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Du B, Kruse J, Winkler JB, Alfarraj S, Albasher G, Schnitzler JP, Ache P, Hedrich R, Rennenberg H. Metabolic responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves to drought differ in summer and winter climate. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1685-1700. [PMID: 33607652 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively impacts growth and productivity of plants, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Although drought events can take place in summer and winter, differences in the impact of drought on physiological processes between seasons are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate metabolic strategies of date palms in response to drought in summer and winter season. To identify such differences, we exposed date palm seedlings to a drought-recovery regime, both in simulated summer and winter climate. Leaf hydration, carbon discrimination (${\Delta}$13C), and primary and secondary metabolite composition and contents were analyzed. Depending on season, drought differently affected physiological and biochemical traits of the leaves. In summer, drought induced significantly decreased leaf hydration, concentrations of ascorbate, most sugars, primary and secondary organic acids, as well as phenolic compounds, while thiol, amino acid, raffinose and individual fatty acid contents were increased compared with well-watered plants. In winter, drought had no effect on leaf hydration, ascorbate and fatty acids contents, but resulted in increased foliar thiol and amino acid levels as observed in summer. Compared with winter, foliar traits of plants exposed to drought in summer only partly recovered after re-watering. Memory effects on water relations, and primary and secondary metabolites seem to prepare foliar traits of date palms for repeated drought events in summer. Apparently, a well-orchestrated metabolic network, including the anti-oxidative system, compatible solutes accumulation and osmotic adjustment, and maintenance of cell-membrane stability strongly reduces the susceptibility of date palms to drought. These mechanisms of drought compensation may be more frequently required in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, 621000 Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Kruse
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joerg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing,China
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Vio-Michaelis S, Feucht W, Gómez M, Hadersdorfer J, Treutter D, Schwab W. Histochemical Analysis of Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, and Flavan-3-ols/Proanthocyanidins in Prunus domestica L. Fruits during Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2880-2890. [PMID: 31603670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the high variability of fruit properties in the European plum Prunus domestica, a histochemical analysis of fruits at different stages of development was performed to understand the ripening process in cv. 'Colora' (yellow-red skinned) and cv. 'Topfive' (purple skinned). Histological analysis showed that carotenoids in the fruit had two different origins. In the fruit flesh, they derived from chloroplasts that turned into chromoplasts, whereas carotenoids in the fruit skin derived probably from proplastids. Flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins showed differential localization during ripening. They were visible in the vacuole in different fruit tissues or organized in tannosomes in the fruit flesh. Tanninoplasts were observed only in hypodermal cells of 'Colora'. Toward maturity, anthocyanins were detected in the epidermis and later in the hypodermis of both cultivars. The study forms a basis for the analysis of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in European plums and their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mouradov A, Spangenberg G. Flavonoids: a metabolic network mediating plants adaptation to their real estate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:620. [PMID: 25426130 PMCID: PMC4226159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
From an evolutionary perspective, the emergence of the sophisticated chemical scaffolds of flavonoid molecules represents a key step in the colonization of Earth's terrestrial environment by vascular plants nearly 500 million years ago. The subsequent evolution of flavonoids through recruitment and modification of ancestors involved in primary metabolism has allowed vascular plants to cope with pathogen invasion and damaging UV light. The functional properties of flavonoids as a unique combination of different classes of compounds vary significantly depending on the demands of their local real estate. Apart from geographical location, the composition of flavonoids is largely dependent on the plant species, their developmental stage, tissue type, subcellular localization, and key ecological influences of both biotic and abiotic origin. Molecular and metabolic cross-talk between flavonoid and other pathways as a result of the re-direction of intermediate molecules have been well investigated. This metabolic plasticity is a key factor in plant adaptive strength and is of paramount importance for early land plants adaptation to their local ecosystems. In human and animal health the biological and pharmacological activities of flavonoids have been investigated in great depth and have shown a wide range of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties. In this paper we review the application of advanced gene technologies for targeted reprogramming of the flavonoid pathway in plants to understand its molecular functions and explore opportunities for major improvements in forage plants enhancing animal health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidyn Mouradov
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - German Spangenberg
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscienceBundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University – AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscienceBundoora, VIC, Australia
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