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Ibrahim S, Shin S, Talha NAH, Jeon Y, Yu IJ. Effect of Trehalose Supplementation in Egg-Yolk-Free Extender on Conventional Parameters and Gene Expression Related to Reactive Oxygen Species, Apoptosis, and Motility of Frozen Dog Spermatozoa. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:395-403. [PMID: 38452158 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trehalose supplementation in egg-yolk (EY)-free tris extender on dog spermatozoa. Pooled spermatozoa were diluted with extender 1 (EY-free tris extender supplemented with 0, 10, 15, 20, or 30 mM trehalose) and cooled (2 × 108 sperm/mL) for 1 hour at 4°C. After that, extender 2 (extender 1 containing 1 M glycerol) was added (v:v) to the diluted sperm, loaded in 0.5-mL straws (1 × 108 sperm/mL), and incubated at 4°C for 30 minutes. The sperm straws were frozen over liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor for 20 minutes and then plunged directly into LN2. After thawing at 37°C for 25 seconds, sperm progressive motility (CASA), viability (SYBR-14/PI), apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFDA/PI) were evaluated. Thereafter, the optimal concentrations of trehalose were selected, and the gene expression of BAX, BCL2, NOX5, SMOX, OGG1, and ROMO1 was evaluated after freeze-thawing. Supplementation with 20 and 30 mM trehalose significantly increased sperm progressive motility and viability compared to the control. However, trehalose had no significant effect on sperm ROS or phosphatidylserine translocation index. There were minor numerical increases and decreases in gene expression when the selected optimal concentrations of trehalose (20 and 30 mM) were compared to the control. However, there were no significant differences. We conclude that the addition of trehalose (20 and 30 mM) in EY-free extender could improve sperm motility and viability without significant effects on ROS, apoptosis, or gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddah Ibrahim
- Department of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sangmin Shin
- Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Nabeel Abdelbagi Hamad Talha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yubyeol Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Il-Jeoung Yu
- Department of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
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2
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Sun P, Zhang G, Xian M, Zhang G, Wen F, Hu Z, Hu J. Proteomic Analysis of Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa with Different Levels of Freezability in Dairy Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15550. [PMID: 37958534 PMCID: PMC10648040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of artificial insemination (AI) are adversely affected by changes in sperm motility and function throughout the cryopreservation procedure. The proteome alterations of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with various levels of freezability in dairy goats, however, remain largely unknown. To discover differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their roles in dairy goat sperm with high or low freezability (HF or LF), we conducted 4D-DIA quantitative proteomics analysis, the results of which are presented in this work. Additionally, we explored the underlying processes that may lead to the variations in sperm freezing resistance. A total of 263 DEPs (Fold Change > 2.0, p-value < 0.05) were identified between the HF group and LF group in frozen-thawed dairy goat spermatozoa. In our Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the DEPs were mostly associated with the regulation of biological processes, metabolic processes, and responses to stress and cellular component biogenesis. Our Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis also revealed that the DEPs were predominantly engaged in oxidative phosphorylation, N-Glycan biosythesis, and cysteine and methionien metabolism. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed 14 potential proteins (NUDFB8, SDHC, PDIA4, HSPB1, etc.) that might influence the freezability of dairy goat sperm. These findings shed light on the processes underlying alterations in the proteome and sperm freezability, aiding further research on sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.S.); (G.Z.); (M.X.); (G.Z.); (F.W.); (Z.H.)
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3
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Qin W, Chu M, Ma X, Pei J, Xiong L, Bao P, La Y, Liang C, Guo X, Wu X, Yan P. Comparative iTRAQ proteomics identified proteins in fresh and frozen thawed yak spermatozoa. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125728. [PMID: 37422242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The changes in semen and cryodamage after the cryopreservation process negatively affect sperm function and motility. However, possible proteomic alterations of yak semen during cryopreservation have not yet been achieved. In this study, we compared proteomes of fresh and frozen thawed yak sperm using iTRAQ combined with LC-MS/MS proteome approach. Totally, 2064 proteins were quantitatively identified, including 161 in fresh sperm that showed significant differences compared to frozen thawed sperm. According to the Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) are predominantly associated with spermatogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, ATP synthesis, and differentiation biological process. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that DEPs were mainly involved in metabolic pathways related to pyruvate metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, together with the citrate (TCA) cycle. In the analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, 15 potential proteins (PDHB, DLAT, PDHA2, PGK1, TP5C1, etc.) that could be related to the sperm quality of the yaks were obtained. Furthermore, 6 DEPs were validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), confirming that the iTRAQ data were reliable. These results indicate that cryopreservation alters the proteome of yak sperm, which is possibly related to cryodamage and fertilization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Li Y, Peng Q, Shang J, Dong W, Wu S, Guo X, Xie Z, Chen C. The role of taurine in male reproduction: Physiology, pathology and toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1017886. [PMID: 36742382 PMCID: PMC9889556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1017886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a wide range of biological effects, such as bile salt formation, osmotic regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Taurine has been proved to be synthesized and abundant in male reproductive organs. Recently, accumulating data showed that taurine has a potential protective effect on reproductive function of male animals. In physiology, taurine can promote the endocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, testicular tissue development, spermatogenesis and maturation, delay the aging of testicular structure and function, maintain the homeostasis of the testicular environment, and enhance sexual ability. In pathology, taurine supplement may be beneficial to alleviate pathological damage of male reproductive system, including oxidative damage of sperm preservation in vitro, testicular reperfusion injury and diabetes -induced reproductive complications. In addition, taurine acts as a protective agent against toxic damage to the male reproductive system by exogenous substances (e.g., therapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, radiation). Related mechanisms include reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, restored the secretory activity of the HPT axis, reduced chromosomal variation, enhanced sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism, cell membrane stabilization effect, etc. Therefore, this article reviewed the protective effect of taurine on male reproductive function and its detailed mechanism, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Arts Department, School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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Monteiro MM, de Mello Seal DC, de Souza JH, Trevisan M, Arruda LCP, Silva SV, Guerra MMP. Effect of antifreeze protein type III on frozen/thawed of spermatozoa recover from goat epididymis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:108-112. [PMID: 36571888 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antifreeze protein type III (AFP III) on the freezing of epididymal spermatozoa of goats. A total of 16 pairs of testicles were collected in a slaughterhouse and transported at approximately 5 °C in a thermal box. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered by retrograde lavage and evaluated using a phase contrast microscope. Then, they were cryopreserved in extender based on Tris-egg yolk, supplemented with AFP III (0, 1, 10, 100 μg/mL), using an automated system. After thawing (37 °C/30 s), the spermatozoa kinetics were evaluated using the CASA automated system; and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular ROS production, by flow cytometry. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.05) between the experimental groups for the parameters of spermatozoa kinetics, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS production. However, the integrity of plasma and acrosome membranes of frozen spermatozoa with 100 μg/mL of AFP III was lower (P < 0.05) than the control group. It was concluded that the addition of AFP III to the Tris-egg yolk extender, used in the freezing of sperm obtained from the epididymis of goats, did not improve the preservation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millena Maria Monteiro
- Laboratory of Andrology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Desirée Coelho de Mello Seal
- Laboratory of Andrology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Hugo de Souza
- Laboratory of Andrology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Trevisan
- Laboratory of Andrology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Cristina Pereira Arruda
- Laboratory of Andrology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sildivane Valcácia Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center, University Federal of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra
- Laboratory of Andrology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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6
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Wang N, Yang M, He D, Li X, Zhang X, Han B, Liu C, Hai C, Li G, Zhao Y. TMT-based quantitative N-glycoproteomic analysis reveals glycoprotein protection can improve the quality of frozen bovine sperm. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:168-180. [PMID: 35870621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of bovine semen plays a vital role in accelerating genetic improvement and elite breeding, but it has a detrimental effect on sperm quality, resulting in the decline of the reproductive efficiency. The glycosylation modification of protein has irreplaceable roles in spermatozoa. Herein, the effect of cryopreservation on glycoproteins of bovine spermatozoa has been studied for the first time using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative glycoproteome. A total of 2598 proteins and 492 glycoproteins were identified, including 83 different expression proteins (DEPs) and 44 different expression glycosylated proteins (DEGPs) between fresh and frozen spermatozoa. Thirty-three DEPs are glycoproteins, which demonstrates that glycoproteins of bovine sperm were seriously affected by cryopreservation. Moreover, the effects include glycoprotein expression, glycosylation modification, and substructure localization for proteins such as glycoproteins TEX101, ACRBP, and IZOMU4. The biologic functions of the 115 changed proteins are mainly involved in sperm capacitation, migration in female genitalia, and sperm-egg interaction. Mostly key regulators were identified to be glycoproteins, which confirms that glycosylated proteins played important roles in bovine sperm. This comprehensive study of sperm glycoproteins helps to unravel the cryoinjury mechanisms, thus implying that glycoprotein protection should be an effective way to improve the quality of frozen sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Dingbo He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Biying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chao Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yuefang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, Hohhot 010020, China.
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Abdelnour SA, Swelum AA, Sindi RA, Barkat RA, Khalifa NE, Amin AA, El-Raghi AA, Tufarelli V, Losacco C, Abd El-Hack ME. Responses of sperm mitochondria functionality in animals to thermal stress: The mitigating effects of dietary natural antioxidants. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1101-1112. [PMID: 35754099 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive consequences of global warming representing heat stress (HS) have been widely received more attention in the last decades. HS induced significant influence on the male reproductive cell, especially sperm functionally. Reduction in the sperm function induced by HS leads to failure of fertility potential. The main effects of HS on sperm are reducing sperm motility, increased abnormalities and changes in the fluidity of the membrane as well as cell morphology. Moreover, the destruction of mitochondrial function could be the result of adverse influences of HS. The protein contents and enzymes of mitochondria were lowered after the exposure of sperm to HS. Some natural antioxidants were used for improving sperm mitochondrial function under HS conditions. In this review, it was highlighted the potential influences of HS on sperm function through reduction in ATP Synthesis yield, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial protein contents and mitochondrial enzymes, which involves the interference of mitochondrial remodelling in sperm of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ramya A Sindi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A Barkat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fuka, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Amin
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Italy
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Italy
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Wang Y, Yuan X, Ali MA, Qin Z, Zhang Y, Zeng C. piR-121380 Is Involved in Cryo-Capacitation and Regulates Post-Thawed Boar Sperm Quality Through Phosphorylation of ERK2 via Targeting PTPN7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:792994. [PMID: 35155446 PMCID: PMC8826432 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation induces capacitation-like (cryo-capacitation) changes, similar to natural capacitation, and affects the fertility potential of post-thawed sperm. The molecular mechanism of sperm cryo-capacitation during cryopreservation remains unknown. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been reported to be involved in cryo-capacitation of post-thawed sperm and regulation of sperm motility, capacitation, and chemotaxis. In this study, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 7 (PTPN7) was positively targeted by piR-121380 after a dual luciferase assay. The mRNA expression of PTPN7 and piR-121380 was significantly decreased (p < 0.01); however, PTPN7 protein was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in post-thawed boar sperm. Furthermore, E1RK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced during cryopreservation. Six hours after transfection with piR-121380 mimic and inhibitor, the phosphorylation of ERK2 was significantly increased and decreased (p < 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the highest and lowest total sperm motility, forward motility, and capacitation rate were observed after piR-121380 mimic and inhibitor treatments, respectively. The concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) showed no significant difference after transfection with either piR-121380 mimic or inhibitor at 1, 3, and 6 h. In conclusion, we demonstrated that piR-121380 modulates ERK2 phosphorylation by targeting PTPN7, which induces sperm cryo-capacitation, and eventually affects the motility and fertility potential of post-thawed sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Malik Ahsan Ali
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Theriogenology, Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ziyue Qin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Zeng,
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BORAH BKD, DEKA BC, BISWAS RK, CHAKRAVARTY P, SINHA S, AHMED K, DEORI S. Antioxidants improve the semen quality following cryopreservation in Indian yak bulls. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i8.115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different antioxidants on the semen quality of cryopreserved yak semen. The ejaculates found suitable were extended (1:10) with 4 different Tris extenders by split sample technique containing different antioxidants in each of 3 extenders, viz. Taurine @ 50 mM, Trehalose @ 100 mM or vitamin E @ 2 mM and one control (without additive). The sperm motility, live sperm, HOSTreacted sperm, total incidence of acrosomal changes and extracellular release of ALT and AST differed significantly between antioxidants. Total sperm motility, live sperm and HOST-reacted sperm were significantly higher and total incidence of acrosomal changes and extracellular release of AST were significantly lower in extender containing antioxidants than that in control. The difference between taurine, trehalose and vitamin E was not significant for parameters like sperm motility, HOST-reacted sperm and extracellular release of ALT. The per cent live sperm was significantly higher and total incidence of acrosomal changes was significantly lower for taurine than for trehalose and vitamin E. The extracellular release of ALT was significantly lower in extender containing taurine or trehalose than in control while the extracellular release of AST was significantly lower in the extender containing taurine than that in containing trehalose, vitamin E and control. The findings of the present study revealed that addition of taurine, trehalose and vitamin E in Tris extender significantly improved the post thaw quality of yak semen. Among the antioxidants evaluated, 50 mM of taurine in Tris extender could be effectively used to obtain better quality of frozen thawed yak semen.
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10
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The effect of L-glutamine and trehalose on dog sperm cryopreservation. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test different doses of L-glutamine and trehalose in the canine semen diluent while determining their protective effects on spermatological and biochemical indices of the thawed samples. Semen samples were collected from three fertile dogs using the digital manipulation method. The mixed ejaculates were divided into five portions at 37 °C and diluted with additives. Five study groups were formed with L-glutamine (10 and 20 mM), trehalose (25 and 50 mM), and no additives (control). After the dilution, the semen samples were cooled for 1.5 h at 5 °C and frozen (-110 to -120 °C) in liquid nitrogen vapor. Then, they were stored at -196 °C. For spermatological evaluations, samples were thawed at 38 °C for 30 s. L-glutamine (20 mM) was found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) and led to higher percentages of motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity compared to the control group. Considering the total oxidant status (TOS) assay, the lower values were determined in all the antioxidant groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Supplementing the semen extender with L-glutamine showed a higher total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). As a result of this study, a higher protective effect was found in all the spermatological evaluations after thawing the frozen semen samples, especially in the group containing L-glutamine (20 mM).
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Mahiddine FY, Kim MJ. Overview on the Antioxidants, Egg Yolk Alternatives, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derivatives Used in Canine Sperm Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 34203537 PMCID: PMC8300182 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used assisted reproductive technology for canine species. The long-term storage of dog sperm is effective for the breeding of dogs living far apart, scheduling the time of artificial insemination that suits the female, and preventing diseases of the reproductive tract. However, spermatozoa functions are impaired during the freeze-thaw processes, which may decrease reproductive performance. Numerous attempts have been made to restore such impairments, including the use of cryoprotectants to prevent the damage caused by ice crystal formation, and supplementation of antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species generation due to osmotic stress during the procedure. Egg yolk derivatives, antioxidants, and, more recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have been proposed in this research field. This review article will summarize the current literature available on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Mjbiogen Corp., Gwangnaru-ro 144, Seoul 14788, Korea;
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12
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NAYAN SOURAVBISWAS, HOSSAIN KHONDOKERMOAZZEM, MIRA MDFAIZULHOSSAIN, DEB GAUTAMKUMAR, HOQUE MDRAIHANUL, HOSSAIN SMJAHANGIR, ISLAM KAZIMOHAMMEDDIDARUL. Effects of selective extenders on buffalo semen quality at physical and molecular level. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i9.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of selective extenders on buffalo semen quality at physical and molecular level for screening a suitable extender for cryopreservation of buffalo semen. Semen was collected from four indigenous buffalo bulls using artificial vagina method twice in a week. After initial evaluation, each semen sample was divided into three aliquots and diluted with three different extenders (Tris-egg-yolk extender, Soya-milk extender and Andromed extender). After initial quality assessment the semen was frozen with liquid nitrogen vapor with a programmable bio freezer and finally stored at –196ºC liquid nitrogen. Post thaw semen quality evaluation was performed after 24 h of storage. The expression of aldoketoreductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) and A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP4) transcripts in fresh and three extenders groups (post thaw) of buffalo sperm were observed. The total, progressive, static and slow motility and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) reactivity of pre-freeze and post thaw sperms were varied significantly among Andromed, Tris-egg-yolk and Soyamilk based extender. Similar variations were also observed for different kinetic parameters of pre-freeze and post thaw buffalo sperm. However, no significant variations were found in AKR1B1 and AKAP4 genes expression among Andromed, Tris-egg-yolk and Soya milk extender groups considering pre-freeze and post thaw sperms characteristics. It may be concluded that, Tris-egg-yolk semen extender might be used for cryopreservation of buffalo semen at efficiency level similar as commercially available semen extender like Andromed.
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13
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Panda AP, Roy SC, Sakhare DT, Badami S, Divyashree BC, Gurupriya VS, Dhali A. Reduced cytochrome oxidase activity and increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation of mitochondria-rich fractions of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa after a cycle of freezing and thawing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1567-1580. [PMID: 31233700 DOI: 10.1071/rd18502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The motility and fertility of mammalian spermatozoa are compromised when they are cryopreserved. Sperm mitochondrial proteins play a vital role in conferring motility. However, the effects of cryopreservation on mitochondria-specific proteins remain primarily unexplored in domestic animals, including buffaloes, so the present study aimed to evaluate this issue. Mitochondria were isolated from both non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa by sonication followed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The purity of the mitochondrial preparation was assessed by cytochrome oxidase assay and electron microscopy. Mitochondria separated from cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa were associated with significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) cytochrome oxidase activity as compared with non-cryopreserved spermatozoa. The intensities of two low-molecular-mass mitochondrial proteins (30.1 kDa and 26.1 kDa) were significantly reduced as compared with the non-cryopreserved group. In addition, in cryopreserved buffalo sperm mitochondria, the intensities of three tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (126.6, 106.7 and 26 kDa) increased significantly compared with the non-cryopreserved group. Of these, tyrosine phosphorylation of the 26-kDa mitochondrial protein of cryopreserved sperm was very intense and unique because it could not be detected in the mitochondria of non-cryopreserved sperm. Thus, the study confirmed that both cytochrome oxidase activity and the proteins of buffalo sperm mitochondria undergo significant cryogenic changes in terms of quantity and quality after a cycle of freezing and thawing and this may be one of the important causes of reduced post-thaw motility and fertility of cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya P Panda
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir C Roy
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India; and Corresponding author.
| | - Deepak T Sakhare
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanabasav Badami
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Bannur C Divyashree
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijayasaraswathy S Gurupriya
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
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14
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Ledesma A, Zalazar L, Buchelly Imbachi F, Pastore JI, Brown P, Eddy EM, Hozbor F, Cesari A. Recombinant peptide reverses cryo-capacitation in ram sperm and improves in vitro fertilization. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 207:61-72. [PMID: 31208850 PMCID: PMC10699541 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is a very important technique for assisted reproduction; however, the cryopreservation process is harmful because it results in a reduction in sperm motility and viability, and leads to premature signals of capacitation, resulting in lesser than desirable fertility rates after artificial insemination. A fraction of seminal plasma, enriched in proteins that contain type II fibronectin domains (FNII) can reverse molecular indicators of cryo-capacitation. The beneficial effects of these proteins, however, depend on the relative abundance in seminal plasma. To create a safe additive for improving frozen sperm functionality, in the present study there was cloning and expression of a recombinant peptide containing four FNII domains (named TrxA-FNIIx4-His6) and evaluation of its effect after addition to frozen/thawed ram sperm. The cDNA for this protein was expressed in E. coli and after denaturation and re-naturalization of the protein, toxicity and binding capacity were assessed. By fluorescent labelling assessment, there was binding of the protein to the thawed sperm. At the two doses used (0.15 and 0.3 μM), TrxA-FNIIx4-His6 had the capacity to reverse the molecular indicators of cryo-capacitation as indicated by the reduction on phosphorylated substrates of PKA. Furthermore, the supplementation with this protein resulted in a normal capacitation process as evidenced by the increase in the in vitro fertilization rate when the greatest concentration of the protein was evaluated (73.25 ± 2.95; 40.13 ± 11.82 for 0.3 μM and control, respectively). There was no effect of protein supplementation on sperm objective motility compared to untreated sperm. In conclusion, the use of TrxA-FNIIx4-His6 is a promising biotechnological approach for cryopreserving ram sperm and maintaining sperm viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ledesma
- Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Lucía Zalazar
- Biología de Microorganismos y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Ignacio Pastore
- Laboratorio de Procesamiento de Imágenes ICYTE UNMDP - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula Brown
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edward Mitch Eddy
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Federico Hozbor
- Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andreina Cesari
- Biología de Microorganismos y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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15
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Botta D, de Arruda RP, Watanabe YF, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Romanello N, do Nascimento Barreto A, de Andrade Pantoja MH, Giro A, de Carvalho CPT, de Sousa Oliveira A, Garcia AR. Influence of post-thawing thermal environment on bovine sperm characteristics and in vitro fertility. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13266. [PMID: 30868613 DOI: 10.1111/and.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of three thermal environments over time on kinetics, functionality and in vitro fertility of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Four ejaculates from five bulls (n = 20) were cryopreserved. After thawing, semen was evaluated (0 hr), incubated for 4 hr in T36.0 (36.0°C), T38.0 (38.0°C) and T39.5 (39.5°C), and analysed every hour (1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr). In vitro production of embryos was performed at 0 hr and 4 hr. Sperm motility and cell kinetics (Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis) were impaired after 2 hr at T38.0 and T39.5 (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the cells with injured plasma membrane to 39.5°C and a general reduction in the mitochondrial potential over time (p < 0.05). In vitro fertility was impaired in all temperatures after 4 hr, but there was no difference between 36.0°C and 38.0°C. Our results suggest that the ex situ resilience of semen at 36.0°C after thawing with no major damage to the quality is limited to 3 hr. In normothermia or in thermal stress, sperm cells present a gradual reduction of movement and functionality, which were more significant after 1 hr of incubation. The in vitro production of embryos is impaired when the semen is kept in a thermal environment ≥36.0°C for 4 hr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Botta
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Rubens Paes de Arruda
- Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Narian Romanello
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro Giro
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Carla Patrícia Teodoro de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Rossetto Garcia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Southeast Livestock (CPPSE/Embrapa), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, São Carlos, Brazil
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16
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Ran MX, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liang K, Ren YN, Zhang M, Zhou GB, Zhou YM, Wu K, Wang CD, Huang Y, Luo B, Qazi IH, Zhang HM, Zeng CJ. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Differentially Expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs Involved in Cryoinjuries in Frozen-Thawed Giant Panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Sperm. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103066. [PMID: 30297640 PMCID: PMC6212861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination are important methods for giant panda breeding and preservation of extant genetic diversity. Lower conception rates limit the use of artificial insemination with frozen-thawed giant panda sperm, due to the lack of understanding of the cryodamaging or cryoinjuring mechanisms in cryopreservation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating spermatogenesis. However, their roles during cryopreservation remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with cryodamage or freeze tolerance in frozen-thawed sperm through high throughput sequencing. A total of 61.05 Gb clean reads and 22,774 lncRNA transcripts were obtained. From the sequencing results, 1477 significantly up-regulated and 1,396 significantly down-regulated lncRNA transcripts from fresh and frozen-thawed sperm of giant panda were identified. GO and KEGG showed that the significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs were mainly involved in regulating responses to cold stress and apoptosis, such as the integral component of membrane, calcium transport, and various signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, p53 and cAMP. Our work is the first systematic profiling of lncRNA and mRNA in fresh and frozen-thawed giant panda sperm, and provides valuableinsights into the potential mechanism of cryodamage in sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Ran
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kai Liang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying-Nan Ren
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guang-Bin Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying-Min Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong 473000, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong 473000, China.
| | - Cheng-Dong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong 473000, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong 473000, China.
| | - Bo Luo
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong 473000, China.
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan.
| | - He-Min Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong 473000, China.
| | - Chang-Jun Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Orrego MT, Melian SI, Montenegro J, Cimato AN, Cisale H, Piehl LL. Boar sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence of egg yolk soluble and low density lipoprotein fractions during cooling. Theriogenology 2018; 123:151-158. [PMID: 30308391 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the appearance of a phosphorylated protein of 32 kD (p32) are reported among the capacitation-like changes in cryopreserved boar sperm. Egg yolk freezing extenders are composed by two fractions: insoluble granules and soluble plasma, which contains the low density lipoproteins (LDL) proposed as responsible for the egg yolk cryoprotective action. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of complete egg yolk and its insoluble, soluble and LDL fractions on boar sperm quality and protein tyrosine phosphorylation after the first stage of a standard cryopreservation protocol. Semen samples in Androstar® Plus diluent were centrifuged and resuspended in the different egg yolk extenders. Temperature was decreased from 17 °C to 5 °C and sperm quality, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and protein pattern were analyzed. Results showed that complete egg yolk as well as soluble and LDL egg yolk fractions maintained sperm quality after temperature decrease. Cooling without any lipid component or in the presence of the insoluble fraction, significantly reduced sperm motility. About sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation analysis, the p32 band appeared before treatments or after cooling in Androstar® Plus diluent. Complete egg yolk and its insoluble fraction interfered with sperm tyrosine phosphorylation even after cells were extensively washed. Analysis of extenders revealed a high amount of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in the insoluble fraction, which may have co-precipitate with sperm in experiments. Samples submitted to temperature decrease from 17 °C to 5 °C in the presence of soluble and LDL egg yolk fractions in Androstar® Plus diluent did not show any change in the p32 band associated with sperm capacitation. However, a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein of 33 kD present in clarified egg yolk was also observed in sperm treated with this extender. Protein transference from plasma and LDL egg yolk extenders was also observed in sperm protein profile. Results suggested that soluble and LDL fractions might have a protective action preventing sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation during cooling from 17 °C to 5 °C. Further studies are needed to expand the knowledge of the LDL protection mechanism as well as to determine the possible benefits of clarified egg yolk in freezing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel T Orrego
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía I Melian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith Montenegro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra N Cimato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Humberto Cisale
- Laboratorio de Calidad Seminal y Criopreservación de Gametas, Cátedra de Física Biológica, INITRA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lidia L Piehl
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Castelo Branco M, Castelo Branco Y, Moraes Junior F, Barros F, Barçante F, Carvalho G, Melo Evangelista L, Abreu-Silva A, Sousa Filho M, Souza J. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and Antipain preserve acrosome integrity of bovine spermatozoa during cryopreservation. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Seminal plasma contains serine proteases and serine protease inhibitor, which are involved in mammalian fertilization, and the inhibitors can be applied to prevent cold-induced sperm capacitation. The effects of different concentrations of two serine protease inhibitors were analyzed, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 - PAI-1 (70ƞg, 140ƞg and 210 ƞg) and Antipain (10µg, 50µg and 100µg) as supplementation to bovine semen cryopreservation extender. The effects of the inhibitors on the sperm parameters (sperm kinetics - CASA, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm defects and acrosome reaction rate) were evaluated in the post-thaw semen. Cryopreservation of sperm with Antipain decreased post-thaw kinetic parameters of MP, VSL, LIN, SRT and the percentage of hyper-activated sperm while PAI-1 (210 ƞg) decreased VSL and LIN. Antipain and PAI-1 had no effect on the integrity parameters of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm defects. Sperm cryopreserved in the presence of Antipain and PAI-1 (70 and 140 ƞg) preserved acrosome integrity, as they were able to complete the in vitro acrosome reaction. In conclusion, the serine protease inhibitors, Antipain and PAI-1 (70 and 140ƞg) are able to preserve the acrosome integrity of cryopreserved bovine sperm.
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19
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Perteghella S, Gaviraghi A, Cenadelli S, Bornaghi V, Galli A, Crivelli B, Vigani B, Vigo D, Chlapanidas T, Faustini M, Torre ML. Alginate encapsulation preserves the quality and fertilizing ability of Mediterranean Italian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) and Holstein Friesian ( Bos taurus) spermatozoa after cryopreservation. J Vet Sci 2017; 18:81-88. [PMID: 27456772 PMCID: PMC5366306 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of artificial insemination (AI) in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is limited by poor ovarian activity during the hot season, seasonal qualitative patterns in semen, low resistance of sperm cells in the female tract, difficulties in estrus detection, and variable estrus duration. Although AI procedures are commonly used in bovine, use of AI has been limited in buffalo. In the zootechnical field, different studies have been conducted to develop techniques for improvement of fertilizing ability of buffalo spermatozoa after AI. In this study, for the first time, the use of alginate encapsulation and cryopreservation of buffalo spermatozoa is described, and the same procedure was performed with Holstein Friesian (Bos taurus) semen. Results obtained from in vitro analyses indicate that the encapsulation process does not have detrimental effects (compared to controls) on quality parameters (membrane integrity, progressive motility, path average velocity) in either species. Similarly, there were no detrimental effects after cryopreservation in either species. The fertilizing potential of encapsulated and cryopreserved semen was evaluated after AI in 25 buffalo and 113 bovine females. Pregnancy rates were not affected in either species. The results of this study show proof of concept for the use of frozen semen controlled-release devices in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cenadelli
- Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, 26027 Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Valeria Bornaghi
- Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, 26027 Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, 26027 Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Barbara Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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20
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Shah N, Singh V, Yadav HP, Verma M, Chauhan DS, Saxena A, Yadav S, Swain DK. Effect of reduced glutathione supplementation in semen extender on tyrosine phosphorylation and apoptosis like changes in frozen thawed Hariana bull spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 182:111-122. [PMID: 28559132 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To provide new insights into the mechanisms through which reduced glutathione (GSH) is able to protect spermatozoa, we tested the hypothesis that cryocapacitation and apoptosis like changes can contribute to the negative effect of freezing and thawing on bull spermatozoa, and that GSH prevent this damage. Having known protective effects of GSH in terms of a potent antioxidant, we evaluated capacitation, tyrosine phosphorylation and apoptosis like changes in bull spermatozoa after freezing and thawing in egg yolk tris glycerol extender containing (0.5m M-GSH-T1 & 1mM GSH-T2) and without GSH serving as the control (C). Forty ejaculates were collected from four Hariana bulls and were pooled due to non significant variations among the bull ejaculates for the evaluation of sperm attributes. Capacitation like changes, tyrosine phosphorylation, localization of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, apoptosis like changes in terms of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and DNA fragmentation after final dilution, 4h of equilibration at 4°C and 24h after freezing and thawing were evaluated. GSH supplementation at 0.5mM showed significant reduction in B- and AR- pattern spermatozoa during all stages of semen freezing and thawing. Immunoblot revealed six proteins which were tyrosine phosphorylated and protein of 30 and 75kDa (p30, p75) were the major tyrosine phosphorylted proteins. On further analysis, the p30 showed differential variation in intensity in all the three groups after freezing and thawing. Positive immune reactivity for tyrosine phosphorylated proteins was found in neck, middle piece and post-acrosomal regions of spermatozoa. Addition of 0.5mM GSH decreased percentage of spermatozoa showing fragmented DNA and increased the percentage of spermatozoa having high transmembrane mitochondrial potential (P<0.05). This study demonstrates that GSH favours survival of bull spermatozoa by interfering with apoptotic and cryocapacitation pathways, and thereby protects the spermatozoa from deleterious effects of cryopreservation. The findings of the study indicated that GSH at 0.5mM can be effectively used as an additive in bull semen extender for freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Shah
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hanuman Prasad Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meena Verma
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh Chauhan
- College of Biotechnology, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarvajeet Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura - 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Trehalose improves rabbit sperm quality during cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2017; 75:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Mostek A, Dietrich MA, Słowińska M, Ciereszko A. Cryopreservation of bull semen is associated with carbonylation of sperm proteins. Theriogenology 2017; 92:95-102. [PMID: 28237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen enables affordable, large-scale dissemination of gametes with superior genetics. However, cryopreservation can cause functional and structural damage to spermatozoa that is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairment of sperm motility and decreased fertilizing potential, but little attention has been paid to protein changes. The goal of this study was to investigate the oxidative modifications (measured as carbonylation level changes) of bull spermatozoa proteins triggered by the cryopreservation process. Flow cytometry and computer-assisted sperm analysis were used to evaluate changes in viability, ROS level and motility of spermatozoa. Western blotting, in conjunction with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-oxyblot) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight spectrometry, was employed to identify and quantify the specifically carbonylated spermatozoa proteins. Cryopreservation decreased motility and viability but increased the number of ROS-positive cells. We identified 11 proteins (ropporin-1, outer dense fiber protein 2, glutathione S-transferase, triosephosphate isomerase, capping protein beta 3 isoform, actin-related protein M1, actin-related protein T2, NADH dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, cilia- and flagella-associated protein 161, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4) showing differences in protein carbonylation in response to cryopreservation. The identified proteins are associated with cytoskeleton and flagella organization, detoxification and energy metabolism. Moreover, almost all of the identified carbonylated proteins are involved in capacitation. Our results indicate for the first time that cryopreservation induces oxidation of selected sperm proteins via carbonylation. We suggest that carbonylation of sperm proteins could be a direct result of oxidative stress and potentially lead to disturbances of capacitation-involved proteins or could indicate cryopreservation-induced premature capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mostek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariola Aleksandra Dietrich
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariola Słowińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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23
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Naresh S, Atreja SK. The protein tyrosine phosphorylation during in vitro capacitation and cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2015; 70:211-6. [PMID: 25828199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Before the process of fertilization, spermatozoa necessitate a period of residence in the female reproductive environment, and undergo a sequence of physiological and biochemical changes collectively referred to as capacitation. Accumulated evidences from several laboratories indicated that the protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) is one of the most important intracellular signaling events regulating sperm function, and is a meaningful indicator of capacitation. Different factors that affect PTP are cholesterol efflux, influx of HCO3(-), increased intracellular Ca(2+), cAMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS). cAMP/PKA and extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) are the known important signaling pathways primarily involved in PTP. Advanced proteomics approaches have revealed several proteins that undergo tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation. Semen cryopreservation subjects spermatozoa to frequent stressors, which result in capacitation like changes (cryo-capacitation). The cryo-capacitated spermatozoa usually show different patterns of PTP than the normal in vitro capacitated spermatozoa. In the current manuscript, we have summarized some information about the proteins undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation and the effect of cryopreservation on PTP as well as the possibilities to reduce the changes associated with cryopreservation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Naresh
- Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Atreja
- Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
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24
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Tulake K, Wang X, Chen Y, Yu C, Jing B, Li H. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation in sperm of a rare red deer, Tarim wapiti (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis). Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 154:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Ahmad E, Naseer Z, Aksoy M, Küçük N, Uçan U, Serin İ, Ceylan A. Trehalose enhances osmotic tolerance and suppresses lysophosphatidylcholine-induced acrosome reaction in ram spermatozoon. Andrologia 2014; 47:786-92. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ahmad
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - Z. Naseer
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - M. Aksoy
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - N. Küçük
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - U. Uçan
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - İ. Serin
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
| | - A. Ceylan
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Adnan Menderes University; Aydin Turkey
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26
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Qadeer S, Khan M, Ansari M, Rakha B, Ejaz R, Husna A, Ashiq M, Iqbal R, Ullah N, Akhter S. Evaluation of antifreeze protein III for cryopreservation of Nili-Ravi (Bubalus bubalis) buffalo bull sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Kumar R, Singh V, Atreja S. Glutathione-S-transferase: Role in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm capacitation and cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2014; 81:587-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Kumar R, Singh VK, Chhillar S, Atreja SK. Effect of Supplementation of Taurine or Trehalose in Extender on Immunolocalization of Tyrosine Phosphoproteins in Buffalo and Cattle (Karan Fries) Cryopreserved Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:407-15. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Animal Biochemistry Division; Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; Haryana; India
| | - VK Singh
- Animal Biochemistry Division; Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; Haryana; India
| | - S Chhillar
- Animal Biochemistry Division; Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; Haryana; India
| | - SK Atreja
- Animal Biochemistry Division; Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal; Haryana; India
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