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Garcia-Bustos V, Rosario Medina I, Cabañero Navalón MD, Ruiz Gaitán AC, Pemán J, Acosta-Hernández B. Candida spp. in Cetaceans: Neglected Emerging Challenges in Marine Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1128. [PMID: 38930510 PMCID: PMC11205550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans, which are crucial in marine ecosystems, act as sentinels for ecosystem and human-environmental health. However, emerging fungal infections, particularly by Candida spp., pose a growing concern in these marine mammals. This review consolidates current knowledge on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, species distribution, and antifungal resistance of Candida infections in cetaceans. We detail the diverse pathogenic impacts of Candida, including respiratory, dermal, and systemic afflictions, underscoring diagnostic and treatment challenges amid rising antifungal resistance. Our analysis extends beyond health concerns in captive cetaceans, where confinement stress heightens vulnerability, to encompass substantial ecological risks in wild populations. The review emphasizes the One Health perspective, linking cetacean health with broader environmental and human public health issues. We particularly focus on the potential zoonotic transmission of emerging fungal pathogens such as Candida auris and the role of environmental changes in fostering antifungal resistance. The study underscores the need for concerted, interdisciplinary efforts in veterinary, medical, and environmental sciences to enhance understanding and management of Candida infections in cetaceans. We advocate for comprehensive monitoring and collaborative research initiatives to mitigate the rising challenge of these infections. Addressing Candida spp. in cetaceans is not just a conservation priority but a critical step in safeguarding overall marine health and, by extension, human health in the context of evolving infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Marta Dafne Cabañero Navalón
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Alba Cecilia Ruiz Gaitán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Pemán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
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Suárez JA, Cerrud B, Pachar M, Patiño LH, Reidy J, Chace A, Chen-Camaño R, Alvarado-Barría D, Nakadar MZ, Ramirez JD, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Human Lobomycosis Caused by Paracoccidioides (Lacazia) loboi, Panama, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2513-2517. [PMID: 37987584 PMCID: PMC10683804 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.231092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a patient from Panama who had lobomycosis caused by Paracoccidioides (Lacazia) loboi. We used combined clinical-epidemiologic and phylogenetic data, including a new gene sequence dataset on this fungus in Panama, for analysis. Findings contribute useful insights to limited knowledge of this fungal infection in the Mesoamerican Biologic Corridor.
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Grotta G, Couppie P, Demar M, Drak Alsibai K, Blaizot R. Fungal Density in Lobomycosis in French Guiana: A Proposal for a New Clinico-Histological and Therapeutic Classification. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1005. [PMID: 37888260 PMCID: PMC10608060 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lobomycosis is a rare cutaneous tropical neglected disease caused by the fungal agent Lacazia loboi, recently renamed Paracoccidioides lobogeorgii. Our objectives were to present all cases of lobomycosis diagnosed in French Guiana, to offer a precise description of their histopathological features and to propose a new clinico-histological prognostic classification. METHODS All cases of lobomycosis diagnosed in French Guiana between 1959 and 2022 were included. We looked for associations between the occurrence of relapses and the clinic-histological form. RESULTS 31 patients diagnosed with lobomycosis were included. An epidemiological shift was observed in the 2000s as Brazilian patients became the most important ethnic group. Gold mining, forestry and fishing/sailing were reported as professional exposures. New histological features, such as inflammatory "rosettes" formations were described. We describe two clinic-histological patterns: a major form (high fungal density and/or multifocal lesions) and a minor form (low fungal density, unifocal lesions, association with fewer relapses). CONCLUSIONS The changing epidemiology of lobomycosis in French Guiana is characterized by a shift towards Brazilian patients, mostly gold miners. Minor forms should be treated with surgery, major forms with a combination of surgery followed by nultiple drug therapy (MDT) or posaconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Grotta
- Dermatology Department, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana; (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierre Couppie
- Dermatology Department, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana; (G.G.); (P.C.)
- UMR TBIP Tropical Biomes and Immunophysiopathology, University of French Guiana, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana;
| | - Magalie Demar
- UMR TBIP Tropical Biomes and Immunophysiopathology, University of French Guiana, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana;
- Parasitology Department, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Histopathology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana;
| | - Romain Blaizot
- Dermatology Department, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana; (G.G.); (P.C.)
- UMR TBIP Tropical Biomes and Immunophysiopathology, University of French Guiana, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana;
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Gaydos JK, St Leger J, Raverty S, Nollens H, Haulena M, Ward EJ, Emmons CK, Hanson MB, Balcomb K, Ellifrit D, Weiss MN, Giles D. Epidemiology of skin changes in endangered Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286551. [PMID: 37379317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photographic identification catalogs of individual killer whales (Orcinus orca) over time provide a tool for remote health assessment. We retrospectively examined digital photographs of Southern Resident killer whales in the Salish Sea to characterize skin changes and to determine if they could be an indicator of individual, pod, or population health. Using photographs collected from 2004 through 2016 from 18,697 individual whale sightings, we identified six lesions (cephalopod, erosions, gray patches, gray targets, orange on gray, and pinpoint black discoloration). Of 141 whales that were alive at some point during the study, 99% had photographic evidence of skin lesions. Using a multivariate model including age, sex, pod, and matriline across time, the point prevalence of the two most prevalent lesions, gray patches and gray targets, varied between pods and between years and showed small differences between stage classes. Despite minor differences, we document a strong increase in point prevalence of both lesion types in all three pods from 2004 through 2016. The health significance of this is not clear, but the possible relationship between these lesions and decreasing body condition and immunocompetence in an endangered, non-recovering population is a concern. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of these lesions is important to better understand the health significance of these skin changes that are increasing in prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Gaydos
- The SeaDoc Society, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center - Orcas Island Office, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Eastsound, Washington, United States of America
| | - Judy St Leger
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen Raverty
- Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hendrik Nollens
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eric J Ward
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Candice K Emmons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M Bradley Hanson
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ken Balcomb
- Center for Whale Research, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dave Ellifrit
- Center for Whale Research, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael N Weiss
- Center for Whale Research, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah Giles
- Center for Whale Research, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States of America
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Xu X, Ding F, Hu X, Yang F, Zhang T, Dong J, Xue Y, Liu T, Wang J, Jin Q. Upper respiratory tract mycobiome alterations in different kinds of pulmonary disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117779. [PMID: 37032908 PMCID: PMC10076636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human respiratory tract is considered to be a polymicrobial niche, and an imbalance in the microorganism composition is normally associated with several respiratory diseases. In addition to the well-studied bacteriome, the existence of fungal species in the respiratory tract has drawn increasing attention and has been suggested to have a significant clinical impact. However, the understanding of the respiratory fungal microbiota (mycobiome) in pulmonary diseases is still insufficient. Methods In this study, we investigated the fungal community composition of oropharynx swab (OS) samples from patients with five kinds of pulmonary disease, including interstitial lung disease (ILD), bacterial pneumonia (BP), fungal pneumonia (FP), asthma (AS) and lung cancer (LC), and compared them with healthy controls (HCs), based on high-throughput sequencing of the amplified fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Results The results showed significant differences in fungal composition and abundance between disease groups and HCs. Malassezia was the most significant genus, which was much more abundant in pulmonary diseases than in the control. In addition, many common taxa were shared among different disease groups, but differences in taxa abundance and specific species in distinct disease groups were also observed. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), each group had its characteristic species. Furthermore, some species showed a significant correlation with the patient clinical characteristics. Discussion Our study deepened our understanding of the respiratory tract mycobiome in some diseases that are less studied and identified the commonalities and differences among different kinds of pulmonary disease. These results would provide the solid basis for further investigation of the association between the mycobiome and pathogenicity of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangping Ding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqi Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu,
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jing Wang,
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Qi Jin,
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Tafuri WL, Tomokane TY, Silva AMG, Kanashiro‐Galo L, Mosser DM, Quaresma JAS, Pagliari C, Sotto MN. Skin fibrosis associated with keloid, scleroderma and Jorge Lobo's disease (lacaziosis): An immuno-histochemical study. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:234-244. [PMID: 36183172 PMCID: PMC9664412 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathophysiological response of many tissues and organs subjected to chronic injury. Despite the diverse aetiology of keloid, lacaziosis and localized scleroderma, the process of fibrosis is present in the pathogenesis of all of these three entities beyond other individual clinical and histological distinct characteristics. Fibrosis was studied in 20 samples each of these three chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases. An immunohistochemical study was carried out to explore the presence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin cytoskeleton antigens, CD31, CD34, Ki67, p16; CD105, CD163, CD206 and FOXP3 antigens; and the central fibrotic cytokine TGF-β. Higher expression of vimentin in comparison to α-SMA in all three lesion types was found. CD31- and CD34-positive blood vessel endothelial cells were observed throughout the reticular dermis. Ki67 expression was low and almost absent in scleroderma. p16-positive levels were higher than ki67 and observed in reticular dermis of keloidal collagen in keloids, in collagen bundles in scleroderma and in the external layers of the granulomas in lacaziosis. The presence of α-actin positive cells and rarely CD34 positive cells, observed primarily in keloids, may be related to higher p16 antigen expression, a measure of cell senescence. Low FOXP3 expression was observed in all lesion types. CD105-positive cells were mainly found in perivascular tissue in close contact with the adventitia in keloids and scleroderma, while, in lacaziosis, these cells were chiefly observed in conjunction with collagen deposition in the external granuloma layer. We did not find high involvement of CD163 or CD206-positive cells in the fibrotic process. TGF-β was notable only in keloid and lacaziosis lesions. In conclusion, we have suggested vimentin to be the main myofibroblast general marker of the fibrotic process in all three studied diseases, while endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and M2 macrophages may not play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Thaise Yumie Tomokane
- Laboratório de Patologia das Moléstias Infecciosas – LIM50, Departamento de PatologiaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Luciane Kanashiro‐Galo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Carla Pagliari
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual e Programa de pós‐graduação em Ciências da SaúdeSão PauloBrazil
| | - Mirian N. Sotto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
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Gonçalves FG, Rosa PS, Belone ADFF, Carneiro LB, de Barros VLQ, Bispo RF, Sbardelott YADS, Neves SAVM, Vittor AY, Woods WJ, Laporta GZ. Lobomycosis Epidemiology and Management: The Quest for a Cure for the Most Neglected of Neglected Tropical Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050494. [PMID: 35628750 PMCID: PMC9144079 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis is a chronic disease caused by Lacazia loboi, which is endemic to the Amazon rainforest, where it affects forest dwellers in Brazil. There is no disease control program and no official therapeutic protocol. This situation contributes to an unknown disease prevalence and unmet needs of people disabled by this disease who seek access to treatment. This review provides an update on the subject with an emphasis on therapeutic advances in humans. All relevant studies that addressed epidemiology, diagnosis, or therapeutics of lobomycosis were considered. Seventy-one articles published between 1931 and 2021 were included for a narrative literature review on the epidemiology and quest for a cure. An effective therapy for lobomycosis has been found following decades of research led by the State Dermatology Program of Acre in the Amazon rainforest, where the largest number of cases occur. This discovery opened new avenues for future studies. The main recommendations here, addressed to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, are for lobomycosis to become a reportable disease to ensure that disease prevalence is measured, and that it be prioritized such that affected individuals may access treatment free-of-charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciely G. Gonçalves
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil;
- Research Lab at Centro Universitario UNINORTE, Rio Branco 69915-901, AC, Brazil
- State Dermatology Program of Acre, Secretariat of Health in the State of Acre (SESACRE), Rio Branco 69917-650, AC, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (V.L.Q.d.B.); (R.F.B.); (Y.A.d.S.S.); (W.J.W.)
| | - Patrícia S. Rosa
- Division of Research, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru 17034-971, AP, Brazil; (P.S.R.); (A.d.F.F.B.)
| | - Andrea de F. F. Belone
- Division of Research, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru 17034-971, AP, Brazil; (P.S.R.); (A.d.F.F.B.)
| | - Léia B. Carneiro
- State Dermatology Program of Acre, Secretariat of Health in the State of Acre (SESACRE), Rio Branco 69917-650, AC, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (V.L.Q.d.B.); (R.F.B.); (Y.A.d.S.S.); (W.J.W.)
| | - Vania L. Q. de Barros
- State Dermatology Program of Acre, Secretariat of Health in the State of Acre (SESACRE), Rio Branco 69917-650, AC, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (V.L.Q.d.B.); (R.F.B.); (Y.A.d.S.S.); (W.J.W.)
| | - Rosineide F. Bispo
- State Dermatology Program of Acre, Secretariat of Health in the State of Acre (SESACRE), Rio Branco 69917-650, AC, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (V.L.Q.d.B.); (R.F.B.); (Y.A.d.S.S.); (W.J.W.)
| | - Yally A. da S. Sbardelott
- State Dermatology Program of Acre, Secretariat of Health in the State of Acre (SESACRE), Rio Branco 69917-650, AC, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (V.L.Q.d.B.); (R.F.B.); (Y.A.d.S.S.); (W.J.W.)
| | | | - Amy Y. Vittor
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - William J. Woods
- State Dermatology Program of Acre, Secretariat of Health in the State of Acre (SESACRE), Rio Branco 69917-650, AC, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (V.L.Q.d.B.); (R.F.B.); (Y.A.d.S.S.); (W.J.W.)
| | - Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Pang KL, Hassett BT, Shaumi A, Guo SY, Sakayaroj J, Chiang MWL, Yang CH, Jones EG. Pathogenic fungi of marine animals: A taxonomic perspective. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Dyląg M. A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: infections caused by dimorphic fungi and dermatophytoses. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2688-2704. [PMID: 33754409 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are still underappreciated and their prevalence is underestimated, which renders them a serious public health problem. Realistic discussions about their distribution, symptoms, and control can improve management and diagnosis and contribute to refinement of preventive actions using currently available tools. This article represents an overview of dermatophytes and endemic fungi that cause infections in humans and animals. In addition, the impact of climate change on the fungal spread is discussed. The endemic fungal infections characterized in this article include coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, lobomycosis, emergomycosis and sporotrichosis. Moreover the geographic distribution of these fungi, which are known to be climate sensitive and/or limited to endemic tropical and subtropical areas, is highlighted. In turn, dermatophytes cause superficial fungal infections of skin, hairs and nails, which are the most prevalent mycoses worldwide with a high economic burden. Therefore, the possibility of causing zoonoses and reverse zoonoses by dermatophytes is highly important. In conclusion, the article illustrates the current issues of the epidemiology and distribution of fungal diseases, emphasizing the lack of public programmes for prevention and control of these types of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gnat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Łagowski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Nowakiewicz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sarmiento-Lacera L, Torres-Fernández O, Rivera JA, Rodríguez-Toro G. Comparative effect of osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide on Lacazia loboi ultrastructure. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:789-795. [PMID: 33176034 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lobomycosis is a skin infection produced by the fungus Lacazia loboi, which mainly affects some indigenous and afro-descendant populations in Tropical America. We previously reported the comparative effect of osmium tetroxide (OsO4 ) and ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4 ) in the electron microscopy (EM) of other related microorganisms. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of postfixation with OsO4 and RuO4 in the ultrastructure of L. loboi yeasts. Skin biopsies on patients diagnosed with lobomycosis were fixed in glutaraldehyde at 3% and postfixed in the following solutions: (a) 1% OsO4 , (b) 0.2% RuO4 , and (c) OsO4 at 1% followed by RuO4 at 0.2%. They were then processed using the conventional method for EM. Unlike OsO4, the treatment with RuO4 revealed different shades of gray and electron dense bands in the cell wall and other cell components of L. loboi. The most notable finding was the presence of radial filamentous structures around the yeast, which made the image look like the sun. Postfixation with RuO4 revealed ultrastructural details that had not been previously reported for L loboi. The combined use of OsO4 and RuO4 in EM of microorganisms with cell walls can be useful to evaluate the effect of microbicide substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladys Sarmiento-Lacera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Rivera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gerzaín Rodríguez-Toro
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Kanashiro-Galo L, Alexandre AF, Tafuri WL, Barboza TC, Quaresma JAS, Brito ACD, Nascimento GYFDSD, Santos Filho AMD, Sotto MN, Pagliari C. Lacaziosis: immunohistochemical evaluation of elements of the humoral response in cutaneous lesions. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e75. [PMID: 33053144 PMCID: PMC7552988 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacaziosis is a cutaneous mycosis caused by the fungus Lacazia loboi, described in different countries of Latin America and prevalent in the Amazon region. The ineffective immune response against the agent seems to be related to a Th2 pattern of cytokines. There are few reports exploring elements of the humoral response in these lesions. Our aim was to investigate some elements focusing on B cells, plasma cells and local expression of IgG and IgM antibodies. Forty skin biopsies of lower limbs were selected. The diagnosis of lacaziosis was based on direct mycological examination and histological analysis. The visualization of fungal cells was improved by using Gridley’s staining. An immunohistochemical protocol was performed to detect the expression of B cells, plasma cells, IgG and IgM. A double staining was performed to explore the presence of yeasts in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes, using an anti-AE1 AE3 antibody over Gridley’s staining. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and fibrosis. Fungal cells were frequent in the stratum corneum and in both, the dermis and, in 50% of the specimens, also in the epidermis. Cells expressing IgG were more abundant when compared to cells expressing IgM. B cells and the presence of IgG might indicate that the humoral response promotes a Th2 immune response resulting in an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Our results lead us to suggest a possible role of B cells and immunoglobulins in the mechanisms of lacaziosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Kanashiro-Galo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fernandes Alexandre
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tânia Cristina Barboza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Yasmin Francisca da Silva do Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marques Dos Santos Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Divisão de Clínica Dermatológica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Dermatologia Tropical, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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What is your diagnosis? Keloidal cord-like lesion on the leg. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:386-389. [PMID: 32312547 PMCID: PMC7253847 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 74-year-old male presented to an outpatient dermatology clinic in Manaus, Amazonas, with a one-year history of pruritic, keloidal lesions on his left lower extremity. Histopathology showed round structures in reticular dermis. Grocott methenamine silver stain revealed numerous round yeasts with thick double walls, occurring singly or in chains connected by tubular projections. The diagnosis was lobomycosis. Although the keloidal lesions presented by this patient are typical of lobomycosis, their linear distribution along the left lower limb is unusual.
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13
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Abstract
Lobomycosis is a disease that is endemic to the Amazon rainforest and is caused by the still uncultured fungus Lacazia loboi. This disease occurs in loggers, farmers, miners, fishermen, and persons living near coastal rivers of this region. We report 6 soldiers in Colombia in whom lobomycosis developed after military service in the Amazon area. The patients had nodular and keloid-like lesions on the face, neck, trunk, and limbs. The duration of illness ranged from 2 years to 15 years. The initial diagnosis was leishmaniasis on the basis of clinical manifestations and direct smear results, but biopsies confirmed the final diagnosis of lobomycosis. Treatment with surgical excision, itraconazole and clofazimine was satisfactory. However, the follow-up time was short. Healthcare professionals responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases need to be able to recognize the clinical signs of lobomycosis and differentiate them from those of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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14
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Immunohistochemical Cross-Reactivity Between Paracoccidioides sp. from Dolphins and Histoplasma capsulatum. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:793-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Araújo MG, Cirilo NS, dos Santos SNMB, Aguilar CR, Guedes ACM. Lobomycosis: a therapeutic challenge. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:279-281. [PMID: 29723380 PMCID: PMC5916408 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis or lacaziosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi. Most cases are restricted to tropical regions. Transmission is believed to occur through traumatic inoculation in the skin, mainly in exposed areas. It is characterized by keloid-like nodules. There are only a few hundred cases reported. The differential diagnoses include many skin conditions, and treatment is difficult. The reported case, initially diagnosed as keloid, proved to be refractory to surgical treatment alone. It was subsequently approached with extensive surgery, cryotherapy every three months and a combination of itraconazole and clofazimine for two years. No signs of clinical and histopathological activity were detected during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Grossi Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Dermatology Unit. Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Nathalie Silva Cirilo
- Medical Specialty Clinic, Medical Work Cooperative, Hospital das
Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) - Belo Horizonte
(MG), Brazil
| | | | - Claudemir Roberto Aguilar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Dermatology Unit. Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Martins Guedes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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16
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Vilela R, Bossart GD, St Leger JA, Dalton LM, Reif JS, Schaefer AM, McCarthy PJ, Fair PA, Mendoza L. Cutaneous Granulomas in Dolphins Caused by Novel Uncultivated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2063-2069. [PMID: 27869614 PMCID: PMC5189160 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our findings could stimulate study of public health implications of diseases caused by this fungus. Cutaneous granulomas in dolphins were believed to be caused by Lacazia loboi, which also causes a similar disease in humans. This hypothesis was recently challenged by reports that fungal DNA sequences from dolphins grouped this pathogen with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. We conducted phylogenetic analysis of fungi from 6 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with cutaneous granulomas and chains of yeast cells in infected tissues. Kex gene sequences of P. brasiliensis from dolphins showed 100% homology with sequences from cultivated P. brasiliensis, 73% with those of L. loboi, and 93% with those of P. lutzii. Parsimony analysis placed DNA sequences from dolphins within a cluster with human P. brasiliensis strains. This cluster was the sister taxon to P. lutzii and L. loboi. Our molecular data support previous findings and suggest that a novel uncultivated strain of P. brasiliensis restricted to cutaneous lesions in dolphins is probably the cause of lacaziosis/lobomycosis, herein referred to as paracoccidioidomycosis ceti.
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17
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Beltrame A, Danesi P, Farina C, Orza P, Perandin F, Zanardello C, Rodari P, Staffolani S, Bisoffi Z. Case Report: Molecular Confirmation of Lobomycosis in an Italian Traveler Acquired in the Amazon Region of Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1757-1760. [PMID: 29016315 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis is a chronic skin mycosis endemic in Amazon regions characterized by chronic nodular or keloidal lesions caused by Lacazia loboi, an uncultivable fungus. Imported cases in nonendemic countries are rare and diagnosed after years. We describe a case of lobomycosis in a healthy 55-year-old Italian traveler who had acquired the infection during 5-day-honeymoon in the Amazon region of Venezuela in 1999. Several weeks after return, he recalled pruritus and papular skin lesions on the left lower limb, subsequently evolving to a plaque-like lesion. Blastomycosis and cryptococcosis were hypothesized based on microscopic morphology of yeast-like bodies found in three consecutive biopsies, although fungal cultures were always negative. In 2016, exfoliative cytology and a biopsy specimen examination showed round yeast-like organisms (6-12 μm), isolated or in a chain, connected by short tubular projections fulfilling the morphologic diagnostic criteria of Lacazia spp. The microscopic diagnosis was confirmed by molecular identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beltrame
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Danesi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Farina
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pierantonio Orza
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Perandin
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rodari
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Staffolani
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
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18
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Byrne DD, Reboli AC. Rare Yeast Infections: Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Special Considerations. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Trichosporon asteroides Isolated from Cutaneous Lesions of a Suspected Case of "paracoccidioidomycosis ceti" in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Mycopathologia 2017; 182:937-946. [PMID: 28547342 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
"Paracoccidioidomycosis ceti" is a rare zoonotic fungal infection affecting dolphins and is endemic worldwide. The causative agents are Paracoccidioides species; however, it is impossible to isolate the fungal species. We isolated Trichosporon asteroides from multifocal, irregularly raised skin lesions on a female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) captured off coast of Japan, which was suspected to have "paracoccidioidomycosis ceti." An abundance of round, yeast-like cells was detected in a potassium hydroxide direct-mount specimen of the skin samples; however, nested PCR targeting the partial sequence of 43-kDa glycoprotein-coding gene correspondent to Paracoccidioides sp. was negative. Biopsied tissue samples were cultured on brain heart infusion agar plates supplemented with chloramphenicol, 1% yeast extract, and 4% sodium chloride (4% NaCl-BHI), on Mycosel agar with 4% sodium chloride (4% NaCl-Mycosel), and on potato dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (CPDA) at 35 °C for 4 weeks. Cream-colored and wrinkled colonies consisting of hyphae and arthroconidia grew on 4% NaCl-BHI and CPDA, while film-like colonies composed of arthroconidia and round yeast-like cells developed on 4% NaCl-Mycosel. Although these primary cultures resembled fresh isolates of P. brasiliensis, they were identified as Trichosporon asteroides based on routine mycological studies and the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal RNA sequences. The results suggested that trichosporonosis caused by T. asteroides might remain latent among cases of "paracoccidioidomycosis ceti" diagnosed without cultures and molecular biological analysis.
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20
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Magwaza NM, Nxumalo EN, Mamba BB, Msagati TAM. The Occurrence and Diversity of Waterborne Fungi in African Aquatic Systems: Their Impact on Water Quality and Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14050546. [PMID: 28531124 PMCID: PMC5451996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a worldwide growing interest in the occurrence and diversity of fungi and their secondary metabolites in aquatic systems, especially concerning their role in water quality and human health. However, this concern is hampered by the scant information that is available in the literature about aquatic fungi and how they affect water quality. There are only few published reports that link certain species of aquatic fungi to human health. The common aquatic fungal species that have been reported so far in African aquatic systems belong to the hyphomycetes kingdom. This paper thus aims to survey the information about the occurrence and factors that control the distribution of different species of fungi in African aquatic systems, as well as their effect on water quality and the possible metabolic pathways that lead to the formation of toxic secondary metabolites that are responsible for the deterioration of water quality. This review will also investigate the analytical and bioanalytical procedures that have been reported for the identification of different species of waterborne fungi and their secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontokozo M Magwaza
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Edward N Nxumalo
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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21
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Schaefer AM, Reif JS, Guzmán EA, Bossart GD, Ottuso P, Snyder J, Medalie N, Rosato R, Han S, Fair PA, McCarthy PJ. Toward the identification, characterization and experimental culture of Lacazia loboi from Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Med Mycol 2016; 54:659-65. [PMID: 27118803 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis (lacaziosis) is a chronic, granulomatous, fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of humans and dolphins. To date, the causative agent, the yeast-like organism Lacazia loboi, has not been grown in the laboratory, and there have been no recent reports describing attempts to culture the organism. As a result, studies on the efficacy of therapeutics and potential environmental reservoirs have not been conducted. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to utilize both classical and novel microbiological methods in order to stimulate growth of Lacazia cells collected from dolphin lesions. This included the experimental inoculation of novel media, cell culture, and the use of artificial skin matrices. Although unsuccessful, the methods and results of this study provide important insight into new approaches that could be utilized in future investigations of this elusive organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Schaefer
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL
| | - John S Reif
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Esther A Guzmán
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL
| | | | | | | | - Neil Medalie
- Pathology Associates of Indian River, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Ralph Rosato
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sushan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Patricia A Fair
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOS, NOAA, Charleston, SC
| | - Peter J McCarthy
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL
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22
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Detection of Multiple Budding Yeast Cells and a Partial Sequence of 43-kDa Glycoprotein Coding Gene of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from a Case of Lacaziosis in a Female Pacific White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). Mycopathologia 2016; 181:523-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-9988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Sacristán C, Réssio RA, Castilho P, Fernandes N, Costa-Silva S, Esperón F, Daura-Jorge FG, Groch KR, Kolesnikovas CKM, Marigo J, Ott PH, Oliveira LR, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Simões-Lopes PC, Catão-Dias JL. Lacaziosis-like disease in Tursiops truncatus from Brazil: a histopathological and immunohistochemical approach. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 117:229-235. [PMID: 26758656 DOI: 10.3354/dao02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cetacean lacaziosis-like disease or lobomycosis-like disease (LLD) is a chronic skin condition caused by a non-cultivable yeast of the order Onygenales, which also includes Lacazia loboi, as well as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii, respectively responsible for lacaziosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in humans. Complete identification and phylogenetic classification of the LLD etiological agent still needs to be elucidated, but preliminary phylogenetic analyses have shown a closer relationship of the LLD agent to Paracoccidioides spp. than to L. loboi. Cases of LLD in South American cetaceans based on photographic identification have been reported; however, to date, only 3 histologically confirmed cases of LLD have been described. We evaluated multiple tissue samples from 4 Tursiops truncatus stranded in the states of Santa Catarina (n = 3) and Rio Grande do Sul (n = 1), southern Brazil. Macroscopically, all animals presented lesions consistent with LLD. Hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Grocott's methenamine silver, and Mayer's mucicarmin stains were used for histological evaluation. Microscopically, numerous refractile yeasts (4-9 µm in diameter) were observed in skin samples (4/4), and for the first time in dolphins, also in a skeletal muscle abscess (1/4). Immunohistochemistry using anti-P. brasiliensis glycoprotein gp43 as a primary antibody, which is known to cross-react with L. loboi and the LLD agent, was performed and results were positive in all 4 cases. We describe 3 new cases of LLD in cetaceans based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of LLD in the muscle of cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sacristán
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (LAPCOM-VPT-FMVZ-USP), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
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Azevedo MDCS, Rosa PS, Soares CT, Fachin LRV, Baptista IMFD, Woods WJ, Garlet GP, Trombone APF, Belone ADFF. Analysis of Immune Response Markers in Jorge Lobo's Disease Lesions Suggests the Occurrence of Mixed T Helper Responses with the Dominance of Regulatory T Cell Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145814. [PMID: 26700881 PMCID: PMC4689386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Jorge Lobo's disease (JLD) is a chronic infection that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Its etiologic agent is the fungus Lacazia loboi. Lesions are classified as localized, multifocal, or disseminated, depending on their location. Early diagnosis and the surgical removal of lesions are the best therapeutic options currently available for JLD. The few studies that evaluate the immunological response of JLD patients show a predominance of Th2 response, as well as a high frequency of TGF-β and IL-10 positive cells in the lesions; however, the overall immunological status of the lesions in terms of their T cell phenotype has yet to be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) markers mRNA in JLD patients by means of real-time PCR. Biopsies of JLD lesions (N = 102) were classified according to their clinical and histopathological features and then analyzed using real-time PCR in order to determine the expression levels of TGF-β1, FoxP3, CTLA4, IKZF2, IL-10, T-bet, IFN-γ, GATA3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, RORC, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 and to compare these levels to those of healthy control skin (N = 12). The results showed an increased expression of FoxP3, CTLA4, TGF-β1, IL-10, T-bet, IL-17F, and IL-17A in lesions, while GATA3 and IL-4 levels were found to be lower in diseased skin than in the control group. When the clinical forms were compared, TGF-β1 was found to be highly expressed in patients with a single localized lesion while IL-5 and IL-17A levels were higher in patients with multiple/disseminated lesions. These results demonstrate the occurrence of mixed T helper responses and suggest the dominance of regulatory T cell activity, which could inhibit Th-dependent protective responses to intracellular fungi such as L. loboi. Therefore, Tregs may play a key role in JLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de C. S. Azevedo
- Departamento de Doenças Tropicais, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S. Rosa
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleverson T. Soares
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. V. Fachin
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William J. Woods
- Serviço Especializado em Dermatologia, Hospital das Clínicas do Acre, Rio Branco, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Garlet
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F. Trombone
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Van Bressem MF, Simões-Lopes PC, Félix F, Kiszka JJ, Daura-Jorge FG, Avila IC, Secchi ER, Flach L, Fruet PF, du Toit K, Ott PH, Elwen S, Di Giacomo AB, Wagner J, Banks A, Van Waerebeek K. Epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops spp. from South America and southern Africa. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 117:59-75. [PMID: 26575156 DOI: 10.3354/dao02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease (LLD), a cutaneous disorder evoking lobomycosis, in 658 common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from South America and 94 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins T. aduncus from southern Africa. Photographs and stranding records of 387 inshore residents, 60 inshore non-residents and 305 specimens of undetermined origin (inshore and offshore) were examined for the presence of LLD lesions from 2004 to 2015. Seventeen residents, 3 non-residents and 1 inshore dolphin of unknown residence status were positive. LLD lesions appeared as single or multiple, light grey to whitish nodules and plaques that may ulcerate and increase in size over time. Among resident dolphins, prevalence varied significantly among 4 communities, being low in Posorja (2.35%, n = 85), Ecuador, and high in Salinas, Ecuador (16.7%, n = 18), and Laguna, Brazil (14.3%, n = 42). LLD prevalence increased in 36 T. truncatus from Laguna from 5.6% in 2007-2009 to 13.9% in 2013-2014, albeit not significantly. The disease has persisted for years in dolphins from Mayotte, Laguna, Salinas, the Sanquianga National Park and Bahía Málaga (Colombia) but vanished from the Tramandaí Estuary and the Mampituba River (Brazil). The geographical range of LLD has expanded in Brazil, South Africa and Ecuador, in areas that have been regularly surveyed for 10 to 35 yr. Two of the 21 LLD-affected dolphins were found dead with extensive lesions in southern Brazil, and 2 others disappeared, and presumably died, in Ecuador. These observations stress the need for targeted epidemiological, histological and molecular studies of LLD in dolphins, especially in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Van Bressem
- Cetacean Conservation Medicine Group (CMED), Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Museo de Delfines, Pucusana, Peru
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Cheuret M, Miossec C, Milley S, Couppie P, Blanchet D, Aznar C. A 43-year-old Brazilian man with a chronic ulcerated lesion. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 59:264, 314-5. [PMID: 24973424 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cheuret
- Laboratoire hospitalier et universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale
| | - Charline Miossec
- Laboratoire hospitalier et universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale
| | - Sarah Milley
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne "Andrée Rosemon"
| | - Pierre Couppie
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne "Andrée Rosemon" Faculté de Médecine H. Bastaraud-UAG, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Denis Blanchet
- Laboratoire hospitalier et universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale
| | - Christine Aznar
- Laboratoire hospitalier et universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale Faculté de Médecine H. Bastaraud-UAG, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Eissa AE, M. Abu-Sei A. Synopsis on the Most Common Pathologies of Dolphins. JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2015.307.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Barbosa ASAA, Diório SM, Pedrini SCB, Silva SMUR, Sartori BGC, Calvi SA, Pereira PCM, Vilani-Moreno FR. Nutritional status and immune response in murine experimental Jorge Lobo's disease. Mycoses 2015; 58:522-30. [PMID: 26156007 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There are no studies investigating the role of nutritional status and immunity associated with Jorge Lobo's disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition on the immune response of BALB/c mice inoculated with Lacazia loboi. In this study,the animals were divided into four groups: G1: inoculated with restricted diet, G2: not inoculated with restricted diet, G3: inoculated with regular diet, G4: not inoculated with regular diet. The animals of groups G1 and G2 were submitted to malnutrition for 20 days and once installed the animals were inoculated intradermally into the footpad. After 4 months, they were euthanised for the isolation of peritoneal lavage cells and removal of the footpad. The production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, H2 O2 and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated in the peritoneal lavage cells. The footpad was evaluated regarding the size of macroscopic lesions, number of fungi and viability index. The results showed that the infection did not exert great influence on the body weight of the mice and previous malnutrition was an unfavourable factor for viability index, number of fungi, macroscopic lesion size in the footpad and production of H2 O2 , NO, IL-12, IL-10 and IFN-γ, suggesting that malnutrition significantly altered fungal activity and peritoneal cells. The results suggest considerable interaction between nutrition and immunity in Jorge Lobo's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sueli Aparecida Calvi
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Tajima Y, Sasaki K, Kashiwagi N, Yamada TK. A case of stranded Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) with lobomycosis-like skin lesions in Kinko-wan, Kagoshima, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:989-92. [PMID: 25866402 PMCID: PMC4565825 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis is a chronic fungal disease caused by the etiologic agent, Lacazia loboi, in the skin and subcutaneous tissues in humans and dolphins in tropical and transitional tropical climates. An Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) stranded in Kagoshima, Japan, had severe skin lesions characterized by granulomatous reactions and hyperkeratosis that were similar to those of the lobomycosis, but no fungal organism was observed in the skin lesion. In this paper, we report a stranded Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin with lobomycosis-like lesions based on pathological examinations in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tajima
- Division of Vertebrate, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
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Neglected fungal zoonoses: hidden threats to man and animals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:416-25. [PMID: 25769429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic fungi can be naturally transmitted between animals and humans, and in some cases cause significant public health problems. A number of mycoses associated with zoonotic transmission are among the group of the most common fungal diseases, worldwide. It is, however, notable that some fungal diseases with zoonotic potential have lacked adequate attention in international public health efforts, leading to insufficient attention on their preventive strategies. This review aims to highlight some mycoses whose zoonotic potential received less attention, including infections caused by Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, Lacazia loboi, Emmonsia spp., Basidiobolus ranarum, Conidiobolus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
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Nguyen LDN, Viscogliosi E, Delhaes L. The lung mycobiome: an emerging field of the human respiratory microbiome. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:89. [PMID: 25762987 PMCID: PMC4327734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung microbiome, which is believed to be stable or at least transient in healthy people, is now considered as a poly-microorganism component contributing to disease pathogenesis. Most research studies on the respiratory microbiome have focused on bacteria and their impact on lung health, but there is evidence that other non-bacterial organisms, comprising the viruses (virome) and fungi (mycobiome), are also likely to play an important role in healthy people as well as in patients. In the last few years, the lung mycobiome (previously named the fungal microbiota or microbiome) has drawn closer attention. There is growing evidence that the lung mycobiome has a significant impact on clinical outcome of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis. Thanks to advances in culture independent methods, especially next generation sequencing, a number of fungi not detected by culture methods have been molecularly identified in human lungs. It has been shown that the structure and diversity of the lung mycobiome vary in different populations (healthy and different diseased individuals) which could play a role in CRD. Moreover, the link between lung mycobiome and different biomes of other body sites, especially the gut, has also been unraveled. By interacting with the bacteriome and/or virome, the respiratory mycobiome appears to be a cofactor in inflammation and in the host immune response, and therefore may contribute to the decline of the lung function and the disease progression. In this review, we report the recent limited explorations of the human respiratory mycobiome, and discuss the mycobiome’s connections with other local microbial communities, as well as the relationships with the different biomes of other body sites. These studies suggest several outlooks for this understudied emerging field, which will certainly call for a renewal of our understanding of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh D N Nguyen
- Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Lille Pasteur Institute, University of Lille Nord de France , Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Lille Pasteur Institute, University of Lille Nord de France , Lille, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Lille Pasteur Institute, University of Lille Nord de France , Lille, France ; Parasitology-Mycology Department, Hospital University Center, Faculty of Medicine , Lille, France
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Sifuentes-Osornio J, Torres-Gonzalez P, Ponce-de-Leon A. Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-European Fungal Infections. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-014-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Francesconi VA, Klein AP, Santos APBG, Ramasawmy R, Francesconi F. Lobomycosis: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014; 10:851-60. [PMID: 25328400 PMCID: PMC4199563 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s46251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of chronic evolution caused by the Lacazia loboi fungus. Its distribution is almost exclusive in the Americas, and it has a particularly high prevalence in the Amazon basin. Cases of lobomycosis have been reported only in dolphins and humans. Its prevalence is higher among men who are active in the forest, such as rubber tappers, bushmen, miners, and Indian men. It is recognized that the traumatic implantation of the fungus on the skin is the route by which humans acquire this infection. The lesions affect mainly exposed areas such as the auricles and upper and lower limbs and are typically presented as keloid-like lesions. Currently, surgical removal is the therapeutic procedure of choice in initial cases. Despite the existing data and studies to date, the active immune mechanisms in this infection and its involvement in the control or development of lacaziosis have not been fully clarified. In recent years, little progress has been made in the appraisal of the epidemiologic aspects of the disease. So far, we have neither a population-based study nor any evaluation directed to the forest workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Department of Immunogenetics, Tropical Medicine Foundation Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fábio Francesconi
- Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Foundation Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Bessesen BL, Oviedo L, Burdett Hart L, Herra-Miranda D, Pacheco-Polanco JD, Baker L, Saborío-Rodriguez G, Bermúdez-Villapol L, Acevedo-Gutiérrez A. Lacaziosis-like disease among bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus photographed in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 107:173-180. [PMID: 24429468 DOI: 10.3354/dao02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lacaziosis (also known as lobomycosis) is a chronic dermal disease caused by the fungal agent Lacazia loboi, which affects both humans and dolphins. Photographic data have been used to identify lacaziosis-like disease (LLD) among dolphins in the waters of North and South America, and here we report LLD in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus off the coast of Costa Rica, the first reporting in Central American waters. During the periods of 1991 to 1992 and 2010 to 2011, 3 research teams conducted separate dolphin surveys in the Pacific tropical fiord Golfo Dulce, and each documented skin lesions in the resident population of bottlenose dolphins. Photo-ID records were used to identify LLD-affected bottlenose dolphins and to assess their lesions. Findings showed between 13.2 and 16.1% of the identified dolphins exhibited lesions grossly resembling lacaziosis. By combining efforts and cross-referencing photographic data, the teams explored the presence of LLD in Golfo Dulce over a time gap of approximately 20 yr. Our findings expand the geographical range of the disease and offer insight into its longevity within a given population of dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Bessesen
- Joyce Corrigan Memorial Care Center, Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, Arizona 85008, USA
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Reif JS, Schaefer AM, Bossart GD. Lobomycosis: risk of zoonotic transmission from dolphins to humans. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:689-93. [PMID: 23919604 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobomycosis, a fungal disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by Lacazia loboi, is sometimes referred to as a zoonotic disease because it affects only specific delphinidae and humans; however, the evidence that it can be transferred directly to humans from dolphins is weak. Dolphins have also been postulated to be responsible for an apparent geographic expansion of the disease in humans. Morphological and molecular differences between the human and dolphin organisms, differences in geographic distribution of the diseases between dolphins and humans, the existence of only a single documented case of presumed zoonotic transmission, and anecdotal evidence of lack of transmission to humans following accidental inoculation of tissue from infected dolphins do not support the hypothesis that dolphins infected with L. loboi represent a zoonotic hazard for humans. In addition, the lack of human cases in communities adjacent to coastal estuaries with a high prevalence of lobomycosis in dolphins, such as the Indian River Lagoon in Florida (IRL), suggests that direct or indirect transmission of L. loboi from dolphins to humans occurs rarely, if at all. Nonetheless, attention to personal hygiene and general principals of infection control are always appropriate when handling tissues from an animal with a presumptive diagnosis of a mycotic or fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Reif
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
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Jeunon T, de Jesus Barreto Rodrigues PA, Rocha TCG, de Oliveira Bezerra M, Galhardo MCG, do Valle ACF. Multiple confluent reddish nodules. Dermatol Pract Concept 2013; 3:15-20. [PMID: 24106656 PMCID: PMC3791966 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0303a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Jeunon
- Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; ID - Investigação em Dermatologia, Brazil
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Abstract
Lacaziosis, formerly called lobomycosis, caused byLacazia loboi, is a zoonotic mycosis found in humans and dolphins and is endemic in the countries on the Atlantic Ocean. Although the Japanese coast is not considered an endemic area, photographic records of lacaziosis-like skin lesions were found in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that were migrating in the Goto Islands (Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan). We diagnosed 2 cases of lacaziosis in bottlenose dolphins captured simultaneously at the same coast within Japanese territory on the basis of clinical characteristics, cytology, histopathology, immunological tests, and detection of partial sequences of a 43 kDa glycoprotein coding gene (gp43) with a nested-PCR system. The granulomatous skin lesions from the present cases were similar to those found in animals from endemic areas, containing multiple budding and chains of round yeast cells and positive in the immune-staining with anti-Paracoccidioides brasiliensisserum which is a fungal species related toL. loboi; however, thegp43gene sequences derived from the present cases showed 94.1% homology toP. brasiliensisand 84.1% toL. loboi. We confirmed that the causative agent at the present cases was different genotype ofL. loboifrom Amazon area.
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Papadavid E, Dalamaga M, Kapniari I, Pantelidaki E, Papageorgiou S, Pappa V, Tsirigotis P, Dervenoulas I, Stavrianeas N, Rigopoulos D. Lobomycosis: A case from Southeastern Europe and review of the literature. J Dermatol Case Rep 2012; 6:65-9. [PMID: 23091581 DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2012.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lobomycosis, also known as Jorge Lobo's disease, represents a rare chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by the fungus Lacazia loboi, an organism that is found within lesions but has not been cultured to date. The natural reservoir of L. loboi is unknown but it is believed to be aquatic, or associated with soil and vegetation. More than 550 human cases have been reported, especially in patients with a history of travel or residence in endemic areas (Central and South America, particularly Brazil) or in communities along rivers. MAIN OBSERVATIONS We describe a 64-year-old Greek female farmer living in a coastal region, who presented with an erythematous plaque on her left inner thigh resembling a keloid. The diagnosis was based on the triad: 1) absence of fungal growth in cultures, 2) positive direct microscopic examination of the lesion and 3) histopathology, all consistent with lobomycosis. Particularly, skin biopsy showed deep cutaneous fungal infection with granulomatous reaction. Fungal cells were found inside giant cells. The fungi were thick-walled with some budding, isolated or in short chains. Dermal fibrosis was present. Our patient had a medical history of common variable immunodeficiency but no history of travel to South or Central America. She probably acquired this rare infection by injury during her agricultural works. CONCLUSION Our case represents probably the first documented case of human lobomycosis in Southeastern Europe. This case is unusual due to the rarity of lobomycosis in Mediterranean countries, particularly in Southeastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Papadavid
- 2nd Department of Dermatology, Athens University School of Medicine, Attikon General University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
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