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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Li Y. Plant rejuvenation: from phenotypes to mechanisms. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1249-1262. [PMID: 32780162 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant rejuvenation refers to the reversal of the adult phase in plants and the recovery of part or all of juvenile plant characteristics. The growth and reproductive vitality of plants can be increased after rejuvenation. In recent years, research has successfully reversed the development clock in plants by certain methods; created rejuvenated plants and revealed the basic rules of plant morphology, physiology and reproduction. Here, we reconstitute the changes at the morphological and macromolecular levels, including those in RNA, phytohormones and DNA, during plant rejuvenation. In addition, the characteristics of plant phase changes that can be used as references for plant rejuvenation are also summarized. We further propose possible mechanisms for plant rejuvenation, methods for reversing plant development and problems that should be avoided. Overall, this study highlights the physiological and molecular events involved in plant rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory For Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory For Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory For Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Niu L, Yu J, Liao W, Yu J, Zhang M, Dawuda MM. Calcium and Calmodulin Are Involved in Nitric Oxide-Induced Adventitious Rooting of Cucumber under Simulated Osmotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1684. [PMID: 29021804 PMCID: PMC5623940 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is a major form of abiotic stress that adversely affects growth and development of plants and subsequently reduces yield and quality of crops. In this study, the effect of nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca2+) on the process of adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under simulated osmotic stress was investigated. The results revealed that the effect of exogenous NO and Ca2+ in promoting the development of adventitious roots in cucumber seedlings under simulated osmotic stress was dose-dependent, with a maximal biological response at 10 μM NO donor nitroprusside (SNP) or 200 μM Ca2+. The application of Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitors and calmodulin (CaM) antagonists significantly reversed NO-induced adventitious rooting, implying that endogenous Ca2+/CaM might be involved in NO-induced adventitious rooting under osmotic stress. Moreover, intracellular Ca amount was also increased by NO in cucumber hypocotyls during the development of adventitious roots under osmotic stress. This increase of endogenous Ca2+ was inhibited by NO specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl) -4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO), nitrate reductase inhibitors tungstate (Na2WO4) and sodium azide (NaN3). This gives an indication that Ca2+ might be a downstream signaling molecule in the adventitious root development by NO under osmotic condition. The results also show that NO or Ca2+ play a positive role in improving plant water status and photosynthetic system by increasing chlorophyll content and photochemical activity in leaves. Furthermore, NO and Ca2+ treatment might alleviate the negative effects of osmotic stress by decreasing membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Therefore, Ca2+/CaM may act as a downstream signaling molecule in NO-induced development of adventitious root under simulated osmotic stress through improving the photosynthetic performance of leaves and activating antioxidative system in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohammed M. Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Gupta P, Jain M, Sarangthem J, Gadre R. Inhibition of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by mercury in excised greening maize leaf segments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013. [PMID: 23191957 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), a potent metallic toxicant, is known for having inhibitory effect on chlorophyll biosynthesis. In vivo supply of HgCl(2) inhibited 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD, EC 4.2.1.24) activity in excised greening maize (Zea mays) leaf segments. The inhibition caused by Hg was alleviated by addition of KNO(3). Amongst the nutrients and metabolites tested, NH(4)Cl and sucrose increased the inhibitory effect of Hg on enzyme activity, while glutamine and glutathione decreased it. The inhibitors, levulinic acid and 5,5' dithio bis 2-nitrobenzoic acid, also reduced the % inhibition of enzyme activity caused by Hg supply. In vitro inclusion of Hg during assay of the enzyme preparations obtained from the tissue treated without Hg (-Hg enzyme) and with Hg (+Hg enzyme) caused the inhibition of -Hg enzyme but activation of +Hg enzyme. Almost similar trend was observed for the in vitro inclusion of Hg in the presence of levulinic acid. It is suggested that two forms of enzyme exist in Hg-treated tissue, i.e. the usual Mg dependent form and an unusual Hg modified form. Kinetic studies for the two enzymes, -Hg enzyme and +Hg enzyme, involving the effect of varying concentrations of δ-aminolevulinic acid yielded distinct apparent K(m) and apparent V(max) values being 532 μM and 118 units g(-1) fr. wt., respectively, for -Hg enzyme and 347 μM and 52 units g(-1) fr. wt., respectively, for +Hg enzyme indicating that +Hg enzyme has higher affinity for δ-aminolevulinic acid but lower activity as compared to the -Hg enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452 017, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Shao J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Yu G, Peng X, Li R. Elucidating the toxicity targets of β-ionone on photosynthetic system of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 (Cyanobacteria). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 104:48-55. [PMID: 21543049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the potential targets of toxicity of β-ionone on the photosynthetic system of Microcystis aeruginosa, the polyphasic rise in chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence transient and transcript expression for key genes in photosystem II (PSII) of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 were studied. The EC₅₀ value of β-ionone on M. aeruginosa NIES-843 was found to be 21.23±1.87 mg/L. It was shown that β-Ionone stress can lead to a decrease in pigment content of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 cells, and that carotenoids were more sensitive to β-ionone stress than Chl a. The normalized Chl a fluorescence transients were slightly decreased at 6.67 and 10 mg/L β-ionone, but significantly increased at 15, 22.5 and 33.75 mg/L. There was no significant variation on transcript expression of psbA and psbO at a concentration of 6.67 mg/L β-ionone, but they were down-regulated at 22.5 mg/L. Ultrastructural examination by transmission electron microscopy indicated that the thylakoids were distorted, and the thylakoid membrane stacks began to collapse when M. aeruginosa NIES-843 was exposed to β-ionone at a concentration of 22.5 and 33.75 mg/L. Our results indicate that the reaction centre of PS II and the electron transport at the acceptor side of PS II are the targets responsible for the toxicity of β-ionone on the PS II of M. aeruginosa NIES-843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Shao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Chang IF, Chen PJ, Shen CH, Hsieh TJ, Hsu YW, Huang BL, Kuo CI, Chen YT, Chu HA, Yeh KW, Huang LC. Proteomic profiling of proteins associated with the rejuvenation of Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:64. [PMID: 21143964 PMCID: PMC3022872 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Restoration of rooting competence is important for rejuvenation in Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl and is achieved by repeatedly grafting Sequoia shoots after 16 and 30 years of cultivation in vitro. Results Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis revealed three proteins that differentially accumulated in different rejuvenation stages, including oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEE2), glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (RNP), and a thaumatin-like protein. OEE2 was found to be phosphorylated and a phosphopeptide (YEDNFDGNSNVSVMVpTPpTDK) was identified. Specifically, the protein levels of OEE2 increased as a result of grafting and displayed a higher abundance in plants during the juvenile and rejuvenated stages. Additionally, SsOEE2 displayed the highest expression levels in Sequoia shoots during the juvenile stage and less expression during the adult stage. The expression levels also steadily increased during grafting. Conclusion Our results indicate a positive correlation between the gene and protein expression patterns of SsOEE2 and the rejuvenation process, suggesting that this gene is involved in the rejuvenation of Sequoia sempervirens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Feng Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Shen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Bau-Lian Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-An Chu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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