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Vater J, Tam LTT, Jähne J, Herfort S, Blumenscheit C, Schneider A, Luong PT, Thao LTP, Blom J, Klee SR, Schweder T, Lasch P, Borriss R. Plant-Associated Representatives of the Bacillus cereus Group Are a Rich Source of Antimicrobial Compounds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2677. [PMID: 38004689 PMCID: PMC10672896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventeen bacterial strains able to suppress plant pathogens have been isolated from healthy Vietnamese crop plants and taxonomically assigned as members of the Bacillus cereus group. In order to prove their potential as biocontrol agents, we perform a comprehensive analysis that included the whole-genome sequencing of selected strains and the mining for genes and gene clusters involved in the synthesis of endo- and exotoxins and secondary metabolites, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Kurstakin, thumolycin, and other AMPs were detected and characterized by different mass spectrometric methods, such as MALDI-TOF-MS and LIFT-MALDI-TOF/TOF fragment analysis. Based on their whole-genome sequences, the plant-associated isolates were assigned to the following species and subspecies: B. cereus subsp. cereus (6), B. cereus subsp. bombysepticus (5), Bacillus tropicus (2), and Bacillus pacificus. These three isolates represent novel genomospecies. Genes encoding entomopathogenic crystal and vegetative proteins were detected in B. cereus subsp. bombysepticus TK1. The in vitro assays revealed that many plant-associated isolates enhanced plant growth and suppressed plant pathogens. Our findings indicate that the plant-associated representatives of the B. cereus group are a rich source of putative antimicrobial compounds with potential in sustainable agriculture. However, the presence of virulence genes might restrict their application as biologicals in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Vater
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Le Thi Thanh Tam
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; (L.T.T.T.); (P.T.L.); (L.T.P.T.)
| | - Jennifer Jähne
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Stefanie Herfort
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Christian Blumenscheit
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Andy Schneider
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pham Thi Luong
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; (L.T.T.T.); (P.T.L.); (L.T.P.T.)
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; (L.T.T.T.); (P.T.L.); (L.T.P.T.)
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Silke R. Klee
- Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Unit (ZBS2), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Kadeřábková N, Mahmood AJS, Furniss RCD, Mavridou DAI. Making a chink in their armor: Current and next-generation antimicrobial strategies against the bacterial cell envelope. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 83:221-307. [PMID: 37507160 PMCID: PMC10517717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are uniquely equipped to defeat antibiotics. Their outermost layer, the cell envelope, is a natural permeability barrier that contains an array of resistance proteins capable of neutralizing most existing antimicrobials. As a result, its presence creates a major obstacle for the treatment of resistant infections and for the development of new antibiotics. Despite this seemingly impenetrable armor, in-depth understanding of the cell envelope, including structural, functional and systems biology insights, has promoted efforts to target it that can ultimately lead to the generation of new antibacterial therapies. In this article, we broadly overview the biology of the cell envelope and highlight attempts and successes in generating inhibitors that impair its function or biogenesis. We argue that the very structure that has hampered antibiotic discovery for decades has untapped potential for the design of novel next-generation therapeutics against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kadeřábková
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ayesha J S Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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3
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Falkenberg F, Bott M, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. Phylogenetic survey of the subtilase family and a data-mining-based search for new subtilisins from Bacillaceae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017978. [PMID: 36225363 PMCID: PMC9549277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The subtilase family (S8), a member of the clan SB of serine proteases are ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life and fulfil different physiological functions. Subtilases are divided in several groups and especially subtilisins are of interest as they are used in various industrial sectors. Therefore, we searched for new subtilisin sequences of the family Bacillaceae using a data mining approach. The obtained 1,400 sequences were phylogenetically classified in the context of the subtilase family. This required an updated comprehensive overview of the different groups within this family. To fill this gap, we conducted a phylogenetic survey of the S8 family with characterised holotypes derived from the MEROPS database. The analysis revealed the presence of eight previously uncharacterised groups and 13 subgroups within the S8 family. The sequences that emerged from the data mining with the set filter parameters were mainly assigned to the subtilisin subgroups of true subtilisins, high-alkaline subtilisins, and phylogenetically intermediate subtilisins and represent an excellent source for new subtilisin candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenberg
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Petra Siegert,
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4
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Venkateswaran P, Lakshmanan PM, Muthukrishnan S, Bhagavathi H, Vasudevan S, Neelakantan P, Solomon AP. Hidden agenda of Enterococcus faecalis lifestyle transition: planktonic to sessile state. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1051-1069. [PMID: 35899477 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, a human gastrointestinal tract commensal, is known to cause nosocomial infections. Interestingly, the pathogen's host colonization and persistent infections are possibly linked to its lifestyle changes from planktonic to sessile state. Also, the multidrug resistance and survival fitness acquired in the sessile stage of E. faecalis has challenged treatment regimes. This situation exists because of the critical role played by several root genes and their molecular branches, which are part of quorum sensing, aggregation substance, surface adhesions, stress-related response and sex pheromones in the sessile state. It is therefore imperative to decode the hidden agenda of E. faecalis and understand the significant factors influencing biofilm formation. This would, in turn, augment the development of novel strategies to tackle E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Venkateswaran
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Priya M Lakshmanan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Sudhiksha Muthukrishnan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Hema Bhagavathi
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Sahana Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | | | - Adline P Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
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5
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Breeding of a High-Nisin-Yielding Bacterial Strain and Multiomics Analysis. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a green, safe and natural food preservative. With the expansion of nisin application, the demand for nisin has gradually increased, which equates to increased requirements for nisin production. In this study, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis lxl was used as the original strain, and the compound mutation method was applied to induce mutations. A high-yielding and genetically stable strain (Lactobacillus lactis A32) was identified, with the nisin titre raised by 332.2% up to 5089.29 IU/mL. Genome and transcriptome sequencing was used to analyse A32 and compare it with the original lxl strain. The comparative genomics results show that 107 genes in the A32 genome had mutations and most base mutations were not located in the four well-researched nisin-related operons, nisABTCIPRK, nisI, nisRK and nisFEG: 39 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 34 insertion mutations and 34 deletion mutations. The transcription results show that the expression of 92 genes changed significantly, with 27 of these differentially expressed genes upregulated, while 65 were downregulated. Our findings suggest that the output of nisin increased in L. lactis strain A32, which was accompanied by changes in the DNA replication-related gene dnaG, the ABC-ATPase transport-related genes patM and tcyC, the cysteine thiometabolism-related gene cysS, and the purine metabolism-related gene purL. Our study provides new insights into the traditional genetic mechanisms involved nisin production in L. lactis, which could provide clues for a more efficient metabolic engineering process.
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Weixler D, Berghoff M, Ovchinnikov KV, Reich S, Goldbeck O, Seibold GM, Wittmann C, Bar NS, Eikmanns BJ, Diep DB, Riedel CU. Recombinant production of the lantibiotic nisin using Corynebacterium glutamicum in a two-step process. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:11. [PMID: 35033086 PMCID: PMC8760817 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacteriocin nisin is naturally produced by Lactococcus lactis as an inactive prepeptide that is modified posttranslationally resulting in five (methyl-)lanthionine rings characteristic for class Ia bacteriocins. Export and proteolytic cleavage of the leader peptide results in release of active nisin. By targeting the universal peptidoglycan precursor lipid II, nisin has a broad target spectrum including important human pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Industrial nisin production is currently performed using natural producer strains resulting in rather low product purity and limiting its application to preservation of dairy food products. RESULTS We established heterologous nisin production using the biotechnological workhorse organism Corynebacterium glutamicum in a two-step process. We demonstrate successful biosynthesis and export of fully modified prenisin and its activation to mature nisin by a purified, soluble variant of the nisin protease NisP (sNisP) produced in Escherichia coli. Active nisin was detected by a L. lactis sensor strain with strictly nisin-dependent expression of the fluorescent protein mCherry. Following activation by sNisP, supernatants of the recombinant C. glutamicum producer strain cultivated in standard batch fermentations contained at least 1.25 mg/l active nisin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate successful implementation of a two-step process for recombinant production of active nisin with C. glutamicum. This extends the spectrum of bioactive compounds that may be produced using C. glutamicum to a bacteriocin harboring complex posttranslational modifications. Our results provide a basis for further studies to optimize product yields, transfer production to sustainable substrates and purification of pharmaceutical grade nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Weixler
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max Berghoff
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kirill V Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sebastian Reich
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldbeck
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadav S Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernhard J Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Bin Hafeez A, Jiang X, Bergen PJ, Zhu Y. Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11691. [PMID: 34769122 PMCID: PMC8583803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are distributed across all kingdoms of life and are an indispensable component of host defenses. They consist of predominantly short cationic peptides with a wide variety of structures and targets. Given the ever-emerging resistance of various pathogens to existing antimicrobial therapies, AMPs have recently attracted extensive interest as potential therapeutic agents. As the discovery of new AMPs has increased, many databases specializing in AMPs have been developed to collect both fundamental and pharmacological information. In this review, we summarize the sources, structures, modes of action, and classifications of AMPs. Additionally, we examine current AMP databases, compare valuable computational tools used to predict antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action, and highlight new machine learning approaches that can be employed to improve AMP activity to combat global antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmer Bin Hafeez
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Xukai Jiang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (X.J.); (P.J.B.)
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Phillip J. Bergen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (X.J.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (X.J.); (P.J.B.)
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8
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Rodríguez AA, Otero-González A, Ghattas M, Ständker L. Discovery, Optimization, and Clinical Application of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1381. [PMID: 34680498 PMCID: PMC8533436 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widespread in multicellular organisms. These structurally diverse molecules are produced as the first line of defense against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Also known as host defense peptides in higher eukaryotic organisms, AMPs display immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. During the last 30 years, technological advances have boosted the research on antimicrobial peptides, which have also attracted great interest as an alternative to tackling the antimicrobial resistance scenario mainly provoked by some bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, the introduction of natural AMPs in clinical trials faces challenges such as proteolytic digestion, short half-lives, and cytotoxicity upon systemic and oral application. Therefore, some strategies have been implemented to improve the properties of AMPs aiming to be used as effective therapeutic agents. In the present review, we summarize the discovery path of AMPs, focusing on preclinical development, recent advances in chemical optimization and peptide delivery systems, and their introduction into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A. Rodríguez
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Maretchia Ghattas
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo 11511, Egypt;
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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9
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The Inhibitory Concentration of Natural Food Preservatives May Be Biased by the Determination Methods. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051009. [PMID: 34066353 PMCID: PMC8148156 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for natural antimicrobials as food preservatives has increased due to the growing interest of the population for a healthy lifestyle. The application of screening methods to identify the antimicrobial activity of natural compounds is of great importance. The in vitro determination of antimicrobial activity requires determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations to assess microbial susceptibility. This study aimed to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations of three natural antimicrobial compounds—chitosan, ethanolic propolis extract, and nisin—against 37 microorganisms (different pathogens and spoilage microorganisms) by the methods of agar dilution and drop diffusion on agar. Culture media at different pH values were used for both methods to simulate different food products. Most of the microorganisms were inhibited by chitosan (0.5% w/v) and propolis (10 mg/mL), and most of the Gram-positive bacteria by nisin (25 μg/mL). Different pH values and the in vitro method used influenced the inhibition of each compound. Generally, lower minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed at lower pH values and for the agar dilution method. Furthermore, some microorganisms inhibited by the compounds on the agar dilution method were not inhibited by the same compounds and at the same concentrations on the drop diffusion technique. This study reinforces the need for using defined standard methods for the in vitro determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Natural compounds with potential antimicrobial action are a bet on food preservation. The use of standard techniques such as those used for antimicrobials of clinical applications are crucial to compare results obtained in different studies and different matrices.
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10
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S S, S R. Cyclic peptide production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their diverse applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2909-2927. [PMID: 33356473 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cyclic peptides gave gained increasing attention owing to their pH tolerance, heat stability and resistance to enzymatic actions. The increasing outbreaks of antibiotic resistant pathogens and food spoilage have prompted researchers to search for new approaches to combat them. The increasing number of reports on novel cyclic peptides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is considered as a breakthrough due to their potential applications. Although an extensive investigation is required to understand the mechanism of action and range of applications, LAB cyclic peptides can be considered as potential substitutes for commercially available antibiotics and bio preservatives. This review summarizes the current updates of LAB cyclic peptides with emphasis on their structure, mode of action and applications. Recent trends in cyclic peptide applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rupachandra S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
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11
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Barbour A, Wescombe P, Smith L. Evolution of Lantibiotic Salivaricins: New Weapons to Fight Infectious Diseases. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:578-593. [PMID: 32544444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lantibiotic salivaricins are polycyclic peptides containing lanthionine and/or β-methyllanthionine residues produced by certain strains of Streptococcus salivarius, which almost exclusively reside in the human oral cavity. The importance of these molecules stems from their antimicrobial activity towards relevant oral pathogens which has so far been applied through the development of salivaricin-producing probiotic strains. However, salivaricins may also prove to be of great value in the development of new and novel antibacterial therapies in this era of emerging antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the biosynthesis, antimicrobial activity, structure, and mode of action of the lantibiotic salivaricins characterized to date. Moreover, we also provide an expert opinion and suggestions for future development of this important field of microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Wescombe
- Yili Innovation Center Oceania, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Leif Smith
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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12
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Fael H, Demirel AL. Nisin/polyanion layer-by-layer films exhibiting different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10329-10337. [PMID: 35498610 PMCID: PMC9050377 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nisin/polyanion Layer-by-Layer (LbL) films are reported to exhibit different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy depending on the type of polyanion. LbL films consisting of nisin as the polycationic component were prepared using two different polyanionic constituents: poly acrylic acid (PAA) and dextran sulfate (DX). Due to the weaker interaction strength of carboxylate groups with nisin compared to sulfate/nisin, a larger molecular weight of PAA was needed to achieve LbL assembly. PAA-100K/nisin and DX-15K/nisin multilayer films exhibited significantly different properties. PAA–nisin films grew faster compared to DX–nisin films and showed, for 60 bilayer films, an average bilayer thickness of 21.6 nm compared to that of 6.1 nm in DX–nisin films. The total amount of nisin was found to be 17.1 ± 2.2 μg cm−2 in (PAA–nisin)60 and 6.8 ± 0.4 μg cm−2 in (DX–nisin)60 films. The stability of the films was investigated at three different pH values of 6.0, 7.4 and 9.5. (PAA–nisin)60 films exhibited the release of nisin into the solution which resulted in the disintegration of the film over several hours. A burst release was observed in the first hour followed by a slower release and disintegration over 24 hours with a complete release at pH 9.5. The bacterial growth inhibition test against Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the antimicrobial activity of nisin released from PAA–nisin films. PAA was found to stabilize nisin and the film-released nisin retained its antimicrobial activity in the neutral and alkaline pH values. Unlike PAA–nisin films, (DX–nisin)60 films were stable at the physiological conditions up to 14 days with no release of nisin. DX–nisin films were found to inhibit the attachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis and prevent biofilm formation. These results clearly demonstrate the effect of different polyanions on nisin LbL films to achieve different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy and show the potential of PAA–nisin multilayer films as promising local delivery systems for treatment of burns and wounds, while DX–nisin multilayer films can be employed as stable coatings against bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Polyanion–nisin multilayer films exhibit antimicrobial activity by controlled release of nisin or as stable biofilm inhibiting coatings depending on polyanion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Fael
- Department of Chemistry
- Koç University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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13
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Cao Y, Naseri M, He Y, Xu C, Walsh LJ, Ziora ZM. Non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents to combat biofilm-forming bacteria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:445-451. [PMID: 31830536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms can be produced by multiple species or by a single strain of bacteria. The biofilm state enhances the resistance of the resident microorganisms to antimicrobial agents by producing extracellular polymeric substances. Typically, antibiotics are used to stop the growth of bacteria, but emerging resistance has limited their effectiveness. Bacteria in biofilms are less susceptible to antibiotics compared with their free-floating state, as biofilms impair antibiotic penetration. To obviate this challenge, non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents are needed. This review describes two classes of these agents, namely antimicrobial nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptides. Applications of these antimicrobials in the food industry and medical applications are discussed, and the directions for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Cao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mahdi Naseri
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yan He
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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14
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Preclinical evaluation of the maximum tolerated dose and toxicokinetics of enteric-coated lantibiotic OG253 capsules. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:32-40. [PMID: 31034929 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) is the leading infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis in the United States. Both the incidence and severity of CDAD have been increased over the past two decades. We evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicokinetics of OG253, a novel lantibiotic in development for the treatment of CDAD. OG253 was orally administered to Wistar Han rats as enteric-coated capsules in a one-day dose escalation study, followed by a seven-day repeated dose toxicokinetics study. All three doses of OG253 (6.75, 27 and 108 mg/day) were generally well-tolerated with no treatment-related clinical signs, alterations in body weight or food consumption in both one-day acute tolerability and seven-days repeated dose tolerability and toxicokinetics study. OG253 capsule administration neither significantly alter the weight of organs nor affect the hematology, coagulation, clinical biochemistry parameters and urine pH compared to placebo capsule administered rats. LC-MS/MS analysis did not detect OG253 in the plasma, indicating that OG253 is not absorbed into the blood from the rat gastrointestinal tract. Glandular atrophy of the rectal mucosa was noticed in two out of six rats administered with a high dose of OG253. Surprisingly, we found that OG253 treatment significantly lowered both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both sexes of rats. Overall, there was a 29.8 and 61.38% decrease in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, respectively as compared to placebo-treated rats. The well-tolerated high dose of OG253 (425.7 mg/kg/day) is recommended as the MTD for safety and efficacy studies. Further preclinical study is needed to evaluate the safety profile of OG253 under longer exposure.
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15
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Gomes J, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Natural Antimicrobial Agents as an Alternative to Chemical Antimicrobials in the Safety and Preservation of Food Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2212796812666180511115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Microbiological quality of food is of utmost importance in the food industry, so the use of food additives is essential to reduce microbial loads, which may result in food spoilage and poisoning.Objective:This study aimed to test the antimicrobial activity of three natural compounds – chitosan, ethanolic extract of propolis, and nisin – against 15 Gram-positive bacteria, 15 Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi and, also, to compare it with the antimicrobial activity of the chemical compound sodium nitrite, alone and in combination with sodium chloride.Methods:Antimicrobial activity was tested at different pH values and temperatures of incubation to simulate the presence of the pathogens in different food products and different storage conditions, as well as to determine their influence on the inhibition of microorganisms.Results:Most of the Gram-positive bacteria were inhibited at 25 µg/mL of nisin. Concentrations of 10 mg/mL of ethanolic extract of propolis inhibited fungi, most of the Gram-positive and some Gramnegative bacteria, and with concentrations of 0.65% (w/v) of chitosan, it was possible to inhibit most of the tested microorganisms. All the natural compounds tested had greater inhibitory effect against the various microorganisms compared with sodium nitrite alone and in combination with sodium chloride, in the different conditions of pH and temperature.Conclusion:This suggests that natural compounds could be good candidates for use as an alternative to chemical antimicrobials in food safety and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gomes
- Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica Fina, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica Fina, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica Fina, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Bovicins: The Bacteriocins of Streptococci and Their Potential in Methane Mitigation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:1403-1413. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Cebrián R, Macia-Valero A, Jati AP, Kuipers OP. Design and Expression of Specific Hybrid Lantibiotics Active Against Pathogenic Clostridium spp. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2154. [PMID: 31616392 PMCID: PMC6768957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile has been reported as the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea (antibiotic-associated diarrhea), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The resistance of the clostridial spores to antibiotics and their side effects on the gut microbiota are two factors related to the emergence of infection and its relapses. Lantibiotics provide an innovative alternative for cell growth inhibition due to their dual mechanism of action (membrane pore-forming and cell wall synthesis inhibition) and low resistance rate. Based on the fact that bacteriocins are usually active against bacteria closely related to the producer strains, a new dual approach combining genome mining and synthetic biology was performed, by designing new lantibiotics with high activity and specificity toward Clostridium. We first attempted the heterologous expression of putative lantibiotics identified following Clostridium genome mining. Subsequently, we designed new hybrid lantibiotics combining the start or end of the putative clostridial peptides and the start or end parts of nisin. The designed peptides were cloned and expressed using the nisin biosynthetic machinery in Lactococcus lactis. From the 20 initial peptides, only 1 fulfilled the requirements established in this work to be considered as a good candidate: high heterologous production level and high specificity/activity against clostridial species. The high specificity and activity observed for the peptide AMV10 makes it an interesting candidate as an alternative to traditional antibiotics in the treatment of C. difficile infections, avoiding side effects and protecting the normal gut microbiota.
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18
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Wu Y, An J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ren W, Fang Z, Sun L, Gooneratne R. Mode of action of a novel anti-Listeria bacteriocin (CAMT2) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZJHD3-06 from Epinephelus areolatus. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:61-66. [PMID: 30203187 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocin CAMT2, produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZJHD3-06, has been shown to exhibit protective activity against important food spoilage and food-borne bacterial pathogens. This study was conducted to investigate the mode of action of bacteriocin CAMT2 against highly pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111. The addition of bacteriocin CAMT2 at 64 AU/ml inhibited L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111. An efflux of K+ ions, lactic acid dehydrogenase and an increase in extracellular electrical conductivity was observed in CAMT2-treated L. monocytogenes. Electron microscopy showed morphological alterations such as uneven cell surface, accumulation of cell debris and bacterial lysis. These results show that bacteriocin CAMT2 inhibit L. monocytogenes by increasing cell permeability and inducing membrane damage, hence it has the great application potentials in ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junying An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wenbin Ren
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
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19
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Szkudlarek M, Heine E, Keul H, Beginn U, Möller M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of Peptides Mimicking Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and 4-Methyl-1-pentene. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2617. [PMID: 30181456 PMCID: PMC6163474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic amphiphilic copolymers with strong antimicrobial properties mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides were obtained via synthesis of an alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride and 4-methyl-1-pentene. The obtained copolymer was modified by grafting with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (DMAPA) and imidized in a one-pot synthesis. The obtained copolymer was modified further to yield polycationic copolymers by means of quaternization with methyl iodide and dodecyl iodide, as well as by being sequentially quaternized with both of them. The antimicrobial properties of obtained copolymers were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Both tested quaternized copolymers were more active against the Gram-negative E. coli than against the Gram-positive S. aureus. The copolymer modified with both iodides was best when tested against E. coli and, comparing all three copolymers, also exhibited the best effect against S. aureus. Moreover, it shows (limited) selectivity to differentiate between mammalian cells and bacterial cell walls. Comparing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Nisin against the Gram-positive bacteria on the molar basis instead on the weight basis, the difference between the effect of Nisin and the copolymer is significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Szkudlarek
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Heine
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Beginn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, OMC, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Kers JA, Sharp RE, Muley S, Mayo M, Colbeck J, Zhu Y, DeFusco AW, Park JH, Handfield M. Blueprints for the rational design of therapeutic mutacin 1140 variants. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1940-1953. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan A. Kers
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - R. Eryl Sharp
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Sheela Muley
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Melissa Mayo
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Jeffrey Colbeck
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Intrexon Corp.; Industrial Products Division; South San Francisco California
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21
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Gherghisan-Filip C, Saalbach G, Hatziioanou D, Narbad A, Mayer MJ. Processing and Structure of the Lantibiotic Peptide Nso From the Human Gut Bacterium Blautia obeum A2-162 analysed by Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10077. [PMID: 29973605 PMCID: PMC6031655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously reported gene cluster encoding four nisin-like peptides, three with the same sequence (NsoA1-3) and the unique NsoA4, produced antimicrobial activity in the presence of trypsin after heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis. Protein extracts were separated by SDS gel electrophoresis or immunoprecipitation using an antibody to the NsoA2 leader. Tryptic peptides observed by LC-MS/MS covered the complete sequence of preNsoA1-3 and part of the leader sequence of preNsoA4 and confirmed the expression and the predicted sequences of the preNsoA peptides. Further, the data revealed that the preNsoA1-3 peptides were partly modified with dehydrations and formation of lanthionine rings. A certain amount of fully modified preNsoA1-3 was observed. Details of modifications of the core peptide and the C-terminal tryptic peptide TATCGCHITGK covering rings D and E indicated that 22% of these preNsoA1-3 peptides were completely modified. A lower amount of ring formation is estimated for rings A-C. Intact masses of immunoprecipitation-derived peptides determined by LC-MS accurately matched the expected preNsoA precursor peptides. The most abundant peptides detected were preNsoA2-3-8H2O followed by preNsoA1-8H2O and other states of dehydration. The results confirm incomplete processing of preNsoA peptides in the heterologous system, with the formation of a certain amount of fully modified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gherghisan-Filip
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.,University of East Anglia, UEA, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Diane Hatziioanou
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Melinda J Mayer
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
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22
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Enzyme oxidation of plant galactomannans yielding biomaterials with novel properties and applications, including as delivery systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4687-4702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Matsumoto-Nakano M. Role of Streptococcus mutans surface proteins for biofilm formation. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2018; 54:22-29. [PMID: 29628998 PMCID: PMC5884221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a primary causative agent of dental caries in humans. An important virulence property of the bacterium is its ability to form biofilm known as dental plaque on tooth surfaces. In addition, this organism also produces glucosyltransferases, multiple glucan-binding proteins, protein antigen c, and collagen-binding protein, surface proteins that coordinate to produce dental plaque, thus inducing dental caries. Bacteria utilize quorum-sensing systems to modulate environmental stress responses. A major mechanism of response to signals is represented by the so called two-component signal transduction system, which enables bacteria to regulate their gene expression and coordinate activities in response to environmental stress. As for S. mutans, a signal peptide-mediated quorum-sensing system encoded by comCDE has been found to be a regulatory system that responds to cell density and certain environmental stresses by excreting a peptide signal molecule termed CSP (competence-stimulating peptide). One of its principal virulence factors is production of bacteriocins (peptide antibiotics) referred to as mutacins. Two-component signal transduction systems are commonly utilized by bacteria to regulate bacteriocin gene expression and are also related to biofilm formation by S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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24
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Engevik MA, Versalovic J. Biochemical Features of Beneficial Microbes: Foundations for Therapeutic Microbiology. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0012-2016. [PMID: 28984235 PMCID: PMC5873327 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0012-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal and beneficial microbes secrete myriad products which target the mammalian host and other microbes. These secreted substances aid in bacterial niche development, and select compounds beneficially modulate the host and promote health. Microbes produce unique compounds which can serve as signaling factors to the host, such as biogenic amine neuromodulators, or quorum-sensing molecules to facilitate inter-bacterial communication. Bacterial metabolites can also participate in functional enhancement of host metabolic capabilities, immunoregulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Secreted products such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and bacteriocin-like substances can also target the microbiome. Microbes differ greatly in their metabolic potential and subsequent host effects. As a result, knowledge about microbial metabolites will facilitate selection of next-generation probiotics and therapeutic compounds derived from the mammalian microbiome. In this article we describe prominent examples of microbial metabolites and their effects on microbial communities and the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
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25
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Hatziioanou D, Gherghisan-Filip C, Saalbach G, Horn N, Wegmann U, Duncan SH, Flint HJ, Mayer MJ, Narbad A. Discovery of a novel lantibiotic nisin O from Blautia obeum A2-162, isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1292-1305. [PMID: 28857034 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel lanC-like sequence was identified from the dominant human gut bacterium Blautia obeum strain A2-162. This sequence was extended to reveal a putative lantibiotic operon with biosynthetic and transport genes, two sets of regulatory genes, immunity genes, three identical copies of a nisin-like lanA gene with an unusual leader peptide, and a fourth putative lanA gene. Comparison with other nisin clusters showed that the closest relationship was to nisin U. B. obeum A2-162 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Clostridium perfringens when grown on solid medium in the presence of trypsin. Fusions of predicted nsoA structural sequences with the nisin A leader were expressed in Lactococcus lactis containing the nisin A operon without nisA. Expression of the nisA leader sequence fused to the predicted structural nsoA1 produced a growth defect in L. lactis that was dependent upon the presence of biosynthetic genes, but failed to produce antimicrobial activity. Insertion of the nso cluster into L. lactis MG1614 gave an increased immunity to nisin A, but this was not replicated by the expression of nsoI. Nisin A induction of L. lactis containing the nso cluster and nisRK genes allowed detection of the NsoA1 pre-peptide by Western hybridization. When this heterologous producer was grown with nisin induction on solid medium, antimicrobial activity was demonstrated in the presence of trypsin against C. perfringens, Clostridium difficile and L. lactis. This research adds to evidence that lantibiotic production may be an important trait of gut bacteria and could lead to the development of novel treatments for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Hatziioanou
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Cristina Gherghisan-Filip
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | - Nikki Horn
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Udo Wegmann
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Sylvia H Duncan
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Harry J Flint
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Melinda J Mayer
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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26
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Ali L, Goraya MU, Arafat Y, Ajmal M, Chen JL, Yu D. Molecular Mechanism of Quorum-Sensing in Enterococcus faecalis: Its Role in Virulence and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050960. [PMID: 28467378 PMCID: PMC5454873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum-sensing systems control major virulence determinants in Enterococcusfaecalis, which causes nosocomial infections. The E. faecalis quorum-sensing systems include several virulence factors that are regulated by the cytolysin operon, which encodes the cytolysin toxin. In addition, the E. faecalis Fsr regulator system controls the expression of gelatinase, serine protease, and enterocin O16. The cytolysin and Fsr virulence factor systems are linked to enterococcal diseases that affect the health of humans and other host models. Therefore, there is substantial interest in understanding and targeting these regulatory pathways to develop novel therapies for enterococcal infection control. Quorum-sensing inhibitors could be potential therapeutic agents for attenuating the pathogenic effects of E. faecalis. Here, we discuss the regulation of cytolysin, the LuxS system, and the Fsr system, their role in E. faecalis-mediated infections, and possible therapeutic approaches to prevent E. faecalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Ali
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsan Ullah Goraya
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yasir Arafat
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Daojin Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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27
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Campion A, Morrissey R, Field D, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Use of enhanced nisin derivatives in combination with food-grade oils or citric acid to control Cronobacter sakazakii and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:254-263. [PMID: 28400011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are well known food-borne pathogens that can cause severe disease. The identification of new alternatives to heating to control these pathogens in foods, while reducing the impact on organoleptic properties and nutritional value, is highly desirable. In this study, nisin and its bioengineered variants, nisin V and nisin S29A, are used alone, or in combination with plant essential oils (thymol, carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde) or citric acid, with a view to controlling C. sakazakii and E. coli O157:H7 in laboratory-based assays and model food systems. The use of nisin variants (30 μM) with low concentrations of thymol (0.015%), carvacrol (0.03%) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (0.035%) resulted in extended lag phases of growth compared to those for corresponding nisin A-essential oil combinations. Furthermore, nisin variants (60 μM) used in combination with carvacrol (0.03%) significantly reduced viable counts of E. coli O157:H7 (3-log) and C. sakazakii (4-log) compared to nisin A-carvacrol treatment. Importantly, this increased effectiveness translated into food. More specifically, sub-inhibitory concentrations of nisin variants and carvacrol caused complete inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice within 3 h at room temperature compared to that of the equivalent nisin A combination. Furthermore, combinations of commercial Nisaplin and the food additive citric acid reduced C. sakazakii numbers markedly in infant formula within the same 3 h period. These results highlight the potential benefits of combining nisin and variants thereof with carvacrol and/or citric acid for the inhibition of Gram negative food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Campion
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruth Morrissey
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Campia P, Ponzini E, Rossi B, Farris S, Silvetti T, Merlini L, Brasca M, Grandori R, Galante YM. “Aerogels of enzymatically oxidized galactomannans from leguminous plants: Versatile delivery systems of antimicrobial peptides and enzymes”. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 158:102-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Cintas LM, Casaus MP, Herranz C, Nes IF, Hernández PE. Review: Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/r8de-p6hu-clxp-5ryt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, a large number of new bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been identified and characterized. LAB-bacteriocins comprise a heterogeneous group of physicochemically diverse ribosomally-synthesized peptides or proteins showing a narrow or broad antimicrobial activity spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriocins are classified into separate groups such as the lantibiotics (Class I); the small (<10 kDa) heat-stable postranslationally unmodified non-lantibiotics (Class II), further subdivided in the pediocin-like and anti Listeria bacteriocins (subclass IIa), the two-peptide bacteriocins (subclass IIb), and the sec-dependent bacteriocins (subclass IIc); and the large (>30 kDa) heat-labile non-lantibiotics (Class III). Most bacteriocins characterized to date belong to Class II and are synthesized as precursor peptides (preprobacteriocins) containing an N-terminal double-glycine leader peptide, which is cleaved off concomitantly with externalization of biologically active bacteriocins by a dedicated ABC-transporter and its accessory protein. However, the recently identified sec-dependent bacteriocins contain an N-terminal signal peptide that directs bacteriocin secretion through the general secretory pathway (GSP). Most LAB-bacteriocins act on sensitive cells by destabilization and permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane through the formation of transitory poration complexes or ionic channels that cause the reduction or dissipation of the proton motive force (PMF). Bacteriocin producing LAB strains protect themselves against the toxicity of their own bacteriocins by the expression of a specific immunity protein which is generally encoded in the bacteriocin operon. Bacteriocin production in LAB is frequently regulated by a three-component signal transduction system consisting of an induction factor (IF), and histidine protein kinase (HPK) and a response regulator (RR). This paper presents an updated review on the general knowledge about physicochemical properties, molecular mode of action, biosynthesis, regulation and genetics of LAB-bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III (Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. P. Casaus
- Carrefour, Departamento de Marcas Propias, Área de Calidad, Campezo 16, 28022 Madrid
| | - C. Herranz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III (Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. F. Nes
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5051, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - P. E. Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III (Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Barbour A, Tagg J, Abou-Zied OK, Philip K. New insights into the mode of action of the lantibiotic salivaricin B. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31749. [PMID: 27526944 PMCID: PMC4985645 DOI: 10.1038/srep31749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivaricin B is a 25 amino acid polycyclic peptide belonging to the type AII lantibiotics and first shown to be produced by Streptococcus salivarius. In this study we describe the bactericidal mode of action of salivaricin B against susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. The killing action of salivaricin B required micro-molar concentrations of lantibiotic whereas the prototype lantibiotic nisin A was shown to be potent at nano-molar levels. Unlike nisin A, salivaricin B did not induce pore formation or dissipate the membrane potential in susceptible cells. This was established by measuring the fluorescence of the tryptophan residue at position 17 when salivaricin B interacted with bacterial membrane vesicles. The absence of a fluorescence blue shift indicates a failure of salivaricin B to penetrate the membranes. On the other hand, salivaricin B interfered with cell wall biosynthesis, as shown by the accumulation of the final soluble cell wall precursor UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide which is the backbone of the bacterial peptidoglycan. Transmission electron microscopy of salivaricin B-treated cells showed a reduction in cell wall thickness together with signs of aberrant septum formation in the absence of visible changes to cytoplasmic membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelahhad Barbour
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John Tagg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Osama K Abou-Zied
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Koshy Philip
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
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Molecular mechanisms of membrane targeting antibiotics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:980-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Prudêncio CV, Mantovani HC, Cecon PR, Prieto M, Vanetti MCD. Temperature and pH influence the susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to nisin combined with EDTA. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shin JM, Gwak JW, Kamarajan P, Fenno JC, Rickard AH, Kapila YL. Biomedical applications of nisin. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1449-65. [PMID: 26678028 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by a group of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to Lactococcus and Streptococcus species. Nisin is classified as a Type A (I) lantibiotic that is synthesized from mRNA and the translated peptide contains several unusual amino acids due to post-translational modifications. Over the past few decades, nisin has been used widely as a food biopreservative. Since then, many natural and genetically modified variants of nisin have been identified and studied for their unique antimicrobial properties. Nisin is FDA approved and generally regarded as a safe peptide with recognized potential for clinical use. Over the past two decades the application of nisin has been extended to biomedical fields. Studies have reported that nisin can prevent the growth of drug-resistant bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococci and Clostridium difficile. Nisin has now been shown to have antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative disease-associated pathogens. Nisin has been reported to have anti-biofilm properties and can work synergistically in combination with conventional therapeutic drugs. In addition, like host-defence peptides, nisin may activate the adaptive immune response and have an immunomodulatory role. Increasing evidence indicates that nisin can influence the growth of tumours and exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. Collectively, the application of nisin has advanced beyond its role as a food biopreservative. Thus, this review will describe and compare studies on nisin and provide insight into its future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Shin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J W Gwak
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Kamarajan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y L Kapila
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Oppedijk SF, Martin NI, Breukink E. Hit 'em where it hurts: The growing and structurally diverse family of peptides that target lipid-II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:947-57. [PMID: 26523408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mode of action of antibiotics is becoming more and more important in the time that microorganisms start to develop resistance. One very well validated target of several classes of antibiotics is the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II. In this review different classes of lipid II targeting antibiotics will be discussed in detail, including the lantibiotics, human invertebrate defensins and the recently discovered teixobactin. By hitting bacteria where it hurts, at the level of lipid II, we expect to be able to develop efficient antibacterial agents in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine F Oppedijk
- Membrane biochemistry and Biophysics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane biochemistry and Biophysics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The lantibiotics are a class of bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) that contain several unusual amino acids resulting from enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications. They exhibit high specific activity against Gram-positive targets, including many antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and consequently have been investigated with a view to their application as antimicrobials in both the food and medical arenas. Importantly, the gene-encoded nature of lantibiotics makes them more amenable to bioengineering strategies to further enhance their antimicrobial and physicochemical properties. However, although the bioengineering of lantibiotics has been underway for over 2 decades, significant progress has only been reported in recent years. This review charts recent developments with regard to the implementation of bioengineering strategies to enhance the functional characteristics of the prototypical and most studied lantibiotic nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- a Department of Microbiology ; University College Cork ; Cork , Ireland
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Phoenix DA, Harris F, Mura M, Dennison SR. The increasing role of phosphatidylethanolamine as a lipid receptor in the action of host defence peptides. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:26-37. [PMID: 25936689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are antimicrobial agents produced by organisms across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Many prokaryotes produce HDPs, which utilise lipid and protein receptors in the membranes of bacterial competitors to facilitate their antibacterial action and thereby survive in their niche environment. As a major example, it is well established that cinnamycin and duramycins from Streptomyces have a high affinity for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and exhibit activity against other Gram-positive organisms, such as Bacillus. In contrast, although eukaryotic HDPs utilise membrane interactive mechanisms to facilitate their antimicrobial activity, the prevailing view has long been that these mechanisms do not involve membrane receptors. However, this view has been recently challenged by reports that a number of eukaryotic HDPs such as plant cyclotides also use PE as a receptor to promote their antimicrobial activities. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the use of PE as a receptor in the antimicrobial and other biological actions of HDPs and describe medical and biotechnical uses of these peptides, which range from tumour imaging and detection to inclusion in topical microbicidal gels to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK; School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Manuela Mura
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Nisin H Is a New Nisin Variant Produced by the Gut-Derived Strain Streptococcus hyointestinalis DPC6484. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3953-60. [PMID: 25841003 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00212-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that bacteriocin production represents a probiotic trait for intestinal strains to promote dominance, fight infection, and even signal the immune system. In this respect, in a previous study, we isolated from the porcine intestine a strain of Streptococcus hyointestinalis DPC6484 that displays antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria and produces a bacteriocin with a mass of 3,453 Da. Interestingly, the strain was also found to be immune to a nisin-producing strain. Genome sequencing revealed the genetic determinants responsible for a novel version of nisin, designated nisin H, consisting of the nshABTCPRKGEF genes, with transposases encoded between nshP and nshR and between nshK and nshG. A similar gene cluster is also found in S. hyointestinalis LMG14581. Notably, the cluster lacks an equivalent of the nisin immunity gene, nisI. Nisin H is proposed to have the same structure as the prototypical nisin A but differs at 5 amino acid positions-Ile1Phe (i.e., at position 1, nisin A has Ile while nisin H has Phe), Leu6Met, Gly18Dhb (threonine dehydrated to dehydrobutyrine), Met21Tyr, and His31Lys--and appears to represent an intermediate between the lactococcal nisin A and the streptococcal nisin U variant of nisin. Purified nisin H inhibits a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococci, streptococci, Listeria spp., bacilli, and enterococci. It represents the first example of a natural nisin variant produced by an intestinal isolate of streptococcal origin.
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A bioengineered nisin derivative to control biofilms of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119684. [PMID: 25789988 PMCID: PMC4366236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the shortage of novel antimicrobials are among the biggest challenges facing society. One of the major factors contributing to resistance is the use of frontline clinical antibiotics in veterinary practice. In order to properly manage dwindling antibiotic resources, we must identify antimicrobials that are specifically targeted to veterinary applications. Nisin is a member of the lantibiotic family of antimicrobial peptides that exhibit potent antibacterial activity against many gram-positive bacteria, including human and animal pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Listeria, and Clostridium. Although not currently used in human medicine, nisin is already employed commercially as an anti-mastitis product in the veterinary field. Recently we have used bioengineering strategies to enhance the activity of nisin against several high profile targets, including multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and also against staphylococci and streptococci associated with bovine mastitis. However, newly emerging pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) pose a significant threat in terms of veterinary health and as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance determinants. In this study we created a nisin derivative with enhanced antimicrobial activity against S. pseudintermedius. In addition, the novel nisin derivative exhibits an enhanced ability to impair biofilm formation and to reduce the density of established biofilms. The activities of this peptide represent a significant improvement over that of the wild-type nisin peptide and merit further investigation with a view to their use to treat S. pseudintermedius infections.
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39
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Tolerance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to nisin combined with EDTA is accompanied by changes in cellular composition. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Towse CL, Hopping G, Vulovic I, Daggett V. Nature versus design: the conformational propensities of D-amino acids and the importance of side chain chirality. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:447-55. [PMID: 25233851 PMCID: PMC4204638 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids are useful building blocks for de novo peptide design and they play a role in aging-related diseases associated with gradual protein racemization. For amino acids with achiral side chains, one should be able to presume that the conformational propensities of L- and D-amino acids are a reflection of one another due to the straightforward geometric inversion at the Cα atom. However, this presumption does not account for the directionality of the backbone dipole and the inverted propensities have never been definitively confirmed in this context. Furthermore, there is little known of how alternative side chain chirality affects the backbone conformations of isoleucine and threonine. Using a GGXGG host-guest pentapeptide system, we have completed exhaustive sampling of the conformational propensities of the D-amino acids, including D-allo-isoleucine and D-allo-threonine, using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Comparison of these simulations with the same systems hosting the cognate L-amino acids verifies that the intrinsic backbone conformational propensities of the D-amino acids are the inverse of their cognate L-enantiomers. Where amino acids have a chiral center in their side chain (Thr, Ile) the β-configuration affects the backbone sampling, which in turn can confer different biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare-Louise Towse
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5013, USA
| | - Gene Hopping
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5013, USA
| | - Ivan Vulovic
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5013, USA
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5013, USA
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ApnI, a transmembrane protein responsible for subtilomycin immunity, unveils a novel model for lantibiotic immunity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6303-15. [PMID: 25085495 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02280-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtilomycin was detected from the plant endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis BSn5 and was first reported from B. subtilis strain MMA7. In this study, a gene cluster that has been proposed to be related to subtilomycin biosynthesis was isolated from the BSn5 genome and was experimentally validated by gene inactivation and heterologous expression. Comparison of the subtilomycin gene cluster with other verified related lantibiotic gene clusters revealed a particular organization of the genes apnI and apnT downstream of apnAPBC, which may be involved in subtilomycin immunity. Through analysis of expression of the apnI and/or apnT genes in the subtilomycin-sensitive strain CU1065 and inactivation of apnI and apnT in the producer strain BSn5, we showed that the single gene apnI, encoding a putative transmembrane protein, was responsible for subtilomycin immunity. To our knowledge, evidence for lantibiotic immunity that is solely dependent on a transmembrane protein is quite rare. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed the abundant presence of ApnI-like proteins that may be responsible for lantibiotic immunity in Bacillus and Paenibacillus. We cloned the paeI gene, encoding one such ApnI-like protein, into CU1065 and showed that it confers resistance to paenibacillin. However, no cross-resistance was detected between ApnI and PaeI, even though subtilomycin and paenibacillin share similar structures, suggesting that the protection provided by ApnI/ApnI-like proteins involves a specific-sequence recognition mechanism. Peptide release/binding assays indicated that the recombinant B. subtilis expressing apnI interacted with subtilomycin. Thus, ApnI represents a novel model for lantibiotic immunity that appears to be common.
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Dimov S, Ivanova P, Harizanova N, Ivanova I. Bioactive Peptides used by Bacteria in the Concur-Rence for the Ecological Niche: General Classification and Mode of Action (Overview). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Nigam A, Gupta D, Sharma A. Treatment of infectious disease: beyond antibiotics. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:643-51. [PMID: 24661689 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several antibiotics have been discovered following the discovery of penicillin. These antibiotics had been helpful in treatment of infectious diseases considered dread for centuries. The advent of multiple drug resistance in microbes has posed new challenge to researchers. The scientists are now evaluating alternatives for combating infectious diseases. This review focuses on major alternatives to antibiotics on which preliminary work had been carried out. These promising anti-microbial include: phages, bacteriocins, killing factors, antibacterial activities of non-antibiotic drugs and quorum quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Nigam
- IPLS Building, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202145, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Snyder AB, Worobo RW. Chemical and genetic characterization of bacteriocins: antimicrobial peptides for food safety. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:28-44. [PMID: 23818338 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are produced across all domains of life. Among these diverse compounds, those produced by bacteria have been most successfully applied as agents of biocontrol in food and agriculture. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized, proteinaceous compounds that inhibit the growth of closely related bacteria. Even within the subcategory of bacteriocins, the peptides vary significantly in terms of the gene cluster responsible for expression, and chemical and structural composition. The polycistronic gene cluster generally includes a structural gene and various combinations of immunity, secretion, and regulatory genes and modifying enzymes. Chemical variation can exist in amino acid identity, chain length, secondary and tertiary structural features, as well as specificity of active sites. This diversity posits bacteriocins as potential antimicrobial agents with a range of functions and applications. Those produced by food-grade bacteria and applied in normally occurring concentrations can be used as GRAS-status food additives. However, successful application requires thorough characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
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Abstract
The sal lantibiotic locus plays an important role in the virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes. Our transcriptional analysis of the sal locus provides new information on the complex regulation of this operon. Transcription of the operon is regulated by a promoter upstream of the operon and by a second internal promoter upstream of the salKRZ genes. Here we identify the location of the internal promoter and provide information on how this promoter is autoregulated by proteins within the locus. We determined by primer extension that the salKR promoter is located within the salY gene and identified several regulatory regions important for expression. The higher activity of the promoter in a salKR deletion strain indicates a role in repression by the SalR response regulator. Further, this promoter had higher activity in a salA deletion strain, implicating corepression or a signaling role for the SalA peptide. Finally, we demonstrate that this promoter can be controlled by host factors. Analysis of transcriptional regulation of this locus provides a better understanding of the function of the sal locus in S. pyogenes pathogenesis.
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Phelan RW, Barret M, Cotter PD, O’Connor PM, Chen R, Morrissey JP, Dobson ADW, O’Gara F, Barbosa TM. Subtilomycin: a new lantibiotic from Bacillus subtilis strain MMA7 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1878-98. [PMID: 23736764 PMCID: PMC3721211 DOI: 10.3390/md11061878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are attracting increased attention as an alternative to classic antibiotics in the fight against infectious disease and multidrug resistant pathogens. Bacillus subtilis strain MMA7 isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans displays a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, which includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, as well as several pathogenic Candida species. This activity is in part associated with a newly identified lantibiotic, herein named as subtilomycin. The proposed biosynthetic cluster is composed of six genes, including protein-coding genes for LanB-like dehydratase and LanC-like cyclase modification enzymes, characteristic of the class I lantibiotics. The subtilomycin biosynthetic cluster in B. subtilis strain MMA7 is found in place of the sporulation killing factor (skf) operon, reported in many B. subtilis isolates and involved in a bacterial cannibalistic behaviour intended to delay sporulation. The presence of the subtilomycin biosynthetic cluster appears to be widespread amongst B. subtilis strains isolated from different shallow and deep water marine sponges. Subtilomycin possesses several desirable industrial and pharmaceutical physicochemical properties, including activity over a wide pH range, thermal resistance and water solubility. Additionally, the production of the lantibiotic subtilomycin could be a desirable property should B. subtilis strain MMA7 be employed as a probiotic in aquaculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Phelan
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (R.W.P.); (M.B.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.W.D.)
- Biomerit Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Matthieu Barret
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (R.W.P.); (M.B.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.W.D.)
- Biomerit Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (P.D.C.); (P.M.O.)
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M. O’Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (P.D.C.); (P.M.O.)
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail:
| | - John P. Morrissey
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (R.W.P.); (M.B.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.W.D.)
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (R.W.P.); (M.B.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.W.D.)
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal O’Gara
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (R.W.P.); (M.B.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.W.D.)
- Biomerit Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.M.B.); (F.O.); Tel.: +353-21-4901792 (T.M.B.); +353-21-4902646 (F.O.); Fax: +353-21-4901656 (T.M.B.); +353-21-4275934 (F.O.)
| | - Teresa M. Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mails: (R.W.P.); (M.B.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.W.D.)
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.M.B.); (F.O.); Tel.: +353-21-4901792 (T.M.B.); +353-21-4902646 (F.O.); Fax: +353-21-4901656 (T.M.B.); +353-21-4275934 (F.O.)
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48
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Structure, function, and biology of the Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:895-911. [PMID: 23628786 PMCID: PMC3709268 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal member of the gut microbiota of a wide range of organisms. With the advent of antibiotic therapy, it has emerged as a multidrug resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen. Highly virulent strains of E. faecalis express a pore-forming exotoxin, called cytolysin, which lyses both bacterial and eukaryotic cells in response to quorum signals. Originally described in the 1930s, the cytolysin is a member of a large class of lanthionine-containing bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. While the cytolysin shares some core features with other lantibiotics, it possesses unique characteristics as well. The current understanding of cytolysin biosynthesis, structure/function relationships, and contribution to the biology of E. faecalis are reviewed, and opportunities for using emerging technologies to advance this understanding are discussed.
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Campion A, Casey PG, Field D, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. In vivo activity of nisin A and nisin V against Listeria monocytogenes in mice. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:23. [PMID: 23374279 PMCID: PMC3616995 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lantibiotics are post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides, of which nisin A is the most extensively studied example. Bioengineering of nisin A has resulted in the generation of derivatives with increased in vitro potency against Gram-positive bacteria. Of these, nisin V (containing a Met21Val change) is noteworthy by virtue of exhibiting enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against a wide range of clinical and food-borne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes. However, this increased potency has not been tested in vivo. RESULTS Here we address this issue by assessing the ability of nisin A and nisin V to control a bioluminescent strain of Listeria monocytogenes EGDe in a murine infection model.More specifically, Balb/c mice were infected via the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 1 × 10(5) cfu/animal and subsequently treated intraperitoneally with either nisin V, nisin A or a PBS control. Bioimaging of the mice was carried out on day 3 of the trial. Animals were then sacrificed and levels of infection were quantified in the liver and spleen. CONCLUSION This analysis revealed that nisin V was more effective than Nisin A with respect to controlling infection and therefore merits further investigation with a view to potential chemotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Campion
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pat G Casey
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Field
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Cai M, Stankova M, Muthu D, Mayorov A, Yang Z, Trivedi D, Cabello C, Hruby VJ. An unusual conformation of γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues leads to a selective human melanocortin 1 receptor antagonist for targeting melanoma cells. Biochemistry 2013; 52:752-64. [PMID: 23276279 PMCID: PMC3641192 DOI: 10.1021/bi300723f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-MSH (γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, H-Tyr-Val-Met-Gly-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Asp-Arg-Phe-Gly-OH), with its exquisite specificity and potency, has recently created much excitement as a drug lead. However, this peptide is like most peptides susceptible to proteolysis in vivo, which potentially decreases its beneficial activities. In our continued effort to design a proteolytically stable ligand with specific receptor binding, we have engineered peptides by cyclizing γ-MSH using a thioether bridge. A number of novel cyclic truncated γ-MSH analogues were designed and synthesized, in which a thioether bridge was incorporated between a cysteine side chain and an N-terminal bromoacyl group. One of these peptides, cyclo-[(CH(2))(3)CO-Gly(1)-His(2)-D-Phe(3)-Arg(4)-D-Trp(5)-Cys(S-)(6)]-Asp(7)-Arg(8)-Phe(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2), demonstrated potent antagonist activity and receptor selectivity for the human melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R) (IC(50) = 17 nM). This novel peptide is the most selective antagonist for the hMC1R to date. Further pharmacological studies have shown that this peptide can specifically target melanoma cells. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of this peptide in a membrane-like environment revealed a new turn structure, specific to the hMC1R antagonist, at the C-terminus, where the side chain and backbone conformation of D-Trp(5) and Phe(9) of the peptide contribute to hMC1R selectivity. Cyclization strategies represent an approach for stabilizing bioactive peptides while keeping their full potencies and should boost applications of peptide-based drugs in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | | | - Dhanasekaran Muthu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Alexander Mayorov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Zhehui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Devendra Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Christopher Cabello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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