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Liu Z, Yuan J, Wen P, Guo X, Wen H, Guo Y, Li D. Effect of lard plus soybean oil on blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled-feeding trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:7117-7129. [PMID: 37461334 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01765f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lard has been consumed by humans for thousands of years, but its consumption has declined substantially in the last few decades, because of negative publicity about the consumption of animal-derived saturated fats. Emerging evidence highlights that lard plus soybean oil (blend oil) could be more beneficial for body weight and liver function than the individual use of the two oils. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of blend oil on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects. This was a parallel, three-arm, randomized controlled-feeding trial. 334 healthy subjects (mean age: 33.1 years, 60% women) were randomized into three isoenergetic diet groups with three different edible oils (30 g day-1) (soybean oil, lard, and blend oil [50% lard and 50% soybean oil]) for 12 weeks. 245 (73.4%) participants completed the study. After the 12-week intervention, reductions in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were greater in the blend oil group than in the other two groups (P = 0.023 and 0.008 for the interaction between the diet group and time, respectively). Reductions of SBP and DBP in the blend oil group were more significant than those in the soybean oil group with P = 0.008 and P = 0.026 and the lard group with P < 0.001 and P < 0.001. Changes in SBP/DBP at 12 weeks were -6.0 (95% CI: -8.6 to -3.4)/0.8 (95% CI: -1.7 to 3.2) mmHg in the blend oil group, -3.3 (95% CI: -5.7 to -0.9)/1.5 (95% CI: -1.0 to 4.0) mmHg in the soybean oil group and -1.2 (95% CI: -3.7 to 1.4)/3.3 (95% CI: 0.9 to 5.8) mmHg in the lard group. Subgroup analyses showed that blend oil significantly decreased SBP and DBP compared with the other two groups in participants with BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg and body mass index ≥25. There were no significant differences in the changes in body weight, waist circumference, serum lipids, or glucose between groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blend oil (lard plus soybean oil) reduces BP compared with soybean oil and lard in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jihong Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Supply Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haichao Wen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Hu W, Li P, Zeng N, Tan S. Exploring the hub mechanisms of ischemic stroke based on protein-protein interaction networks related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1741. [PMID: 36720935 PMCID: PMC9887582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is highly concerning because it often leads to severe long-term neurological disability. Among clinical trials, ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease interactions have been increasingly reported in recent years. Therefore, using bioinformatics approaches to explore novel protein interactions between them is of interest. We performed this exploratory analysis by using bioinformatics tools such as string to analyze gene data downloaded from NHGRI-GWAS data related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. We constructed a prospective protein interaction network for ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease, identifying cytokine and interleukin-related signaling pathways, Spliceosome, Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), Thrombus, and Anticoagulation pathways as the crucial biological mechanisms of the network. Furthermore, we also used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) to detect differential protein expression in eight samples, which also suggested that immune system, signal transduction, and hemostasis-related pathways are key signaling pathways. These findings may provide a basis for understanding the interaction between these two states and exploring possible molecular and therapeutic studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Nianju Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Sheng Tan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Barghchi H, Pahlavani N, Barati M, Amiri Y, Fadel A, Khosravi M, Talebi S, Arzhang P, Ziaei R, Ghavami A. Biological and pharmacological effects and nutritional impact of phytosterols: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:299-322. [PMID: 34729825 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs), classified into plant sterols and stanols, are bioactive compounds found in foods of plant origin. PSs have been proposed to exert a wide number of pharmacological properties, including the potential to reduce total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and thereby decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Other health-promoting effects of PSs include anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Also, anticancer effects have been strongly suggested, as phytosterol-rich diets may reduce the risk of cancer by 20%. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the available evidence regarding the beneficial physiological and pharmacological activities of PSs, with special emphasis on their therapeutic potential for human health and safety. Also, we will explore the factors that influence the physiologic response to PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Amiri
- Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Talebi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutritional Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fully hydrogenated canola oil extends lifespan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:102. [PMID: 34511125 PMCID: PMC8436556 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canola oil (Can) and several vegetable oils shorten the lifespan of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Although similar lifespan shortening has been reported for partially hydrogenated Can, the efficacy of fully hydrogenated oils on the lifespan remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the lifespan of SHRSP fed diets containing 10 % (w/w) of fully hydrogenated Can (FHCO) or other oils. Methods Survival test: Upon weaning, male SHRSP were fed a basal diet for rodents mixed with one of the test oils —i.e., FHCO, Can, lard (Lrd), and palm oil (Plm) throughout the experiment. The animals could freely access the diet and drinking water (water containing 1 % NaCl), and their body weight, food intake, and lifespan were recorded. Biochemical analysis test: Male SHRSP were fed a test diet with either FHCO, Can, or soybean oil (Soy) under the same condition, except to emphasize effects of fat, that no NaCl loading was applied. Soy was used as a fat source in the basal diet and was set the control group. Blood pressures was checked every 2 weeks, and serum fat levels and histological analyses of the brain and kidney were examined after 7 or 12 weeks of feeding. Results During the survival study period, the food consumption of FHCO-fed rats significantly increased (15–20 % w/w) compared with that of rats fed any other oil. However, the body weight gain in the FHCO group was significantly less (10–12 %) than that in the control group at 9–11 weeks old. The FHCO (> 180 days) intervention had the greatest effect on lifespan, followed by the Lrd (115 ± 6 days), Plm (101 ± 2 days), and Can (94 ± 3 days) diets. FHCO remarkably decreased the serum cholesterol level compared with Can and the systolic blood pressure from 12 to 16 weeks of age. In addition, while some rats in the Can group exhibited brain hemorrhaging and renal dysfunction at 16 weeks old, no symptoms were observed in the FHCO group. Conclusion This current study suggests that complete hydrogenation decreases the toxicity of Can and even prolongs the lifespan in SHRSP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01540-7.
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Ghaedi E, Foshati S, Ziaei R, Beigrezaei S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Ghavami A, Miraghajani M. Effects of phytosterols supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2702-2710. [PMID: 31902603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have indicated a positive effect of phytosterols on blood pressure (BP), nevertheless these findings have been controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was aimed to investigate the effects of phytosterol supplementation on BP. An online search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar up to May 2019. Weighted Mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. The present meta-analysis of 19 RCTs showed that supplementation with phytosterols can decrease both systolic BP (WMD: -1.55 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.67 to -0.42, p = 0.007) and diastolic BP (WMD: -0.84 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.60 to -0.08, p = 0.03). Dose-response analysis revealed that phytosterol intake change SBP significantly based on treatment dose in nonlinear fashion. Subgroup analysis based on duration showed a significant effect of phytosterol on SBP and DBP in subsets of <12 weeks. In addition, a significant effect of phytosterol was observed in dosage of ≥2000 mg for SBP and <2000 mg for DBP. Based on current findings supplementation with phytosterol may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients as well as a complementary preventive option in prehypertensive and normotensive individuals. However, this issue is still open and requires further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Foshati
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Elevated Urinary Methylmalonic Acid/creatinine ratio and Serum Sterol levels in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Sitosterolemia, defined as phytosterolemia, is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by elevated blood sterol levels. Our aim was to investigate serum plant sterols, methylmalonic acid, vitamin B12, oxidized-LDL and homocysteine levels in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients and healthy subjects. Material and Methods: 50 healthy subjects (without a family history of coronary artery disease) and 89 patients hospitalized in the Selcuk University neurology clinic or intensive care unit with a diagnosis of stroke were included in this study. Serum plant sterols, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, oxidized-LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol and vitamin B12 levels were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, commercially available ELISA kit, spectrophotometry and chemiluminescence methods, respectively. Results: Urinary methylmalonic acid/creatinine ratio (p< 0.05), serum β-sitosterol levels and β-sitosterol/ cholesterol ratio were significantly higher (p <0.01) in patients compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the serum OxLDL- methylmalonic acid, serum homocysteine- urinary methylmalonic acid /creatinine ratio, serum methylmalonic acid - Urinary methylmalonic acid (p<0.05), serum homocysteine- urinary methylmalonic acid, urinary methylmalonic acid-methylmalonic acid/creatinine ratio, serum methylmalonic acid- methylmalonic acid/creatinine ratio, serum beta-sitosterol- beta-sitosterol /cholesterol, total cholesterol-HDL, total cholesterol-LDL (p <0.01) levels and negative correlation between vitamin B12- serum methylmalonic acid (p<0.05), cholesterol-stigmasterol/cholesterol, LDL- stigmasterol/cholesterol (p <0.01) levels in the patient group. Conclusion: Our findings presented that the serum sitosterol levels were significantly higher in stroke patients compared to controls.
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Shen T, Xing G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Cai Y, Li D, Xu G, Xing E, Rao J, Shi R. Effects of 12-week supplementation of marine Omega-3 PUFA-based formulation Omega3Q10 in older adults with prehypertension and/or elevated blood cholesterol. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:253. [PMID: 29282085 PMCID: PMC5745982 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds To study the effects of supplementation of a marine omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) formulation (Omega3Q10) in older adults with hypertension and/or hypercholesterolemia. Methods A total of 97 people were enrolled to receive 12-week supplementation of either Omega3Q10 (n = 48) or soybean oil (n = 49). Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hypertension-related symptoms were determined before and after the supplementation. Results There were no baseline differences between the two groups. Omega3Q10 supplementation significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (from 81.6 ± 5.3 mmHg to 79.3 ± 5.2 mmHg, P < 0.05). Blood concentrations of TC and LDL-C decreased significantly and blood HDL-C level increased significantly after 12 weeks of Omega3Q10 (5.5 ± 0.7 vs. 5.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.05; 3.7 ± 0.8 vs. 3.3 ± 0.6, P < 0.05; 1.2 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.05, respectively) and soybean oil supplementation (5.7 ± 0.8 vs. 5.6 ± 0.7, P < 0.05; 3.6 ± 0.7 vs. 3.4 ± 0.8, P < 0.05; 1.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7, P < 0.05, respectively) but no group differences were found. A significantly greater proportion of the people in the Omega3Q10 group became free from headache and palpitations & chest tightness symptoms after the 12-week supplementation compared to that of the soybean oil group (95.5% vs. 71.4%, P < 0.01; 95.8 vs. 75.5%, P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion 12-week supplementation of Fish oil-based PUFA appear to be more effective in improving DBP and hypertension-related symptoms than soybean oil in old adults with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia although both supplementation improved TC, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shen
- Department of Community Health and Behavior Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Xing
- Imaging Institute of Rehabilitation and Development of Brain Function, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China. .,Lotus Biotech.com LLC, John Hopkins University-MCC, 9601 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Jingfen Zhu
- Department of Community Health and Behavior Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- Department of Community Health and Behavior Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Community Health and Behavior Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Donghua Li
- Tang Qiao Community Health Service Center, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Community Health and Behavior Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Evan Xing
- Biochemistry Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rong Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Dmitrieva RI, Cranford SM, Doris PA. Genetic Control of Serum Marinobufagenin in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat and the Relationship to Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006704. [PMID: 28982675 PMCID: PMC5721872 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have investigated serum levels of immunoreactive marinobufagenin (MBG) in 16- to 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)-A3 and in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain in the absence of salt loading, and we have investigated the genetic control of serum MBG. METHODS AND RESULTS We genotyped the F2 progeny of an SHR-A3×WKY intercross using a genome-wide panel of 253 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers that were dimorphic between SHR-A3 and WKY and measured serum MBG by ELISA. Serum MBG levels were lower in SHR-A3 than WKY rats (0.39±0.07 and 1.27±0.40 nmol/L, respectively), suggesting that MBG may not play a role in the markedly divergent blood pressure measured by telemetry in rats of these 2 strains (SHR-A3 and WKY, 198.3±4.43 and 116.8±1.51 mm Hg, respectively). The strain difference in serum MBG was investigated to determine whether genomic regions influencing MBG might be identified by genetic mapping. Quantitative trait locus mapping indicated a single locus influencing serum MBG in the region of chromosome 6q12. Homozygosity of WKY alleles at this locus was associated with increased serum MBG levels. We surveyed whole genome sequences from our SHR-A3 and WKY lines, seeking coding sequence variation between SHR-A3 and WKY within the mapped locus that might explain the inherited strain difference in serum MBG. CONCLUSIONS We identified amino acid substitution in the sterol transport protein Abcg5, present in SHR-A3, but absent in WKY, that is a potential mechanism influencing MBG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata I Dmitrieva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Stacy M Cranford
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
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Effect of fermented milk product containing lactotripeptides and plant sterol esters on haemodynamics in subjects with the metabolic syndrome – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:376-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of fermented milk product containing isoleucine–proline–proline, valine–proline–proline and plant sterol esters (Pse) on plasma lipids, blood pressure (BP) and its determinants systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 104 subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were allocated to three groups in order to receive fermented milk product containing (1) 5 mg/d lactotripeptides (LTP) and 2 g/d plant sterols; (2) 25 mg/d LTP and 2 g/d plant sterols; (3) placebo for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids and home BP were monitored. Haemodynamics were examined in a laboratory using radial pulse wave analysis and whole-body impedance cardiography in the supine position and during orthostatic challenge. There were no differences between the effects of the two treatments and placebo on the measurements of BP at home or on BP, systemic vascular resistance index and cardiac index in the laboratory, neither in the supine nor in the upright position. The changes in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration were − 0·1 (95 % CI − 0·3, 0·1 and − 0·3, 0·0) mmol/l in the 5 and 25 mg/d LTP groups, respectively, and +0·1 (95 % CI − 0·1, 0·3) mmol/l during placebo (P= 0·024). Both at baseline and at week 12, the increase in systemic vascular resistance during head-up tilt was lower in the 25 mg/d LTP group than in the 5 mg/d LTP group (P< 0·01), showing persistent differences in cardiovascular regulation between these groups. In subjects with the MetS, intake of LTP and Pse in fermented milk product showed a lipid-lowering effect of borderline significance, while no antihypertensive effect was observed at home or in the laboratory.
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10
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Cai J, Jang JY, Kim J, Shin K, Kim KS, Park D, Kim TS, Lee SP, Ahn B, Choi EK, Lee J, Kim YB. Comparative effects of plant oils on the cerebral hemorrhage in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 19:318-26. [PMID: 24856006 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since oils and fats can induce metabolic syndrome, leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the present study was performed to find out whether the plant oils affect the cerebral hemorrhage in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-SP) rats. METHODS From 47 days of age, male SHR-SP rats were given drinking water containing 1% NaCl to induce hypertension, and simultaneously fed semi-purified diets containing 10% perilla oil, canola oil, or shortening. The onset time of convulsion following cerebral hemorrhage was recorded, and the areas of hemorrhage and infarction were analyzed in the stroke brains. RESULTS In comparison with 58-day survival of SHR-SP rats during feeding NaCl alone, perilla oil extended the survival time to 68.5 days, whereas canola oil shortened it to 45.7 days. Feeding perilla oil greatly reduced the total volume of cerebral hemorrhage from 17.27% in the control group to 4.53%, while shortening increased the lesions to 21.23%. In a microscopic analysis, perilla oil also markedly decreased the hemorrhagic and infarction lesions to 1/10 of those in control rats, in contrast to an exacerbating effect of shortening. In blood analyses, perilla oil reduced blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins which were increased in SHR-SP, but canola oil further increased them and markedly lowered platelet counts. DISCUSSION Perilla oil delayed and attenuated cerebral hemorrhage by improving hyperlipidemia in hypertensive stroke animals, in contrast to the aggravating potential of canola oil and shortening. It is suggested that perilla oil should be the first choice oil for improving metabolic syndrome in hypertensive persons at risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Cai
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Ja-Young Jang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Kyungha Shin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Kwang Sei Kim
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | | | | | - Byeongwoo Ahn
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- c Department of Food Science and Technology , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
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11
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Papazzo A, Conlan XA, Lexis L, Charchar FJ, Lewandowski PA. Salt loading in canola oil fed SHRSP rats induces endothelial dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66655. [PMID: 23762494 PMCID: PMC3676377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if 50 days of canola oil intake in the absence or presence of salt
loading affects: (1) antioxidant and oxidative stress markers, (2) aortic mRNA of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms and (3) endothelial function in SHRSP rats. SHRSP rats were fed a diet containing 10 wt/wt% soybean oil or 10 wt/wt% canola oil, and given tap water or water containing 1% NaCl for 50 days. Without salt, canola oil significantly increased RBC SOD, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, aortic p22phox, NOX2 and CuZn-SOD mRNA, and decreased RBC glutathione peroxidase activity. With salt, canola oil reduced RBC SOD and catalase activity, LDL-C, and p22phox mRNA compared with canola oil alone, whereas plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced and RBC MDA and LDL-C were higher. With salt, the canola oil group had significantly reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilating responses to ACh and contractile responses to norepinephrine compared with the canola oil group without salt and to the WKY rats. These results indicate that ingestion of canola oil increases O2− generation, and that canola oil ingestion in combination with salt leads to endothelial dysfunction in the SHRSP model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier A. Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Lexis
- Department of Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fadi J. Charchar
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Australia
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Ehlers PI, Kivimäki AS, Siltari A, Turpeinen AM, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Plant sterols and casein-derived tripeptides attenuate blood pressure increase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr Res 2012; 32:292-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Papazzo A, Conlan X, Lexis L, Lewandowski P. The effect of short-term canola oil ingestion on oxidative stress in the vasculature of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:180. [PMID: 21999921 PMCID: PMC3215974 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine if 25 days of canola oil intake in the absence of excess dietary salt or together with salt loading affects antioxidant and oxidative stress markers in the circulation. A further aim was to determine the mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms in the aorta of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats. Methods Male SHRSP rats, were fed a defatted control diet containing 10% wt/wt soybean oil or a defatted treatment diet containing 10% wt/wt canola oil, and given tap water or water containing 1% NaCl. Blood was collected at the end of study for analysis of red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant enzymes, RBC and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma 8-isoprostane and plasma lipids. The aorta was removed and the mRNA expression of NOX2, p22phox, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and EC-SOD were determined. Results In the absence of salt, canola oil reduced RBC SOD and glutathione peroxidase, and increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol compared with soybean oil. RBC glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in both the salt loaded groups compared to the soybean oil only group. In addition, RBC MDA and plasma HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in both the salt loaded groups compared to the no salt groups. Plasma MDA concentration was higher and LDL cholesterol concentration lower in the canola oil group loaded with salt compared to the canola oil group without salt. The mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and SOD isoforms were significantly reduced in the canola oil group with salt compared to canola oil group without salt. Conclusion In conclusion, these results indicate that canola oil reduces antioxidant status and increases plasma lipids, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, canola oil in combination with salt intake increased MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation and decreased NAPDH oxidase subunits and aortic SOD gene expression.
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Papazzo A, Conlan XA, Lexis L, Lewandowski PA. Differential effects of dietary canola and soybean oil intake on oxidative stress in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:98. [PMID: 21669000 PMCID: PMC3126710 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canola oil shortens the life span of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats compared with rats fed soybean oil when given as the sole dietary lipid source. One possible mechanism leading to the damage and deterioration of organs due to canola oil ingestion is oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of canola oil intake on oxidative stress in this animal model. METHOD Male SHRSP rats, were fed a defatted control diet containing 10% wt/wt soybean oil or a defatted treatment diet containing 10% wt/wt canola oil, and given water containing 1% NaCl. Blood pressure was measured weekly. Blood was collected prior to beginning the diets and at the end of completion of the study for analysis of red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant enzymes, RBC and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma 8-isoprostane and plasma lipids. RESULTS Canola oil ingestion significantly decreased the life span of SHRSP rats compared with soybean oil, 85.8 ± 1.1 and 98.3 ± 3.4 days, respectively. Systolic blood pressure increased over time with a significant difference between the diets at the 6th week of feeding. Canola oil ingestion significantly reduced RBC superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with soybean oil. There were no significant differences in RBC MDA concentration between canola oil fed and soybean oil fed rats. In contrast, plasma MDA and 8-isoprostane concentration was significantly lower in the canola oil group compared to the soybean oil group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, canola oil ingestion shortens the life span of SHRSP rats and leads to changes in oxidative status, despite an improvement in the plasma lipids.
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Chen Q, Gruber H, Swist E, Coville K, Pakenham C, Ratnayake WM, Scoggan KA. Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols decrease cholesterol levels but increase blood pressure in WKY inbred rats in the absence of salt-loading. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:11. [PMID: 20637058 PMCID: PMC2843689 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are safety concerns regarding widespread consumption of phytosterol and phytostanol supplemented food products. The aim of this study was to determine, in the absence of excess dietary salt, the individual effects of excess accumulation of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols on blood pressure in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) inbred rats that have a mutation in the Abcg5 gene and thus over absorb phytosterols and phytostanols. Methods Thirty 35-day old male WKY inbred rats (10/group) were fed a control diet or a diet containing phytosterols or phytostanols (2.0 g/kg diet) for 5 weeks. The sterol composition of the diets, plasma and tissues were analysed by gas chromatography. Blood pressure was measured by the tail cuff method. mRNA levels of several renal blood pressure regulatory genes were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared to the control diet, the phytosterol diet resulted in 3- to 4-fold increases in the levels of phytosterols in plasma, red blood cells, liver, aorta and kidney of WKY inbred rats (P < 0.05). The phytostanol diet dramatically increased (> 9-fold) the levels of phytostanols in plasma, red blood cells, liver, aorta and kidney of these rats (P < 0.05). The phytosterol diet decreased cholesterol levels by 40%, 31%, and 19% in liver, aorta and kidney, respectively (P < 0.05). The phytostanol diet decreased cholesterol levels by 15%, 16%, 20% and 14% in plasma, liver, aorta and kidney, respectively (P < 0.05). The phytostanol diet also decreased phytosterol levels by 29% to 54% in plasma and tissues (P < 0.05). Both the phytosterol and phytostanol diets produced significant decreases in the ratios of cholesterol to phytosterols and phytostanols in plasma, red blood cells, liver, aorta and kidney. Rats that consumed the phytosterol or phytostanol diets displayed significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to rats that consumed the control diet (P < 0.05). The phytosterol diet increased renal angiotensinogen mRNA levels of these rats. Conclusion These data suggest that excessive accumulation of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols in plasma and tissues may contribute to the increased blood pressure in WKY inbred rats in the absence of excess dietary salt. Therefore, even though phytosterols and phytostanols lower cholesterol levels, prospective clinical studies testing the net beneficial effects of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols on cardiovascular events for subgroups of individuals that have an increased incorporation of these substances are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Chen
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Ratnayake S, Lewandowski P. Rapid bioassay-guided screening of toxic substances in vegetable oils that shorten the life of SHRSP rats. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:13. [PMID: 20122175 PMCID: PMC2837656 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been consistently reported that vegetable oils including canola oil have a life shortening effect in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) and this toxic effect is not due to the fatty acid composition of the oil. Although it is possible that the phytosterol content or type of phytosterol present in vegetable oils may play some role in the life shortening effect observed in SHRSP rats this is still not completely resolved. Furthermore supercritical CO2 fractionation of canola oil with subsequent testing in SHRSP rats identified safe and toxic fractions however, the compounds responsible for life shortening effect were not characterised. The conventional approach to screen toxic substances in oils using rats takes more than six months and involves large number of animals. In this article we describe how rapid bioassay-guided screening could be used to identify toxic substances derived from vegetable oils and/or processed foods fortified with vegetable oils. The technique incorporates sequential fractionation of oils/processed foods and subsequent treatment of human cell lines that can be used in place of animal studies to determine cytotoxicity of the fractions with structural elucidation of compounds of interest determined via HPLC-MS and GC-MS. The rapid bioassay-guided screening proposed would require two weeks to test multiple fractions from oils, compared with six months if animal experiments were used to screen toxic effects. Fractionation of oil before bio-assay enhances the effectiveness of the detection of active compounds as fractionation increases the relative concentration of minor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Ratnayake
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds VIC 3217, Australia
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Jäkälä P, Hakala A, Turpeinen AM, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Casein-derived bioactive tripeptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro attenuate the development of hypertension and improve endothelial function in salt-loaded Goto–Kakizaki rats. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ohara N, Naito Y, Kasama K, Shindo T, Yoshida H, Nagata T, Okuyama H. Similar changes in clinical and pathological parameters in Wistar Kyoto rats after a 13-week dietary intake of canola oil or a fatty acid composition-based interesterified canola oil mimic. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Influence of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols on diastolic blood pressure and the expression of blood pressure regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats. Br J Nutr 2008; 102:93-101. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508137904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of increased consumption of phytosterols or phytostanols on blood pressure and renal blood pressure regulatory gene expression in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) inbred rats. SHRSP and WKY inbred rats (10/group) were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with phytosterols or phytostanols (2·0 g/kg diet). After 5 weeks, SHRSP rats demonstrated higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than WKY inbred rats. SHRSP rats that consumed the phytosterol or phytostanol supplemental diets displayed a 2- or 3-fold respective increase in the diastolic blood pressure than those that consumed the control diet. Angiotensinogen (Agt), angiotensin I-converting enzyme 1 (Ace1), nitric oxide synthase (Nos) 1,Nos3, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) and THUMP domain containing 1 were expressed at higher levels in SHRSP compared with WKY inbred rats.Reninand angiotensin II receptor type 1a were expressed at lower levels in SHRSP than WKY inbred rats. Phytostanol supplementation up-regulated the expression ofAce1andNos3in SHRSP rats. Phytosterol supplementation increased the mRNA levels ofNos1and spondin 1 (Spon1) in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats.Cox2mRNA levels were elevated in both phytosterol- and phytostanol-supplemented SHRSP and WKY inbred rats. Therefore, the increased blood pressure in SHRSP rats may be partly due to altered renal expression of blood pressure regulatory genes. Specifically, up-regulation ofAce1,Nos1,Nos3,Cox2andSpon1were associated with the increased diastolic blood pressure observed in phytosterol- or phytostanol-supplemented SHRSP rats.
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Ohara N, Kasama K, Naito Y, Nagata T, Saito Y, Kuwagata M, Okuyama H. Different effects of 26-week dietary intake of rapeseed oil and soybean oil on plasma lipid levels, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2573-9. [PMID: 18508177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We intended to determine whether or not dietary canola oil (CO) elevates plasma lipids and oxidative stress, since both of these are, possibly, related to the CO-induced life shortening through exacerbation of hypertension-associated vascular lesions found in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used in this study to avoid a potential bias in the results due to the irregular death by stroke seen in SHRSP. SHR were fed for 26 weeks on a chow containing either, 10 wt/wt% of CO or soybean oil (SO), i.e., the control. Elevated plasma lipids and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activation in the liver and erythrocyte were found in SHR fed CO compared to that fed SO, while anti-oxidative enzymes other than G6PD were not activated. The CO diet brought about significant vascular lesions in the kidney, in which abundant cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) positive foci were immunochemically located in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. These results suggest that dietary CO induces a hyperlipidemic condition, in which G6PD may serve as an NADPH provider, and aggravates genetic diseases in SHR (also, probably, in SHRSP). The increased COX-2 expression indicates a role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in the increased vascular lesions, whereas the effects of oxidative stress remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohara
- Division of Toxicology, Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Ochiai 729-5, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan.
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Okuyama H, Yamada K, Miyazawa D, Yasui Y, Ohara N. Dietary lipids impacts on healthy ageing. Lipids 2007; 42:821-5. [PMID: 17546469 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Healthy ageing is gaining attention in the lipid nutrition field. As in vivo biomarkers of healthy ageing, we have evaluated the survival, learning/memory performance, and physical potencies in rodents fed a diet supplemented with high-linoleic acid (LNA, omega6) safflower oil or high-alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega3) perilla oil for long periods. The results suggested that perilla oil with a low omega6/omega3 ratio is beneficial for healthy ageing. In order to address this issue further, we determined the survival of stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) rats fed a conventional rodent diet supplemented with 10% fat or oil. Survival was longer with omega3-rich oils compared with omega6-rich oils. However, some kinds of vegetable oils and hydrogenated oils shortened the survival of SHRSP rats to an unusual degree (ca. 40% compared with that of omega6-rich oil) that could not be accounted for by the fatty acid and phytosterol composition of the oils. The observed decrease in platelet counts was associated with pathological changes in the kidney and other organs. Dihydro-vitamin K1 is proposed as a likely candidate as a stroke-stimulating factor in hydrogenated oils. Thus, factors other than fatty acids (omega6/omega3 balance) and phytosterols must be taken into account when fats and oils are evaluated in relation to healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Okuyama
- Laboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences, Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyamaku, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan.
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Kim JM, Chang N, Kim WK, Chun HS. Dietary S-allyl-L-cysteine reduces mortality with decreased incidence of stroke and behavioral changes in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:1969-71. [PMID: 16926510 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.50697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
S-Allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), an active organosulfur compound derived from garlic, was found to reduce mortality with lesser incidence of stroke and also to lower the overall stroke-related behavioral score in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats by dietary administration. Consequently, the anti-stroke effect of dietary SAC was demonstrated in SHRSP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Myung Kim
- Food Safety Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, South Korea
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de Jong A, Plat J, Mensink RP. Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:985-90. [PMID: 16482072 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on their incorporation into erythrocytes and their effects on osmotic fragility of red blood cells. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTION Forty-one subjects on stable statin treatment - who already have increased serum plant sterol and stanol concentrations - first received for 4 weeks a control margarine. For the next 16 weeks, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three possible interventions. Eleven subjects continued with control margarine, 15 subjects with plant sterol ester enriched and 15 subjects with plant stanol ester-enriched margarine. Daily plant sterol or stanol intake was 2.5 g. Erythrocyte haemolysis was measured spectrophotometrically at five different saline concentrations. RESULTS Despite significant (P = 0.004) increases of, respectively, 42 and 59% in cholesterol-standardized serum sitosterol and campesterol concentrations in the plant sterol group as compared to the control group, campesterol levels in the red blood cells did not change (P = 0.196). Osmotic fragility did not change significantly (P = 0.757) in the plant sterol and plant stanol groups as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION We conclude that plant sterol and stanol ester consumption for 16 weeks does not change osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in statin-treated patients. SPONSORSHIP Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (Program Nutrition: Health, Safety and Sustainability, Grant 014-12-010).
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Jong
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ohara N, Naito Y, Nagata T, Tatematsu K, Fuma SY, Tachibana S, Okuyama H. Exploration for unknown substances in rapeseed oil that shorten survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Effects of super critical gas extraction fractions. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 44:952-63. [PMID: 16364530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify the causative substances for the shortening of survival time by rapeseed (Canola) oil in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), SHRSP were fed on a standard chow supplemented with 10 w/w% soybean oil (control), rapeseed oil, one of the fractions of rapeseed oil obtained by super critical gas extraction (SCE) under a pressure of 180-bar or 350-bar, at 40 degrees C, or the residue from the extraction (with 0.5% NaCl in drinking water). In another series of experiment, SHRSP were fed for 8 weeks on the above-mentioned diets without salt loading and autopsied. Fatty acid compositions in these diets were similar, except in the soybean oil diet, and phytosterol contents were: (diet containing) 180-bar fraction>residue>rapeseed oil>350-bar fraction>soybean oil. Survival times in the rapeseed oil, 350-bar fraction and residue groups were shorter than, whereas that in the 180-bar fraction was similar to in the soybean oil group. In the 8-week feeding experiment, chronic nephropathy was found frequently in the groups other than the soybean oil group. The heart weights were higher in the rapeseed oil and residue groups. Cerebral necrosis was found in the residue group. Taken together, the followings are concluded, (1) Neither the fatty acid composition, nor the amount of phytosterols in the diets appeared to be decisive in the shortening of life. (2) SCE appeared to produce a safe (180-bar) fraction, though it failed to separate clearly the causative substances into specific fractions. (3) The factors that facilitate the genetic disease of SHRSP appear to exist in rapeseed oil. However, they might not be identical to those responsible for the life-shortening, since there were no findings common across the rapeseed oil, 350-bar and residue groups, which showed similar life-shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohara
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan.
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Chen J, Batta A, Zheng S, Fitzgibbon WR, Ullian ME, Yu H, Tso P, Salen G, Patel SB. The missense mutation in Abcg5 gene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) segregates with phytosterolemia but not hypertension. BMC Genet 2005; 6:40. [PMID: 16026620 PMCID: PMC1190168 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitosterolemia is a recessively inherited disorder in humans that is associated with premature atherosclerotic disease. Mutations in ABCG5 or ABCG8, comprising the sitosterolemia locus, STSL, are now known to cause this disease. Three in-bred strains of rats, WKY, SHR and SHRSP, are known to be sitosterolemic, hypertensive and they carry a missense 'mutation' in a conserved residue of Abcg5, Gly583Cys. Since these rat strains are also know to carry mutations at other genetic loci and the extent of phytosterolemia is only moderate, it is important to verify that the mutations in Abcg5 are causative for phytosterolemia and whether they contribute to hypertension. METHODS To investigate whether the missense change in Abcg5 is responsible for the sitosterolemia we performed a segregation analysis in 103 F2 rats from a SHR x SD cross. Additionally, we measured tail-cuff blood pressure and measured intestinal lipid transport to identify possible mechanisms whereby this mutation causes sitosterolemia. RESULTS Segregation analysis showed that the inheritance of the Gly583Cys mutation Abcg5 segregated with elevated plant sterols and this pattern was recessive, proving that this genetic change is responsible for the sitosterolemia in these rat strains. Tail-cuff monitoring of blood pressure in conscious animals showed no significant differences between wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous mutant F2 rats, suggesting that this alteration may not be a significant determinant of hypertension in these rats on a chow diet. CONCLUSION This study shows that the previously identified Gly583Cys change in Abcg5 in three hypertension-susceptible rats is responsible for the sitosterolemia, but may not be a major determinant of blood pressure in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, STR 541, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Ashok Batta
- Research Service and Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, NJ 07019, USA
| | - Shuqin Zheng
- Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267. USA
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Michael E Ullian
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, STR 541, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267. USA
| | - Gerald Salen
- Research Service and Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, NJ 07019, USA
| | - Shailendra B Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, STR 541, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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Ebine N, Jia X, Demonty I, Wang Y, Jones PJH. Effects of a water-soluble phytostanol ester on plasma cholesterol levels and red blood cell fragility in hamsters. Lipids 2005; 40:175-80. [PMID: 15884766 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel water-soluble phytostanol analog, disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates (DAPP), on plasma lipid levels and red blood cell fragility in hamsters fed atherogenic diets. For 5 wk, 50 male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a semipurified diet without added cholesterol (noncholesterol, group 1), or a semipurified diet with 0.25% cholesterol (cholesterol-control, group 2). Groups 3-5 were fed the cholesterol-control diet with an addition of 1% phytostanols (diet 3), 0.71% DAPP (DAPP 0.7%, diet 4), or 1.43% DAPP (DAPP 1.4%, diet 5). Diets 4 and 5 provided 0.5 and 1% phytostanols, respectively. Supplementation of 0.71 and 1.43% DAPP decreased plasma total cholesterol concentrations by 34 (P < 0.001) and 46% (P< 0.001), respectively, in comparison with the cholesterol-control group, whereas free stanols reduced (P = 0.007) plasma cholesterol concentrations by 14%. Similarly, non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations were reduced by 39 (P < 0.001) and 54% (P < 0.001) in hamsters supplemented with DAPP 0.7% and DAPP 1.4%, respectively, relative to the cholesterol-control group. The hypocholesterolemic effect of DAPP 1.4% was threefold stronger than that of free stanols. In hamsters supplemented with DAPP 1.4%, plasma TG concentrations were 45% lower (P= 0.018) than in cholesterol-control-fed hamsters, whereas no such beneficial effect was observed in the free stanol group. Erythrocyte fragility was unaffected by DAPP or free phytostanols. Results of the current study demonstrate that DAPP lowers cholesterol more efficiently than free stanols, without an adverse effect on erythrocyte fragility in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ebine
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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IWATA T, NAKAJIMA S, YAGI T, YOKOMIZO K, MOMIYAMA K, SAGI N, ITO T, MAEDA S, HAMASHIMA M. Effect of Dietary Oils on the Life Span of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. J Oleo Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.54.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tatematsu K, Fuma SY, Nagase T, Ichikawa Y, Fujii Y, Okuyama H. Factors other than phytosterols in some vegetable oils affect the survival of SHRSP rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1443-51. [PMID: 15234074 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 04/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unusual survival-shortening activities of some vegetable oils were detected in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats, and phytosterol (PS) in the oils and the tissue tocopherol status have been suggested to be the factors for the activities. Here, we re-evaluated the contribution of PS to the survival-shortening, and examined the hepatic tocopherol status. A basal diet for rodents and a test oil were mixed at a 9:1 ratio, and the diet was given to male SHRSP rats upon weaning. The total and major PS contents of the diets and tissue lipids did not correlate with relative survival time. The free fatty acid fractions obtained by lipase and alkaline hydrolyses of canola oil (Can) and the original Can contained PS in comparable amounts but the free fatty acid fractions did not exhibit survival-shortening activities compared with the soybean oil (Soy) group. The activity was not detected in the ethyl acetate extracts of the aqueous phase after the hydrolysis. When a commercially available PS preparation was added to the Soy diet at an amount 2.8-fold higher than that in the Can diet, the mean survival time was shortened but was still significantly longer than that of the Can group. The hepatic tocopherol level was significantly higher in the Can group than in the hydrogenated Soy group and Soy group, but the former two groups exhibited a survival-shortening activity. These results indicate that factors other than PS, tocopherol status and fatty acid composition in some vegetable oils are critical for the survival-shortening activity observed in SHRSP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Tatematsu
- Department of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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Tatematsu K, Fuma SY, Satoh J, Ichikawa Y, Fujii Y, Okuyama H. Dietary canola and soybean oil fed to SHRSP rat dams differently affect the growth and survival of their male pups. J Nutr 2004; 134:1347-52. [PMID: 15173395 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.6.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola oil (Can), as well as some other oils, shortens the survival of SHRSP rats compared with soybean oil (Soy). Although detrimental factors other than phytosterols have not been identified, they are likely to be hydrophobic and transmissible to pups. To test this possibility, female SHRSP rats (F0) were fed a diet supplemented with Can or Soy and mated at 11 wk of age. The growth of suckling pups (F1) from the Can-fed dams was significantly retarded compared with that of pups from the Soy-fed dams. Half of the male pups (F1) were weaned to the same diet as their dams (Can-->Can and Soy-->Soy groups) and the rest were weaned to the other diet (Can-->Soy and Soy-->Can groups). The survival rate of the male pups (F1) was significantly lower in the Can-->Can group than in the Soy-->Can group, and in the Can-->Soy group than in the Soy-->Soy group, indicating that the oils fed to dams differently affected the growth and survival of pups. There were fewer pups per dam in the Can-fed dams (F0) than in the Soy-fed dams, and in the dams (F1) of the Can-->Can and Soy-->Can groups than in those of the Can-->Soy and Soy-->Soy groups. Although Can is nutritionally detrimental to SHRSP rats compared with Soy, no direct evidence has been obtained thus far relating these observations to human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Tatematsu
- Department of Nutraceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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