-Chlorophenyl acetate, 4-chlorophenol, and 4-chlorocatechol were identified as metabolites through comparison of retention times and UV spectra with those of standard substances. The proposed pathway was further confirmed by investigation of enzymes. The roles of the two collaborating strains were studied by growth experiments and on the level of enzymes. If transient accumulation of 4-chlorophenol was avoided either by the use of phenol-absorbing substances or by careful supplement of 4-chloroacetophenone, the Arthrobacter sp. was able to grow as a pure culture with 4-chloroacetophenone as a sole source of carbon and energy. Several mono-, di-, and trichlorinated acetophenones were mineralized by the Arthrobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Havel
- Chemische Mikrobiologie, Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Germany
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11
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Shipston NF, Lenn MJ, Knowles CJ. Enantioselective whole cell and isolated enzyme catalysed Baever-Villiger oxidation of bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one. J Microbiol Methods 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(92)90067-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Alphand V, Archelas A, Furstoss R. Microbial Transformations 16. One-step synthesis of a pivotal prostaglandin chiral synthon via a highly enantioselective microbiological Baeyer-Villiger type reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)80476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Trower MK, Buckland RM, Higgins R, Griffin M. Isolation and Characterization of a Cyclohexane-Metabolizing
Xanthobacter
sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49:1282-9. [PMID: 16346796 PMCID: PMC238543 DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.5.1282-1289.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual
Xanthobacter
sp., capable of independent growth on cyclohexane as the sole source of carbon and energy, has been isolated from soil by using classical enrichment techniques. The mean generation time for growth on cyclohexane was 6 h. The microorganism showed a limited ability to utilize hydrocarbons, with only alicyclic hydrocarbons closely related to cyclohexane supporting growth. Ultrastructural studies indicated the presence of electron-transparent vesicles in the cyclohexane-grown
Xanthobacter
sp., but the presence of complex intracytoplasmic membranes could not be identified. A soluble inducible enzyme capable of oxidizing cyclohexane was identified in cell extracts. This enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5, an absolute specificity for NADPH, and a stoichiometric requirement for molecular O
2
which was consistent with the formation of cyclohexanol. The enzyme showed no activity towards straight chain alkanes and only a limited activity towards unsaturated ring compounds. Enzymatic studies with cell extracts have indicated the main route of metabolism of cyclohexane by this
Xanthobacter
sp. to proceed via cyclohexane → cyclohexanol → cyclohexanone → 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane (ε-caprolactone) → 6-hydroxyhexanoate (6-hydroxycaproate) → → adipic acid. Alternative routes involving initial double hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring may operate fortuituously but are unlikely to represent major pathways for the dissimilation of cyclohexane by this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Trower
- Department of Life Sciences, Trent Polytechnic, Nottingham, Celltech Ltd., Slough SL1 4DY, Berkshire, and ICI Petrochemicals and Plastics Division, Wilton, Cleveland, England
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14
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Ougham HJ, Taylor DG, Trudgill PW. Camphor revisited: involvement of a unique monooxygenase in metabolism of 2-oxo-delta 3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetic acid by Pseudomonas putida. J Bacteriol 1983; 153:140-52. [PMID: 6848481 PMCID: PMC217351 DOI: 10.1128/jb.153.1.140-152.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, Pseudomonas putida was shown to degrade (+)-camphor, and cleavage of the first ring of the bicyclic structure involved two monooxygenases (a hydroxylase and a ring oxygen-inserting enzyme), a dehydrogenase, and spontaneous cleavage of an unstable oxygenation product (lactone). Cleavage of the second ring was not demonstrated but was assumed also to occur by ring oxygen insertion, since the predicted oxygenation product was extracted from whole-cell incubation systems. Our investigation established that metabolism of the first ring cleavage intermediate, 2-oxo-delta 3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetic acid, occurred through the sequential action of two inducible enzymes, a coenzyme A ester synthetase and an oxygenase. The oxygenase was purified to homogeneity and had a molecular weight of 106,000. This enzyme carried a single molecule of flavin adenine dinucleotide and consisted of two identical subunits. Iron was not present at a significant level. The oxygenase was specific for NADPH as the electron donor and absolutely specific for the coenzyme A ester of 2-oxo-delta 3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetic acid as the substrate. The reaction stoichiometry was compatible with this enzyme being a monooxygenase, and a mass spectral analysis of the methyl ester of the product confirmed the insertion of a single oxygen atom. The enzyme appeared to be analogous to, although distinct from. 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase in catalyzing a "biological Baeyer-Villiger" reaction with the formation of a lactone. Structural analogy suggested that this lactone, like the first, was also unstable and susceptible to spontaneous ring opening, although this was not experimentally established.
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15
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Perbellini L, Brugnone F. Lung uptake and metabolism of cyclohexane in shoe factory workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1980; 45:261-9. [PMID: 7390631 DOI: 10.1007/bf00380789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Thirty-three microorganisms capable of growth with cyclohexane carboxylate as the sole source of carbon were isolated from mud, water, and soil samples from the Aberystwyth area. Preliminary screening and whole-cell oxidation studies suggested that, with one exception, all of the strains metabolized the growth substrate by beta-oxidation of the coenzyme A ester. This single distinctive strain, able to oxidize rapidly trans-4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate, 4-ketocyclohexane carboxylate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and protocatechuate when grown with cyclohexane carboxylate, was classified as a strain of Alcaligenes and given the number W1. Enzymes capable of converting cyclohexane carboxylate to p-hydroxybenzoate were induced by growth with the alicyclic acid and included the first unambiguous specimen of a cyclohexane carboxylate hydroxylase. Because it is a very fragile protein, attempts to stabilize the cyclohexane carboxylate hydroxylase so that a purification procedure could be developed have consistently failed. In limited studies with crude cell extracts, we found that hydroxylation occurred at the 4 position, probably yielding the trans isomer of 4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate. Simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation, coupled with an assessment of reactant stoichiometry, showed the enzyme to be a mixed-function oxygenase. Mass spectral analysis enabled the conversion of cyclohexane carboxylate to p-hydroxybenzoate by cell extracts to be established unequivocally, and all of our data were consistent with the pathway: cyclohexane carboxylate --> trans-4-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate --> 4-ketocyclohexane carboxylate --> p-hydroxybenzoate. The further metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoate proceeded by meta fission and by the oxidative branch of the 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconic semialde-hyde-cleaving pathway.
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Perry JJ. Microbial metabolism of cyclic hydrocarbons and related compounds. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY 1977; 5:387-412. [PMID: 334469 DOI: 10.3109/10408417709102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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