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Almahayni K, Spiekermann M, Fiore A, Yu G, Pedram K, Möckl L. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycosylation. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100108. [PMID: 36467541 PMCID: PMC9713294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental biopolymers encountered in living systems. Compared to polynucleotide and polypeptide biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis is a uniquely combinatorial process to which interdependent enzymes with seemingly broad specificities contribute. The resulting intracellular cell surface, and secreted glycans play key roles in health and disease, from embryogenesis to cancer progression. The study and modulation of glycans in cell and organismal biology is aided by small molecule inhibitors of the enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this review, we survey the arsenal of currently available inhibitors, focusing on agents which have been independently validated in diverse systems. We highlight the utility of these inhibitors and drawbacks to their use, emphasizing the need for innovation for basic research as well as for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Almahayni
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Spiekermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fiore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA,Corresponding authors.
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding authors.
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2
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Asano N. Alkaloidal sugar mimetics: biological activities and therapeutic applications. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2000; 15:215-34. [PMID: 10811029 DOI: 10.3109/14756360009040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids mimicking the structures of sugars inhibit glycosidases because of a structural resemblance to the sugar moiety of the natural substrate. Glycosidases are involved in a wide range of important biological processes, such as intestinal digestion, post-translational processing of glycoproteins and the lysosomal catabolism of glycoconjugates. The realization that alkaloidal sugar mimics might have enormous therapeutic potential in many diseases such as viral infection, cancer and diabetes led to increasing interest and demand for these compounds. In this review, the structural basis of the specificity of alkaloidal sugar mimics and their current and potential applications to biomedical problems are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Asano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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3
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Flamand M, Megret F, Mathieu M, Lepault J, Rey FA, Deubel V. Dengue virus type 1 nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is secreted from mammalian cells as a soluble hexamer in a glycosylation-dependent fashion. J Virol 1999; 73:6104-10. [PMID: 10364366 PMCID: PMC112675 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.7.6104-6110.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonstructural glycoprotein NS1, specified by dengue virus type 1 (Den-1), is secreted from infected green monkey kidney (Vero) cells in a major soluble form characterized by biochemical and biophysical means as a unique hexameric species. This noncovalently bound oligomer is formed by three dimeric subunits and has a molecular mass of 310 kDa and a Stokes radius of 64.4 A. During protein export, one of the two oligosaccharides of NS1 is processed into an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F-resistant complex-type sugar while the other remains of the polymannose type, protected in the dimeric subunit from the action of maturation enzymes. Complete processing of the complex-type sugar appears to be required for efficient release of soluble NS1 into the culture fluid of infected cells, as suggested by the repressive effects of the N-glycan processing inhibitors swainsonine and deoxymannojyrimicin. These results, together with observations related to the absence of secretion of NS1 from Den-infected insect cells, suggest that maturation and secretion of hexameric NS1 depend on the glycosylation status of the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flamand
- Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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Alkaloid Glycosidase Inhibitors. COMPREHENSIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 1999. [PMCID: PMC7271188 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-091283-7.00098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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5
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Blom AM, Thuveson M, Fries E. Intracellular coupling of bikunin and the heavy chain of rat pre-alpha-inhibitor in COS-1 cells. Biochem J 1997; 328 ( Pt 1):185-91. [PMID: 9359851 PMCID: PMC1218904 DOI: 10.1042/bj3280185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pre-alpha-inhibitor is a serum protein consisting of two polypeptides: bikunin of 16 kDa, which carries an 8 kDa chondroitin sulphate chain, and heavy chain 3 (H3) of 74 kDa. The two polypeptides are linked through an ester bond between an internal N-acetylgalactosamine residue of the chondroitin sulphate chain and the C-terminal aspartic acid residue of H3. Both bikunin and H3 are synthesized by hepatocytes and become linked as they pass through the Golgi complex. H3 is synthesized with both N- and C-terminal extensions which are released during intracellular transport. To be able to analyse the assembly of pre-alpha-inhibitor in detail, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA of rat H3. Upon expression of the protein in COS-1 cells, both propeptides were found to be released. Furthermore, co-expression of H3 and bikunin resulted in the two polypeptides becoming coupled, indicating that cells other than hepatocytes may have the capacity to form chondroitin sulphate-containing links.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Blom
- Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Sweden
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6
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Chapter 5 Biosynthesis 7. How Can N-Linked Glycosylation and Processing Inhibitors be Used to Study Carbohydrate Synthesis and Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205
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8
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Elbein AD. The Use of Glycosylation Inhibitors to Study Glycoconjugate Function. CELL SURFACE AND EXTRACELLULAR GLYCOCONJUGATES 1993. [PMCID: PMC7155559 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-589630-6.50009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Persson R, Schnell CR, Borg LA, Fries E. Accumulation of Golgi-processed secretory proteins in an organelle of high density upon reduction of ATP concentration in rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Shibuya K, Chiba S, Miyagawa K, Kitamura T, Miyazono K, Takaku F. Structural and functional analyses of glycosylation on the distinct molecules of human GM-CSF receptors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 198:659-66. [PMID: 1828762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptors are composed of at least two molecules of 80 and 135 kDa, which were denoted alpha- and beta-chains, respectively [Chiba, S., Shibuya, K., Piao, Y.-F., Tojo, A., Sasaki, N., Matsuki, S., Miyagawa, K., Miyazono, K. & Takaku, F. (1990) Cell Regul. 1, 327-335]. In this paper, we describe an investigation of the biochemical disparity noted between the alpha- and beta-chains of GM-CSF receptors using proteolytic and deglycosidic enzymes, and further demonstrate the potential importance of carbohydrate structures of the GM-CSF receptors using different lectins and glycoprotein synthesis inhibitors. Cross-linked alpha- and beta-chains with 125I-GM-CSF were digested by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and gave a different pattern. Furthermore, the size of the alpha-chain was reduced by 25 kDa by the removal of the N-linked oligosaccharides with peptidase: N-glycosidase F treatment, whereas that of the beta-chain remained unmodified by the enzyme. These results suggest that the alpha-chain of GM-CSF receptors agrees with the recently cloned low-affinity GM-CSF receptor [Gearing, D.P., King, J.A., Gough, N. M. & Nicola, N.A. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 3667-3676] having approximately 30% N-linked oligosaccharides and is biochemically different from the alpha beta-chain. By analyses using lectins, some of the oligosaccharides in the alpha-chain seem to be the complex-type and/or hybrid-type, because wheat germ agglutinin and leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin inhibited both GM-CSF-induced proliferation and GM-CSF binding to its receptors. Further analyses using glycoprotein synthesis inhibitors showed that N-linked processing of the alpha-chain, especially glucose removal by glucosidase I and II (whose activities are inhibited by deoxynojirimycin), appeared to be required for the expression onto the cell surface although the beta-chain expression was little affected by their inhibitors. Thus the beta-chain, probably located near the alpha-chain on the cell surface, was associated with a high-affinity class of GM-CSF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shibuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Steube K, Chaudhuri B, Märki W, Merryweather JP, Heim J. Alpha-factor-leader-directed secretion of recombinant human-insulin-like growth factor I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Precursor formation and processing in the yeast secretory pathway. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 198:651-7. [PMID: 2050146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic gene coding for human-insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) was fused to the leader sequence of yeast prepro-alpha-factor and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter fragment. Recombinant IGFI was found inside yeast cells and secreted into the medium. The secreted IGFI migrated on SDS gels with the same electrophoretic mobility as authentic IGFI, i.e. at about 7.5 kDa. HPLC analysis of secreted IGFI revealed the presence of the correctly folded, genuine molecule as well as an isomeric byproduct of equal molecular mass but with two of the three disulfide bonds interchanged. Inside exponentially growing cells the 7.5-kDa IGFI was also found, along with up to four additional IGFI-related polypeptides of higher molecular mass. By endoglycosidase F treatment the three polypeptides between 19-26 kDa were converted to a single peptide of 17 kDa. Since this peptide also reacted with an anti-alpha-factor antibody, it represents most likely the unglycosylated alpha-factor--IGFI fusion precursor. Pulse-chase experiments established the precursor nature of the intracellular higher-molecular-mass IGFI species. Conversion of the primary translation product to the differently glycosylated IGFI precursor proteins and into the mature form occurred very rapidly, within 2 min. Rapid maturation was, however, not followed by an equally rapid secretion of the mature form into the medium: only after 30-40 min did IGFI appear outside the cells. We therefore postulate the presence of an as yet undefined Golgi or post-Golgi bottleneck representing a major obstacle in secretion of recombinant IGFI from S. cerevisiae cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steube
- Biotechnology Department Ciba, Geigy Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Gross V, Andus T, Castell J, Vom Berg D, Heinrich PC, Gerok W. O- and N-glycosylation lead to different molecular mass forms of human monocyte interleukin-6. FEBS Lett 1989; 247:323-6. [PMID: 2523818 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and secretion of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) was studied in monocyte cultures stimulated with endotoxin. After labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation with a specific antiserum one major (24 kDa) and four minor (27.5, 23.3, 22.5 and 21.8 kDa) molecular mass forms of IL-6 could be found in the cells and media. Incubation of monocyte media with sialidase and subsequently with endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, which cleaves Gal(beta 1-3)Gal-NAc from serine or threonine, led to the formation of only two forms of IL-6 with apparent molecular masses of 25 and 21.8 kDa. The latter had an electrophoretic mobility indistinguishable from that of 125I-labeled recombinant human IL-6. The results suggest that human monocyte IL-6 carries O-glycosidically bound carbohydrates with a Gal(beta 1-3)Gal-NAc core to which only sialic acid is bound. Differences in O-glycosylation are the major cause for the molecular heterogeneity of IL-6. A small part of IL-6 (27.5 kDa form) is in addition N-glycosylated. Incubation of monocytes with tunicamycin and 1-deoxymynnojirimycin and treatment of IL-6 with endoglucosaminidase H suggested that the 27.5 kDa form of IL-6 carries at least one N-linked complex-type oligosaccharide chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gross
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Freiburg, FRG
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McDowell W, Schwarz RT. Dissecting glycoprotein biosynthesis by the use of specific inhibitors. Biochimie 1988; 70:1535-49. [PMID: 3149521 PMCID: PMC7126144 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(88)90290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/1988] [Accepted: 05/30/1988] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is possible to interfere with different steps in the dolichol pathway of protein glycosylation and in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Thus some clues about the role of protein-bound carbohydrate can be obtained by comparing the biochemical fates and functions of glycosylated proteins with their non-glycosylated counterparts, or with proteins exhibiting differences in the type of oligosaccharide side chains. Cells infected with enveloped viruses are good systems for studying both aspects of protein glycosylation, since they contain a limited number of different glycoproteins, often with well-defined functions. Tunicamycin, an antibiotic, as well as several sugar analogues have been found to act as inhibitors of protein glycosylation by virtue of their anti-viral properties. They interfere with various steps in the dolichol pathway resulting in a lack of functional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursors. Compounds that interfere with oligosaccharide trimming represent a second generation of inhibitors of glycosylation. They are glycosidase inhibitors that interfere with the processing glucosidases and mannosidases and, as a result, the conversion of high-mannose into complex-type oligosaccharides is blocked. Depending upon the compound used, glycoproteins contain glucosylated-high-mannose, high-mannose or hybrid oligosaccharide structures instead of complex ones. The biological consequences of the alterations caused by the inhibitors are manifold: increased susceptibility to proteases, improper protein processing and misfolding of polypeptide chains, loss of biological activity and alteration of the site of virus-budding, to name but a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- W McDowell
- Institut für Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität-Glessen, F.R.G
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14
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Tris inhibits both proteolytic and oligosaccharide processing occurring in the Golgi complex in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Mori K, Kawasaki T, Yamashina I. Isolation and characterization of endogenous ligands for liver mannan-binding protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 1988; 264:647-56. [PMID: 2456742 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous ligands for the hepatic lectin which is specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine (mannan-binding protein, MBP) were isolated from rat liver rough microsomes and primary cultured hepatocytes by affinity chromatography on an immobilized MBP column. Western blotting using specific antisera revealed that serum glycoproteins, alpha 1-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and a lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase were the major constituents of the endogenous ligands. These endogenous ligands consisted of high mannose-type oligosaccharides of Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2, and had rapid turnover rates with an average half-life of 45 min, indicating that they were mainly composed of biosynthetic intermediates of glycoproteins. In view of the identification of the endogenous ligands as the biosynthetic intermediates of glycoproteins, the possible functions of the intracellular lectin are discussed in relation to the intracellular transport of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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16
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Fabbrini MS, Zoppè M, Bollini R, Vitale A. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits Golgi-mediated processing of glycoprotein in Xenopus oocytes. FEBS Lett 1988; 234:489-92. [PMID: 2968924 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We prepared in vitro an mRNA transcript coding for the erythroagglutinating subunit of the kidney bean glycoprotein phytohemagglutinin, E-PHA. The mRNA, injected into Xenopus oocytes, synthesized E-PHA carrying two Asn-linked carbohydrate chains, one of which was processed and acquired resistance to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, as occurs in the native bean cells. When the mannose analog 1-deoxymannojirimycin, an inhibitor of mammalian Golgi mannosidase I, was included in the oocyte culture medium, the acquisition of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H resistance was abolished, indicating that also in an amphibian cell the inhibitor blocks a key reaction in Golgi-mediated processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fabbrini
- Istituto Biosintesi Vegetali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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17
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Andus T, Geiger T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Tran-Thi TA, Decker K, Heinrich PC. Regulation of synthesis and secretion of major rat acute-phase proteins by recombinant human interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IL-6) in hepatocyte primary cultures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 173:287-93. [PMID: 2452086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the three major acute-phase proteins alpha 2-macroglobulin, cysteine proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-antitrypsin by recombinant human interleukin-1 beta, recombinant human interleukin-6 and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha was studied in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. Synthesis and secretion of the acute-phase proteins was measured after labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation. Incubation of hepatocytes with interleukin-6 led to dose-dependent and time-dependent changes in the synthesis of the three major acute-phase proteins and albumin, similar to those occurring in vivo during experimental inflammation. alpha 2-Macroglobulin and cysteine proteinase inhibitor synthesis was induced 54-fold and 8-fold, respectively, 24 h after the addition of 100 units/ml interleukin-6. At the same time synthesis of the negative acute-phase protein albumin was reduced to 30% of controls. Half-maximal effects were achieved with 4 units interleukin-6/ml. Interleukin-1 beta had only a partial effect on the regulation of the four patients studied: only a twofold stimulation of alpha 2-macroglobulin and a 60% reduction of albumin synthesis were observed. Tumor necrosis factor alpha did not alter the synthesis of acute-phase proteins. The stimulation of alpha 2-macroglobulin and cysteine proteinase inhibitor synthesis by interleukin-6 was inhibited by interleukin-1 beta in a dose-dependent manner. In pulse-chase experiments the effect of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha on the secretion of acute-phase proteins was examined. Interleukin-6 markedly accelerated the secretion of total proteins and alpha 2-macroglobulin, whereas the secretion of cysteine proteinase inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin and albumin was not affected. The inhibition of N-glycosylation by tunicamycin abolished the effect of interleukin-6 on the secretion of alpha 2-macroglobulin, indicating a possible role of interleukin-6 on N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Andus
- Biochemisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Datema R, Olofsson S, Romero PA. Inhibitors of protein glycosylation and glycoprotein processing in viral systems. Pharmacol Ther 1987; 33:221-86. [PMID: 3310033 PMCID: PMC7125576 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(87)90066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Datema
- Department of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Astra Alab AB, Södertälje, Sweden
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21
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Steube K, Gross V, Häussinger D, Tran-Thi TA, Decker K, Gerok W, Heinrich PC. Clearance of acute-phase plasma proteins with no, high-mannose-, hybrid-, or complex type oligosaccharide side chains by the isolated perfused rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 141:949-55. [PMID: 2434086 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of the rat acute-phase proteins alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein with no, high-mannose, hybrid or complex type oligosaccharide side chains was determined in the isolated perfused rat liver. The differently glycosylated forms of the three proteins were obtained from rat hepatocyte primary cultures treated with different inhibitors of glycosylation. The complex type forms of the three proteins were essentially not cleared by the liver during 2 h of perfusion. Unglycosylated alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein decreased in the perfusate by about 50% after 2 h; unglycosylated alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was not taken up by the liver. The high-mannose type forms of the three proteins were nearly totally cleared. After 2 h of perfusion 10%, 45% and 30% of the hybrid type forms of alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, respectively, were cleared. The clearance rates of high-mannose and of hybrid type glycoproteins could be reduced to the rates of complex type glycoproteins by the addition of mannan to the perfusate. It is concluded that complex type glycosylation prevents the uptake of plasma glycoproteins by the liver.
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Gross V, Tran-Thi TA, Schwarz RT, Elbein AD, Decker K, Heinrich PC. Different effects of the glucosidase inhibitors 1-deoxynojirimycin, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin and castanospermine on the glycosylation of rat alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Biochem J 1986; 236:853-60. [PMID: 2947571 PMCID: PMC1146919 DOI: 10.1042/bj2360853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The glucosidase inhibitors 1-deoxynojirimycin, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin and castanospermine were used to inhibit oligosaccharide processing in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Their effect on the glycosylation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AGP) was studied. Of the three glucosidase inhibitors examined, 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibited not only oligosaccharide trimming but also glycosylation de novo of newly synthesized proteins, resulting in the formation of alpha 1PI with two and three (normally carrying three) and alpha 1AGP with two to five (normally carrying six) oligosaccharide side chains. In the presence of the glucosidase inhibitors, glucosylated high-mannose-type oligosaccharides accumulated. Whereas most of the endoglucosaminidase-H-sensitive oligosaccharides formed in the presence of 1-deoxynojirimycin contained only one glucose residue, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin and castanospermine led mainly to the formation of oligosaccharides with three glucose residues. None of the three glucosidase inhibitors completely prevented the formation of complex-type oligosaccharides. Thus, in their presence, alpha 1PI and alpha 1AGP with a mixture of both high-mannose and complex-type oligosaccharides were secreted.
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Szumilo T, Kaushal GP, Elbein AD. Purification and properties of glucosidase I from mung bean seedlings. Arch Biochem Biophys 1986; 247:261-71. [PMID: 3521492 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(86)90583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The microsomal enzyme fraction from mung bean seedlings was found to contain glucosidase activity capable of releasing [3H]glucose from the glucose-labeled Glc3Man9GlcNAc. The enzymatic activity could be released in a soluble form by treating the microsomal particles with 1.5% Triton X-100. When the solubilized enzyme fraction was chromatographed on DE-52, it was possible to resolve glucosidase I activity (measured by the release of [3H]glucose from Glc3Man9GlcNAc) from glucosidase II (measured by release of [3H]glucose from Glc2Man9GlcNAc). The glucosidase I was purified about 200-fold by chromatography on hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, dextran-Sepharose, and concanavalin A-Sepharose. The purified enzyme was free of glucosidase II and aryl-glucosidase activities. Only a single glucose residue could be released from the Glc3Man9GlcNAc by this purified enzyme and the other product was the Glc2Man9GlcNAc. Furthermore, this enzyme was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by kojibiose, an alpha-1,2-linked glucose disaccharide, but not by other alpha-linked glucose disaccharides. These data indicate that this glucosidase is a specific alpha-1,2-glucosidase. The pH optimum for the glucosidase I was about 6.3 to 6.5, and no requirements for divalent cations were observed. The enzyme was inhibited strongly by the glucosidase processing inhibitors, castanospermine and deoxynojirimycin, and less strongly by the plant pyrrolidine alkaloid, 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine. However, the enzyme was not inhibited by the mannosidase processing inhibitors, swainsonine, deoxymannojirimycin or 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-mannitol. The stability of the enzyme under various conditions and other properties of the enzyme were determined.
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Bischoff J, Liscum L, Kornfeld R. The use of 1-deoxymannojirimycin to evaluate the role of various alpha-mannosidases in oligosaccharide processing in intact cells. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Docherty PA, Kuranda MJ, Aronson NN, BeMiller JN, Myers RW, Bohn JA. Effect of alpha-D-mannopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene on hepatic degradation and processing of the N-linked oligosaccharide chains of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Different susceptibilities of complex-, hybrid- and high-mannose-type ?1- inhibitor and ?1-acid glycoprotein to endo-?-N-acetylglucosaminidase F and peptide:N-glycosidase F. Glycoconj J 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01051775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Steube K, Gross V, Heinrich PC. Deglycosylation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F. Biochemistry 1985; 24:5587-92. [PMID: 3935164 DOI: 10.1021/bi00341a045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycosidase endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (endo F) from Flavobacterium meningosepticum was used for the deglycosylation of rat alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI). alpha 1 PI containing three oligosaccharide side chains of the complex type was isolated from rat serum or from the medium of rat hepatocyte primary cultures. High-mannose-type alpha 1 PI or hybrid-type alpha 1 PI was isolated from the media of hepatocytes treated with 1-deoxymannojirimycin or swainsonine, respectively. The susceptibility of complex-type alpha 1 PI to endo F was studied in the presence of various detergents. 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate and octyl glucopyranoside turned out to be most effective. In the absence of detergents, digestion of alpha 1 PI with high concentrations of endo F and/or long times of incubation led to the formation of alpha 1 PI with one and two oligosaccharide side chains. In the presence of 0.5% octyl glucopyranoside, the major cleavage products were unglycosylated alpha 1 PI and alpha 1 PI carrying one carbohydrate side chain. In contrast to the complex-type alpha 1 PI, the high-mannose type can be totally deglycosylated by endo F even in the absence of detergents. The susceptibility of the hybrid-type alpha 1 PI to endo F is between that of the complex and the high-mannose types.
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