1
|
Schwartz (Berkaeva) MB, Pankova TE, Demakov SA. ADF1 and BEAF-32 chromatin proteins affect nucleosome positioning and DNA decompaction in 61C7/C8 interband region of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of interphase chromosomes is a multi-level process in which DNA is compacted several thousandfold by association with histones and non-histone proteins. The first step of compaction includes the formation of nucleosomes – the basic repeating units of chromatin. Further packaging occurs due to DNA binding to histone H1 and non-histone proteins involved in enhancer-promoter and insulator interactions. Under these conditions, the genome retains its functionality due to the dynamic and uneven DNA compaction along the chromatin fiber. Since the DNA compaction level affects the transcription activity of a certain genomic region, it is important to understand the interplay between the factors acting at different levels of the packaging process. Drosophila polytene chromosomes are an excellent model system for studying the molecular mechanisms that determine DNA compaction degree. The unevenness of DNA packaging along the chromatin fiber is easily observed along these chromosomes due to their large size and specific banding pattern. The purpose of this study was to figure out the role of two non-histone regulatory proteins, ADF1 and BEAF-32, in the DNA packaging process from nucleosome positioning to the establishment of the final chromosome structure. We studied the impact of mutations that affect ADF1 and BEAF-32 binding sites on the formation of 61C7/C8 interband – one of the decompacted regions of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. We show that such mutations led to the collapse of an interband, which was accompanied with increased nucleosome stability. We also find that ADF1 and BEAF-32 binding sites are essential for the rescue of lethality caused by the null allele of bantam microRNA gene located in the region 61C7/C8.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wamiq G, Khan JA. Overexpression of ghr-miR166b generates resistance against Bemisia tabaci infestation in Gossypium hirsutum plants. PLANTA 2018; 247:1175-1189. [PMID: 29397416 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In silico identified Gossypium hirsutum ghr-miR166b shows multi-compatible targets in mitochondrial ATP synthase of Bemisia tabaci. Its overexpression in planta has the potential to act as a biopesticide in reducing B. tabaci population, and consequently the spread of whitefly-transmitted plant viruses. Whiteflies (B. tabaci) are hemipterous insects that act as a vector to transmit plant viruses causing enormous losses to the plants. In the present study, G. hirsutum-encoded miRNAs targeting expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of B. tabaci, based on sequence complimentarity and miRNA-target mRNA thermodynamics, were in silico identified. Out of 108 G. hirsutum miRNAs, 55 targeted the protein encoding ESTs. Among them, ghr-miR166b was selected owing to its intrinsic affinity for ATP synthase. Its functional role was validated following expression of ghr-MIR166b (precursor) sequence in G. hirsutum cv. HS6 plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Total of seven independent transformed (T0) G. hirsutum lines were obtained. The transcript level of ghr-MIR166b in the transgenic lines was observed to be 2.0- to 17-fold higher as compared to non-transformed plants. Northern-blot analysis of small RNAs isolated from the transgenic plants confirmed the presence of the ghr-miR166b. After feeding on the leaves of transgenic line (HS6-166-30) having highest level of ghr-miR166b expression, B. tabaci population was reduced up to 91% as compared to non-transformed leaves. Further, in the whole plant assay, a maximum of 78% B. tabaci mortality was observed in the same line, while there was an increase in B. tabaci population on the non-transformed plants. Our results revealed that ghr-miR166b supposedly targeting ATP synthase gene of B. tabaci, and subsequently its overexpression in planta has potential to act as biopesticide for reducing B. tabaci population and consequently spread of whitefly transmitted viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gazal Wamiq
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jawaid A Khan
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garcia JF, Carbone MA, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH. Regulation of Drosophila Lifespan by bellwether Promoter Alleles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4109. [PMID: 28646164 PMCID: PMC5482829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity varies among individuals, but how natural genetic variation contributes to variation in lifespan is poorly understood. Drosophila melanogaster presents an advantageous model system to explore the genetic underpinnings of longevity, since its generation time is brief and both the genetic background and rearing environment can be precisely controlled. The bellwether (blw) gene encodes the α subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Since metabolic rate may influence lifespan, we investigated whether alternative haplotypes in the blw promoter affect lifespan when expressed in a co-isogenic background. We amplified 521 bp upstream promoter sequences containing alternative haplotypes and assessed promoter activity both in vitro and in vivo using a luciferase reporter system. The AG haplotype showed significantly greater expression of luciferase than the GT haplotype. We then overexpressed a blw cDNA construct driven by either the AG or GT haplotype promoter in transgenic flies and showed that the AG haplotype also results in greater blw cDNA expression and a significant decrease in lifespan relative to the GT promoter haplotype, in male flies only. Thus, our results show that naturally occurring regulatory variants of blw affect lifespan in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Frankenberg Garcia
- Program in Genetics, W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mary Anna Carbone
- Program in Genetics, W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Program in Genetics, W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert R H Anholt
- Program in Genetics, W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Bao C, Liang S, Zhang L, Fu H, Wang Y, Wang K, Li C, Deng M, Liao Q, Ni J, Cui D. HAI-178 antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and simultaneous therapy of gastric cancer. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:274. [PMID: 24948895 PMCID: PMC4052287 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of safe and highly effective nanoprobes for targeted imaging and simultaneous therapy of in vivo gastric cancer is a great challenge. Herein we reported for the first time that anti-α-subunit of ATP synthase antibody, HAI-178 monoclonal antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles, was successfully used for targeted imaging and simultaneous therapy of in vivo gastric cancer. A total of 172 specimens of gastric cancer tissues were collected, and the expression of α-subunit of ATP synthase in gastric cancer tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry method. Fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and conjugated with HAI-178 monoclonal antibody, and the resultant HAI-178 antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (HAI-178-FMNPs) were co-incubated with gastric cancer MGC803 cells and gastric mucous GES-1 cells. Gastric cancer-bearing nude mice models were established, were injected with prepared HAI-178-FMNPs via tail vein, and were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging and small animal fluorescent imaging system. The results showed that the α-subunit of ATP synthase exhibited high expression in 94.7% of the gastric cancer tissues. The prepared HAI-178-FMNPs could target actively MGC803 cells, realized fluorescent imaging and magnetic resonance imaging of in vivo gastric cancer, and actively inhibited growth of gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, HAI-178 antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles have a great potential in applications such as targeted imaging and simultaneous therapy of in vivo early gastric cancer cells in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Bao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Liang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 71004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhen Hospital, Shanghai 20001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Deng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiande Liao
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ni
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Research Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li A, Denlinger DL. Rapid cold hardening elicits changes in brain protein profiles of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 17:565-572. [PMID: 18828842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cold hardening (RCH) refers to the enhanced cold tolerance acquired by a brief exposure to a moderately low temperature. Although ecological aspects of this response have been well documented in insects, less is known about the physiological and biochemical mechanisms elicited by RCH. In this study we used two-dimensional electrophoresis to detect differences in brain protein abundance in pharate adults of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis, in response to a 2 h RCH exposure at 0 degrees C. Fourteen high abundance proteins that responded to RCH were selected for mass spectrometric identification. Three proteins that increased in abundance during RCH included ATP synthase subunit alpha, a small heat shock protein (smHsp), and tropomyosin-1 isoforms 33/34. Eleven proteins that decreased in abundance or were missing following RCH included several proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein degradation, transcription, actin binding, and cytoskeleton organization. That several proteins increased in abundance during RCH underscores the dynamics of the RCH mechanism and suggests that more than one physiological response likely contribute to RCH. The increase in ATP synthase suggests an elevation of ATP during RCH, and the smHsp increase suggests that at least one of the Hsps is actually mobilized during RCH, rather than after RCH as previously assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Li
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Colinet H, Nguyen TTA, Cloutier C, Michaud D, Hance T. Proteomic profiling of a parasitic wasp exposed to constant and fluctuating cold exposure. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 37:1177-1188. [PMID: 17916504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
When insects are exposed to fluctuating thermal regimes (FTRs) (i.e., cold exposure alternating with periodic short pulses to high temperature), in contrast to constant low temperature (CLT), mortality due to accumulation of chill injuries is markedly reduced. To investigate the physiological processes behind the positive impact of FTR, based on a holistic approach, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis were performed with the parasitic wasp Aphidius colemani. Parasitoid proteomes revealed 369 well-distinguishable protein spots, where the overall response to cold exposure was clearly specific to treatments (CLT versus FTR). The reduced mortality under FTR was associated with up-regulation of several proteins playing key roles in energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, synthesis and conversion of ATP), protein chaperoning (Hsp70/Hsp90), and protein degradation (proteasome). Our results also support the idea that cytoskeleton components, particularly actin arrangement, could play a role in the higher survival rates of insects under FTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Colinet
- Unité d'Ecologie et de Biogéographie, Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maxwell PH, Belote JM, Levis RW. Identification of multiple transcription initiation, polyadenylation, and splice sites in the Drosophila melanogaster TART family of telomeric retrotransposons. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:5498-507. [PMID: 17020919 PMCID: PMC1636488 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons TART and HeT-A specifically retrotranspose to chromosome ends to maintain Drosophila telomeric DNA. Relatively little is known, though, about the regulation of their expression and their retrotransposition to telomeres. We have used rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to identify multiple transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites for sense and antisense transcripts of three subfamilies of TART elements in Drosophila melanogaster. These results are consistent with the production of an array of TART transcripts. In contrast to other Drosophila non-LTR elements, a major initiation site for sense transcripts was mapped near the 3′ end of the TART 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR), rather than at the start of the 5′-UTR. A sequence overlapping this sense start site contains a good match to an initiator consensus for the transcription start sites of Drosophila LTR retrotransposons. Interestingly, analysis of 5′ RACE products for antisense transcripts and the GenBank EST database revealed that TART antisense transcripts contain multiple introns. Our results highlight differences between transcription of TART and of other Drosophila non-LTR elements and they provide a foundation for testing the relationship between exceptional aspects of TART transcription and TART's specialized role at telomeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Maxwell
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 130 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|