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Lozano-Rosas R, Ramos-Garcia R, Salazar-Morales MF, Robles-Águila MJ, Spezzia-Mazzocco T. Evaluation of antifungal activity of visible light-activated doped TiO 2 nanoparticles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:823-837. [PMID: 38568410 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a well-known material for its biomedical applications, among which its implementation as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy has attracted considerable interest due to its photocatalytic properties, biocompatibility, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, the photoactivation of TiO2 requires ultraviolet light, which may lead to cell mutation and consequently cancer. To address these challenges, recent research has focused on the incorporation of metal dopants into the TiO2 lattice to shift the band gap to lower energies by introducing allowed energy states within the band gap, thus ensuring the harnessing of visible light. This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and application of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in their undoped, doped, and co-doped forms for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) against Candida albicans. Blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm was used, with doses ranging from 20 to 60 J/cm2 and an NP concentration of 500 µg/ml. It was observed that doping TiO2 with Cu, Fe, Ag ions, and co-doping Cu:Fe into the TiO2 nanostructure enhanced the visible light photoactivity of TiO2 NPs. Experimental studies were done to investigate the effects of different ions doped into the TiO2 crystal lattice on their structural, optical, morphological, and chemical composition for APDT applications. In particular, Ag-doped TiO2 emerged as the best candidate, achieving 90-100% eradication of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lozano-Rosas
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Departamento de Óptica, Luis Enrique Erro #1 Sta María Tonantzintla, 72840, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rubén Ramos-Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Departamento de Óptica, Luis Enrique Erro #1 Sta María Tonantzintla, 72840, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Mayra F Salazar-Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Departamento de Óptica, Luis Enrique Erro #1 Sta María Tonantzintla, 72840, Puebla, Mexico
| | - María Josefina Robles-Águila
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias, Edificio 105 C, Boulevard 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, C. P. 72570, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Teresita Spezzia-Mazzocco
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Departamento de Óptica, Luis Enrique Erro #1 Sta María Tonantzintla, 72840, Puebla, Mexico.
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Balakrishnan D, Lee CI. Photodynamic impact of curcumin enhanced silver functionalized graphene nanocomposites on Candida virulence. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:71. [PMID: 38683264 PMCID: PMC11058173 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Candida species are escalating resistance to conventional antifungal treatments, intensifying their virulence, and obstructing the effectiveness of antifungal medications. Addressing this challenge is essential for effectively managing Candida infections. The overarching objective is to advance the development of more efficient and precise therapies tailored to counter Candida infections. This study focuses on developing antifungal combined drugs using curcumin-enhanced silver-functionalized graphene nanocomposites (Cur-AgrGO) to effectively target key virulence factors of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata (Candida spp.). The green reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using bioentities and active molecules makes this approach cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. Combining Cur-AgrGO with photodynamic therapy (PDT) demonstrated effective antifungal and antibiofilm activity with delayed growth and metabolism. The nanocomposites effectively suppressed hyphal transition and reduced key virulence factors, including proteinases, phospholipases, ergosterol levels, and cell membrane integrity. The findings suggest that Cur-AgrGO + PDT has potential as a treatment option for Candida infections. This innovative approach holds promise for treating Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Nano Bio-Detections, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Innovative Research On Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
- Advanced Institute of Manufacturing With High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
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de Souto Medeiros MR, da Silva Barros CC, de Macedo Andrade AC, de Lima KC, da Silveira ÉJD. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral erythematous candidiasis: a controlled and randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6471-6482. [PMID: 37718381 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and microbiological efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in patients with erythematous candidiasis (EC). METHODS This study was a controlled and randomized clinical trial in patients diagnosed with EC, who were allocated into a control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) treated with nystatin oral suspension and aPDT with methylene blue 0.1%, respectively. A clinical index was used to classify the EC lesions from mild to severe and assess the treatment efficacy. Microbiological samples were collected before and after aPDT session and analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFUs) of Candida and Staphylococcus sp. RESULTS A total of 41 patients (CG (n = 18); EG (n = 23)) were analyzed in our research. Of these, 16 (94.1%) of the CG and 16 (84.2%) of the EG exhibited complete remission of the lesions. Regarding the degree of the lesion, it was observed that the severe lesions were more difficult to present remission, while all the mild and moderate lesions showed complete regression (p = 0.001). The microbiological analysis showed that Candida albicans and Staphylococcus sp. were the most prevalent microorganisms, and the aPDT group showed a decrease in CFUs of these microorganisms after the first aPDT session (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS aPDT proved to be a clinically and microbiologically effective therapy for treating EC. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; Set 12th, 2019; No. RBR-8w8599. CLINICAL RELEVANCE aPDT is a promising alternative treatment since it presents satisfactory results and does not cause damage to oral tissues or develop resistance to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurília Raquel de Souto Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Caio César da Silva Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia de Macedo Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Kenio Costa de Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
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Ramage G, Borghi E, Rodrigues CF, Kean R, Williams C, Lopez-Ribot J. Our current clinical understanding of Candida biofilms: where are we two decades on? APMIS 2023; 131:636-653. [PMID: 36932821 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinically we have been aware of the concept of Candida biofilms for many decades, though perhaps without the formal designation. Just over 20 years ago the subject emerged on the back of progress made from the bacterial biofilms, and academic progress pace has continued to mirror the bacterial biofilm community, albeit at a decreased volume. It is apparent that Candida species have a considerable capacity to colonize surfaces and interfaces and form tenacious biofilm structures, either alone or in mixed species communities. From the oral cavity, to the respiratory and genitourinary tracts, wounds, or in and around a plethora of biomedical devices, the scope of these infections is vast. These are highly tolerant to antifungal therapies that has a measurable impact on clinical management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overight of our current clinical understanding of where these biofilms cause infections, and we discuss existing and emerging antifungal therapies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Medical School, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Célia Fortuna Rodrigues
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ryan Kean
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Williams
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- Microbiology Department, Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jose Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Biology and the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Qamar Z, Zeeshan T, Alqahtani WMS, Alanazi A, Khalid Aqeel Almejlad N, Ahmed Khan T, Samran A. Modulation of implants PEEK to composite resin shear bond strength and surface roughness on pre-treatment with contemporary air abrasion techniques vs photodynamic therapy vs conventional diamond grit bur. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103689. [PMID: 37414110 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The chief aim of the study was to determine/equate the surface roughness (SRa) and shear bond strength (BS) of pretreated PEEK discs with contemporary air abrasion techniques, photodynamic (PD) therapy by curcumin photosensitizer (PS) and conventional diamond grit straight fissure bur adhered to the composite resin discs. MATERIAL AND METHOD Two hundred discs of PEEK were prepared of 6 mm × 2 mm × 10 mm dimension. The discs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 40) for treatment, Group I: treatment with deionized distilled water (control group); Group II: PD therapy using curcumin PS; Group III: discs treated and abraded with air-borne particles (ABP) silica (30 μm particle size) modified alumina (Al); Group IV: ABP of alumina (110 μm particle size); and Group V: The PEEK were finished with 600-μm grit size straight diamond cutting bur installed in high speed hand-piece. The surface profilometer was used to evaluate the values of surface roughness (SRa) of pretreated PEEK discs. The discs were luted and bonded to discs of composite resin. The bonded PEEK samples were placed in Universal testing machine to evaluate shear BS. The type of BS failure for PEEK discs pre-treated with five regimes respectively was evaluated under stereo-microscope. The data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the comparisons between mean values of shear BS were evaluated by Tukey's test (ρ≤0.05). RESULTS The PEEK samples pre-treated with diamond cutting straight fissure burs displayed statistically significant highest value of SRa values (3.258± 0.785 µm). Similarly, the shear BS was observed to be higher for the PEEK discs pre-treated with straight fissure bur (22.37±0.78 MPa). A comparable difference but not statistically significant difference was observed between PEEK discs pre-treated by curcumin PS and ABP-silica modified alumina (ρ ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION PEEK discs pre-treated with diamond grit straight fissure bur displayed highest values of SRa and shear BS. It was trailed by ABP-Al pre-treated discs; whereas the SRa and shear BS values for the discs pre-treated with ABP-silica modified Al and curcumin PS did not show competitive difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tayyaba Zeeshan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Waleed M S Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Tanveer Ahmed Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Aluloom University, Riyadh, KSA; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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Leferman CE, Stoica L, Tiglis M, Stoica BA, Hancianu M, Ciubotaru AD, Salaru DL, Badescu AC, Bogdanici CM, Ciureanu IA, Ghiciuc CM. Overcoming Drug Resistance in a Clinical C. albicans Strain Using Photoactivated Curcumin as an Adjuvant. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 37627652 PMCID: PMC10451318 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited antifungal drugs available and the rise of multidrug-resistant Candida species have made the efforts to improve antifungal therapies paramount. To this end, our research focused on the effect of a combined treatment between chemical and photodynamic therapy (PDT) towards a fluconazole-resistant clinical Candida albicans strain. The co-treatment of PDT and curcumin in various doses with fluconazole (FLC) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the FLC-resistant hospital strain of C. albicans in both difusimetric and broth microdilution methods. The proliferation of the cells was inhibited in the presence of curcumin at 3.125 µM and FLC at 41 µM concentrations. The possible involvement of oxidative stress was analyzed by adding menadione and glutathione as a prooxidant and antioxidant, respectively. In addition, we examined the photoactivated curcumin effect on efflux pumps, a mechanism often linked to drug resistance. Nile Red accumulation assays were used to evaluate efflux pumps activity through fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry. The results showed that photoactivated curcumin at 3.125 µM inhibited the transport of the fluorescent substrate that cells usually expel, indicating its potential in combating drug resistance. Overall, the findings suggest that curcumin, particularly when combined with PDT, can effectively inhibit the growth of FLC-resistant C. albicans, addressing the challenge of yeast resistance to azole antifungals through upregulating multidrug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Ecaterina Leferman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Specialties II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Stoica
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mirela Tiglis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Stoica
- Department of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Dumitru Ciubotaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Specialties II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Neurology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Aida Corina Badescu
- Department of Microbiology (Bacteriology, Virology) and Parasitology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ioan-Adrian Ciureanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Specialties II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.-E.L.)
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Swapna LA, Alawad AO, Abdullah AlAmri L, Sayed Abdul N, Qamar Z, Vempalli S, Niazi FH. Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in patients with nicotine stomatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103152. [PMID: 36469966 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to treat smoker's palate (SP) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS A total of 24 patients with SP were divided into two groups: group-I (test group; n = 12); and group-II (control group; n = 12). Group-I patients were treated with 5-ALA-mediated PDT, while group-II patients were advised to cease the smoking habit during the entire duration of the study and later. PDT was repeated on days 3, 7, and 14 (i.e., a total of four sittings including day 0 [baseline]). Later, the participants were called for follow-up after week-4 (1st follow-up), week-6 (2nd follow-up), and week-8 (3rd follow-up) after the completion of the treatment. The SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Group-I patients showed a statistically significant improvement when all three time points were assessed (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the same trend was observed in the group-II participants (p < 0.001), however, the difference between both groups (i.e., group-I [test group] and group-II [control group]) was larger. CONCLUSION The findings of this clinical trial indicated a promising and satisfactory decrease in the clinical features of the smoker's palate without any adverse impacts utilizing 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy. Hence, 5-ALA-mediated PDT appeared to be a promising treatment option together with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingam Amara Swapna
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostics Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah O Alawad
- National Center of Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz Center for Science and Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Leena Abdullah AlAmri
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostics Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swetha Vempalli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang M, Gu K, Ding W, Wan M, Zhao W, Shi H, Li J. Antifungal effect of a new photosensitizer derived from BODIPY on Candida albicans biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102946. [PMID: 35660011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized as an alternative treatment of Candida albicans (C. albicans) infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of PDT mediated by a new photosensitizer (PS) derived from BODIPY (BDP-4L) on C. albicans biofilms. METHODS C. albicans biofilms were incubated with BDP-4L of different concentrations and then irradiated at the light doses of 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2 and 9.0 J/cm2. XTT reduction assay was conducted to determine the PS concentration and PDT parameters. Confocal light scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to visualize and quantify the effect of BDP-4L on C. albicans biofilms after PDT. RESULTS C. albicans biofilms were inactivated in light dose-dependent and PS concentration-dependent manners using BDP-4L as PS. Without irradiation, no inactivation effect was observed when PS concentrations varied from 5 μM to 80 μM. 40 μM PS with 3.6 J/cm2 irradiation resulted in a significant reduction of 83.8% in biofilm metabolic activities. CLSM assay demonstrated that cell viability was obviously inhibited by 82.6%. SEM images revealed ruptured and rough cell surface, indicating increased cell membrane permeability after PDT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that BDP-4L mediated PDT exhibited a favorable antifungal effect on C. albicans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Kedan Gu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Science, No.150, Rd. Fucheng, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenxin Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Miyang Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, No.108, Rd. Luxiang, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Jiyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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Souza SO, Raposo BL, Sarmento-Neto JF, Rebouças JS, Macêdo DPC, Figueiredo RCBQ, Santos BS, Freitas AZ, Cabral Filho PE, Ribeiro MS, Fontes A. Photoinactivation of Yeast and Biofilm Communities of Candida albicans Mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ Porphyrin. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060556. [PMID: 35736039 PMCID: PMC9225021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the main cause of superficial candidiasis. While the antifungals available are defied by biofilm formation and resistance emergence, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) arises as an alternative antifungal therapy. The tetracationic metalloporphyrin Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+) has high photoefficiency and improved cellular interactions. We investigated the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a photosensitizer (PS) to photoinactivate yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans strains (ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028) using a blue light-emitting diode. The photoinactivation of yeasts was evaluated by quantifying the colony forming units. The aPDI of ATCC 90028 biofilms was assessed by the MTT assay, propidium iodide (PI) labeling, and scanning electron microscopy. Mammalian cytotoxicity was investigated in Vero cells using MTT assay. The aPDI (4.3 J/cm2) promoted eradication of yeasts at 0.8 and 1.5 µM of PS for ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028, respectively. At 0.8 µM and same light dose, aPDI-treated biofilms showed intense PI labeling, about 89% decrease in the cell viability, and structural alterations with reduced hyphae. No considerable toxicity was observed in mammalian cells. Our results introduce the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a promising PS to photoinactivate both yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans, stimulating studies with other Candida species and resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueden O. Souza
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Bruno L. Raposo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
| | - José F. Sarmento-Neto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.F.S.-N.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Júlio S. Rebouças
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.F.S.-N.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Danielle P. C. Macêdo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (D.P.C.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Regina C. B. Q. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil;
| | - Beate S. Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (D.P.C.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Anderson Z. Freitas
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.F.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Paulo E. Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
| | - Martha S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.F.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (A.F.)
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Tulbah HI. Anticandidal efficacy on Polymide based denture resin using Photodynamic therapy, chemical and herbal disinfectants and their effect on surface roughness and hardness. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tiburcio MA, Rocha AR, Romano RA, Inada NM, Bagnato VS, Carlos RM, Buzzá HH. In vitro evaluation of the cis-[Ru(phen) 2(pPDIp)] 2+⁎⁎ complex for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Sporothrix brasiliensis and Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 229:112414. [PMID: 35276578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) activates a photosensitizer by visible light to generate cytotoxic oxygen species that lead to cell death. With proper illumination, PDT is often used in applications on superficial and sub-surface lesions. Sporotrichosis infection occurs by Sporothrix fungi which causes a skin wound, worsened by Candida albicans infections. This study investigated the photosensitizing efficiency of the Ru(phen)2(pPDIp)(PF6)2 complex, RupPDIp, against S. brasiliensis and C. albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS RupPDIp efficiency against these fungi was tested using 450 nm (blue light and 36 J/cm2) and 525 nm (green light, 25.2 J/cm2) at 0.05-20 μM concentrations. To ensure PDT effectiveness, control groups were tested in the absence and in the presence of RupPDIp under light irradiation and in the dark. RESULTS RupPDIp eliminated both fungi at ≤5.0 μM. Green light showed the best results, eliminating S. brasiliensis and C. albicans colonies at RupPDIp 0.5 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION RupPDIp is a promising photosensitizer in aPDT, eliminating 106 CFU/mL of both fungi at 450 nm and 525 nm, with lower light doses and concentrations when treated with the green light compared to the blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tiburcio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - A R Rocha
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
| | - R A Romano
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N M Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V S Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hagler Fellow, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R M Carlos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
| | - H H Buzzá
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Binhasan M, Alhamdan MM, Al-Aali KA, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Shear bond characteristics and surface roughness of poly-ether-ether ketone treated with contemporary surface treatment regimes bonded to composite resin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102765. [PMID: 35182780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the influence of contemporary surface treatments of air abrasions, sulfuric acid, and Photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the adhesive bonding and surface roughness of Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) bonded to resin composite. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty PEEK (disc-shaped) specimens of 10 mm diameter and 2mm thickness were prepared. Specimens were subjected to the following surface treatments, Control (no treatment), PDT, air abrasion using Alumina particles (110 μm) (AA-AP), Sulfuric acid (SA), and air abrasion using diamond particles (10-20 μm) AA-DP. Surface roughness (Ra) of treated samples were evaluated using surface profilometer. Universal testing machine was used to evaluate shear bond strength after composite resin build-up. Stereomicroscope was utilized for failure analysis of de-bonded samples of all five groups. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to measure means and standard deviations of SBS among studied groups and the means of SBS were paralleled by Tukey multiple comparison tests (p>0.05). RESULTS The highest SBS was observed by 98% SA (19.25 ± 0.68 MPa). While specimen treated with PDT (11.69 ± 0.12 MPa) showed the lowest SBS. PEEK surface, treated with PDT and AA-DP demonstrated comparable SBS (p>0.05). PEEK when pretreated with 98% SA (2.658 ± 0.658μm) exhibited a significantly higher Ra value as compared to other surface-treated groups (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION PEEK surface treated with SA showed the highest SBS and surface roughness compared to other groups. Surface roughness of PEEK treated with PDT, AA-AP, and AA-DP demonstrated no difference in Ra. PEEK surface treatment technique should be further investigated to develop reliable adhesive resin bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael Binhasan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry College of Dentistry, King Saud University.
| | - Mai M Alhamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khulud A Al-Aali
- Department Of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University.
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Abreu-Pereira CA, Klein MI, Vitorino Lobo CI, Gorayb Pereira AL, Jordão CC, Pavarina AC. DNase enhances photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans biofilms. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1855-1867. [PMID: 35133698 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effectiveness of DNase I combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, mediated by Photodithazine® and light-emitting diode light, against biofilms formed by a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strain (ATCC 96901) and two clinical isolates (R14 and R70). MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofilms were grown for 48 h and exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by application of a photosensitizer (P) and light (L), either singly or combined (P+L+, P-L+, P+L-, P-L-, P-L-DNase, P+L+DNase, P+L-DNase, and P-L+DNase; n = 12). Biofilm analysis included quantification of extracellular matrix components (water-soluble and insoluble proteins and polysaccharides, and extracellular DNA), and biomass (total and insoluble), as well as enumeration of colony-forming units. The data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post-hoc test. RESULTS The DNase treatment combined with aPDT showed a reduction of 1.92, 1.65, and 1.29 log10 of cell viability compared with untreated controls for ATCC 96901, R14, and R70 strains, respectively. It also reduced extracellular matrix contents of water-soluble polysaccharides (36.3%) and extracellular DNA (72.3%), as well as insoluble biomass content (43.3%). CONCLUSION The three strains showed similar behavior when treated with DNase, and the extracellular matrix components were affected, improving the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Abreu-Pereira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmélia Isabel Vitorino Lobo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Gorayb Pereira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Wang D, Kuzma ML, Tan X, He TC, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Phototherapy and optical waveguides for the treatment of infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114036. [PMID: 34740763 PMCID: PMC8665112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery method for precise administration of phototherapy. Studies have shown that phototherapy is promising in fighting against a myriad of infectious pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) including biofilm-forming species and drug-resistant strains while evading treatment resistance. When administered via optical waveguides, phototherapy can treat both superficial and deep-tissue infections while minimizing off-site effects that afflict conventional phototherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite great therapeutic potential, exact mechanisms, materials, and fabrication designs to optimize this promising treatment option are underexplored. This review outlines principles and applications of phototherapy and optical waveguides for infection control. Research advances, challenges, and outlook regarding this delivery system are rigorously discussed in a hope to inspire future developments of optical waveguide-mediated phototherapy for the management of infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michelle Laurel Kuzma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510280, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Al-Saleh S, Albaqawi AH, Alrawi F, Tulbah HI, Al-Qahtani AS, Heer E, Nisar SS, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Effectiveness of synthetic and natural photosensitizers and different chemical disinfectants on the contaminated metal crown. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102601. [PMID: 34699981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al-Saleh
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Ahmed Heji Albaqawi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 55476, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Feras Alrawi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda I Tulbah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Amal S Al-Qahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Emal Heer
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Sadaf Nisar
- Department of Science of Dental Material, Dow International Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green against the standard and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1971-1977. [PMID: 34331604 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an alternative approach. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of aPDT with indocyanine green (ICG) against two Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains. In this in vitro study, the inoculum of standard ATCC 10,231 (S) and fluconazole-resistant (FR) strains were adjusted to the turbidity of a 0.5 McFarland standard. Each strain was allocated into 4 groups: S1 and FR1) control groups, S2 and FR2) ICG-treated groups (1 µg/mL), S3 and FR3) laser-irradiated groups (wavelength: 810 nm; mode: continuous-wave; output power: 300 mW; spot size: 4.5 mm; exposure time: 120 s; radiation dose: 228 J/cm2), S4 and FR4) ICG-mediated-aPDT groups. After treatments, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was calculated. Using the XTT reduction assay, the effects of each treatment on Candida biofilm formation were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. In both strains, the maximum number of CFUs was observed in the control group, followed by ICG-treated, laser-irradiated, and ICG-mediated-aPDT groups. In ATCC 10,231 strain, the XTT assay exhibited significant difference between ICG-mediated-aPDT and control groups (p < 0.0001). However, the ICG, laser, and ICG-mediated-aPDT groups in fluconazole-resistant strain showed significant differences when compared with the control (p < 0.05). The mean Candida CFUs and the XTT assay did not show any significant difference between the ATCC 10,231 and fluconazole-resistant strains with respect to each treatment. Data suggest ICG-mediated-aPDT could diminish Candida CFUs in laboratory; however, further studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety to be applied in clinics.
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18
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Alhenaki AM, Alqarawi FK, Tanveer SA, Alshahrani FA, Alshahrani A, AlHamdan EM, Alzahrani KM, Aldahiyan N, Naseem M, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Disinfection of acrylic denture resin polymer with Rose Bengal, Methylene blue and Porphyrin derivative in photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102362. [PMID: 34062305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess the effect of in-vitro chlorhexidine and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) disinfection protocols against acrylic resin specimens colonized with S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reference strains of S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans were tested. Sixteen blocks of acrylic specimens were prepared by heat-cure acrylic resin and contaminated by in-vitro biofilm growth. Specimens in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were treated with Rose Bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB) 500 mg/L and porphyrin derivative (PD) 5 ml respectively, for the sensitization of biofilms. All photosensitizers (PS) were activated by LED at different wavelength. CHX was prepared in sterile distilled water and applied for 60 s. Each contaminated specimen was sprayed on all its surfaces with the aforementioned photosensitizers and control CHX. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to test the effect of the treatments and Tukey multiple comparison tests to compare means OF CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans RESULTS: Specimens treated with 0.12% CHX (control) demonstrated a significant reduction in CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli; 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL, C. albicans; 2.09±0.85 CFU/mL, S aureus; 3.04±0.11 CFU/mL, and S. mutans; 2.54±0.91 CFU/mL. The intragroup comparison revealed E.coli did not exhibit a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when acrylic resin irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 3.62±0.68 and S.mutans; 3.41±0.13 plummeted (p<0.05). Intergroup comparison showed E.coli values to display comparable reduction when disinfected with MB 500 mg/L and 0.12% CHX; 3.16±0.34 and 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL (log10) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Photosensitizers (RB, MB, PD) are selective in reducing bacterial count on acrylic resin blocks. CHX was found to be effective against all bacteria E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans at a concentration of 0.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasem M Alhenaki
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firas K Alqarawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syeda A Tanveer
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Dow international Dental College. Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Faris A Alshahrani
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Alshahrani
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman M AlHamdan
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled M Alzahrani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, 11942 Alkharj Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nada Aldahiyan
- Post-Graduate Student. Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dental sciences, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alonso GC, Klein MI, Jordão CC, Carmello JC, Pavarina AC. Gene expression of Candida albicans strains isolates from patients with denture stomatitis submitted to treatments with photodynamic therapy and nystatin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102292. [PMID: 33857598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and nystatin (NYS) in the expression of genes (ACT1, ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, EFG1, HWP1, LIP3, PLB1, SAP1, and SOD1) involved in the virulence of Candida albicans strains recovered from patients with denture stomatitis (DS). These strains were isolated from the patients before (initial) and after treatment (final), and 45 days after the treatments (follow-up). For gene expression analyses, RNA was isolated from the clinical strains, followed by cDNA synthesis and qPCR using specific primers for each target gene. The samples that present integrity were pooled to increase the RNA yield. In the end, four patients treated with aPDT and five patients treated with NYS had the clinical isolates of C. albicans submitted to gene expression evaluation. The data demonstrated a statistical difference in the expression of PLB1 and ACT1 for the different therapies (aPDT versus NYS). Also, there was a statistical difference in the expression of CAT1, SOD1, and LIP3 at the time intervals assessed (initial, final, and follow-up). In contrast, no statistical difference was found in the expression of ALS1, HWP1, EFG1, CAP1, CAT1, SOD1, LIP3, and SAP1 between the therapies, while no significant difference was detected at the time intervals evaluated for ALS1, HWP1, EFG1, CAP1, and SAP1. Therefore, the topical treatments for DS with aPDT or NYS did not effect the expression of most C. albicans virulence genes evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Caroline Alonso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Interrogating biological systems using visible-light-powered catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:322-337. [PMID: 37117838 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Light-powered catalysis has found broad utility as a chemical transformation strategy, with widespread impact on energy, environment, drug discovery and human health. A noteworthy application impacting human health is light-induced sensitization of cofactors for photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment. The clinical adoption of this photosensitization approach has inspired the search for other photochemical methods, such as photoredox catalysis, to influence biological discovery. Over the past decade, light-mediated catalysis has enabled the discovery of valuable synthetic transformations, propelling it to become a highly utilized chemical synthesis strategy. The reaction components required to achieve a photoredox reaction are identical to photosensitization (catalyst, light source and substrate), making it ideally suited for probing biological environments. In this Review, we discuss the therapeutic application of photosensitization and advancements made in developing next-generation catalysts. We then highlight emerging uses of photoredox catalytic methods for protein bioconjugation and probing complex cellular environments in living cells.
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Lavaee F, Yousefi M, Haddadi P. Comparison of the fungicidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their conjugation on oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 6:35-40. [PMID: 34195458 PMCID: PMC8226044 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.4.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of common photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy by the silver nanoparticle, methylene blue, and their combination on biofilm and plankton cells of standard oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, biofilm and plankton cells of Candida species(i.e. C .albicans and C. parapsilosis) and plankton cells of Candida glabrata were treated with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their combination once alone and then with the irradiation of total dose of 1.92 J/cm² for 60 sec. The minimum inhibitory concentration and antifungal activity of each approach were evaluated using the XTT assay. Results: After photodynamic therapy, methylene blue showed antifungal effect only on Candida albicans, while the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles was increased on all Candida species. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy with the combination of methylene blue and silver nanoparticles did not have any effect on C. albicans. However, it reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration value of C. parapsilosis, and the most antifungal effect was observed on C. glabrata. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers can serve as a treatment modality in Candida infections of the oral cavity. Antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy was strain- and photosensitizer-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Motahare Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Haddadi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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22
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Eradication of planktonic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its sessile biofilm by curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101825. [PMID: 32445962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether the oxidative stress caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) affects the expression of C. albicans genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1). The aPDT was mediated by two photosensitizing agents (PSs) Photodithazine® (PDZ at 100 and 200 mg/L) or Curcumin (CUR at 40 and 80 μM) and LED (37.5 J/cm2 or 50 J/cm2). The quantification of the expression was performed by Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) using specific primers for the target genes. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (α = 0.05), followed by Tukey's post-test. It was observed reduction in the expression of ALS1, HWP1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 when aPDT was performed using 200 mg/L PDZ and 80 μM CUR associated to LED (37.7 and 50 J/cm2, respectively) and using 100 mg/L PDZ and 40 μM CUR with LED of 50 J/cm2 (versus control). Also, the expression of CAP1 and SOD1 genes was reduced after aPDT using 100 mg/L PDZ and LED of 37.5 J/cm2. There was a significant reduction in the expression of genes HWP1, CAP1, and SOD1 after aPDT using 40 μM CUR and 37.5 J/cm2 (versus the control group). The application of LED only at 37.5 and 50 J/cm2 promoted down-regulation of ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1 genes (versus the control group). Therefore, aPDT mediated by LED -associated PSs PDZ and CUR promoted a reduction in the expression of the five C. albicans genes evaluated.
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Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo K, Carmello JC, Carolina Jordão C, Aboud Barbugli P, de Sousa Costa CA, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Nystatin in the Treatment of Experimental Oral Candidiasis Induced by Candida albicans Resistant to Fluconazole. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030140. [PMID: 31540476 PMCID: PMC6789856 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans have a greater resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) when compared to their more susceptible counterparts. For this reason, the present study evaluated the efficacy of aPDT, together with nystatin (NYS), in the treatment of oral candidiasis in vivo. Methods: Mice were infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC 96901). To perform the combined therapy, aPDT, mediated by Photodithazine (PDZ) and LED light, was used together with NYS. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by microbiological, macroscopic, histopathological and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy analyses of the lesions. The expression of p21 and p53, proteins associated with cell death, from the tongues of mice, was also performed. Results: The combined therapy reduced the fungal viability by around 2.6 log10 and decreased the oral lesions and the inflammatory reaction. Additionally, it stimulated the production of p53 and p21. Conclusions: The combined therapy is a promising alternative treatment for oral candidiasis induced by C. albicans resistant to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto de Sousa Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
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Trevisan E, Menegazzi R, Zabucchi G, Troian B, Prato S, Vita F, Rapozzi V, Grandolfo M, Borelli V. Effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy on human neutrophil functional responses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111605. [PMID: 31473428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an emerging novel therapeutic approach for treating localized microbial infections, particularly those sustained by multidrug-resistant strains. Given the irreplaceable role played by professional phagocytes in limiting infections, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, any newly designed antimicrobial therapeutic approach must not interfere with their function. The present investigation presents a detailed analysis of the effect of PDT on the viability and several functional responses of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils loaded with methylene blue (MB), one of the more commonly used photosensitizers in antimicrobial PDT. Taking advantage of the use of a specifically-designed optical LED array for illuminating MB-loaded human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a number of cell functions have been assayed under miniaturized, strictly controlled and reproducible experimental conditions. The major findings of this study are the following: (1) MB-PDT increases human neutrophils adhesion and does not modify myeloperoxidase release; (2) MB-PDT markedly enhances reactive oxygen species generation that is independent of superoxide-forming phagocytic oxidase and very likely ascribable to LED-dependent excitation of accumulated methylene blue; (3) MB-PDT almost abolishes human neutrophils candidacidal activity by hindering the engulfing machinery. This in vitro study may represent a valuable reference point for future research on PDT applications for treating localized microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Trevisan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Barbara Troian
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Stefano Prato
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vita
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- International School for Advenced Studies, Neurobiology sector, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
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26
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Corrêa TQ, Blanco KC, Soares JM, Inada NM, Kurachi C, Golim MDA, Deffune E, Bagnato VS. Photodynamic inactivation for in vitro decontamination of Staphylococcus aureus in whole blood. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:58-64. [PMID: 31412273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood can be the target of microbial cells in the human body. Erythrocytes, platelets, and plasma concentrates in blood bags used in hemotherapy for blood transfusion are contamination targets, which can trigger serious diseases in blood. These infections can cause septicemia that can lead to death if not recognized rapidly and treated adequately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photodynamic inactivation in the in vitro decontamination of Staphylococcus aureus in whole blood, erythrocytes and platelet-rich plasma. METHODS Photodynamic inactivation using light doses of 10, 15 and 30 J/cm2 at 630 nm and an hematoporphyrin-derivative photosensitizer (Photogem®) solutions at 25 and 50 μg/mL were evaluated. Toxicity of treatment was determined by hemolysis and cell viability assays. RESULTS The S. aureus reduction in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), whole blood, erythrocytes and platelet-rich plasma at 15 J/cm2 and 50 μg/mL were 7.2, 1.0, 1.3 and 0.4 log CFU/mL, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed in whole blood samples, and Photogem® showed a low risk of hemolysis (10.7%) in whole blood. However, 100% of erythrocytes suffered hemolysis in the absence of plasma. The cell viability assay showed 13.9% of apoptosis in erythrocytes, but normal platelet viability. CONCLUSION S. aureus inactivation of whole blood samples using 50 μg/mL Photogem® and 15 J/cm2 resulted in better outcomes, providing promising indications for treatment of bacterial contamination of blood, and in this work, alternative possibilities to apply the technique for blood decontamination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Quatrini Corrêa
- PPG Biotec, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kate Cristina Blanco
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Machado Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elenice Deffune
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, 18618-687, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Yang Y, Wang C, Zhuge Y, Zhang J, Xu K, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Chen H, Chu M, Jia C. Photodynamic Antifungal Activity of Hypocrellin A Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1810. [PMID: 31447816 PMCID: PMC6691099 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that hypocrellin A (HA) exhibits effective antimicrobial activities with proper irradiation. However, its antifungal activity and the involved mechanism have not been fully defined. In this study, HA-mediated cytotoxicity in Candida albicans cells was evaluated after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The results showed that 1.0 μg/ml HA significantly decreased the survival rate of C. albicans cells with light illumination. Moreover, the ROS levels were also remarkably elevated by HA. Further study found that HA combined with illumination led to cell membrane potential depolarization and cell membrane integrity damage. To investigate the form of cell death, a series of apoptosis-related parameters, including mitochondrial transmembrane potential, metacaspase activity, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, and cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium, were analyzed. Data showed that all the above mentioned apoptosis hallmarks were affected after treatment with HA, indicating that HA induced C. albicans cell apoptosis. Finally, HA-mediated aPDT was demonstrated to be low-toxic and effective in treating cutaneous C. albicans infections. This study highlights the antifungal effect and mechanism of HA-mediated aPDT against C. albicans and provides a promising photodynamic antifungal candidate for C. albicans skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhuge
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jan A, Liu C, Deng H, Li J, Ma W, Zeng X, Ji Y. In vitro photodynamic inactivation effects of hypocrellin B on azole-sensitive and resistant Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:419-427. [PMID: 31325521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The extensive use of antifungal drugs has led to resistance from Candida albicans. The search for alternative treatment against drug-resistant C. albicans is highly desirable. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging and promising approach for treating localized and superficial C. albicans infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) effects of hypocrellin B (HB) on azole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans in vitro. METHODS The PDI efficacies of HB on standard C. albicans strain (ATCC 10231), azole-sensitive clinical isolate of C. albicans, and azole-resistant clinical isolate of C. albicans were assessed. The uptake of HB in C. albicans cells was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The PDI effects on cellular structure and surface characteristics were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS HB exhibited no significant dark toxicity, but inactivated the azole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans in a light-dose and PS concentration-dependent manner. CLSM images indicated that PDI treated C. albicans cells showed stronger fluorescence compared to untreated cells. TEM images suggested that significant damage to the cell wall, membrane, and cytoplasm were induced by HB-mediated PDI. SEM analysis revealed that the surface of C. albicans cells became twisted and ruptured after PDI treatment. CONCLUSIONS Azole-sensitive and resistant C. albicans could be effectively inactivated by HB in the presence of light, and HB-mediated aPDT shows promise as an antifungal treatment for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jan
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Hong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 21st North Street, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Calixto GMF, de Annunzio SR, Victorelli FD, Frade ML, Ferreira PS, Chorilli M, Fontana CR. Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Optimization of Photodynamic Therapy: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:253. [PMID: 31309346 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) can be designed to enrich the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of several drugs. Many of the initial obstacles that impeded the clinical applications of conventional DDS have been overcome with nanotechnology-based DDS, especially those formed by chitosan (CS). CS is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which has potential properties such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, non-toxicity, high bioavailability, simplicity of modification, aqueous solubility, and excellent chemical resistance. Furthermore, CS can prepare several DDS as films, gels, nanoparticles, and microparticles to improve delivery of drugs, such as photosensitizers (PS). Thus, CS-based DDS are broadly investigated for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer and fungal and bacterial diseases. In PDT, a PS is activated by light of a specific wavelength, which provokes selective damage to the target tissue and its surrounding vasculature, but most PS have low water solubility and cutaneous photosensitivity impairing the clinical use of PDT. Based on this, the application of nanotechnology using chitosan-based DDS in PDT may offer great possibilities in the treatment of diseases. Therefore, this review presents numerous applications of chitosan-based DDS in order to improve the PDT for cancer and fungal and bacterial diseases.
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Alves F, Carmello JC, Mima EGDO, Costa CADS, Bagnato VS, Pavarina AC. Photodithazine-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vivo. Med Mycol 2019; 57:609-617. [PMID: 30339223 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidosis. Mice were inoculated with two clinical isolates (R10, R15) and one reference strain (ATCC) of resistant C. albicans to produce oral candidosis. After inoculation, aPDT mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and LED light was performed. The use of PDZ or light only was also investigated. Additional animals were treated with Nystatin (NYS). Untreated or healthy mice were also evaluated. Microbiological evaluation was performed by recovering C. albicans from the tongue via colony-forming units. Animals were killed 24 hours after treatments, and the tongues were removed for histological analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P < .05). The results demonstrated that all strains showed the same behavior after aPDT and NYS treatment. A significant reduction in C. albicans viability was achieved after both treatments for R15 and ATCC. No significant reduction was verified for C. albicans R10 submitted to aPDT or NYS. The histological analysis revealed that aPDT did not cause side effects on tissues. aPDT was effective for inactivation of two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans of the three strains evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Biophotonics Lab, Group of Optics, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chien CT, Chen YC, Liu YC, Liang SH, Lin HH, Lin CH. The antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation resistance of Candida albicans is modulated by the Hog1 pathway and the Cap1 transcription factor. Med Mycol 2019; 57:618-627. [PMID: 30289464 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most important fungal pathogen afflicting humans, particularly immunocompromised patients. However, currently available antifungal drugs are limited and ineffective against drug-resistant strains. The development of new drugs or alternative therapeutic approaches to control fungal infections is urgent and necessary. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a new promising therapy for eradicating microorganism infections through combining visible light, photosensitizers, and oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although cytoprotective responses induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been well studied in cancer cells, the mechanisms by which C. albicans responds to PDI are largely unknown. In this study, we first demonstrated that PDI induces C. albicans Hog1p activation. Deletion of any of the SSK2, PBS2, and HOG1 genes significantly decreased the survival rate after photochemical reactions, indicating that the Hog1 SAPK pathway is required for tolerance to PDI. Furthermore, the basic leucine zipper transcription factor Cap1 that regulates several downstream antioxidant genes was highly expressed during the response to PDI, and loss of CAP1 also resulted in decreased C. albicans survival rates. This study demonstrates the importance of the Hog1 SAPK and the Cap1 transcription factor, which regulates in resistance to PDI-mediated oxidative stress in C. albicans. Understanding the mechanisms by which C. albicans responds to PDI and consequently scavenges ROS will be very useful for the further development of therapeutics to control fungal infectious diseases, particularly those of the skin and mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chun Liu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Hen Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ma J, Shi H, Sun H, Li J, Bai Y. Antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by curcumin on Candida albicans biofilms in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:280-287. [PMID: 31233886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canida albicans can cause opportunistic infections ranging from superficial mucous membrane lesions to life-threatening disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by curcumin (CUR) on C. albicans biofilms in vitro. METHODS One standard strain ATCC 90028 and two clinical isolates from HIV (CCA1) and oral lichen planus (CCA2) patients' oral cavities were used in this study. Biofilms were photosensitized with 60 μM CUR and irradiated by light emitting diode (LED) under the wavelength of 455 nm and energy densities of 2.64, 5.28, 7.92, 10.56, 13.2 J/cm2. Then the antifungal effects of CUR-PDT were evaluated by XTT reduction assay and confocal light scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations. The effects of CUR-PDT on the expression levels of hypha-specific and biofilm-related genes including EFG1, UME6, HGC1 and ECE1 were assessed by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. RESULTS The inhibition rates after CUR-PDT in three biofilms(ATCC 90028, CCA1, CCA2)were 90.87%, 66.44% and 86.74% respectively (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression levels of EFG1, UME6, HGC1 and ECE1 were all downregulated after CUR-PDT, with fold-decrease of 6.865, 3.382, 2.167 and 6.887 in ATCC 90028, 2.466, 2.146, 1.627 and 3.102 in CCA1, and 5.406, 2.347, 2.073and 3.711 in CCA2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curcumin-mediated PDT could effectively inactivateCandida albicans biofilms in vitro. Expression of genes involved in biofilms formation were downregulated after CUR-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hang Shi
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongying Sun
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiyang Li
- Institution: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No.826, Rd. Zhangheng, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Institution: Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Rd. Wulumuqi, Shanghai, China.
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Gao Y, Wu J, Li Z, Zhang X, Lu N, Xue C, Leung AW, Xu C, Tang Q. Curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against DH5α contaminated in oysters and cellular toxicological evaluation of PDI-treated oysters. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:244-251. [PMID: 30951866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of curcumin (CUR)-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against Escherichia coli DH5α in vitro and in oysters, then further investigate the edible security of PDI-treated oysters based on cellular toxicological methods. First, DH5α cells were irradiated by a 470 nm LED light source with an energy density of 3.6 J/cm2. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted and the viability of DH5α cells was calculated after treatment with CUR-mediated PDI. Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied by measuring the fluorescence of 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) using a flow cytometry. Membrane permeability was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with propidium iodide (PI) staining. After that, the bactericidal effect of CUR-mediated PDI was evaluated in oysters which were pre-contaminated with DH5α cells. Finally, cellular toxicology of PDI-treated oysters was evaluated through morphological observation, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, DNA ladder assay, and nuclear staining. Results showed that the viability of DH5α was significantly decreased in a CUR concentration-dependent manner and resulted in an approximately 3.5-log reduction at the concentration of 20 μM. After treatment with CUR-mediated PDI (20 μM, 3.6 J/cm2), the ROS level in DH5α cells and the membrane permeability markedly increased. Our data demonstrated that CUR-mediated PDI had a good decontamination effect against DH5α contaminated in oysters. After incubation with PDI-treated oysters, fibroblasts L929 cell morphology, MTT absorbance and cell apoptosis had no obvious changes. Our findings preliminarily demonstrated that CUR-mediated PDI-treated oysters had no cytotoxicity to fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Lu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Albert Wingnang Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Sakita KM, Conrado PCV, Faria DR, Arita GS, Capoci IRG, Rodrigues-Vendramini FAV, Pieralisi N, Cesar GB, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Hioka N, Kioshima ES, Svidzinski TIE, Bonfim-Mendonça PS. Copolymeric micelles as efficient inert nanocarrier for hypericin in the photodynamic inactivation of Candida species. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:519-531. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by hypericin encapsulated in P-123 copolymeric micelles (P123-Hyp) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLU) against planktonic cells and biofilm formation of Candida species Materials & methods: PDI was performed using P123-Hyp and an LED device with irradiance of 3.0 mW/cm2 . Results: Most of isolates (70%) were completely inhibited with concentrations up to 2.0 μmol/l of HYP and light fluence of 16.2 J/cm2. FLU-resistant strains had synergic effect with P123-HYP-PDI and FLU. The biofilm formation was inhibited in all species, in additional the changes in Candida morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion: P123-Hyp-PDI is a promising option to treat fungal infections and medical devices to prevent biofilm formation and fungal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Sakita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna CV Conrado
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniella R Faria
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucia S Arita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isis RG Capoci
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Neli Pieralisi
- Department of Odontology, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Cesar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika S Kioshima
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Alexandrino FJR, Bezerra EM, Da Costa RF, Cavalcante LRL, Sales FAM, Francisco TS, Rodrigues LKA, de Brito DHA, Ricardo NMPS, Costa SN, de Lima-Neto P, Barroso-Neto IL, Caetano EWS, Freire VN. Rose Bengal incorporated to α-cyclodextrin microparticles for photodynamic therapy against the cariogenic microorganism Streptococcus mutans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:111-118. [PMID: 30468898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rose Bengal@α-cyclodextrin (RB@α-CD) microparticles (μPs) were prepared and the RB inclusion in α-CD was experimentally demonstrated through infrared, UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The RB inclusion in α-CD was theoretically investigated using classical molecular mechanics calculations, the simulation results showing that RB can be included in both the narrow and wide apertures of the α-cyclodextrin ring with configurations exhibiting average binding energies of about 27 kcal mol-1. The prepared RB@α-CD microparticles were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and it was demonstrated that they are highly efficient in the photodynamic therapy against a Streptococcus mutans (the main bacteria of cariogenic dental plaque) suspension, as a concentration of RB@α-CD μPs 10 times smaller than the usual concentration of pure RB is still capable to produce significant antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J R Alexandrino
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 50430-275 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil; Faculdade Paulo Picanço, 60135-218, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - E M Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59625-900 Mossoró - RN, Brazil
| | - R F Da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59625-900 Mossoró - RN, Brazil
| | - L R L Cavalcante
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - F A M Sales
- Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Campus de Aracati, 62800-000 Aracati - CE, Brazil
| | - T S Francisco
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59625-900 Mossoró - RN, Brazil
| | - L K A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430370 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - D H Almeida de Brito
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12100, Campus do Pici, 60451-970 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - N M P S Ricardo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12100, Campus do Pici, 60451-970 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - S N Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554 Fortaleza- CE, Brazil
| | - P de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440900, Fortaleza- CE, Brazil
| | - I L Barroso-Neto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - E W S Caetano
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, 60040-531 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil.
| | - V N Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
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Grangeteau C, Lepinois F, Winckler P, Perrier-Cornet JM, Dupont S, Beney L. Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by Photo-Oxidation Studied at the Cell Scale in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2640. [PMID: 30455675 PMCID: PMC6230929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light (400–430 nm) is known to induce lethal effects in some species of fungi by photo-oxidation caused by the excitation of porphyrins but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In this work, we exposed the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a high density light flux with two-photon excitation (830 nm equivalent to a one-photon excitation around 415 nm) and used quasi real-time visualization with confocal microscopy to study the initiation and dynamics of photo-oxidation in subcellular structures. Our results show that the oxidation generated by light treatments led to the permeabilization of the plasma membrane accompanied by the sudden expulsion of the cellular content, corresponding to cell death by necrosis. Moreover, excitation in the plasma membrane led to very fast oxidation and membrane permeabilization (<60 s) while excitation at the center of the cell did not induce permeabilization even after a period exceeding 600 s. Finally, our study shows that the relationship between the laser power used for two-photon excitation and the time required to permeabilize the plasma membrane was not linear. Thus, the higher the power used, the lower the energy required to permeabilize the plasma membrane. We conclude that fungal destruction can be generated very quickly using a high density light flux. Better knowledge of the intracellular processes and the conditions necessary to induce necrosis should make it possible in the future to improve the efficiency of antimicrobial strategies photo-oxidation-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Grangeteau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Florine Lepinois
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Pascale Winckler
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | | | - Sebastien Dupont
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
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Al-Asmari F, Mereddy R, Sultanbawa Y. The effect of photosensitization mediated by curcumin on storage life of fresh date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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da Collina GA, Freire F, Santos TPDC, Sobrinho NG, Aquino S, Prates RA, da Silva DDFT, Tempestini Horliana ACR, Pavani C. Controlling methylene blue aggregation: a more efficient alternative to treat Candida albicans infections using photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1355-1364. [PMID: 30183793 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) has been widely used in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), however, the mechanisms of action (Type I or Type II) are defined by its state of aggregation. In this sense, the identification of the relationships between aggregation, the mechanisms of action and the effectiveness against microorganisms, as well as the establishment of the means and the formulations that may favor the most effective mechanisms, are essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the in vitro aPDT efficacies against Candida albicans, by using MB in vehicles which may influence the aggregation and present an oral formulation (OF) containing MB, to be used in clinical aPDT procedures. The efficacy of MB at 20 mg L-1 was tested in a range of vehicles (water, physiological solution - NaCl 0.9%, phosphate saline buffer - PBS, sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.25% - SDS and urea 1 mol L-1) in a C. albicans planktonic culture, when using 4.68 J cm-2 of 640 ± 12 nm LED for the irradiations, as well as 5 minutes of pre-irradiation time, together with measuring the UFC mL-1. Based upon these analyses, an OF containing MB in the most effective vehicle was tested in the biofilms, as a proposal for clinical applications. When comparing some of the vehicles, sodium dodecyl sulfate was the only one that enhanced an MB aPDT efficacy in a planktonic C. albicans culture. This OF was tested in the biofilms and 50 mg L-1 MB was necessary, in order to achieve some reduction in the cell viabilities after the various treatments. The light dosimetries still need further adaptations, in order for this formulation to be used in clinical applications. The present research has indicated that the development of this formulation for the control of MB aggregations may result in more effective clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves da Collina
- Post-Graduation Program of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
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da Silveira PV, Panariello BHD, de Araújo Costa CAG, Maule SM, Maule SM, Janal MN, Zanin ICJ, Duarte S. Twice-daily red and blue light treatment for Candida albicans biofilm matrix development control. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:441-447. [PMID: 30097756 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy has been proposed as a direct means of affecting local bacterial infections. However, the use of phototherapy to prevent fungal biofilm development has received comparatively less attention. This study aimed to determine the effects of red light treatment and blue light treatment, without a photosensitizer, on the development of Candida albicans biofilm. During the development of 48-h biofilms of C. albicans SN 425 (n = 10), the biofilms were exposed twice-daily to noncoherent blue and red light (LumaCare; 420 nm and 635 nm). The energy density applied was 72 J cm-2 for blue light and 43.8 J cm2, 87.6 J cm2, and 175.5 J cm2 for red light. Positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups were treated twice-daily for 1 min with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.89% NaCl respectively. Biofilms were analyzed for colony forming units (CFU), dry-weight, and exopolysaccharides (EPS-soluble and EPS-insoluble). Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). Dry-weight was lower than NC (p < 0.001) and approached PC levels with both red and blue light treatments. CFU were also lower in groups exposed to blue light and higher durations of red light (p < 0.05). EPS-soluble and EPS-insoluble measures were variably reduced by these light exposures. In conclusion, twice-daily exposure to both blue and red lights affect the biofilm development and physiology of polysaccharide production and are potential mechanisms for the control of C. albicans biofilm matrix development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ventura da Silveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-355, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Helena Dias Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, School of Dentistry, Postal address: 1121 W Michigan St, # DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Maule
- New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Shane M Maule
- New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Iriana Carla Junqueira Zanin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-355, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, School of Dentistry, Postal address: 1121 W Michigan St, # DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Cernáková L, Dižová S, Bujdáková H. Employment of methylene blue irradiated with laser light source in photodynamic inactivation of biofilm formed by Candida albicans strain resistant to fluconazole. Med Mycol 2018; 55:748-753. [PMID: 28053149 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising approach for the eradication of biofilm formed by the yeast Candida albicans seems to be photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This work presents a use of methylene blue (MB, 1 mM) irradiated with a red laser (output power 190 mW/cm2, wavelength 660 nm) for the eradication of a biofilm formed by the fluconazole-resistant (FLC-resistant) strain C. albicans CY 1123 compared to the standard strain C. albicans SC5314. The periods of irradiation corresponded to the fluence of 15, 23 and 57 J/cm2. Effectiveness of PDI was evident with following percentage of survived biofilm cells: 24.57, 23.46, and 22.29% for SC5314 and 40.28, 17.91, and 5.89% for CY 1123, respectively, compared to the samples without irradiation. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the effectiveness of PDI. However, the morphological form of C. albicans seems to play an important role as well, since prolonged duration of irradiation did not increase efficiency of PDI on C. albicans SC5314. An experiment with the yeast-to-hyphae transition revealed that the FLC-resistant strain expressed a markedly reduced capacity to form hyphae compared to SC5314. We summarized that PDI was effective on biofilm formed by the FLC-resistant strain, but resistance most likely did not play significant role in PDI. Additionally, we observed differences in susceptibility to PDI between biofilms composed of the mycelia and only of the yeasts, and finally, the employment of a laser in PDI enabled a decreasing period of irradiation while maintaining the high effectiveness of PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cernáková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Dižová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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de Senna AM, Vieira MMF, Machado-de-Sena RM, Bertolin AO, Núñez SC, Ribeiro MS. Photodynamic inactivation of Candida ssp. on denture stomatitis. A clinical trial involving palatal mucosa and prosthesis disinfection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:212-216. [PMID: 29678677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is the most common oral fungal infection in denture wearers. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been showing to be an effective technique in vivo against fungi, including fungal infections in the oral cavity. The disinfection of both oral mucosa and denture may represent a real advantage in terms of fungus control. This clinical study was designed to explore methylene blue (MB)-mediated PDI on oral mucosa and prosthesis of patients with DS. Subjects with DS were divided into two groups. One group received treatment based on the use of oral miconazole gel 2% (MIC). The other group received treatment by PDI using MB at 450 μg/mL and a diode laser (λ = 660 nm) with 100 mW and fluence of 28 J/cm2. Clinical outcome was evaluated regarding the degree of oral mucosa erythema and microbiological reduction of Candida spp. located in both palatal mucosa and prosthesis. Our results showed that PDI was significantly more effective than MIC in ameliorating inflammation after 15 days. Following 30 days, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups. Regarding the fungal burden, although the MIC group has presented more pronounced inactivation than PDI for both mucosa and prosthesis, no statistically significant differences were detected between them. This clinical study suggests that PDI can reduce fungal load and decrease the inflammation degree in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M de Senna
- Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos, ITPAC, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Martha M F Vieira
- Coordenação de Ensino e Informação Científica, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia C Núñez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioengenharia e Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Fungicidal effect of combined nano TiO2 with erythrosine for mediated photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41547-017-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Sanitá PV, Pavarina AC, Dovigo LN, Ribeiro APD, Andrade MC, Mima EGDO. Curcumin-mediated anti-microbial photodynamic therapy against Candida dubliniensis biofilms. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:709-717. [PMID: 29134404 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-microbial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by curcumin (Cur) associated with LED light against biofilms of Candida dubliniensis, and further, investigate cellular uptake and drug penetration through the biofilms under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Four C. dubliniensis strains were tested: three clinical isolates from HIV-positive patients and one reference strain (CBS 7987). Biofilms were treated with three Cur concentrations (20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 μM). All samples were incubated in the dark for 20 min and exposed to a 5.28 J/cm2 of LED light fluence. Additional samples of each strain were treated either with Cur or LED light only. Control samples had neither Cur nor light. After aPDT, results were read using the XTT salt reduction method. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to verify both the uptake of Cur by yeast cells and its penetration through the biofilm. The results showed that aPDT promoted significant reduction on the metabolism of the biofilm-organized cells of C. dubliniensis. Further, while Cur was rapidly taken up by C. dubliniensis cells, a longer time interval was required to allow Cur penetration into biofilm cells. Based on these results, aPDT associating LED and Cur presents promising potential on fungal control of biofilms of C. dubliniensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Center Dr. 1395, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mariana Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, n° 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
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Influence of pre-irradiation time employed in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with diode laser. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:67-73. [PMID: 28963589 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of different pre-irradiation times of the photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy in biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, through the evaluation of the microbial load. The factors under study were as follows: times of pre-irradiation of the photosensitizer in three levels (1, 2, or 5 min). For the control of the cariogenic dental biofilm with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), methylene blue (0.01%) was used in association with the diode laser (InGaAlP) with a wavelength of 660 nm. Chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12% CHX) and saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The study design was carried out in complete and randomized blocks. The sample consisted of 15 S. mutans biofilms cultures, randomly divided into five groups and 15 C. albicans cultures, also divided into five groups. The experiment was performed in triplicate (n = 3) and the response variables were obtained through quantitative analysis of bacterial viability, expressed in colony-forming units (CFU) per square millimeter of the specimen area. The data were analyzed with the aid of the ANOVA one-way test and Tukey's post-test. All analyses were performed using the Graph Pad Prism 4.0 program, with a significance level of 5%. For the S. mutans group, only the saline solution presented a statistically significant difference when compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05), that is, the treatment with aPDT, irrespective of the irradiation time applied, was similar to the treatment with CHX and both were more effective in reducing cariogenic biofilm compared to saline. For the group of C. albicans, there was no statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment with aPDT reduced the number of CFUs of S. mutans in a similar way to CHX, independently of the pre-irradiation time applied. No effect of this therapy or of the different pre-irradiation times on the C. albicans biofilm could be observed. In this way, the pre-irradiation time of 1 min can be used to reduce the microbial load of S. mutans.
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Al-Asmari F, Mereddy R, Sultanbawa Y. A novel photosensitization treatment for the inactivation of fungal spores and cells mediated by curcumin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Preclinical study of a cost-effective photodynamic therapy protocol for treating oral candidoses. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1253-1260. [PMID: 28508242 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for oral candidoses. Its use as an alternative to antifungals prevents several adverse effects, including microbial resistance. However, most PDT protocols do not employ devices and consumables commonly available in dental practice, thus influencing treatment affordability. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a PDT method based on light curing units' blue LEDs combined to a plaque-disclosing composition (5% erythrosine) against C. albicans in culture and in a murine model of oral candidosis. Standard and resistant fungal strains were tested in vitro in planktonic and biofilm forms. PDT (pre-irradiation time periods: 30 and 60 s; irradiation time: 3 min) was compared to control conditions without light and/or erythrosine. Mice with induced oral candidosis (n = 40) randomly received PDT or similar control conditions with subsequent C. albicans count. These mice underwent histological analysis, as well as 12 healthy mice submitted to experimental treatments. PDT completely inactivated C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilm. Control conditions presented minor differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05), with mean values ranging from 5.2 to 6.8 log10 (UFC/mL). Infected mice presented no significant difference in C. albicans counts consequent to treatments (ANOVA, p = 0.721), although the PDT protocol was able to enhance the inflammatory infiltrate in healthy mice. It can be concluded that the tested PDT protocol can inactivate C. albicans but still needs further investigation in order to achieve efficacy and safety.
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Alves F, de Oliveira Mima EG, Passador RCP, Bagnato VS, Jorge JH, Pavarina AC. Virulence factors of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:815-826. [PMID: 28280998 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and LED light on the virulence factors of fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and fluconazole-resistant (CaR) Candida albicans. Standardized suspensions of strains were prepared (107), and after 48 h of biofilm formation, these strains were incubated with PDZ (100 mg/L) for 20 min and exposed to LED light (660 nm, 37.5 J/cm2). Additional samples were treated with PDZ or light only, and the control consisted of biofilms that received no treatment. After aPDT, the cells were recovered and the virulence factors were evaluated. To analyze the capacity of adhesion, cells were recovered after aPDT and submitted to the adhesion process in the bottom of a 96-well plate. After this, metabolic activity tests (XTT assay) and cell viability (colony forming units per milliliter, CFU/mL) were applied. To evaluate the biofilm-forming ability after aPDT, the cells recovered were submitted to biofilm formation procedures, and the biofilm formed was evaluated by XTT, CFU/mL, and total biomass (crystal violet) tests. Lastly, the capacity for synthesizing protease and phospholipase enzymes after aPDT was evaluated by fluorimetric tests. Data were analyzed by two- or three-way ANOVA tests (p ≤ 0.05). It was verified that aPDT reduced the viability of both strains, fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. It was also observed that the CaR strain had lower susceptibility to the aPDT when compared with the CaS strain. However, regarding the virulence factors evaluated, it was demonstrated that aPDT did not alter the adherence and biofilm formation ability and enzymatic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Caroline Polato Passador
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Biophotonics Lab, Group of Optics, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína Habib Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Rodrigues CF, Rodrigues ME, Silva S, Henriques M. Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come? J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E11. [PMID: 29371530 PMCID: PMC5715960 DOI: 10.3390/jof3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida species have been increasing in the last decades and can result in local or systemic infections, with high morbidity and mortality. After Candida albicans, Candida glabrata is one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in humans. In addition to the high antifungal drugs resistance and inability to form hyphae or secret hydrolases, C. glabrata retain many virulence factors that contribute to its extreme aggressiveness and result in a low therapeutic response and serious recurrent candidiasis, particularly biofilm formation ability. For their extraordinary organization, especially regarding the complex structure of the matrix, biofilms are very resistant to antifungal treatments. Thus, new approaches to the treatment of C. glabrata's biofilms are emerging. In this article, the knowledge available on C. glabrata's resistance will be highlighted, with a special focus on biofilms, as well as new therapeutic alternatives to control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia F Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elisa Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Silva
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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de Figueiredo Freitas LS, Rossoni RD, Jorge AOC, Junqueira JC. Repeated applications of photodynamic therapy on Candida glabrata biofilms formed in acrylic resin polymerized. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:549-555. [PMID: 28091850 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have been suggested that photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used as an adjuvant treatment for denture stomatitis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of multiple sessions of PDT on Candida glabrata biofilms in specimens of polymerized acrylic resin formed after 5 days. Subsequently, four applications of PDT were performed on biofilms in 24-h intervals (days 6-9). Also, we evaluated two types of PDT, including application of laser and methylene blue or light-emitting diode (LED) and erythrosine. The control groups were treated with physiological solution. The effects of PDT on biofilm were evaluated after the first and fourth application of PDT. The biofilm analysis was performed by counting the colony-forming units. The results showed that between the days 6 and 9, the biofilms not treated by PDT had an increase of 5.53 to 6.05 log (p = 0.0271). Regarding the treatments, after one application of PDT, the biofilms decreased from 5.53 to 0.89 log. When it was done four applications, the microbial reduction ranged from 6.05 log to 0.11 log. We observed that one application of PDT with laser or LED caused a reduction of 3.36 and 4.64 compared to the control groups, respectively (p = 0.1708). When it was done four applications of PDT, the reductions achieved were 1.57 for laser and 5.94 for LED (p = 0.0001). It was concluded that repeated applications of PDT on C. glabrata biofilms showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to single application. PDT mediated by LED and erythrosine was more efficient than the PDT mediated by laser and methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lírian Silva de Figueiredo Freitas
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carmello JC, Alves F, Mima EGDO, Jorge JH, Bagnato VS, Pavarina AC. Photoinactivation of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species using Photodythazine ® [corrected]. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:194-199. [PMID: 27988224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) formulated in hydrogel, in the inactivation of mono and duo-species biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. Standardized suspensions of each strain were prepared and after biofilm formation, mono-species were treated with 150 and 175mg/L of PDZ for 20min (pre-irradiation time), and exposed to LED light at a dose of 37.5J/cm2 (660nm). The duo-species biofilms (C. albicans+C. glabrata and C. albicans+C. tropicalis) were treated with 150mg/L of PDZ and light. Additional samples were treated with PDZ or light only, and the control did not receive any treatment. Next, microbiological evaluation was performed by spreading the cells on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and CHROMagar Candida for colony forming units (CFU/mL). Moreover, the total biomass of biofilm was verified using the crystal violet staining assay (CV). The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc (α=0.05). The use of PDZ 150mg/L promoted a reduction of 1.0, 1.2, 1.5 log10 in the viability of C. glabrata, C. albicans and C. tropicalis, respectively. The same concentration reduced in 1.0 log10 the viability of each species grown as duo-species biofilms. The crystal violet assay showed that the use of 150mg/L reduced 24.4%, 39.2% and 43.7% of the total biomass of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata, respectively. aPDT did not reduce the total biomass to the duo-species biofilms. Thus, PDZ-mediated aPDT was more effective in the inactivation of mono-species biofilms of Candida spp. compared with duo-species biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Janaina Habib Jorge
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, USP - Univ. de São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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