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Diesel J, Molano G, Montecinos GJ, DeWeese K, Calhoun S, Kuo A, Lipzen A, Salamov A, Grigoriev IV, Reed DC, Miller RJ, Nuzhdin SV, Alberto F. A scaffolded and annotated reference genome of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:543. [PMID: 37704968 PMCID: PMC10498591 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp), is a brown macroalga of great ecological importance as a primary producer and structure-forming foundational species that provides habitat for hundreds of species. It has many commercial uses (e.g. source of alginate, fertilizer, cosmetics, feedstock). One of the limitations to exploiting giant kelp's economic potential and assisting in giant kelp conservation efforts is a lack of genomic tools like a high quality, contiguous reference genome with accurate gene annotations. Reference genomes attempt to capture the complete genomic sequence of an individual or species, and importantly provide a universal structure for comparison across a multitude of genetic experiments, both within and between species. We assembled the giant kelp genome of a haploid female gametophyte de novo using PacBio reads, then ordered contigs into chromosome level scaffolds using Hi-C. We found the giant kelp genome to be 537 MB, with a total of 35 scaffolds and 188 contigs. The assembly N50 is 13,669,674 with GC content of 50.37%. We assessed the genome completeness using BUSCO, and found giant kelp contained 94% of the BUSCO genes from the stramenopile clade. Annotation of the giant kelp genome revealed 25,919 genes. Additionally, we present genetic variation data based on 48 diploid giant kelp sporophytes from three different Southern California populations that confirms the population structure found in other studies of these populations. This work resulted in a high-quality giant kelp genome that greatly increases the genetic knowledge of this ecologically and economically vital species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Diesel
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary Molano
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel J Montecinos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kelly DeWeese
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Calhoun
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan Kuo
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asaf Salamov
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sergey V Nuzhdin
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Multifidene, a Sex Pheromone of Brown Algae. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The total synthesis of multifidene, a sex pheromone found in brown algae, is described. The synthesis features the highly enantioselective and diastereoselective addition reaction of an aldehyde to a nitroolefin in the presence of a Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst and a Nef reaction initiated by visible light irradiation. These key reactions enabled the 11-step synthesis from commercially available compounds. The synthetic pheromones are examined with gametes.
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Tatsumi M, Mabin CJT, Layton C, Shelamoff V, Cameron MJ, Johnson CR, Wright JT. Density-dependence and seasonal variation in reproductive output and sporophyte production in the kelp, Ecklonia radiata. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:92-104. [PMID: 34612512 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The kelp, Ecklonia radiata, is an abundant subtidal ecosystem engineer in southern Australia. Density-dependent changes in the abiotic environment engineered by Ecklonia may feedback to affect reproduction and subsequent recruitment. Here, we examined: 1) how the reproductive capacity of Ecklonia individuals in the field (zoospores released · mm-2 reproductive tissue) varied with adult density and time, and 2) how the recruitment of microscopic gametophytes and sporophytes was influenced by zoospore density at two times. Zoospore production did not vary with adult density, with only one month out of ten sampled over a 2-y period showing a significant effect of density. However, zoospore production varied hugely over time, being generally highest in mid-autumn and lowest in mid-late summer. There were strong effects of initial zoospore density on gametophyte and sporophyte recruitment with both a minimum and an optimum zoospore density for sporophyte recruitment, but these varied in time. Almost no sporophytes developed when initial zoospore density was <6.5 · mm-2 in spring or <0.5 · mm-2 in winter with optimum densities of 90-355 · mm-2 in spring and 21-261 · mm-2 in winter, which resulted in relatively high recruitment of 4-7 sporophytes · mm-2 . Sporophyte recruitment declined at initial zoospore densities >335 · mm-2 in spring and >261 · mm-2 in winter and was zero at very high zoospore densities. These findings suggest that although adult Ecklonia density does not affect per-capita zoospore production, because there is a minimum zoospore density for sporophyte production, a decline in population-level output could feedback to impact recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tatsumi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Christopher J T Mabin
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Cayne Layton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Victor Shelamoff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Matthew J Cameron
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Craig R Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jeffrey T Wright
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Natural Products of Marine Macroalgae from South Eastern Australia, with Emphasis on the Port Phillip Bay and Heads Regions of Victoria. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030142. [PMID: 32121043 PMCID: PMC7143075 DOI: 10.3390/md18030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae occurring in the south eastern region of Victoria, Australia, consisting of Port Phillip Bay and the heads entering the bay, is the focus of this review. This area is home to approximately 200 different species of macroalgae, representing the three major phyla of the green algae (Chlorophyta), brown algae (Ochrophyta) and the red algae (Rhodophyta), respectively. Over almost 50 years, the species of macroalgae associated and occurring within this area have resulted in the identification of a number of different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, sterols/steroids, phenolic acids, phenols, lipids/polyenes, pheromones, xanthophylls and phloroglucinols. Many of these compounds have subsequently displayed a variety of bioactivities. A systematic description of the compound classes and their associated bioactivities from marine macroalgae found within this region is presented.
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Johansson ML, Alberto F, Reed DC, Raimondi PT, Coelho NC, Young MA, Drake PT, Edwards CA, Cavanaugh K, Assis J, Ladah LB, Bell TW, Coyer JA, Siegel DA, Serrão EA. Seascape drivers of Macrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast Pacific. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4866-85. [PMID: 26339775 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
At small spatial and temporal scales, genetic differentiation is largely controlled by constraints on gene flow, while genetic diversity across a species' distribution is shaped on longer temporal and spatial scales. We assess the hypothesis that oceanographic transport and other seascape features explain different scales of genetic structure of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. We followed a hierarchical approach to perform a microsatellite-based analysis of genetic differentiation in Macrocystis across its distribution in the northeast Pacific. We used seascape genetic approaches to identify large-scale biogeographic population clusters and investigate whether they could be explained by oceanographic transport and other environmental drivers. We then modelled population genetic differentiation within clusters as a function of oceanographic transport and other environmental factors. Five geographic clusters were identified: Alaska/Canada, central California, continental Santa Barbara, California Channel Islands and mainland southern California/Baja California peninsula. The strongest break occurred between central and southern California, with mainland Santa Barbara sites forming a transition zone between the two. Breaks between clusters corresponded approximately to previously identified biogeographic breaks, but were not solely explained by oceanographic transport. An isolation-by-environment (IBE) pattern was observed where the northern and southern Channel Islands clustered together, but not with closer mainland sites, despite the greater distance between them. The strongest environmental association with this IBE pattern was observed with light extinction coefficient, which extends suitable habitat to deeper areas. Within clusters, we found support for previous results showing that oceanographic connectivity plays an important role in the population genetic structure of Macrocystis in the Northern hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias L Johansson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Peter T Raimondi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Nelson C Coelho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Mary A Young
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Patrick T Drake
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Kyle Cavanaugh
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Assis
- Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lydia B Ladah
- Department of Biological Oceanography, CISESE, Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Baja California, México
| | - Tom W Bell
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - James A Coyer
- Shoals Marine Laboratory, Cornell University, Portsmouth, NH, 03801, USA
| | - David A Siegel
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ester A Serrão
- Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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Maier I, Calenberg M. Effect of Extracellular Ca2+and Ca2+-Antagonists on the Movement and Chemoorientation of Male Gametes ofEctocarpus siliculosus(Phaeophyceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jaenicke L. One Hundred and One Years of Chemotaxis. Pfeffer, Pheromones, and Fertilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1988.tb00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Johansson ML, Raimondi PT, Reed DC, Coelho NC, Serrão EA, Alberto FA. Looking into the black box: simulating the role of self-fertilization and mortality in the genetic structure of Macrocystis pyrifera. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4842-54. [PMID: 23962179 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Patterns of spatial genetic structure (SGS), typically estimated by genotyping adults, integrate migration over multiple generations and measure the effective gene flow of populations. SGS results can be compared with direct ecological studies of dispersal or mating system to gain additional insights. When mismatches occur, simulations can be used to illuminate the causes of these mismatches. Here, we report a SGS and simulation-based study of self-fertilization in Macrocystis pyrifera, the giant kelp. We found that SGS is weaker than expected in M. pyrifera and used computer simulations to identify selfing and early mortality rates for which the individual heterozygosity distribution fits that of the observed data. Only one (of three) population showed both elevated kinship in the smallest distance class and a significant negative slope between kinship and geographical distance. All simulations had poor fit to the observed data unless mortality due to inbreeding depression was imposed. This mortality could only be imposed for selfing, as these were the only simulations to show an excess of homozygous individuals relative to the observed data. Thus, the expected data consistently achieved nonsignificant differences from the observed data only under models of selfing with mortality, with best fits between 32% and 42% selfing. Inbreeding depression ranged from 0.70 to 0.73. The results suggest that density-dependent mortality of early life stages is a significant force in structuring Macrocystis populations, with few highly homozygous individuals surviving. The success of these results should help to validate simulation approaches even in data-poor systems, as a means to estimate otherwise difficult-to-measure life cycle parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias L Johansson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
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Alberto F, Raimondi PT, Reed DC, Coelho NC, Leblois R, Whitmer A, Serrão EA. Habitat continuity and geographic distance predict population genetic differentiation in giant kelp. Ecology 2010; 91:49-56. [PMID: 20380195 DOI: 10.1890/09-0050.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Isolation by distance (IBD) models are widely used to predict levels of genetic connectivity as a function of Euclidean distance, and although recent studies have used GIS-landscape ecological approaches to improve the predictability of spatial genetic structure, few if any have addressed the effect of habitat continuity on gene flow. Landscape effects on genetic connectivity are even less understood in marine populations, where habitat mapping is particularly challenging. In this study, we model spatial genetic structure of a habitat-structuring species, the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, using highly variable microsatellite markers. GIS mapping was used to characterize habitat continuity and distance between sampling sites along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel, and their roles as predictors of genetic differentiation were evaluated. Mean dispersal distance (sigma) and effective population size (Ne) were estimated by comparing our IBD slope with those from simulations incorporating habitat continuity and spore dispersal characteristics of the study area. We found an allelic richness of 7-50 alleles/locus, which to our knowledge is the highest reported for macroalgae. The best regression model relating genetic distance to habitat variables included both geographic distance and habitat continuity, which were respectively, positively and negatively related to genetic distance. Our results provide strong support for a dependence of gene flow on both distance and habitat continuity and elucidate the combination of Ne and a that explained genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Alberto
- SCCMAR, CIMAR-Laboratdrio Associado, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Caldwell GS. The influence of bioactive oxylipins from marine diatoms on invertebrate reproduction and development. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:367-400. [PMID: 19841721 PMCID: PMC2763107 DOI: 10.3390/md7030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the main primary producers in aquatic ecosystems and occupy a vital link in the transfer of photosynthetically-fixed carbon through aquatic food webs. Diatoms produce an array of biologically-active metabolites, many of which have been attributed as a form of chemical defence and may offer potential as candidate marine drugs. Of considerable interest are molecules belonging to the oxylipin family which are broadly disruptive to reproductive and developmental processes. The range of reproductive impacts includes; oocyte maturation; sperm motility; fertilization; embryogenesis and larval competence. Much of the observed bioactivity may be ascribed to disruption of intracellular calcium signalling, induction of cytoskeletal instability and promotion of apoptotic pathways. From an ecological perspective, the primary interest in diatom-oxylipins is in relation to the potential impact on energy flow in planktonic systems whereby the reproductive success of copepods (the main grazers of diatoms) is compromised. Much data exists providing evidence for and against diatom reproductive effects; however detailed knowledge of the physiological and molecular processes involved remains poor. This paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge of the mechanistic impacts of diatom-oxylipins on marine invertebrate reproduction and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Caldwell
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK.
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Charrier B, Coelho SM, Le Bail A, Tonon T, Michel G, Potin P, Kloareg B, Boyen C, Peters AF, Cock JM. Development and physiology of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus: two centuries of research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 177:319-332. [PMID: 18181960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae share several important features with land plants, such as their photoautotrophic nature and their cellulose-containing wall, but the two groups are distantly related from an evolutionary point of view. The heterokont phylum, to which the brown algae belong, is a eukaryotic crown group that is phylogenetically distinct not only from the green lineage, but also from the red algae and the opisthokont phylum (fungi and animals). As a result of this independent evolutionary history, the brown algae exhibit many novel features and, moreover, have evolved complex multicellular development independently of the other major groups already mentioned. In 2004, a consortium of laboratories, including the Station Biologique in Roscoff and Genoscope, initiated a project to sequence the genome of Ectocarpus siliculosus, a small filamentous brown alga that is found in temperate, coastal environments throughout the globe. The E. siliculosus genome, which is currently being annotated, is expected to be the first completely characterized genome of a multicellular alga. In this review we look back over two centuries of work on this brown alga and highlight the advances that have led to the choice of E. siliculosus as a genomic and genetic model organism for the brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Charrier
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Aude Le Bail
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Catherine Boyen
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Akira F Peters
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - J Mark Cock
- UMR7139, Station Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre & Marie Curie Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 29 682 Roscoff cedex, France
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Boland W, Mertes K, Jaenicke L, Müller DG, Fölster E. Absolute Configuration of Multifidene and Viridiene, the Sperm Releasing and Attracting Pheromones of Brown Algae. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19830660632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Boland W, Pohnert G, Maier I. Pericyclische Reaktionen in der Natur – Inaktivierung von Algenpheromonen durch spontane Cope-Umlagerung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Boland W. The chemistry of gamete attraction: chemical structures, biosynthesis, and (a)biotic degradation of algal pheromones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:37-43. [PMID: 7816845 PMCID: PMC42813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Female gametes of marine brown algae release and/or attract their conspecific males by chemical signals. The majority of these compounds are unsaturated, nonfunctionalized acyclic, and/or alicyclic C11 hydrocarbons. Threshold concentrations for release and attraction are generally observed in the range of 1-1000 pmol. The blends may contain various configurational isomers of the genuine pheromones as well as mixtures of enantiomers. Higher plants produce the C11 hydrocarbons from dodeca-3,6,9-trienoic acid; brown algae exploit the family of icosanoids for biosynthesis of the same compounds. The biosynthetic routes comprise several spontaneously occurring pericyclic reactions such as [3.3]-sigmatropic rearrangements, [1.7]-hydrogen shifts, and electrocyclic ring closures. All pheromones are (a)biotically degraded by ubiquitous oxidative pathways involving singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals, which may be produced through the agency of heavy metals, huminic acids, or light.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Boland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Stratmann K, Boland W, Müller DG. Biosynthesis of pheromones in female gametes of marine brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Chemotaxis inLaminarin digitata (phaeophyceae) II. Pheromone receptor sensitivity. Naturwissenschaften 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01138576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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20
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Pheromone receptor specificity and threshold concentrations for spermatozoid release in Laminaria digitata. Naturwissenschaften 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00378021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Boland W. Chemische Kommunikation bei der sexuellen Fortpflanzung mariner Braunalgen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/biuz.19870170607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Janssens PM, Van Haastert PJ. Molecular basis of transmembrane signal transduction in Dictyostelium discoideum. Microbiol Rev 1987; 51:396-418. [PMID: 2893972 PMCID: PMC373123 DOI: 10.1128/mr.51.4.396-418.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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M�ller DG, Clayton MN, Gassmann G, Boland W, Marner FJ, Schotten T, Jaenicke L. Cystophorene and hormosirene, sperm attractants in Australian brown algae. Naturwissenschaften 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00508145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boland W, Jaenicke L, Müller DG, Peters A. Differentiation of algal chemoreceptors. A comparative receptor study with two seaweed pairs: Cutleria multifida/Syringoderma phinneyi and Desmarestia aculeata/Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phacophyceae). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 144:169-76. [PMID: 6541129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamete encounter in the reproduction of brown algae is supported by lures produced by the female cells. These signals are low-molecular-mass, volatile, olefinic hydrocarbons. Specific receptors on the motile male gametes recognize the pheromones at threshold concentrations as low as 6.5 pmol/l. The pheromones are possibly bound by dispersion and dipolar interactions. Tight fitting has to compensate for these weak contact forces. This causes strong chiral discrimination (relative affinities to enantiomeric lures 1:100). Structurally related messengers with identical substitution patterns and overall space filling are mutually distinguished in several species by means of altered topologies in their receptor mould. Responses to systematically varied synthetic bis-alkenyl-cyclopentene pheromones showed that the sensors of Syringoderma and Cutleria androgametes consist of a mosaic of attachment sites individually adapted to specific structural elements in the messenger molecule. They may be permutated to afford optimal binding. An alternative strategy: distinct reading of electron density combined with variation of sensitivity, brings about 'fidelity' in signal transmission by the alkylated cycloheptadiene pheromones in two species of Desmarestia and Ectocarpus. Inhibition of chemotaxis by ectocarpene is observed in Ectocarpus males in the presence of desmarestene, the lure of Desmarestia, and related parapheromones. This indicates complex interactions between different species of algae sharing a common habitat, in their defense of living space.
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Boland W, Mertes K. Synthetic routes to trace constituents of algal pheromone bouqets and other information-imitating substances. Helv Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19840670230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Maier I, M�ller DG, Gassmann G, Boland W, Marner FJ, Jaenicke L. Pheromone-triggered gamete release in Chorda tomentosa. Naturwissenschaften 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00365988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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