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Rosalia L, Wang SX, Ozturk C, Huang W, Bonnemain J, Beatty R, Duffy GP, Nguyen CT, Roche ET. Soft robotic platform for progressive and reversible aortic constriction in a small-animal model. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eadj9769. [PMID: 38865476 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adj9769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of cardiac remodeling processes due to left ventricular pressure overload derives largely from animal models of aortic banding. However, these studies fail to enable control over both disease progression and reversal, hindering their clinical relevance. Here, we describe a method for progressive and reversible aortic banding based on an implantable expandable actuator that can be finely tuned to modulate aortic banding and debanding in a rat model. Through catheterization, imaging, and histologic studies, we demonstrate that our platform can recapitulate the hemodynamic and structural changes associated with pressure overload in a controllable manner. We leveraged soft robotics to enable noninvasive aortic debanding, demonstrating that these changes can be partly reversed because of cessation of the biomechanical stimulus. By recapitulating longitudinal disease progression and reversibility, this animal model could elucidate fundamental mechanisms of cardiac remodeling and optimize timing of intervention for pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rosalia
- Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard University - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sophie X Wang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Caglar Ozturk
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Koch Institute For Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jean Bonnemain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Beatty
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Christopher T Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ellen T Roche
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Sánchez-Solís CN, Hernández-Fragoso H, Aburto-Luna V, Olivier CB, Diaz A, Brambila E, Treviño S. Kidney Adaptations Prevent Loss of Trace Elements in Wistar Rats with Early Metabolic Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1941-1953. [PMID: 32789645 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of related metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for chronic kidney disease that carries to loss of essential micronutrients, which accelerates comorbidity apparition. The work aimed was to evaluate the trace element homeostasis regarding morphological adaptations and renal function in MetS early-onset. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (a) control group and (b) hypercaloric diet group that developed MetS early-onset after 3 months. Classical zoometric parameters do not show changes; however, biochemical modifications were observed such as hyperglycemia, protein glycation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. MetS early-onset group observed renal structural modifications, but no functional changes. The structural modifications observed were minimal glomerular injury, glomerular basement membrane thickening, as well as mesangial and tubular cells that showed growth and proliferation. In serum and kidney (cortex and medulla), the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Mn, Cu, Co, and Ni were no differences between the experimental groups, but excretory fractions of these were lower in the hypercaloric diet group. In conclusion, MetS early-onset coexist renal structural modification and a hyperreabsorptive activity of essential trace elements that avoid its loss; thus, the excretory fraction of oligo-elements could be used a biomarker of early renal injury caused by metabolic diseases in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Neftaly Sánchez-Solís
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hugo Hernández-Fragoso
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Violeta Aburto-Luna
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Christophe Barbier Olivier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Químico Clínicas, Departamento de Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur. FCQ1, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P.72560, Puebla, Mexico.
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3
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Alkhalil A, Day A, Monger KW, Zhang J, Carney BC, Hoffman HN, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW. Hydroconductive and silver-impregnated foam dressings: a comparison. J Wound Care 2019; 26:S15-S22. [PMID: 28704172 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.sup7.s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the number of commercially available wound dressings is increasing rapidly, it is important for clinicians to understand the strengths and limitations of each and to recognise relationships between wound type and dressing properties to obtain optimal healing results. Our aim is to test the antimicrobial activity of two dressings. METHOD A hydroconductive (HC) dressing and a silver-impregnated foam (SIF) dressing were compared for their potential to reduce the levels meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We also assessed MRSA-derived biologically active components in liquid or agar matrices, simplified models for heavily exuding or dry wounds respectively, and in an in vivo animal model with MRSA infected wounds. RESULTS In the agar model (dry wounds) both dressings showed a strong reduction in MRSA activities within 24 hours post-application. The antibacterial effects of the SIF dressing were more pronounced in the liquid model, however, at an increasing cytotoxic cost. In agreement with these in vitro results, assessment of dressings using an MRSA-infected wound in an rat model showed a decrease in MRSA which was significant 7 days post-burn and inoculation, with more compromised viability of MRSA. Dressings showed a similar capability to reduced and eliminate toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) at day 7 post-burn in the animal model but not at day 4, where the SIF dressing was more potent Conclusion: These results confirm the advantages of using silver in reducing bacterial load in wound treatment, except for conditions of highly exuding wounds where the cytotoxic properties of silver may offset these advantages and HC dressing use is more suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alkhalil
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - A Day
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - K W Monger
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - J Zhang
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - B C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - H N Hoffman
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - L T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US
| | - J W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, US.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, US
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López-López V, Lynn PB, Gil J, García-Salom M, Gil E, González A, Muñoz IP, Cascales-Campos PA. Effect of Paclitaxel-based Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) on colonic anastomosis in a rat model. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:505-511. [PMID: 30229392 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel has been used frequently for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for ovarian carcinomatosis. Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC are associated with high rates of morbidity being anastomotic dehiscence one of the most frequent. The objective of this study is to quantify the effect of Paclitaxel-based HIPEC on colonic anastomosis in an experimental rat model. METHODS After left colon resection and anastomosis, animals were randomized into four groups: Controls (C); Hyperthermia (H); Normothermic Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel (CP) and Paclitaxel-based HIPEC (HP). On postoperative day four, animals' peritoneal cavities were examined macroscopically, colon anastomosis burst pressures measured and specimens analyzed histologically. RESULTS Thirty-nine animals were randomized and 36 were included in the analysis. H group presented the highest burst pressure 105.11 ± 22.9 mmHg, which was 27% higher than C (77.89 ± 27.6 mmHg). On the other hand, HP presented the lowest burst pressure 64 ± 26 mmHg, 16% lower than C group and 39% lower than H, being this latter difference statistically significant (p = 0.004). There were no significant differences regarding weight loss, adhesion scores, perianastomotic abscesses and histological findings (inflammation, fibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, and collagen among groups). CONCLUSION Strength of colonic anastomosis was improved by isolated hyperthermia and negatively affected by Paclitaxel-based HIPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V López-López
- Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital, General Surgery, IMIB, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - P B Lynn
- Surgery Department, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Gil
- Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital, General Surgery, IMIB, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - M García-Salom
- Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital, General Surgery, IMIB, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Gil
- Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital, General Surgery, IMIB, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - A González
- Gerencia del Area de Salud III (Lorca), Murcia, Spain
| | - I P Muñoz
- Hospital Virgen del Castillo (Yecla), Murcia, Spain
| | - P A Cascales-Campos
- Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital, General Surgery, IMIB, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Goss KN, Kumari S, Tetri LH, Barton G, Braun RK, Hacker TA, Eldridge MW. Postnatal Hyperoxia Exposure Durably Impairs Right Ventricular Function and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:609-619. [PMID: 28129517 PMCID: PMC5449491 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0256oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prematurity complicates 12% of births, and young adults with a history of prematurity are at risk to develop right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and impairment. The long-term risk for pulmonary vascular disease, as well as mechanisms of RV dysfunction and ventricular-vascular uncoupling after prematurity, remain poorly defined. Using an established model of prematurity-related lung disease, pups from timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to normoxia or hyperoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.85) exposure for the first 14 days of life. After aging to 1 year in standard conditions, rats underwent hemodynamic assessment followed by tissue harvest for biochemical and histological evaluation. Aged hyperoxia-exposed rats developed significantly greater RV hypertrophy, associated with a 40% increase in RV systolic pressures. Although cardiac index was similar, hyperoxia-exposed rats demonstrated a reduced RV ejection fraction and significant RV-pulmonary vascular uncoupling. Hyperoxia-exposed RV cardiomyocytes demonstrated evidence of mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial DNA damage, suggesting potential mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of RV dysfunction. Aged rats exposed to postnatal hyperoxia recapitulate many features of young adults born prematurely, including increased RV hypertrophy and decreased RV ejection fraction. Our data suggest that postnatal hyperoxia exposure results in mitochondrial dysregulation that persists into adulthood with eventual RV dysfunction. Further evaluation of long-term mitochondrial function is warranted in both animal models of premature lung disease and in human adults who were born preterm.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Autophagy
- Body Weight
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Hemodynamics
- Hyperoxia/complications
- Hyperoxia/diagnostic imaging
- Hyperoxia/metabolism
- Hyperoxia/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Organ Size
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ventricular Function, Right
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara N. Goss
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Santosh Kumari
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Laura H. Tetri
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics
- Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Greg Barton
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics
- Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Rudolf K. Braun
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics
- Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Timothy A. Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marlowe W. Eldridge
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics
- Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and
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6
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Buz A, Görgülü T, Olgun A, Kargi E. Efficacy of glutathione mesotherapy in burns: an experimental study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 42:775-783. [PMID: 26614529 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal burns are the leading cause of trauma worldwide. Currently, no consensus on optimal treatment of deep partial-thickness (second-degree) burns has emerged, as reflected by the wide variability in available wound-care materials. The relative efficacies of products used for treatment of partial-thickness thermal burns remain unclear. Mesotherapy features intradermal administration of various agents, depending on burn location. In the present experimental study, we explored the efficacy of mesotherapy used to treat partial-thickness thermal burns in 50 male Wistar rats divided into five groups of equal number. No procedure was performed after infliction of thermal burns in control group (Group 1). Mesotherapy was applied with physiological saline in sham group (Group 2), glutathione, taurine, and L-carnitine were separately applied in Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesotherapeutic agents were injected intradermally into the reticular layer of the dermis using the point technique. The first course of mesotherapy was given within the first 2 h after infliction of thermal burns, and therapy was continued to day 10. On day 22, unhealed thermal burn areas were measured prior to sacrifice, and biopsies covering the total areas of burns were performed to allow of pathological evaluation. RESULTS Group 3 (the glutathione group) showed the best extent of healing, followed by Group 4 (the taurine group) and Group 5 (the L-carnitine group). The healed thermal burn areas in these groups were significantly greater than those in the control and sham groups (P = 0.001). All of healing, acute and chronic inflammation, the amount of granulation tissue, the level of fibroblast maturation, the amount of collagen, the extent of re-epithelization and neovascularization, and ulcer depth were scored upon pathological examination of tissue cross-sections. The best outcomes were evident in the glutathione group, with statistical significance. Although wound healing in the L-carnitine and taurine groups was better than in the control and sham groups, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Thus, glutathione mesotherapy was effective when used to treat partial-thickness thermal burns and may be a useful treatment option for various human burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buz
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, A blok Kat:3, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - T Görgülü
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, A blok Kat:3, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - A Olgun
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, A blok Kat:3, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - E Kargi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, A blok Kat:3, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Patel BB, Raad M, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE. Sex-specific cardiovascular responses to control or high fat diet feeding in C57bl/6 mice chronically exposed to bisphenol A. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1310-1318. [PMID: 28962473 PMCID: PMC5598525 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased pericardial fat which often accompanies overall obesity is thought to alter cardiac structure/function and increase the risk for atrial fibrillation. We hypothesized that chronic exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) would induce pericardial fat, cardiac hypertrophy or arrhythmia. C57bl/6n dams were exposed to BPA (25 ng/ml drinking water) beginning on gestation day 11 and progeny continued on 2.5 ng BPA/ml drinking water. The progeny of control dams (VEH) and dams treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES, 1 μg/kg/day, gestation days 1114) had tap water. After weaning progeny were fed either a control (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months. Pericardial fat was present in CD-BPA and CD-DES and not CD-VEH mice, and was increased in all HFD mice. Catecholamine challenge revealed no differences in males, but BPA-exposed females had longer P-wave and QRS complex duration. Only CD-BPA and CD-DES females developed cardiac hypertrophy which was independent of increased blood pressure. Calcium homeostasis protein expression changes in HFD-BPA and HFD-DES mice predict reduced SERCA2 activity in males and increased SERCA2 activity in females. Thus, chronic BPA exposure induced pericardial fat in the absence of HFD, and female-specific changes in cardiac hypertrophy development and cardiac electrical conduction after a catecholamine challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavini B Patel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Mohamad Raad
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Igal A Sebag
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lorraine E Chalifour
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 850 Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A2, Canada
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Metabolic response to chronic bisphenol A exposure in C57bl/6n mice. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:522-532. [PMID: 28962266 PMCID: PMC5598494 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal/neonatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) has induced obesity and increased glucose intolerance. We hypothesized that chronic BPA exposure would worsen the obesity and glucose intolerance induced by a high fat diet (HFD). The drinking water of C57bl/6n dams was treated with vehicle (VEH) or BPA (25 ng/ml) from gestation day 11.5 to postnatal day 21. Another group was treated with oral diethylstilbestrol (DES, 1 μg/kg/day) during gestation. Progeny were treated with VEH (VEH and DES groups) or BPA (2.5 ng/ml) in the drinking water and fed either a control diet (CD) or HFD from weaning until euthanasia at 4 months of age. CD-fed mice were similar in size; however HFD-BPA males and HFD-DES mice were smaller than HFD-VEH mice. No CD-fed mice were glucose intolerant. All HFD-fed mice were glucose intolerant. Cholesterol and triglyceride were increased in HFD-VEH mice and HFD-BPA males. Total fat weight and adipocyte area were similar in HFD-VEH and HFD-BPA mice and reduced in HFD-DES mice. HFD-BPA females increased perirenal and reduced gonadal fat weights. Reduced leptin and increased IL-6 in CD-BPA and CD-DES mice were not found in their HFD-cohorts. Adiponectin levels were similar. Thus, although chronic BPA exposure did not increase body size or increase glucose intolerance, it induced an adipokine imbalance in CD-fed mice and sex-specifically altered the lipid response and adipose deposition when fed the HFD.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- BL, body length
- BMI, body mass index
- BPA, bisphenol A
- BSA, body surface area
- BW, body weight
- C57bl/6n mice
- CD, control diet
- Chronic bisphenol A exposure
- DES, diethylstilbestrol
- GD, gestation day
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- Glucose intolerance
- HFD, high fat diet
- High fat diet
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Obesity
- VEH, vehicle
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Zhang Y, Sadgrove MP, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Radionuclide decorporation: matching the biokinetics of actinides by transdermal delivery of pro-chelators. AAPS J 2013; 15:1180-8. [PMID: 23990504 PMCID: PMC3787225 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of nuclear terrorism by the deliberate detonation of a nuclear weapon or radiological dispersion device ("dirty bomb") has made emergency response planning a priority. The only FDA-approved treatments for contamination with isotopes of the transuranic elements Am, Pu, and Cm are the Ca and Zn salts of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). These injectable products are not well suited for use in a mass contamination scenario as they require skilled professionals for their administration and are rapidly cleared from the circulation. To overcome the mismatch in the pharmacokinetics of the DTPA and the biokinetics of these transuranic elements, which are slowly released from contamination sites, the penta-ethyl ester of DTPA (C2E5) was prepared and formulated in a nonaqueous gel for transdermal administration. When gels comprised of 40% C2E5, 40-45% Miglyol® 840, and 15-20% ethyl cellulose were spiked with [(14)C]-C2E5 and applied to rat skin; over 60% of the applied dose was absorbed within a 24-h period. Radioactivity was observed in urinary and fecal excretions for over 3 days after removal of the gel. Using an (241)Am wound contamination model, transdermal C2E5 gels were able to enhance total body elimination and reduce the liver and skeletal burden of (241)Am in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy achieved by a single 1,000 mg/kg dose to contaminated rats was statistically comparable to intravenous Ca-DTPA at 14 mg/kg. The effectiveness of this treatment, favorable sustained release profile of pro-chelators, and ease of administration support its use following radiological emergencies and for its inclusion in the Strategic National Stockpile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Matthew P. Sadgrove
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
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Haddad R, Kasneci A, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE. Cardiac structure/function, protein expression, and DNA methylation are changed in adult female mice exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:741-9. [PMID: 23984849 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of in utero exposure to the non-steroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) are particularly marked in women. Fetal hearts express estrogen receptors, making them potentially responsive to DES. To examine whether gestational exposure to DES would impact the heart, we exposed pregnant C57bl/6n dams to DES (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1)) on gestation days 11.5-14.5, and examined the measured cardiac structure/function and calcium homeostasis protein expression in adult females. At baseline, echocardiography revealed eccentric hypertrophy in mice treated with 10.0 μg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1) DES, and immunoblots showed increased SERCA2a in all DES-treated mice. Mice were swim-trained to assess cardiac remodeling. Swim-trained vehicle-treated mice developed eccentric hypertrophy without changing SERCA2 or calsequestrin 2 expression. In contrast, no DES-treated mice hypertrophied, and all increased in SERCA2a and calsequestrin 2 expression after training. To determine whether DES-induced changes in DNA methylation is part of the mechanism for its long-term effects, we measured DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA methylation. Global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase 3a expression were unchanged. However, DES-treated mice had increased DNA methylation in the calsequestrin 2 promoter. Thus, gestational exposure to DES altered female ventricular DNA, cardiac structure/function, and calcium homeostasis protein expression. We conclude that gestational exposure to estrogenizing compounds may impact cardiac structure/function in adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Haddad
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Haddad R, Kasneci A, Mepham K, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE. Gestational exposure to diethylstilbestrol alters cardiac structure/function, protein expression and DNA methylation in adult male mice progeny. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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