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Cao Z, Yi L, Liu X, Shang J, Cheng Y, Feng E, Liu X, Fan Y, Hu X, Cai W, Cong F, Cheng S. Rapid lateral flow immunoassay for fluorescence detection of canine distemper virus (CDV). Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1413420. [PMID: 38919159 PMCID: PMC11197456 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1413420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious and potentially lethal virus that affects dogs and other members of the Canidae family, including wolves, foxes, and coyotes. Here, we present a fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (FLFA) platform for the detection of CDV, which utilizes fluorescent microspheres - fusion protein monoclonal antibody (mAb)-labeled monoclonal antibody. The assay detected CDV within 5 min, with a detection limit threshold of 3 × 102 TCID50/mL. Notably, the assay demonstrated no cross-reactivity with canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, canine adenovirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, or feline parvovirus. Field and clinical applicability of the assay was evaluated using 63 field samples, including 30 canine fecal samples, 18 swab samples, and 15 blood samples. The coincidence rate between the detection results of clinical samples obtained through FLFA and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was 96.83%. Thus, this assay offers a significant advancement for the rapid diagnosis of CDV at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Cao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Yi
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Shang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Erkai Feng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yuping Fan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Hu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China
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ZHANG S, WANG C, MENG K, LIU J. Recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) designed for rapid detection of canine distemper virus. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:584-591. [PMID: 38462524 PMCID: PMC11144539 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was combined with the colloidal gold lateral flow dipstick (LFD) method to establish a new, stable, and efficient assay for the detection of canine distemper virus (CDV). We designed a set of specific primers labeled with biotin and a specific probe labeled with dSpacer and C3 spacer, according to the conserved region in the N-terminal gene sequence of CDV. The reaction conditions and systems were then optimized, and the sensitivity and specificity were analyzed for potential clinical application. The results showed that the RPA-LFD assay for CDV detection was successfully established. We also found that the temperature in a closed fist (35°C) is optimal for the RPA reaction. The optimal ratio of primer to probe was 2:1. The minimum detection limit of the RPA-LFD assay was 1 × 101 the median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/mL. Using this assay with samples from experimentally infected dogs, CDV was detected in nasal secretions, eye secretions, and blood on the fourth day post infection. In summary, this novel RPA-LFD assay for CDV detection is simple to use, and preliminary findings indicate its high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan ZHANG
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyu WANG
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Keyin MENG
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jun LIU
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Muritala I, Bemji MN, Ozoje MO, Ajayi OL, Oluwayinka EB, Sonibare AO, James IJ, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Comparative study of HA and HNB staining RT-LAMP assays for peste des petits ruminants virus detection in West African Dwarf goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:356. [PMID: 37821730 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) cause severe economic losses to many countries of the world where the disease is endemic. It has been targeted for global eradication by 2030 following the successful eradication of rinderpest in 2011. The proposed eradication program would benefit from efficient and relatively reliable diagnostic tools for early PPR virus (PPRV) detection. A total of 33 eight to 12 months old West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were used. Nineteen goats infected by commingling with two PPR virus-positive animals formed the infected group (PPRV-infected goats) while 14 non-infected goats formed the control group (CTG). The suitability of hydroxyl naphthol blue (HNB) staining of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and haemagglutination (HA) assays was compared for their sensitivity to detect the PPRV in PPRV-infected goats and non-infected CTG. PPR disease severity in WAD goats at different days post infection (dpi) was evaluated by clinical scoring and haemagglutination titre (HAT). HNB staining RT-LAMP reaction and HA showed sensitivities of 100% and 73.68%, respectively, for PPRV detection. Expression of PPR clinical signs began from 3 dpi, attained peak at 5 dpi, thereafter showed irregular patterns till 24 dpi. Evaluation of HAT in PPRV-infected goats at 12 dpi ranged from 2 to 64 haemagglutination units (HAU), while CTG goats had 0 HAU. In conclusion, HA could be a good tool for rapid diagnosis of PPRV in a developing country setting. However, HNB staining RT-LAMP assay demonstrated high sensitivity for accurate diagnoses of PPRV and as an important diagnostic tool when precise phenotyping is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Muritala
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Martha N Bemji
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Michael O Ozoje
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola L Ajayi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Eniope B Oluwayinka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adekayode O Sonibare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu J James
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Kim JM, Kim HR, Baek JS, Kwon OK, Kang HE, Shin YK, Park CK. Simple and Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5 ( Orthorubulavirus mammalis) Using a Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay. Pathogens 2023; 12:921. [PMID: 37513767 PMCID: PMC10384626 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its many advantages, a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay has yet to be developed for canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV5). In this study, a visual RT-LAMP (vRT-LAMP) assay was developed for the rapid detection of CPIV5 in clinical samples. At a constant reaction temperature of 62 °C, the assay was completed within 40 min, and the results could be directly detected with the naked eye using a hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) metal indicator without any additional detection apparatuses. The assay specifically amplified CPIV5 RNA with a limit of detection of 10 RNA copies/reaction, which was 10-fold more sensitive than the previously reported conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) assay and was comparable to the previously reported real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. In a clinical evaluation using 267 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from hospitalized dogs with respiratory symptoms, the CPIV5 detection rate using the vRT-LAMP assay was 5.24% (14/267), which was higher than that of the cRT-PCR assay (4.49%, 12/267) and consistent with that of the qRT-PCR assay, demonstrating 100% concordance with a kappa coefficient value (95% confidence interval) of 1 (1.00-1.00). The discrepancies in the results of the assays were confirmed to be attributed to the low sensitivity of the cRT-PCR assay. Owing to the advantages of a high specificity, rapidity, and simplicity, the developed vRT-LAMP assay using an HNB metal indicator will be a valuable diagnostic tool for the detection of CPIV5 in canine clinical samples, even in resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu 41519, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Kyu Kwon
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Kyung Shin
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Mousafarkhani F, Sarchahi AA, Mohebalian H, Khoshnegah J, Arbabi M. Prevalence of canine distemper in dogs referred to Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:153-160. [PMID: 37033774 PMCID: PMC10073810 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.541661.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. Epidemiological study of canine distemper can help to control and treat the disease in any area. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CDV in dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital from September 23, 2018 to September 22, 2019. Dogs with at least two clinical signs of canine distemper underwent blood tests, rapid test kit from the eye and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and RT-PCR from whole blood and/or CSF samples. Out of 1212 referred dogs, 112 dogs were suspected to have canine distemper of which 90 underwent RT-PCR and rapid test kits. The disease prevalence was 4.04% (49/1212) and 7.44% (49/659) according to the total number of referring dogs and number of referring sick dogs, respectively. The distemper fatality rate was 69.57% (32/46). Seventy percent of distemper positive cases were under 12 months old and 52.08% were under 6 months old. Female dogs were more susceptible than males; however, the fatality rate of males was more than females. Of distemper positive dogs, 91.84% were unvaccinated. The highest prevalence (71.43%) of dogs diagnosed with CDV occurred during the cold seasons. It is concluded that canine distemper is endemic in the geographical area of Mashhad and its prevalence rate in dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad is 4.04% and its fatality rate is 69.57%. This indicates that a significant number of dogs may die if they develop distemper despite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mousafarkhani
- DVM Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Ali Asghar Sarchahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
- Correspondence: Ali Asghar Sarchahi. DVM, PhD Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran E-mail:
| | - Hadi Mohebalian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Javad Khoshnegah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Arbabi
- DVM Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
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Karki M, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Canine morbillivirus (CDV): a review on current status, emergence and the diagnostics. Virusdisease 2022; 33:309-321. [PMID: 36039286 PMCID: PMC9403230 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing host range of canine morbillivirus (CDV) affecting important wildlife species such as Lions, Leopard, and Red Pandas has raised the concern. Canine distemper is a pathogen of dogs affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Seventeen lineages of CDV are reported, and the eighteenth lineage was proposed in 2019 from India. Marked genomic differences in the genome of wild-type virus and vaccine strain are also reported.The variations at the epitope level can be differentiated using specific monoclonal antibodies in neutralization tests. Keeping in mind the current status of the emergence of CDV, genetic and molecular study of circulating strains of the specific geographical region are the essential components of the disease control strategy. New target-based diagnostics and vaccines are in need to counter the effects of the emerging virus population. Control of CDV is necessary to save the endangered, vulnerable, and many other wildlife species to maintain balance in the ecological system. This review provides an overview on emergence reported in CDV, diagnostics developed till today, and a perspective on the disease control strategy, keeping wildlife in consideration.
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Mansour KA, Hasso SA. Molecular Detection of Canine Distemper Virus in Dogs in Baghdad Province, Iraq. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v45i2.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is an infectious disease that affects dogs and is extremely contagious and lethal, with a high mortality and morbidity rates. It infects a broad variety of animals, including primates, cetaceans, and carnivores causing a multi-systemic pathological condition. This study aimed to detect canine distemper virus (CDV) in blood samples of dogs clinically suspected with distemper at the Baghdad Veterinary Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. CDV nucleoprotein gene (N) was detected in the whole blood of 46 dogs using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The partially amplified (591 bp) fragment of the N gene was detected in 12 of 46 (26%) blood samples of dogs examined. Based on the partial sequencing data of the N gene, three local isolates might be similar to the NCBI-BLAST reference CDV virus isolates FJ977579.1 China, AF378705.1 USA, and AF305419.1 UK, while other strains EU072200.1 Hungary, AF164967.1 Switzerland, KU578257.1 Germany, and AB474397.1 Japan were found to be rather distinct. The isolates displayed a higher level of similarity with the Snyder Hill CDV strain and Onderstepoort CDV strain. There was less homology with the CDV strain A75/17 of Switzerland and 007Lm CDV strain of Japan. In conclusion, this study confirmed that CDV infection is present in domestic dogs in Iraq. This may indicate a risk of the disease spreading to parts of the country that may be disease-free.
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Huang P, Yu Y, Meng X, Wang T, Yan F, Li E, Shi Z, He H, Yang S, Xia X, Wang J, Feng N. Development of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid and visual detection of canine distemper virus infecting giant panda. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:172. [PMID: 33892731 PMCID: PMC8063184 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus that exhibits a high mutation rate and continuously expands the range of hosts. Notably, CDV has infected giant panda with spill over from viral reservoirs in canines. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), especially captive pandas, are known to be susceptible to natural infection with CDV. The high fatality rate of CDV poses a serious threat to the safety of the giant panda population. However, vaccines or drugs for canine distemper in giant pandas have not been developed to date. Therefore, a rapid test that can achieve accurate onsite detection of CDV is important to enable the timely implementation of control measures. In this study, we established a nucleic acid visualization assay for targeting the CDV N gene by using combines reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification with a closed vertical flow visualization strip (RT-RPA-VF). Results The RT-RPA-VF assay does not require sophisticated equipment, and it was determined to provide rapid detection at 35 °C for 30 min, while the limit of detection was 5 × 101 copies/μl RNA transcripts and 100.5 TCID50 ml− 1 viruses. The results showed that the assay was high specific to CDV and had no cross-reactivity with other viruses infecting the giant panda. Compared with RT-qPCR, RT-RPA-VF assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% in 29 clinical samples. The coincidence rate between RT-RPA-VF and RT-qPCR was 100% (kappa = 1), indicating that the RT-RPA-VF assay possessed good diagnostic performance on clinical samples. Conclusions The RT-RPA-VF provides a novel alternative for the simple, sensitive, and specific identification of CDV and showed great potential for point of care diagnostics for captive and wild giant panda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianyong Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhikang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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Mahapatra M, Howson E, Fowler V, Batten C, Flannery J, Selvaraj M, Parida S. Rapid Detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) Nucleic Acid Using a Novel Low-Cost Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay for Future Use in Nascent PPR Eradication Programme. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080699. [PMID: 31370329 PMCID: PMC6723471 DOI: 10.3390/v11080699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease of small ruminants caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), and is endemic in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Effective control combines the application of early warning systems, accurate laboratory diagnosis and reporting, animal movement restrictions, suitable vaccination and surveillance programs, and the coordination of all these measures by efficient veterinary services. Molecular assays, including conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) have improved the sensitivity and rapidity of diagnosing PPR. However, currently these assays are only performed within laboratory settings; therefore, the development of field diagnostics for PPR would improve the fast implementation of control policies, particularly when PPR has been targeted to be eradicated by 2030. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are simple to use, rapid, and have sensitivity and specificity within the range of RT-qPCR; and can be performed in the field using disposable consumables and portable equipment. This study describes the development of a novel RT-LAMP assay for the detection of PPRV nucleic acid by targeting the N-protein gene. The RT-LAMP assay was evaluated using cell culture propagated PPRVs, field samples from clinically infected animals and samples from experimentally infected animals encompassing all four lineages (I-IV) of PPRV. The test displayed 100% concordance with RT-qPCR when considering an RT-qPCR cut-off value of CT >40. Further, the RT-LAMP assay was evaluated using experimental and outbreak samples without prior RNA extraction making it more time and cost-effective. This assay provides a solution for a pen-side, rapid and inexpensive PPR diagnostic for use in the field in nascent PPR eradication programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Emma Howson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Veronica Fowler
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - John Flannery
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
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da Costa VG, Saivish MV, Rodrigues RL, de Lima Silva RF, Moreli ML, Krüger RH. Molecular and serological surveys of canine distemper virus: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217594. [PMID: 31141576 PMCID: PMC6541297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus, CDV) persists as a serious threat to the health of domestic dogs and wildlife. Although studies have been conducted on the frequency and risk factors associated with CDV infection, there are no comprehensive data on the current epidemiological magnitude in the domestic dog population at regional and national levels. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study and included our results in a meta-analysis to summarize and combine available data on the frequency and potential risk factors associated with CDV infection. METHODS For the cross-sectional study, biological samples from dogs suspected to have canine distemper (CD) were collected and screened for viral RNA. Briefly, the PRISMA protocol was used for the meta-analysis, and data analyses were performed using STATA IC 13.1 software. RESULTS CDV RNA was detected in 34% (48/141) of dogs suspected to have CD. Following our meta-analysis, 53 studies were selected for a total of 11,527 dogs. Overall, the pooled frequency of CDV positivity based on molecular and serological results were 33% (95% CI: 23-43) and 46% (95% CI: 36-57), respectively. The pooled subgroup analyses of clinical signs, types of biological samples, diagnostic methods and dog lifestyle had a wide range of CDV positivity (range 8-75%). Free-ranging dogs (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.97), dogs >24 months old (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.1-3) and unvaccinated dogs (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.26-6.77) were found to be positively associated with CDV infection. In contrast, dogs <12 months old (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.64) and dogs with a complete anti-CDV vaccination (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.59) had a negative association. CONCLUSION Considering the high frequency of CDV positivity associated with almost all the variables analyzed in dogs, it is necessary to immediately and continuously plan mitigation strategies to reduce the CDV prevalence, especially in determined endemic localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marielena Vogel Saivish
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Roger Luiz Rodrigues
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lázaro Moreli
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Krüger
- Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Evaluation of an incubation instrument-free reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid and point-of-need detection of canine distemper virus. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:56-61. [PMID: 30009850 PMCID: PMC7113680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Visual, rapid molecular assay for detection of CDV was developed. Assay is based on RT-RPA and use of a lateral flow strip to visualize product. Assay was performed in closed fists using body heat for 15 min. Assay analytical sensitivity and specificity was similar to a real-time RT-PCR. Assay was demonstrated to be simple, convenient, rapid and reliable for detection of CDV.
Canine distemper, caused by Canine distemper virus (CDV), is a highly contagious and fatal systemic disease in free-living and captive carnivores worldwide. Accurate, rapid and simple detection of CDV is critical to improve disease management and prevent outbreaks. In this study, a visible and incubation instrument-free reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with lateral flow strip (LFS RT-RPA) was developed to detect CDV using primers and lateral flow (LF) probe specific for the nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The CDV LFS RT-RPA assay was performed in a closed fist using body heat for 15 min, and the products were visible to the naked eyes on the LFS within 5 min. The assay could detect CDV, and there was no cross-reaction with the other viruses tested. Using the in vitro transcribed CDV RNA as template, the analytical sensitivity was 9.4 × 101 copies per reaction, which was the same result as that of a real-time RT-PCR. The assay performance was further evaluated by testing 32 nasal/oropharyngeal swab samples, and CDV RNA positive rate was 62.0% (20/32) by LFS RT-RPA, which was the same result as that of the real-time RT-PCR assay. The performance of the LFS RT-RPA was comparable to real-time RT-PCR, while the LFS RT-RPA assay was much faster and easier to perform. The novel CDV LFS RT-RPA assay provides an attractive and promising tool for rapid and reliable detection of CDV in the underequipped laboratory and point-of-need facility, which is of great significance in CD control in low resource settings.
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Sun YL, Yen CH, Tu CF. Immunocapture loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for the detection of canine parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:94-101. [PMID: 28834737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was used for rapid canine parvovirus (CPV) diagnosis. To reduce the time required and increase the sensitivity of the assay, an immunocapture (IC) technique was developed in this study to exclude the DNA extraction step in molecular diagnostic procedures for CPV. A polyclonal rabbit anti-CPV serum was produced against VP2-EpC that was cloned via DNA recombination. The polyclonal anti-VP2-EpC serum was used for virus capture to prepare microtubes. IC-LAMP was performed to amplify a specific CPV target gene sequence from the CPV viral particles that were captured on the microtubes, and the amplicons were analyzed using agarose electrophoresis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-LAMP-ELISA) and lateral-flow dipstick (IC-LAMP-LFD). The detection sensitivities of IC-LAMP, IC-LAMP-ELISA, and IC-LAMP-LFD were 10-1, 10-1, and 10-1 TCID50/mL, respectively. Using the IC-LAMP-ELISA and IC-LAMP-LFD assays, the complete CPV diagnostic process can be achieved within 1.5h. Both of the developed IC-LAMP-based assays are simple, direct visual and efficient techniques that are applicable to the detection of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Aquatic Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, No. 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chon-Ho Yen
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wang J, Wang J, Li R, Liu L, Yuan W. Rapid and sensitive detection of canine distemper virus by real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:241. [PMID: 28810858 PMCID: PMC5558738 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine distemper, caused by Canine distemper virus (CDV), is a highly contagious and fatal systemic disease in free-living and captive carnivores worldwide. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), as an isothermal gene amplification technique, has been explored for the molecular detection of diverse pathogens. METHODS A real-time reverse transcription RPA (RT-RPA) assay for the detection of canine distemper virus (CDV) using primers and exo probe targeting the CDV nucleocapsid protein gene was developed. A series of other viruses were tested by the RT-RPA.Thirty-two field samples were further tested by RT-RPA, and the resuts were compared with those obtained by the real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The RT-RPA assay was performed successfully at 40 °C, and the results were obtained within 3 min-12 min. The assay could detect CDV, but did not show cross-detection of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV), demonstrating high specificity. The analytical sensitivity of RT-RPA was 31.8 copies in vitro transcribed CDV RNA, which is 10 times lower than the real-time RT-PCR. The assay performance was validated by testing 32 field samples and compared to real-time RT-PCR. The results indicated an excellent correlation between RT-RPA and a reference real-time RT-PCR method. Both assays provided the same results, and R2 value of the positive results was 0.947. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the RT-RPA assay offers an alternative tool for simple, rapid, and reliable detection of CDV both in the laboratory and point-of-care facility, especially in the resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No.38 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No.38 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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Liu DF, Liu CG, Tian J, Jiang YT, Zhang XZ, Chai HL, Yang TK, Yin XC, Zhang HY, Liu M, Hua YP, Qu LD. Establishment of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of canine distemper virus infected and vaccinated animals. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:102-6. [PMID: 25769803 PMCID: PMC7106007 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel RT-LAMP method was developed to detect canine distemper virus (CDV). A set of four primers were designed to target the H gene for the specific detection of wild-type CDV variants. The assay was 100-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR. The system showed a preference for wild-type CDV, and exhibited less sensitivity to CPV.
Although widespread vaccination against canine distemper virus (CDV) has been conducted for many decades, several canine distemper outbreaks in vaccinated animals have been reported frequently. In order to detect and differentiate the wild-type and vaccine strains of the CDV from the vaccinated animals, a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was developed. A set of four primers—two internal and two external—were designed to target the H gene for the specific detection of wild-type CDV variants. The CDV-H RT-LAMP assay rapidly amplified the target gene, within 60 min, using a water bath held at a constant temperature of 65 °C. The assay was 100-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR, with a detection limit of 10−1 TCID50 ml−1. The system showed a preference for wild-type CDV, and exhibited less sensitivity to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine parainfluenza virus. The assay was validated using 102 clinical samples obtained from vaccinated dog farms, and the results were comparable to a multiplex nested RT-PCR assay. The specific CDV-H RT-LAMP assay provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive tool for the detection of canines infected with wild-type CDV from canines vaccinated with attenuated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Fei Liu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chun-Guo Liu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jin Tian
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yi-Tong Jiang
- Beijing Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao-Zhan Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong-Liang Chai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tian-Kuo Yang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiu-Chen Yin
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Hua
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lian-Dong Qu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
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Comparison of conventional RT-PCR, reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and SYBR green I-based real-time RT-PCR in the rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus nucleotide in contaminated commercial bovine sera batches. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Segawa T, Kobayashi Y, Sase Y, Itou T, Suzuki M, Endoh T, Nakanishi T, Sakai T. Easy-to-use rapid gene amplification method for direct detection of RNA and DNA viruses in sera and feces from various animals. J Virol Methods 2014; 201:31-7. [PMID: 24560780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of rapid and simple gene amplification tests is required for detection of pathogens to prevent transmission of infectious diseases between animals or from animals to humans. An easy-to-use rapid gene amplification method that can directly detect RNA and DNA viruses in clinical samples was developed. This method is based on combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or reverse transcription-LAMP (RT-LAMP) and RNA GEM Tissue, a thermophilic enzyme that extracts nucleic acid by quickly digesting proteins and ribonucleases. The authors named these methods GEM LAMP and GEM RT-LAMP. These methods were able to detect viral DNA and RNA within 70 min in a single tube using only a water bath. The detection capacities were 10-100-fold more sensitive than those of previously established LAMP and RT-LAMP methods. The GEM LAMP and GEM RT-LAMP methods were used to detect macroscopically the presence of DNA and RNA viruses in sera or fecal samples from cattle, pigs, horses, dolphins, penguins, and sea lions using SYBR green I. The GEM LAMP and GEM RT-LAMP methods thus have considerable versatility as tools for detecting pathogens and are applicable to basic human and veterinary medicine, environmental hygiene, and point-of-care-testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Segawa
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yukina Sase
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endoh
- Shinagawa Aquarium, 3-2-1 Katsushima, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0012, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takeo Sakai
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Sun YL, Yen CH, Tu CF. Visual detection of canine parvovirus based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with lateral flow dipstick. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:509-16. [PMID: 24334855 PMCID: PMC4064134 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP) combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAMP–ELISA) and with
lateral flow dipstick (LAMP–LFD) are rapid, sensitive and specific methods for the visual
detection of clinical pathogens. In this study, LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD were developed for
the visual detection of canine parvovirus (CPV). For LAMP, a set of four primers
(biotin-labeled forward inner primers) was designed to specifically amplify a region of
the VP2 gene of CPV. The optimum time and temperature for LAMP were 60 min and 65°C,
respectively. The specific capture oligonucleotide probes, biotin-labeled CPV probe for
LAMP–ELISA and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled CPV probe for LAMP–LFD were also
designed for hybridization with LAMP amplicons on streptavidin-coated wells and LFD
strips, respectively. For the comparison of detection sensitivity, conventional PCR and
LAMP for CPV detection were also performed. The CPV detection limits by PCR, PCR–ELISA,
LAMP, LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD were 102, 102, 10−1,
10−1 and 10−1 TCID50/ml, respectively.
In tests using artificially contaminated dog fecal samples, the samples with CPV
inoculation levels of ≥1 TCID50/ml gave positive results by
both LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD. Our data indicated that both LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD are
promising as rapid, sensitive and specific methods for an efficient diagnosis of CPV
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Diagnosis of brugian filariasis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1948. [PMID: 23272258 PMCID: PMC3521703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we developed and evaluated a Brugia Hha I repeat loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of Brugia genomic DNA. Amplification was detected using turbidity or fluorescence as readouts. Reactions generated a turbidity threshold value or a clear visual positive within 30 minutes using purified genomic DNA equivalent to one microfilaria. Similar results were obtained using DNA isolated from blood samples containing B. malayi microfilariae. Amplification was specific to B. malayi and B. timori, as no turbidity was observed using DNA from the related filarial parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Onchocerca volvulus or Dirofilaria immitis, or from human or mosquito. Furthermore, the assay was most robust using a new strand-displacing DNA polymerase termed Bst 2.0 compared to wild-type Bst DNA polymerase, large fragment. The results indicate that the Brugia Hha I repeat LAMP assay is rapid, sensitive and Brugia-specific with the potential to be developed further as a field tool for diagnosis and mapping of brugian filariasis. Brugian filariasis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease caused by infection with the filarial parasites Brugia malayi or Brugia timori. Adult worms live in the lymphatic system and produce large numbers of microfilariae that predominantly circulate in the blood at night. Bloodsucking mosquitoes spread the disease by ingesting microfilariae that develop into infective stage larvae in the insect. In rural areas, diagnosis still relies largely on microscopic examination of night blood and morphological assessment of stained microfilariae. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a technique that can amplify DNA with high specificity, sensitivity and rapidity under isothermal conditions. The operational simplicity, versatility and low-cost of the technique make it particularly appealing for use in diagnosis and geographical mapping of neglected tropical diseases. In the present study, we have developed and evaluated a Brugia Hha I repeat LAMP assay for the rapid detection of B. malayi and B. timori genomic DNA. The results indicate that the Brugia Hha I repeat LAMP diagnostic assay is sensitive and rapid, detecting a single microfilariae in blood within 30 minutes, and Brugia-specific. The test has the potential to be developed further as a field tool for use in the implementation and management of mass drug administration programs for brugian filariasis.
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Wang J, Cheng S, Yi L, Cheng Y, Yang S, Xu H, Li Z, Shi X, Wu H, Yan X. Detection of mink enteritis virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). J Virol Methods 2012. [PMID: 23183142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was discovered in the last decade but only used for the first time in the diagnosis of mink enteritis virus (MEV) infection in this study. The amplification could be completed within 60 min, under isothermal condition at 65°C, by employing a set of four primers targeting the VP2 gene of MEV. The LAMP was more sensitive than the conventional PCR, with a detection limit of 10(-1) median tissue culture infective doses (TCID(50))/ml per reaction, compared with 10 TCID(50)/ml for PCR analysis. No cross reactivity was observed for other related viruses, including canine distemper virus (CDV) and Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (AMDV). Eighty four of 230 clinical samples were found to be positive for MEV, which is higher than that determined by using the conventional PCR method (68). The results indicate the LAMP can be potentially used to determine MEV as a simple, rapid procedure. This assay would be an available alternative to PCR analysis for the diagnosis of MEV infection in mink, particularly in less well-equipped laboratories and in rural settings where resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
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Mukhopadhyay HK, Amsaveni S, Matta SL, Antony PX, Thanislass J, Pillai RM. Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus DNA directly in faecal specimens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:202-9. [PMID: 22748120 PMCID: PMC7197762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To develop a specific and highly sensitive loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for the rapid detection of canine parvovirus (CPV) DNA directly in suspected faecal samples of dogs by employing a simple method of template preparation. Methods and Results: LAMP reaction was developed by designing two sets of outer and inner primers, which target a total of six distinct regions on VP2 gene of CPV. The template DNA was prepared by a simple boiling and chilling method. Of the 140 faecal samples screened by the developed LAMP and the conventional PCR assays, 104 samples (74·28%) were found positive by LAMP, whereas 81 samples (57·85%) were found positive by PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay was tested by cross‐examination of common pathogens of dogs and further confirmed by sequencing. The detection limit of the LAMP was 0·0001 TCID50 ml−1, whereas the detection limit of the PCR was 1000 TCID50 ml−1. Conclusions: The developed LAMP assay detects CPV DNA in faecal specimens directly within an hour by following a simple and rapid boiling and chilling method of template preparation. The result also shows that the developed LAMP assay is specific and highly sensitive in detecting CPV. Significance and Impact of the Study: The result indicates the potential usefulness of LAMP which is a simple, rapid, specific, highly sensitive and cost‐effective field‐based method for direct detection of CPV from the suspected faecal samples of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Puducherry, India.
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Wang Y, Kang Z, Gao Y, Qin L, Chen L, Wang Q, Li J, Gao H, Qi X, Lin H, Wang X. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup A. J Virol Methods 2011; 173:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection and discrimination of infectious bursal disease virus. Virol J 2011; 8:108. [PMID: 21385415 PMCID: PMC3063808 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). It causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry. The objective of this study is to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection and discrimination of IBDV. Results In this study, we applied reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to detect IBDV in one simple step and further identified the very virulent strain from non-vvIBDVs with a simply post-amplification restriction enzyme analysis. Based on sequence analysis, a set of two inner, two outer and two loop primers were designed to target the VP5 gene and they showed great specificity with no cross reaction to the other common avian pathogens. The detection limit determined by both color change inspection and agarose gel electrophoresis was 28 copies viral RNA, which was almost as sensitive as a real-time RT-PCR previous developed in our laboratory. We also identified a unique Tfi I restriction site located exclusively in non-vvIBDVs, so very virulent strain could be distinguished from current vaccine strains. By screening a panel of clinical specimens, results showed that this method is high feasible in clinical settings, and it obtained results 100% correlated with real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion RT-LAMP is a rapid, simple and sensitive assay. In combination with the Tfi I restriction analysis, this method holds great promises not only in laboratory detection and discrimination of IBDV but also in large scale field and clinical studies.
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Saitou Y, Kobayashi Y, Hirano S, Mochizuki N, Itou T, Ito FH, Sakai T. A method for simultaneous detection and identification of Brazilian dog- and vampire bat-related rabies virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Virol Methods 2010; 168:13-7. [PMID: 20403387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
At present, the sporadic occurrence of human rabies in Brazil can be attributed primarily to dog- and vampire bat-related rabies viruses. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was employed as a simultaneous detection method for both rabies field variants within 60 min. Vampire bat-related rabies viruses could be distinguished from dog variants by digesting amplicons of the RT-LAMP reaction using the restriction enzyme AlwI. Amplification and digestion could both be completed within 120 min after RNA extraction. In addition, the RT-LAMP assay also detected rabies virus in isolates from Brazilian frugivorous bats and Ugandan dog, bovine and goat samples. In contrast, there were false negative results from several Brazilian insectivorous bats and all of Chinese dog, pig, and bovine samples using the RT-LAMP assay. This study showed that the RT-LAMP assay is effective for the rapid detection of rabies virus isolates from the primary reservoir in Brazil. Further improvements are necessary so that the RT-LAMP assay can be employed for the universal detection of genetic variants of rabies virus in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Saitou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Thekisoe OMM, Bazie RSB, Coronel-Servian AM, Sugimoto C, Kawazu SI, Inoue N. Stability of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) reagents and its amplification efficiency on crude trypanosome DNA templates. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:471-5. [PMID: 19420851 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the stability of LAMP reagents when stored at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and also assessed its detection efficiency on different DNA template preparations. Accordingly, LAMP using reagents stored at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C amplified DNA of in vitro cultured T. b. brucei (GUTat 3.1) from day 1 to day 15 of reagent storage. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in detection sensitivity of LAMP among the reagents stored at 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C and -20 degrees C (recommended storage temperature). LAMP using the reagents stored at above-mentioned temperatures amplified serially diluted DNAs (genomic DNA extracted by phenol-chloroform method, FTA card and hemolysed blood) of T. b. gambiense (IL2343) with high sensitivity. Reactions were conducted on the reagents stored from 1 day to 30 days. LAMP detection sensitivity was poor when fresh blood as DNA template was added directly into reactive solution. Results of this study demonstrated that LAMP has the potential to be used in field conditions for diagnosis of trypanosome infections without being affected by ambient temperatures of tropical and sub-tropical countries where trypanosomosis is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriel M M Thekisoe
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
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Zhang Q, Shi C, Huang J, Jia K, Chen X, Liu H. Rapid diagnosis of turbot reddish body iridovirus in turbot using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Virol Methods 2009; 158:18-23. [PMID: 19187785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) is a new piscine iridovirus that infects the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, cultured in northern China and can cause high mortality. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was developed for the specific detection of this virus using primers designed from an Msp I restriction DNA fragment of the TRBIV genome. Mg(2+) concentrations, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time of LAMP were optimized to 6mM, 65 degrees C, and 60 min, respectively. The detection limit of the LAMP method was as low as seven copies and was 100 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR technique. Visual inspection of LAMP amplifications demonstrated that the positive and negative reactions exhibit distinct and different colors in daylight, which means that gel electrophoresis is not necessary to judge the presence or absence of the virus. LAMP can be conducted in 1h and requires only a simple heating device for incubation. Thus, the LAMP-TRBIV detection protocol has great potential for use in the detection of TRBIV in both the laboratory and the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Parida M, Sannarangaiah S, Dash PK, Rao PVL, Morita K. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a new generation of innovative gene amplification technique; perspectives in clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. Rev Med Virol 2008; 18:407-21. [PMID: 18716992 PMCID: PMC7169140 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a powerful innovative gene amplification technique emerging as a simple rapid diagnostic tool for early detection and identification of microbial diseases. The whole procedure is very simple and rapid wherein the amplification can be completed in less than 1 h under isothermal conditions employing a set of six specially designed primers spanning eight distinct sequences of a target gene, by incubating all the reagents in a single tube. Gene amplification products can be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis as well as by real‐time monitoring in an inexpensive turbidimeter. Gene copy number can also be quantified with the help of a standard curve generated from different concentrations of gene copy number plotted against time of positivity with the help of a real‐time turbidimeter. Alternatively, gene amplification can be visualised by the naked eye either as turbidity or in the form of a colour change when SYBR Green I, a fluorescent dsDNA intercalating dye, is employed. LAMP does not require a thermal cycler and can be performed simply with a heating block and/or water bath. Considering the advantages of rapid amplification, simple operation and easy detection, LAMP has potential applications for clinical diagnosis as well as surveillance of infectious diseases in developing countries without requiring sophisticated equipment or skilled personnel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Parida
- Division of Virology, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, MP, India.
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