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Bolarin A, Berndtson J, Tejerina F, Cobos S, Pomarino C, D'Alessio F, Blackburn H, Kaeoket K. Boar semen cryopreservation: State of the art, and international trade vision. Anim Reprod Sci 2024:107496. [PMID: 38763787 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Biosecurity is a major concern in the global pig production. The separation in time of semen collection, processing and insemination in the pig farm is a few days for chilled semen but it can be indefinite when using cryopreserved semen. Field fertility results of boar cryopreserved semen are close to chilled semen, which makes it a valuable resource for the establishment of semen genebanks, long-distance semen trade, and the implementation of other technologies such as the sex-sorted semen. But cryopreserved semen is far from being routine in pig farms. The most recent research efforts to facilitate its implementation include the use of additives before freezing, or in the thawing extender. Long-term preserved semen trade is a biosecurity challenge. To harmonize international trade of germplasm, the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH) established a regulatory framework for all member countries. The present paper aims to review the latest advances of boar semen cryopreservation with special focus on the benefits of its inclusion as a routine tool in the pig industry. We also review recently reported field fertility results of cryopreserved semen, its international trade compared to chilled semen, and the regulatory framework involved. Boar cryopreserved semen is a valuable tool to control biosecurity risk, implement other technologies, and facilitate international trade. Research already demonstrated good field fertility results, but it still represents less than 0.1 % of the international trade. As boar cryopreserved semen gets closer to implementation, the correspondent authorities are reviewing the trade rules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Tejerina
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. General Sub-directorate of Livestock Inputs, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cobos
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. General Sub-directorate of Health Agreements and Border Control, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Pomarino
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. General Sub-directorate of Animal Health and Hygiene and Traceability, Madrid, Spain
| | - F D'Alessio
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - H Blackburn
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Germplasm Program, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - K Kaeoket
- Semen Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon-Pathom 73170, Thailand
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2
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Miller DJ. Sperm in the Mammalian Female Reproductive Tract: Surfing Through the Tract to Try to Beat the Odds. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:301-319. [PMID: 37906840 PMCID: PMC11149062 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm are deposited in the vagina or the cervix/uterus at coitus or at artificial insemination, and the fertilizing sperm move through the female reproductive tract to the ampulla of the oviduct, the site of fertilization. But the destination of most sperm is not the oviduct. Most sperm are carried by retrograde fluid flow to the vagina, are phagocytosed, and/or do not pass barriers on the pathway to the oviduct. The sperm that reach the site of fertilization are the exceptions and winners of one of the most stringent selection processes in nature. This review discusses the challenges sperm encounter and how the few sperm that reach the site of fertilization overcome them. The sperm that reach the goal must navigate viscoelastic fluid, swim vigorously and cooperatively along the walls of the female tract, avoid the innate immune system, and respond to potential cues to direct their movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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Yousef MS, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Talukder AK, Miyamoto A. Ovulatory follicular fluid induces sperm phagocytosis by neutrophils, but oviductal fluid around oestrus suppresses its inflammatory effect in the buffalo oviduct in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:835-846. [PMID: 31081144 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the conditioned media from bovine oviductal epithelial cell culture suppress sperm phagocytosis by neutrophils, suggesting that the oviduct around oestrus supplies the anti-inflammatory microenvironment. To investigate the immune response of neutrophils toward the sperm at ovulation in the buffalo oviduct, we examined (a) a detailed distribution of neutrophils in the oviduct in buffaloes, (b) the effect of ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) and oviductal fluid (OF) on sperm phagocytosis by neutrophils, and (c) the interaction of the ovulatory FF with OF on sperm phagocytosis by neutrophils in vitro. Buffalo oviducts were collected from healthy reproductive tracts at a local slaughterhouse. A detailed observation by histological examination and transmission electron microscopy revealed that neutrophils exist in the oviduct epithelium and lumen throughout the oestrous cycle in buffaloes. The number of neutrophils at the oestrus stage was higher in ampulla compared with those in isthmus, whereas they remained relatively constant at the dioestrus stage. Two hours of preincubation of neutrophils with FF enhanced sperm phagocytosis through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) together with H2 O2 production, whereas OF around oestrus (eOF) suppressed sperm phagocytosis, NETs formation, and H2 O2 production and relieved the above FF-induced inflammatory response. Our findings show that neutrophils exist in the healthy cyclic oviduct across bovine species, and the OF supplies a strong anti-inflammatory environment that could minimize the inflammatory effect of the FF that flows into the oviduct lumen after ovulation and supports the occurrence of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Yousef
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Anup K Talukder
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Expression of Immune Regulatory Genes in the Porcine Internal Genital Tract Is Differentially Triggered by Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030513. [PMID: 30691059 PMCID: PMC6387272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating or cervical deposition of spermatozoa or seminal plasma (SP) modifies the expression of genes affecting local immune defense processes at the oviductal sperm reservoir in animals with internal fertilization, frequently by down-regulation. Such responses may occur alongside sperm transport to or even beyond the reservoir. Here, immune-related gene expression was explored with cDNA microarrays on porcine cervix-to-infundibulum tissues, pre-/peri-ovulation. Samples were collected 24 h post-mating or cervical deposition of sperm-peak spermatozoa or SP (from the sperm-peak fraction or the whole ejaculate). All treatments of this interventional study affected gene expression. The concerted action of spermatozoa and SP down-regulated chemokine and cytokine (P00031), interferon-gamma signaling (P00035), and JAK/STAT (P00038) pathways in segments up to the sperm reservoir (utero-tubal junction (UTJ)/isthmus). Spermatozoa in the vanguard sperm-peak fraction (P1-AI), uniquely displayed an up-regulatory effect on these pathways in the ampulla and infundibulum. Sperm-free SP, on the other hand, did not lead to major effects on gene expression, despite the clinical notion that SP mitigates reactivity by the female immune system after mating or artificial insemination.
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Käser T, Renois F, Wilson HL, Cnudde T, Gerdts V, Dillon JAR, Jungersen G, Agerholm JS, Meurens F. Contribution of the swine model in the study of human sexually transmitted infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:346-360. [PMID: 29175001 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pig has garnered more and more interest as a model animal to study various conditions in humans. The growing success of the pig as an experimental animal model is explained by its similarities with humans in terms of anatomy, genetics, immunology, and physiology, by their manageable behavior and size, and by the general public acceptance of using pigs for experimental purposes. In addition, the immunological toolbox of pigs has grown substantially in the last decade. This development led to a boost in the use of pigs as a preclinical model for various human infections including sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) like Chlamydia trachomatis. In the current review, we discuss the use of animal models for biomedical research on the major human STIs. We summarize results obtained in the most common animal models and focus on the contributions of the pig model towards the understanding of pathogenesis and the host immune response. In addition, we present the main features of the porcine model that are particularly relevant for the study of pathogens affecting human female and male genital tracts. We also inform on the technological advancements in the porcine toolbox to facilitate new discoveries in this biologically important animal model. There is a continued need for improvements in animal modeling for biomedical research inclusive STI research. With all its advantages and the highly improved toolbox, the porcine model can play a crucial role in STI research and open the door to new exciting discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 27607 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fanny Renois
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR INRA 1329, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Thomas Cnudde
- BIOMAP, Laboratoire Biomédicaments Anti-Parasitaires, ISP, UMR INRA 1282, Université Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R Dillon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen S Agerholm
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lorenzen E, Follmann F, Jungersen G, Agerholm JS. A review of the human vs. porcine female genital tract and associated immune system in the perspective of using minipigs as a model of human genital Chlamydia infection. Vet Res 2015; 46:116. [PMID: 26411309 PMCID: PMC4586017 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases constitute major health issues and their prevention and treatment continue to challenge the health care systems worldwide. Animal models are essential for a deeper understanding of the diseases and the development of safe and protective vaccines. Currently a good predictive non-rodent model is needed for the study of genital chlamydia in women. The pig has become an increasingly popular model for human diseases due to its close similarities to humans. The aim of this review is to compare the porcine and human female genital tract and associated immune system in the perspective of genital Chlamydia infection. The comparison of women and sows has shown that despite some gross anatomical differences, the structures and proportion of layers undergoing cyclic alterations are very similar. Reproductive hormonal cycles are closely related, only showing a slight difference in cycle length and source of luteolysing hormone. The epithelium and functional layers of the endometrium show similar cyclic changes. The immune system in pigs is very similar to that of humans, even though pigs have a higher percentage of CD4(+)/CD8(+) double positive T cells. The genital immune system is also very similar in terms of the cyclic fluctuations in the mucosal antibody levels, but differs slightly regarding immune cell infiltration in the genital mucosa - predominantly due to the influx of neutrophils in the porcine endometrium during estrus. The vaginal flora in Göttingen Minipigs is not dominated by lactobacilli as in humans. The vaginal pH is around 7 in Göttingen Minipigs, compared to the more acidic vaginal pH around 3.5-5 in women. This review reveals important similarities between the human and porcine female reproductive tracts and proposes the pig as an advantageous supplementary model of human genital Chlamydia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lorenzen
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frank Follmann
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen S Agerholm
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Juárez-Mosqueda ML, Anzaldúa Arce SR, Palma Lara I, García Dalmán C, Cornejo Cortés MA, Córdova Izquierdo A, Villaseñor Gaona H, Trujillo Ortega ME. Oestrus Synchronization Treatment Induces Histomorphological Changes on the Uterine Tube Epithelium of the Gilt. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:441-51. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Juárez-Mosqueda
- Departamento de Morfología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Avenida Universidad #3000 Delegación Coyoacán D.F. CP 04510 México D.F. México
| | - S. R. Anzaldúa Arce
- Departamento de Morfología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Avenida Universidad #3000 Delegación Coyoacán D.F. CP 04510 México D.F. México
| | - I. Palma Lara
- Departamento de Morfología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Avenida Universidad #3000 Delegación Coyoacán D.F. CP 04510 México D.F. México
- Molecular and Celular Morphology Laboratory; Escuela Superior de Medicina; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón CP 11340 México D.F. México
| | - C. García Dalmán
- Departamento de Morfología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Avenida Universidad #3000 Delegación Coyoacán D.F. CP 04510 México D.F. México
| | - M. A. Cornejo Cortés
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala Cuautitlán Izcalli C.P. 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli Edo. de México México
| | - A. Córdova Izquierdo
- Departamento de producción agrícola Animal; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Unidad Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso #1100 Colonia Villa quietud CP 04960 México D.F. México
| | - H. Villaseñor Gaona
- Departamento de Morfología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Avenida Universidad #3000 Delegación Coyoacán D.F. CP 04510 México D.F. México
| | - M. E. Trujillo Ortega
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Avenida Universidad #3000 Delegación Coyoacán D.F. CP 04510 México D.F. México
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8
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Argañaraz ME, Apichela SA, Kenngott R, Vermeheren M, Rodler D, Palma GA, Miceli DC, Sinowatz F. Expression and localization of nodal in bovine oviduct and uterus during different functional stages of oestrus cycle and pregnancy. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 139:89-97. [PMID: 23052837 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of TGF-β superfamily play a major role in the endometrial changes involved in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Their deregulated expression and action could lead to absolute or partial failure of embryo implantation. Nonetheless, the precise function and mechanism of many of these cytokines remain unclear. Nodal, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily member, was characterized in the human and rodent uterus and implicated in the tissue remodeling events during menstruation and embryo implantation. In order to study its possible role in the cattle reproductive process, we have analyzed Nodal expression pattern and localization in the oviduct and uterine horn during the oestrus cycle and early pregnancy (day 20). Nodal was detected both in oviduct and uterus during either the oestrus cycle or pregnancy; however, it shows a differential expression profile in the uterine horn at dioestrus and pregnancy, decreasing 1.5 and 1.4 folds in comparison with oestrus. Nodal immunostaining intensity was observed in stromal and in epithelial cells of the surface and the glandular epithelium. The staining pattern correlates with the RT-qPCR expression profile. This work is the first to evidence the presence of Nodal in the bovine reproductive tract; our data suggest that Nodal is a novel cytokine that would be involved in the remodelling occurring in the endometrium of cattle during the oestrus cycle and in the embryo implantation. The identification of new molecules that participate in endometrium cycling and/or pregnancy may be useful for predicting the ability of the uterine tissue to establish and maintain pregnancy or for detecting the infertility processes. These results highlight Nodal as a possible novel marker of the fertility process, nevertheless further studies should be done to determine its role in the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eduardo Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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9
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Katarzyna SM, Wiesław B, Anna R. The tunica mucosa of the oviduct in case of ovarian cysts presence in sows. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 1:148-156. [PMID: 21071354 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfavorable morphological changes in the oviductal mucosa may lead to infertility in females and be one of the reasons for slaughtering of farm animals. The aim of study was to investigate the morphological changes in the epithelium of oviductal mucosa of sows with ovarian cysts. The oviducts of 18 sows were obtained after slaughter. Sows were divided into three groups: 1st group - 6 sows with polycystic ovaries, 2nd group - 6 sows with single cysts, 3rd group - 6 sows without ovarian cysts. The epithelium was examined by light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Ciliated and secretory cells were count on 150 μm segments in apical and basal zone of folds both in ampulla and isthmus. We analyzed the number of cells in 5 folds in both these oviductal parts in dexter and sinister oviduct. We have noted unfavorable changes in oviductal mucosa consisting in increase of the secretory cells with simultaneous decrease of ciliated cells. The correlations between the general occurrence of ovarian cysts and the morphological state of epithelium of oviductal tunica mucosa were determined. The changes in proportion of cells occurred both in ampulla and isthmus. The excessive secretion covering epithelium promotes agglutinations and adhesions of the tubal folds and occlusion of the oviduct. These alterations may create problems in the migration of gametes and prevent the movements of the zygote towards the uterus and cause some disturbances in conceptus development in its early stages. Results suggest that COD is connected with unfavorable morphological and functional changes within epithelium of the oviductal tunica mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szulańczyk-Mencel Katarzyna
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Science, Wrocław, Poland
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Jiwakanon J, Berg M, Persson E, Fossum C, Dalin AM. Cytokine expression in the gilt oviduct: effects of seminal plasma, spermatozoa and extender after insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 119:244-57. [PMID: 20171026 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effects of semen components [fresh semen in extender, spermatozoa in extender (Spz), seminal plasma (SP)], or extender alone (Beltsville thawing solution, BTS) on the expression of selected cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1)] as well as the presence of cells positive for CD8 or CD25 were studied in the pig oviduct. In addition, cytokines in SP and oviductal flushings were analyzed. In experiment (Exp) I, groups of gilts were sampled at 5-6h after insemination with SP, Spz, fresh semen in BTS or only BTS (control). In Exp II, gilts were sampled 35-40 h after insemination with SP, Spz, BTS or only catheter insertion (control). Most oviductal flushing samples were positive (> or =detectable limits) for IL-10 and TGF-beta1 but only few for IL-6. The IHC-labelling of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta1 was evident, especially in the epithelial cells of the isthmus and infundibulum as well as in the cells of the regional (mesometrial) lymph node. Cilia of the epithelium were positive for IL-6 (strongest in the infundibulum) and TGF-beta1 (strongest in the isthmus) but negative for IL-10. There were no consistent differences in IHC-labelling of the cytokines in relation to different treatments, except at 35-40 h after insemination (Exp II), when IL-6 was slightly higher in epithelium of the SP group and IL-10 in the infundibular connective tissue was higher in the SP and Spz groups. In the isthmus and infundibulum, there were no differences between animals inseminated with BTS (control) and the semen components for any of the cytokine mRNAs at 5-6h after insemination (Exp I). However, later (35-40 h, Exp II), insemination with SP, Spz and BTS alone appeared to up-regulate TGF-beta1 mRNA expression compared with the control group (without any fluid infused). In all treatment groups, the mRNA level for TGF-beta1 was higher than for IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10. Higher mRNA levels of all cytokines were found in the isthmus compared with the infundibulum. Numbers of CD8-positive cells (both in epithelium and connective tissue) appeared higher in the infundibulum compared with the isthmus and were mostly higher shortly (Exp I) after treatment with SP, SPZ and BTS than later (Exp II) in both segments. CD25-positive cells were few and found solely in the sub-epithelial connective tissue. The results indicate that in the porcine oviduct, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta1 are endogenous produced and that TGF-beta1 may have a more important role for immunomodulation than the other cytokines, especially in isthmus. Differences between isthmus and infundibulum in cytokine mRNA expression and in presence of CD8-positive cells indicate different patterns of immune reactivity in the upper and lower parts of the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiwakanon
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Rodriguez-Martinez H, Saravia F, Wallgren M, Martinez EA, Sanz L, Roca J, Vazquez JM, Calvete JJ. Spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II heterodimer induces migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into the uterine cavity of the sow. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 84:57-65. [PMID: 19948361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) is a complex fluid which exerts biological actions in the female reproductive tract. In pigs, SP elicits endometrial inflammation and consequent immune changes after mating. This study tested whether heparin-binding spermadhesins (HBPs) and the heterodimer of porcine sperm adhesions I and II (PSP-I/PSP-II) in SP recruit different lymphocyte subsets (CD2(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells) or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the superficial endometrium or luminal epithelium and lumen, respectively, of oestrous sows. In Experiment 1, endometrial biopsies were taken between 2 and 120 min after infusion of uterine horns with HBPs, PSP-I/PSP-II or saline and evaluated by immunohistochemistry or histology. In Experiment 2, the uterus of oestrous sows was infused with PSP-I/PSP-II or saline to assess PMN numbers in the uterine lumen 3h later. PSP-I/PSP-II elicited CD2+ T cell recruitment from 10 min, and CD8(+) T cells from 60 min after infusion, while HBPs increased CD4(+) T cell recruitment by 120 min. PSP-I/PSP-II but not HBPs induced PMN migration to the surface epithelium by 10 min. PMN numbers were elevated 5-fold by 30 min and 7-fold from 60 min, with PMNs detectable in the lumen from 30 min after infusion. Six-fold more PMNs were collected from the uterine lumen of PSP-I/PSP-II-infused sows compared to controls at 3h after infusion. These data show that PSP-I/PSP-II heterodimer in seminal plasma has a predominant role in triggering the recruitment of uterine PMNs and T cells after mating, initiating a cascade of transient and long-lasting immunological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rodriguez-Martinez
- Division of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FVMAS), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Distribution of eosinophil granulocytes and mast cells in the reproductive tract of female goats in the preimplantation phase. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33:545-54. [PMID: 19184632 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in eosinophil granulocytes and mast cells post-insemination may affect conceptus implantation, but information regarding the numbers of such cells in the mammalian reproductive tract is limited. This study investigated the preimplantation distribution of eosinophil granulocytes and mast cells (MCs) in the reproductive tract organs of female goats. Uterus, uterine cervix and uterine tubes samples were obtained at slaughter. Cornu uteri were washed in phosphate buffer solution (each animal contained at least one embryo). Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formol, Carnoy solution and Mota's fixative (basic lead acetate) for 48 h and embedded in paraffin. Six-micrometre-thick sections were stained with Congo red (for eosinophil granulocytes) and toluidine blue in 1% aqueous solution at pH 1.0 for 5 min (for MCs). In the uterus, MCs occurred in highest numbers in the myometrium. Higher MC numbers were observed in uterus, uterine and uterine tubes in the preimplantation (experimental) group (cycle synchronised through 7 days intravaginal sponge with 0.3 g P(4)) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Eosinophil granulocyte numbers were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate preimplantation-related changes in numbers of eosinophil granulocytes and MCs in goat reproductive tract organs.
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Steffl M, Schweiger M, Sugiyama T, Amselgruber W. Review of apoptotic and non-apoptotic events in non-ciliated cells of the mammalian oviduct. Ann Anat 2008; 190:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Georgiou AS, Snijders APL, Sostaric E, Aflatoonian R, Vazquez JL, Vazquez JM, Roca J, Martinez EA, Wright PC, Fazeli A. Modulation of The Oviductal Environment by Gametes. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:4656-66. [DOI: 10.1021/pr070349m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stephen Georgiou
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ambrosius P. L. Snijders
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Edita Sostaric
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose L. Vazquez
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Vazquez
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A. Martinez
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Phillip C. Wright
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom, Biological and Environmental Systems Group, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom, and Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30.071 Murcia, Spain
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Jiwakanon J, Persson E, Dalin AM. The influence of pre- and post-ovulatory insemination and early pregnancy on the infiltration by cells of the immune system in the sow oviduct. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 41:455-66. [PMID: 16984353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pre- and post-ovulatory insemination and early pregnancy on the distribution of immune cells in the oviduct. Eighteen sows were pre-ovulatory and sixteen sows were post-ovulatory inseminated and slaughtered at different times, 5-6 h after insemination, 20-25 h and approximately 70 h after ovulation, day 11 and day 19. Immediately after slaughter, oviductal samples of three different segments (isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum) were fixed, embedded in plastic resin and stained with toluidine blue or cryofixed and stored in a freezer at -70 degrees C until analysed by immunohistochemistry (pre-ovulatory inseminated sows) with an avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Quantitative and qualitative examinations of oviductal epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue were performed by light microscopy. After pre- or post-ovulatory insemination, neutrophils were not observed in the oviductal epithelium from any of the segments or groups. The numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes of all sows as well as CD2- and CD3-positive cells of the pre-ovulatory inseminated sows were higher in the infundibulum than in the other segments (p < or = 0.001). In the subepithelial connective tissue of the pre-ovulatory inseminated sows, significantly higher numbers of lymphocytes (p < or = 0.001) and plasma cells (p < or = 0.001) were found in infundibulum than in isthmus. Neutrophils were found mainly in infundibulum, the number approximately 40 h after pre-ovulatory insemination was significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) than in the other groups and segments. Significantly higher numbers of CD2 than CD3-positive cells were found for all groups and segments. In the subepithelial connective tissue of post-ovulatory inseminated sows, the numbers of lymphocytes was higher (p < or = 0.001) at day 19 than up to 50 h after insemination and lower (p < or = 0.001) in isthmus than in ampulla and infundibulum. Neutrophils were found in infundibulum in almost all groups and the number was significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) in the infundibulum up to 50 h after insemination than in other segments. In the oviductal epithelium, no influence of insemination was found on the presence of phagocytes, i.e. neutrophils and macrophages, but on lymphocytes. In the infundibular connective tissue, pre-ovulatory insemination had an effect on neutrophil distribution, indicating an active immune response to insemination in the upper segment. Post-ovulatory insemination changed the oviductal immune cell pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiwakanon
- Division of Comparative Reproduction, Obstetrics and Udder Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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Kauffold J, Melzer F, Berndt A, Hoffmann G, Hotzel H, Sachse K. Chlamydiae in oviducts and uteri of repeat breeder pigs. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1816-23. [PMID: 16837032 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydial infections of the genital organs cause reproductive failure in female pigs, and the uterus is recognized a target tissue for an infection. In contrast, information on the effect of chlamydiae on the porcine oviduct is patchily and inconclusive, although the bacteria are known to cause severe tubal defects in humans and laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to examine the segments ampulla (A), isthmus (I) and utero-tubal junction of the left (n=20) or both (n=22) oviducts, and uteri (U) from 42 culled repeat breeder pigs for chlamydiae using ompA-PCR, partial ompA gene sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and microscopy of tissue specimens for histopathology. As revealed by PCR, among a total of 26 chlamydia-positive females, 19 were tested positive in one or more segments of one or both oviducts, 14 were found positive in the uterus, and concomitant infections of both organs were observed in 7 of them. Sequencing of 33 PCR products revealed the following chlamydial species: Chlamydophila (Cp.) psittaci (n=18), Cp. abortus (n=2), Chlamydia (C.) suis (n=10), and C. trachomatis (n=3). Immunopositive staining was observed within the surface epithelium (in A, I, U), stromal tissue (in I, U) and muscular layer (in A, I, U). A total of 24 females had inflamed oviductal segments (in A and/or I) and 36 inflamed uteri. However, there was no relationship between histopathology and results of PCR or IHC. In conclusion, chlamydiae were found to infect oviducts and uteri of pigs. Further studies are required to clarify whether chlamydial infection causes specific histopathology and alters tubal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kauffold
- Large Animal Clinic for Theriogenology and Ambulatory Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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