1
|
Nägele T. Metabolic regulation of subcellular sucrose cleavage inferred from quantitative analysis of metabolic functions. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e10. [PMID: 37077978 PMCID: PMC10095975 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of experimental metabolic data is frequently challenged by non-intuitive, complex patterns which emerge from regulatory networks. The complex output of metabolic regulation can be summarised by metabolic functions which comprise information about dynamics of metabolite concentrations. In a system of ordinary differential equations, metabolic functions reflect the sum of biochemical reactions which affect a metabolite concentration, and their integration over time reveals metabolite concentrations. Further, derivatives of metabolic functions provide essential information about system dynamics and elasticities. Here, invertase-driven sucrose hydrolysis was simulated in kinetic models on a cellular and subcellular level. Both Jacobian and Hessian matrices of metabolic functions were derived for quantitative analysis of kinetic regulation of sucrose metabolism. Model simulations suggest that transport of sucrose into the vacuole represents a central regulatory element in plant metabolism during cold acclimation which preserves control of metabolic functions and limits feedback-inhibition of cytosolic invertases by elevated hexose concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nägele
- Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Author for correspondence: T. Nägele, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ueno K, Sonoda T, Yoshida M, Shiomi N, Onodera S. Purification, characterization, and functional analysis of a novel 6G&1-FEH mainly hydrolyzing neokestose from asparagus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4295-4308. [PMID: 29931209 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) accumulates inulin- and inulin neoseries-type fructans. Fructose released by the hydrolysis of fructans is an energy source for emerging asparagus spears. Plant fructans are hydrolyzed by fructan exohydrolases (FEHs), whose presence in asparagus has not yet been fully characterized. Here, we describe for the first time the purification and characterization of an FEH from asparagus, and the functional analysis of its gene. The purified enzyme was predicted to exist as a dimer (approximately 130 kDa) consisting of two polypeptides with a molecular mass of approximately 68 kDa. N-terminal sequences of the purified enzyme were matched with the amino acid sequences of aoeh4a and aoeh4b cDNAs isolated from asparagus (cv. Gijnlim and Taihouwase). Native enzymes obtained from asparagus roots and recombinant enzymes produced by Pichia pastoris showed fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) activity via the hydrolysis of inulin-type fructan. Unlike other 1-FEHs, these enzymes showed minimal hydrolysis of 1-kestose but efficiently hydrolyzed neokestose. Therefore, the enzyme was termed 6G&1-FEH. Gene expression studies in asparagus roots showed that aoeh4 increased during root storage at 2 °C and spear harvesting. These findings suggest that 6G&1-FEH may be involved in fructan hydrolysis in asparagus roots to provide an energy source for emerging asparagus spears.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Ueno
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sonoda
- Department of Sustainable Agricultures, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norio Shiomi
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onodera
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li R, Wang Y, Ling J, Liao X. Effects of high pressure processing on activity and structure of soluble acid invertase in mango pulp, crude extract, purified form and model systems. Food Chem 2017; 231:96-104. [PMID: 28450028 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of high pressure processing (HPP) on the activity of soluble acid invertase (SAI) in mango pulp, crude extract, purified SAI and purified SAI in model systems (pectin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), sugars and pH 3-7) were investigated. The activity of SAI in mango pulp was increased after HPP, and that in crude extract stayed unchanged. The activity of purified SAI was decreased after HPP at 45 and 50°C. Pectin exhibited a concentration-dependent protection for purified SAI against HPP at 50°C/600MPa for 30min. Pectin that had an esterification degree (DE) of 85% exhibited a greater protection than pectin that had a DE of 20-34%. BSA, acidic pH (3-6) and sucrose also exhibited protection for purified SAI against HPP. HPP at 50°C/600MPa for 30min disrupted the secondary structure and tertiary structure of purified SAI, but no aggregation of purified SAI was observed after HPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiangang Ling
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li R, Li J, Liao X, Wang Y. Purification and characterisation of soluble acid invertase from mango fruits. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hossain MM, Pervin F, Absar N. Purification, Characterization and N-terminal Sequence Analysis of Betel Leaf (Piper betle) Invertase. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Rae AL, Casu RE, Perroux JM, Jackson MA, Grof CPL. A soluble acid invertase is directed to the vacuole by a signal anchor mechanism. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:983-9. [PMID: 21156329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme activities in the vacuole have an important impact on the net concentration of sucrose. In sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid), immunolabelling demonstrated that a soluble acid invertase (β-fructofuranosidase; EC 3.2.1.26) is present in the vacuole of storage parenchyma cells during sucrose accumulation. Examination of sequences from sugarcane, barley and rice showed that the N-terminus of the invertase sequence contains a signal anchor and a tyrosine motif, characteristic of single-pass membrane proteins destined for lysosomal compartments. The N-terminal peptide from the barley invertase was shown to be capable of directing the green fluorescent protein to the vacuole in sugarcane cells. The results suggest that soluble acid invertase is sorted to the vacuole in a membrane-bound form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Rae
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim D, Park SY, Chung Y, Park J, Lee S, Lee TK. Biochemical characterization of soluble acid and alkaline invertases from shoots of etiolated pea seedlings. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:536-48. [PMID: 20590984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Soluble invertase was purified from pea (Pisum sativum L.) by sequential procedures entailing ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose column, Con-A- and Green 19-Sepharose affinity columns, hydroxyapatite column, ultra-filtration, and Sephacryl 300 gel filtration. The purified soluble acid (SAC) and alkaline (SALK) invertases had a pH optimum of 5.3 and 7.3, respectively. The temperature optimum of two invertases was 37 degrees C. The effects of various concentrations of Tris-HCl, HgCl(2), and CuSO(4) on the activities of the two purified enzymes were examined. Tris-HCl and HgCl(2) did not affect SAC activity, whereas 10 mM Tris-HCl and 0.05 mM HgCl(2) inhibited SALK activity by about 50%. SAC and SALK were inhibited by 4.8 mM and 0.6 mM CuSO(4) by 50%, respectively. The enzymes display typical hyperbolic saturation kinetics for sucrose hydrolysis. The Kms of SAC and SALK were determined to be 1.8 and 38.6 mM, respectively. The molecular masses of SAC shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting were 22 kDa and 45 kDa. The molecular mass of SALK was 30 kDa. Iso-electric points of the SAC and SALK were estimated to be about pH 7.0 and pH 5.7, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donggiun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan, 617-736, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obroucheva NV, Lityagina SV. Acid vacuolar invertase in dormant and germinating seeds of the horse chestnut. Russ J Dev Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360409060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Reca IB, Brutus A, D'Avino R, Villard C, Bellincampi D, Giardina T. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a novel apoplastic invertase inhibitor from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its use to purify a vacuolar invertase. Biochimie 2008; 90:1611-23. [PMID: 18573306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein inhibitors are molecules secreted by many plants. In a functional genomics approach, an invertase inhibitor (SolyCIF) of Solanum lycopersicum was identified at the Solanaceae Cornell University data bank (www.sgn.cornell.edu). It was established that this inhibitor is expressed mainly in the leaves, flowers and green fruit of the plant and localized in the cell wall compartment. The SolyCIF cDNA was cloned by performing RT-PCR, fully sequenced and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33. The purified recombinant protein obtained by performing ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration was further biochemically characterized and used to perform affinity chromatography. The latter step made it possible to purify natural vacuolar invertase (TIV-1), which showed high rates of catalytic activity (438.3 U mg(-1)) and efficiently degraded saccharose (K(m)=6.4mM, V(max)=2.9 micromol saccharosemin(-1) and k(c)(at)=7.25 x 10(3)s(-1) at pH 4.9 and 37 degrees C). The invertase activity was strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by SolyCIF produced in P. pastoris. In addition, Gel-SDS-PAGE analysis strongly suggests that TIV-1 was proteolyzed in planta and it was established that the fragments produced have to be tightly associated for its enzymatic activity to occur. We further investigated the location of the proteolytic sites by performing NH(2)-terminal Edman degradation on the fragments. The molecular model for TIV-1 shows that the fragmentation splits the catalytic site of the enzyme into two halves, which confirms that the enzymatic activity is possible only when the fragments are tightly associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Barbara Reca
- ISM2/BiosCiences UMR CNRS 6263, Université Aix Marseille III/CNRS, Ingénierie et Mécanismes d'Action des Glycosidases, Université Paul Cézanne, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Canam T, Unda F, Mansfield SD. Heterologous expression and functional characterization of two hybrid poplar cell-wall invertases. PLANTA 2008; 228:1011-1019. [PMID: 18704491 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The expression of two hybrid poplar cell-wall invertases (EC 3.2.1.26; PaxgINV1 and PaxgINV2) were previously shown to be spatially and temporally regulated in the vegetative tissues. The expression of PaxgINV1 was linked to processes relating to dormancy, while PaxgINV2 expression was prominent in tissues undergoing growth and expansion. In an effort to further elucidate the physiological roles of these key cell wall enzymes, PaxgINV1 and PaxgINV2 were heterologously expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Three-dimensional predictive models of the poplar invertases revealed a structural channel containing both the conserved beta-fructofuranosidase and cell-wall invertase motifs, suggesting that this channel is the putative active site of these enzymes. Recombinant PaxgINV1 and PaxgINV2 had pH optima of 4.8 and 5.6 and temperature optima of 45 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Functional characterization revealed the ability for both enzymes to hydrolyze the fructose residue of sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, with PaxgINV2 having higher specific activity for each of the substrates tested. The K(m) values of sucrose/raffinose/stachyose were 1.7/1.8/5.0 mM for PaxgINV1 and 1.6/1.7/1.9 mM for PaxgINV2, respectively. Activity analyses in the presence of various metal cations showed that PaxgINV2 was strongly inhibited by Cu(2+), Zn(2+) and Hg(2+), while PaxgINV1 was only weakly inhibited by these cations. The results from this study, coupled with previous expression data, suggest that PaxgINV1 and PaxgINV2 have distinct roles with respect to the physiology and development of hybrid poplar, specifically phloem unloading and processes related to dormancy and bud break.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Canam
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu X, Wang X, Zhang W, Qian T, Tang G, Guo Y, Zheng C. Antisense suppression of an acid invertase gene (MAI1) in muskmelon alters plant growth and fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:2969-77. [PMID: 18641398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To unravel the roles of soluble acid invertase in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), its activity in transgenic muskmelon plants was reduced by an antisense approach. For this purpose, a 1038 bp cDNA fragment of muskmelon soluble acid invertase was expressed in antisense orientation behind the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus. The phenotype of the antisense plants clearly differed from that of control plants. The transgenic plant leaves were markedly smaller, and the stems were obviously thinner. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that degradation of the chloroplast membrane occurred in transgenic leaves and the number of grana in the chloroplast was significantly reduced, suggesting that the slow growth and weaker phenotype of the transgenic plants may be due to damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure, which in turn resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate. The sucrose concentration increased and levels of acid invertase decreased in transgenic fruit, and the fruit size was 60% smaller than that of the control. In addition, transgenic fruit reached full-slip at 25 d after pollination (DAP), approximately 5 d before the control fruit (full-slip at 30 DAP), and this accelerated maturity correlated with a dramatic elevation of ethylene production at the later stages of fruit development. Together, these results suggest that soluble acid invertase not only plays an important role during muskmelon plant and fruit development but also controls the sucrose content in muskmelon fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Yu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu CC, Huang LC, Chang CT, Sung HY. Purification and characterization of soluble invertases from suspension-cultured bamboo (Bambusa edulis) cells. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Fujishima M, Sakai H, Ueno K, Takahashi N, Onodera S, Benkeblia N, Shiomi N. Purification and characterization of a fructosyltransferase from onion bulbs and its key role in the synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides in vivo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2005; 165:513-524. [PMID: 15720662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A fructosyltransferase that transfers the terminal (2 --> 1)-beta-linked D-fructosyl group of fructo-oligosaccharides (1(F)(1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl)(n) sucrose, n >/= 1) to HO-6 of the glucosyl residue and HO-1 of the fructosyl residue of similar saccharides (1(F)(1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl)(m) sucrose, m >/= 0) has been purified from an extract of the bulbs of onion (Allium cepa). Successive column chromatography using DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Toyopearl HW65, Toyopearl HW55, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B (2nd time), Sephadex G-100, Concanavalin A Sepharose, and Toyopearl HW-65 (2nd time) were applied for protein purification. The general properties of the enzyme, were as follows: molecular masses of 66 kDa (gel filtration chromatography), and of 52 kDa and 25 kDa (SDS-PAGE); optimum pH of c. 5.68, stable at 20-40 degrees C for 15 min; stable in a range of pH 5.30-6.31 at 30 degrees C for 30 min, inhibited by Hg(2+), Ag(+), p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (p-CMB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), activated by sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100 and Tween-80. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus moiety of the 52-kDa polypeptide was ADNEFPWTNDMLAWQRCGFHFRTVRNYMNDPSGPMYYKGWYHLFYQHNKDFAYXG and the amino acid sequence from the N-terminus of the 25-kDa polypeptide was ADVGYXCSTSGGAATRGTLGPFGLL VLANQDLTENTATYFYVSKGTDGALRTHFCQDET. The enzyme tentatively classified as fructan: fructan 6(G)-fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT). The enzyme is proposed to play an important role in the synthesis of inulin and inulinneo-series fructo-oligosaccharides in onion bulbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fujishima
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Graduate School of Dairy Science Research, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai, Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Isono N, Tochihara T, Kusnadi Y, Win TT, Watanabe K, Obae K, Ito H, Matsui H. Cloning and heterologous expression of a β-fructofuranosidase gene from Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 3062, and site-directed mutagenesis of the essential aspartic acid and glutamic acid of the active site. J Biosci Bioeng 2004; 97:244-9. [PMID: 16233623 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned the gene encoding a beta-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 3062, and subsequently, the gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. This beta-fructofuranosidase gene encodes a protein of 548 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 60,519 Da. We have examined the roles of three residues of A. globiformis IFO 3062 beta-fructofuranosidase by site-directed mutagenesis, and found that aspartic acid 130 and glutamic acid 392, which are two of the apparent catalytic residues, are essential for hydrolase activity. This study provides the first experimental evidence showing that these two amino acid residues of beta-fructofuranosidase play a critical role in hydrolyzing sucrose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Isono
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hashizume H, Tanase K, Shiratake K, Mori H, Yamaki S. Purification and characterization of two soluble acid invertase isozymes from Japanese pear fruit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 63:125-129. [PMID: 12711132 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two isozymes (AIV I and AIV II) of soluble acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) were purified from Japanese pear fruit through procedures including (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitating, DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography, Concanavalin A (ConA)-Sepharose affinity chromatography, hydroxyapatite column chromatography and Mono Q HR 5/5 column chromatography. The specific activities of purified AIV I and AIV II were 2670 and 2340 (nkat/mg protein), respectively. AIV I was a monomeric enzyme of 80 kDa, while AIV II may be also a monomeric enzyme, which is easy to be cleaved to 52 kDa and 34 kDa polypeptide during preparation by SDS-PAGE. The Km values for sucrose of AIV I and AIV II were 3.33 and 4.58 mM, respectively, and optimum pH of both enzyme activities was pH 4.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hashizume
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang WC, Wang AY, Wang LT, Sung HY. Expression and characterization of sweet potato invertase in Pichia pastoris. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:1494-1499. [PMID: 12590504 DOI: 10.1021/jf026032i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An invertase cDNA (Ibbetafruct1) was cloned from sweet potato leaves and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Ibbetafruct1-encoded protein was closely related to vacuolar invertases and included the WECVD catalytic domain characteristic of them. An expression plasmid containing the coding region of Ibbetafruct1 under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter was used to transform the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The biochemical properties for the expressed recombinant enzyme, which was determined to be the acid beta-fructofuranosidase with an acidic pI value (5.1), were similar to those of vacuolar invertases purified from sweet potato. Periodic acid/Schiff staining and Con A-Sepharose gel-binding experiments revealed the recombinant invertase to be a glycoprotein containing glucose and/or mannose residues. Furthermore, the carbohydrate moiety appears to be a key determinant of the enzyme's sucrose hydrolysis activity, substrate affinity, and thermal stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim JY, Mahé A, Brangeon J, Prioul JL. A maize vacuolar invertase, IVR2, is induced by water stress. Organ/tissue specificity and diurnal modulation of expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 124:71-84. [PMID: 10982423 PMCID: PMC59123 DOI: 10.1104/pp.124.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2000] [Accepted: 05/02/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The expression of invertases was analyzed in vegetative organs of well-watered and water-stressed maize (Zea mays) plants. Early changes in sucrose metabolism and in acid soluble invertase expression were observed in vegetative sink and source organs under mild water stress. The organ-specific induction of acid invertase activity was correlated with an increase in the Ivr2 gene transcripts and in the vacuolar invertase proteins. In addition diurnal changes in activity and Ivr2 transcripts for vacuolar invertase were noted in shoots. Hexoses (glucose and fructose) accumulated in all organs examined from water-stressed plants. In situ localization studies showed that glucose accumulation, vacuolar invertase activity, invertase protein, and the Ivr2 transcripts colocalized specifically in bundle sheath and vascular tissue cells of mature stressed leaf; in primary roots the stress-induced increase of Ivr2 transcripts was detected only in root tips. Based on these results different regulatory roles are proposed in sink and source organs for the stress induced Ivr2 vacuolar invertase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Bât 630, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
20
|
Goetz M, Roitsch T. The different pH optima and substrate specificities of extracellular and vacuolar invertases from plants are determined by a single amino-acid substitution. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 20:707-11. [PMID: 10652142 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Different plant invertase isoenzymes are characterized by a single amino-acid difference in a conserved sequence, the WEC-P/V-D box. A proline residue is present in this sequence motif of extracellular invertase sequences, whereas a valine is found at the same position of vacuolar invertase sequences. The role of this distinct difference was studied by substituting the proline residue of extracellular invertase CIN1 from Chenopodium rubrum with a valine residue, by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutated gene was heterologously expressed in an invertase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The single amino-acid difference was shown to be the molecular basis for two enzymatic properties of invertase isoenzymes, for both the pH optimum and the substrate specificity. A proline in the WEC-P/V-D box determines the more acidic pH optimum and the higher cleavage rate of raffinose of extracellular invertases, compared to vacuolar invertases that have a valine residue at this position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Goetz
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carlson, Chourey. A Re-Evaluation of the Relative Roles of Two Invertases, INCW2 and IVR1, in Developing Maize Kernels and Other Tissues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 121:1025-1035. [PMID: 10557252 PMCID: PMC59467 DOI: 10.1104/pp.121.3.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/1999] [Accepted: 08/02/1999] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the relative abundance and distribution of the transcripts and protein products of a cell wall gene (Incw2) and a soluble invertase gene (Ivr1) to better understand their relative roles during maize (Zea mays L.) kernel development. In developing kernels the steady-state levels of Incw2 transcript increased dramatically from 0 to 12 d after pollination, while Ivr1 transcript, in contrast to a previous report, was undetectable. Consistent with the RNA expression data, the IVR1 protein could not be detected in kernel extracts using antisera raised to a synthetic peptide. Fractionation of the soluble form of invertase from developing kernels by isoelectric focusing and protein blots suggested that the enzyme activity was due to contamination of the cell wall invertase protein. A similar observation was made in a maize cell suspension culture in which Ivr1 RNA, but not IVR1 protein, was significantly modulated by sugars in the medium. Protein-blot analyses of the soluble enzyme activity suggested that changes in the enzyme activity are attributable to a cell wall invertase protein in the soluble fraction. Based on the collective evidence, we propose that the cell wall, but not the soluble invertase, is critical to heterotrophic sinks such as cell suspension cultures and developing kernels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlson
- Crop Genetics and Environmental Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0680
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sturm A. Invertases. Primary structures, functions, and roles in plant development and sucrose partitioning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 121:1-8. [PMID: 10482654 PMCID: PMC1539224 DOI: 10.1104/pp.121.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sturm
- Friedrich Miescher Institute, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Isla MI, Vattuone MA, Ordóñez RM, Sampietro AR. Invertase activity associated with the walls of Solanum tuberosum tubers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1999; 50:525-534. [PMID: 10028694 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three fractions with invertase activity (beta-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26) were isolated from mature Solanum tuberosum tubers: acid soluble invertase, invertase I and invertase II. The first two invertases were purified until electrophoretic homogeneity. They are made by two subunits with an apparent M(r) value of 35,000 and their optimal pH is 4.5. Invertase I was eluted from cell walls with ionic strength while invertase II remained tightly bound to cell walls after this treatment. This invertase was solubilized by enzymatic cell wall degradation (solubilized invertase II). Their K(m)s are 28, 20, 133 and 128 mM for acid soluble invertase, invertase I, invertase II and solubilized invertase II, respectively. Glucose is a non-competitive inhibitor of invertase activities and fructose produces a two site competitive inhibition with interaction between the sites. Bovine serum albumin produces activation of the acid soluble invertase and invertase I while a similar inhibition by lectins and endogenous proteinaceous inhibitor from mature S. tuberosum tubers was found. Invertase II (tightly bound to the cell walls) shows a different inhibition pattern. The test for reassociation of the acid soluble invertase or invertase I on cell wall, free of invertase activity, caused the reappearance of all invertase forms with their respective solubilization characteristics and molecular and kinetic properties. The invertase elution pattern, the recovery of cell wall firmly bound invertase and the coincidence in the immunological recognition, suggest that all three invertases may be originated from the same enzyme. The difference in some properties of invertase II and solubilized invertase II from the other two enzymes would be a consequence of the enzyme microenvironment in the cell wall or the result of its wall binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Isla
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lorenz K, Lienhard S, Sturm A. Structural organization and differential expression of carrot beta-fructofuranosidase genes: identification of a gene coding for a flower bud-specific isozyme. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 28:189-94. [PMID: 7787183 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three genomic clones (Inv*Dc1, Inv*Dc2 and Inv*Dc3) were isolated by using the cDNA for carrot cell wall beta-fructofuranosidase as a probe. The expression patterns of the three genes differed markedly. High levels of Inv*Dc1 transcripts were found in leaves and roots of young carrot, whereas in plants with developing tap roots no transcripts were detected. A high level of mRNA of Inv*Dc1 was also present in suspension-cultured cells. In developing reproductive organs, only low levels of transcripts of Inv*Dc1 were found in flower buds and flowers and none at later stages of development. In contrast, Inv*Dc2 and Inv*Dc3 were not expressed in vegetative plant organs. Invb1*Dc1 was exclusively and strongly expressed in flower buds, and Inv*Dc3 at a very low level in suspension-cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Lorenz
- Friedrich Miescher-Institut, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hedley PE, Machray GC, Davies HV, Burch L, Waugh R. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) invertase-encoding cDNAs and their differential expression. Gene 1994; 145:211-4. [PMID: 8056333 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA clone encoding a potato invertase (Inv) has been isolated. It is highly related (77% nucleotide identity) to a previously characterised potato cDNA clone encoding a putative extracellular Inv. These Inv genes encode a subfamily of apoplastic enzymes which are shown to be distinct, on the basis of sequence similarity, from the related subfamily of vacuolar enzymes. In order to differentiate between the expression of the two potato genes encoding apoplastic Inv, a single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay was developed for products generated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) utilising primers designed to amplify both potato sequences. Using this approach, we have shown that these two identified Inv from potato are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Genetics Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hedley PE, Machray GC, Davies HV, Burch L, Waugh R. cDNA cloning and expression of a potato (Solanum tuberosum) invertase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 22:917-922. [PMID: 8358038 DOI: 10.1007/bf00027378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding an invertase isoenzyme has been isolated from a potato leaf cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence shows significant similarities to previously characterised invertases. The highest degree of overall similarity, including the signal peptide sequence, is to carrot cell wall invertase, suggesting that the potato gene encodes an apoplastic enzyme. Expression of the gene, as determined by RT-PCR, is detected in stem and leaf tissue, and at lower levels in tuber, but is absent from roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Hedley
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|