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Nowak J, Gennermann K, Persson S, Nikoloski Z. CytoSeg 2.0: automated extraction of actin filaments. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2950-2951. [PMID: 31971582 PMCID: PMC7203740 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Actin filaments (AFs) are dynamic structures that substantially change their organization over time. The dynamic behavior and the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio during live-cell imaging have rendered the quantification of the actin organization a difficult task. RESULTS We developed an automated image-based framework that extracts AFs from fluorescence microscopy images and represents them as networks, which are automatically analyzed to identify and compare biologically relevant features. Although the source code is freely available, we have now implemented the framework into a graphical user interface that can be installed as a Fiji plugin, thus enabling easy access by the research community. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION CytoSeg 2.0 is open-source software under the GPL and is available on Github: https://github.com/jnowak90/CytoSeg2.0. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nowak
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kristin Gennermann
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Li CX, Xu ZG, Dong RQ, Chang SX, Wang LZ, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Tao JM. An RNA-Seq Analysis of Grape Plantlets Grown in vitro Reveals Different Responses to Blue, Green, Red LED Light, and White Fluorescent Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:78. [PMID: 28197159 PMCID: PMC5281588 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and physiological behaviors of "Manicure Finger" grape plantlets grown in vitro under white, blue, green, and red light. A total of 670, 1601, and 746 DEGs were identified in plants exposed to blue, green, and red light, respectively, compared to the control (white light). By comparing the gene expression patterns with the growth and physiological responses of the grape plantlets, we were able to link the responses of the plants to light of different spectral wavelengths and the expression of particular sets of genes. Exposure to red and green light primarily triggered responses associated with the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), such as enhanced elongation of stems, reduced investment in leaf growth, and decreased chlorophyll levels accompanied by the expression of genes encoding histone H3, auxin repressed protein, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase, the ELIP protein, and microtubule proteins. Furthermore, specific light treatments were associated with the expression of a large number of genes, including those involved in the glucan metabolic pathway and the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways; these genes were up/down-regulated in ways that may explain the increase in the starch, sucrose, and total sugar contents in the plants. Moreover, the enhanced root growth and up-regulation of the expression of defense genes accompanied with SAS after exposure to red and green light may be related to the addition of 30 g/L sucrose to the culture medium of plantlets grown in vitro. In contrast, blue light induced the up-regulation of genes related to microtubules, serine carboxypeptidase, chlorophyll synthesis, and sugar degradation and the down-regulation of auxin-repressed protein as well as a large number of resistance-related genes that may promote leaf growth, improve chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development, increase the ratio of chlorophyll a (chla)/chlorophyll b (chlb), and decrease the ratio of carbohydrates to proteins in plants. Although exposure to red and green light seems to impose "shade stress" on the plantlets, growth under blue light is comparable to growth observed under white or broad-spectrum light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Rui-Qi Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Xin Chang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesDanzhou, China
| | - Lian-Zhen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaian, China
| | | | - Jian-Min Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Simmonds
- Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. M. Rutten
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld NL-6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M. Kroh
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld NL-6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - B. Knuiman
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld NL-6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Emons AMC, Wolters-Arts AMC, Traas JA, Derksen J. The effect of colchicine on microtubules and microfibrils in root hairs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1990.tb01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. C. Emons
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - A. M. C. Wolters-Arts
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Traas
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J. Derksen
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Kengen HMP, Derksen J. Organization of microtubules and microfilaments in protoplasts from suspension cells ofNicotiana plumbaginifolia: a quantitative analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. P. Kengen
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J. Derksen
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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DERKSEN JAN, RUTTEN TWAN, VAN AMSTEL TON, DE WIN ANNA, DORIS FIONA, STEER MARTIN. Regulation of pollen tube growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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XUHAN X, VAN LAMMEREN AAM. The ultrastructure of seed coat development inRanunculus sceleratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno M, Swierczyńska J, Bohdanowicz J. Embryogenesis in Sedum acre L.: structural and immunocytochemical aspects of suspensor development. PROTOPLASMA 2011; 248:775-84. [PMID: 21116664 PMCID: PMC3206189 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the formation of both the actin and the microtubular cytoskeleton during the differentiation of the embryo-suspensor in Sedum acre were studied in comparison with the development of the embryo-proper. The presence and distribution of the cytoskeletal elements were examined ultrastructurally and with the light microscope using immunolabelling and rhodamine-phalloidin staining. At the globular stage of embryo development extensive array of actin filaments is present in the cytoplasm of basal cell, the microfilament bundles generally run parallel to the long axis of basal cell and pass in close to the nucleus. Microtubules form irregular bundles in the cytoplasm of the basal cell. A strongly fluorescent densely packed microtubules are present in the cytoplasmic layer adjacent to the wall separating the basal cell from the first layer of the chalazal suspensor cells. At the heart-stage of embryo development, in the basal cell, extremely dense arrays of actin materials are located near the micropylar and chalazal end of the cell. At this stage of basal cell formation, numerous actin filaments congregate around the nucleus. In the fully differentiated basal cell and micropylar haustorium, the tubulin cytoskeleton forms a dense prominent network composed of numerous cross-linked filaments. In the distal region of the basal cell, a distinct microtubular cytoskeleton with numerous microtubules is observed in the cytoplasmic layer adjacent to the wall, separating the basal cell from the first layer of the chalazal suspensor cells. The role of cytoskeleton during the development of the suspensor in S. acre is discussed.
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Rasmussen O, Bondar RL, Baggerud C. Development of plant protoplasts during the IML-1 mission. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1994; 14:189-196. [PMID: 11537917 DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the 8 day IML-1 mission, regeneration of cell walls and cell divisions in rapeseed protoplasts were studied using the Biorack microscope onboard the Space Shuttle "Discovery". Samples from microgravity and 1g protoplast cultures were loaded on microscope slides. Visual microscopic observations were reported by the payload specialist Roberta Bondar, by down-link video transmission and by use of a microscope camera. Protoplasts grown under microgravity conditions do regenerate cell walls but to a lesser extent than under 1g. Cell divisions are delayed under microgravity. Few cell aggregates with maximum 4-6 cells per aggregate are formed under microgravity conditions, indicating that microgravity may have a profound influence on plant cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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Cytoskeleton and Cytoplasmic Organization of Pollen and Pollen Tubes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Satiat-Jeunemaitre B. Spatial and temporal regulations in helicoidal extracellular matrices: comparison between plant and animal systems. Tissue Cell 1992; 24:315-34. [PMID: 1636171 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(92)90049-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes an overview of the last few years' investigations regarding the helicoid formation in extracellular matrices (ECMs). Despite the architectural polymorphism displayed among the layered ECM throughout the living kingdom, helicoidal structures are often described in ECMs and appear as an optimal mechanical device. Helicoids correspond to complex two-phases composites, formation and regulation of which are still a source of debate. Taking the time-event into consideration, it is clear that helicoid in ECMs are regulable structures. On the other hand, analogies with helicoidal formations in cholesteric liquid crystals strongly support the hypothesis of involvement of self-assembly processes. Therefore the balance between self-assemblies and cell regulation is questioned. By gathering animal and plant data on the topic and by analysing the characteristics of these helicoids in ECMs, it is clear that cells have the necessary machinery to interfere with the self-assembly processes in response to physiological or mechanical mechanisms. They are able to modify the physicochemical conditions outside the plasma membrane, therefore acting on the pattern of self-assembly. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain sudden variations occurring in the helicoidal formation with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Satiat-Jeunemaitre
- C.N.R.S., Laboratoire des Biomembranes et Surfaces Cellulaires Végétales, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
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Organization, Composition, and Function of the Generative Cell and Sperm Cytoskeleton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Orientation of Cortical Microtubules in Interphase Plant Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Abstract
In the last few years the role of pollen and the pollen tube in the fertilization process in higher plants has received considerable attention. By ultrastructural, biochemical and immunofluorescent investigations it has been shown that a cytoskeletal apparatus plays a central role in pollen tube growth. Microfilaments and microtubules, in which main components are, respectively, actin and tubulin, represent the most investigated cytoskeletal components. New information has been recently provided by the identification of myosin and also of a kinesin-like protein. The pollen tube cytoskeleton consists of two different cytoskeletal systems: the vegetative cell cytoskeleton, namely the cytoskeleton of the pollen grain and pollen tube, and the gamete cytoskeleton (generative cell and sperm cell cytoskeleton). The vegetative cell cytoskeleton plays a fundamental role in assuring the cytoplasmic movement of organelles, vesicles and gametes from the pollen grain to the pollen tube apex and consists mainly of microtubules and microfilaments. Also myosin and the kinesin-like protein are involved in the process of organelle and vesicle movement. The gamete cytoskeleton has a central role in sperm cell formation and in the reshaping process during gamete movement inside the pollen tube. It consists mostly of microtubules and partially characterized microtubule-associated structures. Actin filaments have recently also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiezzi
- Dipartimento Biologia Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
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