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Kaur J, Verma H, Kaur J, Lata P, Dhingra GG, Lal R. In Silico Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Physiological Characteristics of Sphingobium indicum B90A: A Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:233. [PMID: 38904756 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The study focuses on the in silico genomic characterization of Sphingobium indicum B90A, revealing a wealth of genes involved in stress response, carbon monoxide oxidation, β-carotene biosynthesis, heavy metal resistance, and aromatic compound degradation, suggesting its potential as a bioremediation agent. Furthermore, genomic adaptations among nine Sphingomonad strains were explored, highlighting shared core genes via pangenome analysis, including those related to the shikimate pathway and heavy metal resistance. The majority of genes associated with aromatic compound degradation, heavy metal resistance, and stress response were found within genomic islands across all strains. Sphingobium indicum UT26S exhibited the highest number of genomic islands, while Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 had the maximum fraction of its genome covered by genomic islands. The distribution of lin genes varied among the strains, indicating diverse genetic responses to environmental pressures. Additionally, in silico evidence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between plasmids pSRL3 and pISP3 of the Sphingobium and Sphingomonas genera, respectively, has been provided. The manuscript offers novel insights into strain B90A, highlighting its role in horizontal gene transfer and refining evolutionary relationships among Sphingomonad strains. The discovery of stress response genes and the czcABCD operon emphasizes the potential of Sphingomonads in consortia development, supported by genomic island analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Helianthous Verma
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pushp Lata
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Gauri Garg Dhingra
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India.
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2
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Sarai NS, Fulton TJ, O'Meara RL, Johnston KE, Brinkmann-Chen S, Maar RR, Tecklenburg RE, Roberts JM, Reddel JCT, Katsoulis DE, Arnold FH. Directed evolution of enzymatic silicon-carbon bond cleavage in siloxanes. Science 2024; 383:438-443. [PMID: 38271505 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) are man-made, nonbiodegradable chemicals produced at a megaton-per-year scale, which leads to concern over their potential for environmental persistence, long-range transport, and bioaccumulation. We used directed evolution to engineer a variant of bacterial cytochrome P450BM3 to break silicon-carbon bonds in linear and cyclic VMS. To accomplish silicon-carbon bond cleavage, the enzyme catalyzes two tandem oxidations of a siloxane methyl group, which is followed by putative [1,2]-Brook rearrangement and hydrolysis. Discovery of this so-called siloxane oxidase opens possibilities for the eventual biodegradation of VMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Sarai
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tyler J Fulton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ryen L O'Meara
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kadina E Johnston
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sabine Brinkmann-Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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3
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Pant R, Kumar R, Sharma S, Karuppasamy R, Veerappapillai S. Exploring the potential of Halalkalibacterium halodurans laccase for endosulfan and chlorophacinone degradation: insights from molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37990551 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture but at the same time, a majority of them are known to cause serious harm to health and the environment. In the recent past, laccases have been reported as key enzymes having the ability to degrade pollutants by converting them into less toxic forms. In this investigation, laccase from polyextremophilic bacterium Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125 was analyzed for its structural, physicochemical, and functional characterization using in silico approaches. The 3D model of the said enzyme is unknown; therefore, the model was generated by template-independent modeling using ROBETTA, I-TASSER, and Alphafold server. The best-generated model from Alphafold with a confidence of 0.95 was validated from ERRAT and Verify 3D scores of 89.95 and 91.80%, respectively. The Ramachandran plot generated using the PROCHECK server further predicted the accuracy of the model with 93.7% and 5.9% of residues present in most favored and additional allowed regions of the plot respectively. The active sites, ion binding sites, and subcellular localization of laccase were also predicted. The generated model was docked with 121 pollutants (pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides) for its degradation potential towards these pollutants. Two ligands chlorophacinone (based on the highest binding energy) and endosulfan (based on agricultural uses) were selected for molecular dynamic simulation studies. Endosulfan as a pesticide is banned but in some countries governments allow its use for special purposes which need serious consideration on developing bioremediation approaches for endosulfan degradation. MD simulation studies revealed that both chlorophacinone and endosulfan form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds with the active site of laccase and chlorophacinone-laccase complex were more stable in comparison to endosulfan. The present investigation provides insight into the structural features of laccase and its potential for the degradation of pesticides which can be further validated by experimental data.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramanathan Karuppasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanthi Veerappapillai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saadon S, Ali MSM, Kamarudin NHA, Latip W, Ishak SNH, Basri RS, Johan UUM, Shukri NSA, Rosli NE, Rahman RNZRA. Benefitting multi-enzyme system for the purpose of improving the flow properties of waxy oil. GEOENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023; 230:212221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.geoen.2023.212221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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5
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Gomes AFF, de Almeida LG, Cônsoli FL. Comparative Genomics of Pesticide-Degrading Enterococcus Symbionts of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Leads to the Identification of Two New Species and the Reappraisal of Insect-Associated Enterococcus Species. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2583-2605. [PMID: 37433981 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus species have been described as core members of the microbial community of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and have been previously reported as insecticide degrading agents. This study aimed to investigate the molecular composition of these microbial symbionts of S. frugiperda to better understand their association with the host and their potential for insecticide metabolization. Through phenotypic assays and comparative genomic analyses of several pesticide-degrading Enterococcus isolated from the gut of S. frugiperda larvae, we identified two new species: Enterococcus entomosocium n. sp. and Enterococcus spodopteracolus n. sp. Their identities as new species were confirmed by whole genome alignment, utilizing cut-offs of 95-96% for the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 70% for the digital DNA: DNA hybridization (dDDH) values. The systematic positioning of these new species within the genus Enterococcus was resolved using genome-based analysis, revealing Enterococcus casseliflavus as a sister group of E. entomosocium n. sp., and Enterococcus mundtii as a sister group of E. spodopteracolus n. sp. Comparative genomic analyses of several isolates of E. entomosocium n. sp. and E. spodopteracolus n. sp. provided a better assessment of the interactions established in the symbiotic association with S. frugiperda and led to the discovery of misidentified new species of Enterococcus associated with insects. Our analyses indicated that the potential of E. entomosocium n. sp. and E. spodopteracolus n. sp. to metabolize different pesticides arises from molecular mechanisms that result in rapid evolution of new phenotypes in response to environmental stressors, in this case, the pesticides their host insect is exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Freitas Gomes
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Insect Interactions Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Gustavo de Almeida
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Insect Interactions Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Insect Interactions Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Costa LMO, Reis IS, Fernandes C, Marques MM, Resende JALC, Krenske EH, Schenk G, Gahan LR, Horn A. Synthesis, characterization and computational investigation of the phosphatase activity of a dinuclear Zinc(II) complex containing a new heptadentate asymmetric ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 239:112064. [PMID: 36410306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new asymmetric heptadentate ligand based on the 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol backbone. The ligand 3-[[3-(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-(2-carbamoyl-ethyl)-amino]-propionamide (HL1) contains two amide and two pyridine groups attached to the 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol core. Reaction between HL1 and Zn(ClO4)2.6H2O resulted in the formation of the dinuclear [Zn2(L1)(μ-OAc)](ClO4)2 complex, characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H, 13C and 15N NMR, ESI-(+)-MS, CHN elemental analysis as well as infrared spectroscopy. The phosphatase activity of the complex was studied in the pH range 6-11 employing pyridinium bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate (py(BDNPP)) as substrate. The complex exhibited activity dependent on the pH, presenting an asymmetric bell shape profile with the highest activity at pH 9; at high pH ligand exchange is rate-limiting. The hydrolysis of BDNPP- at pH 9 displayed behavior characteristic of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with kcat = 5.06 × 10-3 min-1 and Km = 5.7 ± 1.0 mM. DFT calculations map out plausible reaction pathways and identify a terminal, Zn(II)-bound hydroxide as likely nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luel M O Costa
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Iago S Reis
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Christiane Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Marques
- Colégio Universitário Geraldo Reis, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil
| | - Jackson A L C Resende
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072; Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lawrence R Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adolfo Horn
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
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7
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Krishnani KK, Oakeshott JG, Pandey G. Wide substrate range for a candidate bioremediation enzyme isolated from Nocardioides sp. strain SG-4 G. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad085. [PMID: 37660276 PMCID: PMC10501498 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrow substrate ranges can impact heavily on the range of applications and hence commercial viability of candidate bioremediation enzymes. Here we show that an ester hydrolase from Nocardioides strain SG-4 G has potential as a bioremediation agent against various pollutants that can be detoxified by hydrolytic cleavage of some carboxylester, carbamate, or amide linkages. Previously we showed that a radiation-killed, freeze-dried preparation (ZimA) of this strain can rapidly degrade the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim due to the activity of a specific ester hydrolase, MheI. Here, we report that ZimA also has substantial hydrolytic activity against phthalate diesters (dimethyl, dibutyl, and dioctyl phthalate), anilide (propanil and monalide), and carbamate ester (chlorpropham) herbicides under laboratory conditions. The reaction products are substantially less toxic, or inactive as herbicides, than the parent compounds. Tests of strain SG-4 G and Escherichia coli expressing MheI found they were also able to hydrolyse dimethyl phthalate, propanil, and chlorpropham, indicating that MheI is principally responsible for the above activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Krishnani
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
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Aguilera Flores MM, Sánchez Castro MA, Ávila Vázquez V, Correa Aguado HC, García Torres J. Evaluation of the lipase from castor bean ( Ricinus Communis L.) as a potential agent for the remediation of used lubricating oil contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:657-673. [PMID: 36406614 PMCID: PMC9672203 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of hydrocarbons-contaminated soils, using enzymes, is considered an alternative technology for soil remediation, obtaining shorter remediation times, greater removal efficiencies, and less waste generation. The lipases from invasive plants such as castor bean (Ricinus Communis L.) could represent an opportunity for its application in this purpose. This paper reports the results of evaluating enzymatic treatment at different conditions for the remediation of used lubricating oil-contaminated soils. Four assays were performed for the removal of the contaminant in a soil sample: (1) natural attenuation and (2) biostimulation with urea (10% w/v), both used as blanks, (3) enzymatic treatment with lipases at ambient conditions (room temperature, soil pH) and (4) enzymatic treatment with lipases at ideal conditions (temperature 37 °C, pH 4.5). After seven weeks of treatment, removal percentages of 14.23 ± 1.92%, 35.71 ± 5.17%, 14.11 ± 6.71%, and 94.26 ± 1.91%, respectively, were obtained. The degradation of the contaminant was analyzed by Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for each assay. Results show the potential of the lipases for catalyzing the degradation of this contaminant in the soil at ideal conditions, representing an alternative technology to be applied as treatment ex-situ. This paper is the first study known to show the utilization of castor bean lipase for the remediation of hydrocarbons-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores
- Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, 98160 Zacatecas, Zac Mexico
| | - Manuel Alexis Sánchez Castro
- Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, 98160 Zacatecas, Zac Mexico
| | - Verónica Ávila Vázquez
- Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, 98160 Zacatecas, Zac Mexico
| | - Hans Christian Correa Aguado
- Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, 98160 Zacatecas, Zac Mexico
| | - Jésica García Torres
- Environmental Engineering, Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, 98160 Zacatecas, Zac Mexico
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9
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Lorusso C, Calisi A, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Varodi C, Pogăcean F, Pruneanu S, Dondero F. Carbon nanomaterial functionalization with pesticide-detoxifying carboxylesterase. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136594. [PMID: 36167211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Four carbon materials, spent coffee-ground biochar, carbon black, short CNTs, and nitrogen-doped few-layer graphene (N-graphene) were tested for their functionalization with a commercial carboxylesterase. Their robustness to variations in time and key physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) was analysed. In general, carbon nanomaterials showed better performance than biochar, both in terms of binding capacity and resilience in harsh conditions, at statistically significant levels. Among the tested materials, functionalized N-graphene also showed the highest level of inhibition of carboxylesterase by pesticide exposure. Therefore, N-graphene was selected for biotechnological application of pesticide scavenging toxicity in T. thermophila, a ciliate bioindicator of water quality. While immobilization of the enzyme was not effective in the case of carbaryl, a methyl carbamate, in the case of the organophosphorus dichlorvos, a 1- or 30-min contact time with a water solution containing 5 times the LC100 - 0.5 mM - allowed 50% and 100% rescue of ciliate survival, respectively. These results suggest that functionalization with carboxylesterase may be of additional benefit compared to bare carbon in water clean-up procedures, especially for highly hydrophilic pesticides such as dichlorvos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Lorusso
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Antonio Calisi
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Juan Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Codruta Varodi
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Florina Pogăcean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Stela Pruneanu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Francesco Dondero
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhao Z. Metabonomics reveals that entomopathogenic nematodes mediate tryptophan metabolites that kill host insects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042145. [PMID: 36439848 PMCID: PMC9686292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema feltiae, which carries the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus bovienii in its gut, is an important biocontrol agent. This EPN could produce a suite of complex metabolites and toxin proteins and lead to the death of host insects within 24–48 h. However, few studies have been performed on the key biomarkers released by EPNs to kill host insects. The objective of this study was to examine what substances produced by EPNs cause the death of host insects. We found that all densities of nematode suspensions exhibited insecticidal activities after hemocoelic injection into Galleria mellonella larvae. EPN infection 9 h later led to immunosuppression by activating insect esterase activity, but eventually, the host insect darkened and died. Before insect immunity was activated, we applied a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to determine the hemolymph of the wax moth G. mellonella infected by EPNs. The results indicated that the tryptophan (Trp) pathway of G. mellonella was significantly activated, and the contents of kynurenine (Kyn) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) were markedly increased. Additionally, 3-HAA was highly toxic to G. mellonella and resulted in corrected mortalities of 62.50%. Tryptophan metabolites produced by EPNs are a potential marker to kill insects, opening up a novel line of inquiry into exploring the infestation mechanism of EPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zihua Zhao,
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11
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Daâssi D, Qabil Almaghribi F. Petroleum-contaminated soil: environmental occurrence and remediation strategies. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:139. [PMID: 35646506 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is an environmental matrix that carries life for all living things. With the rise of human activities and the acceleration of population, the soil has been exposed in part to pollution by the discharge of various xenobiotics and persistent pollutants into it. The disposal of toxic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alters soil properties, affects microbial biodiversity, and damages objects. Considering the mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons, the restoration and clean-up of PAH-polluted sites represents an important technological and environmental challenge for sustainable growth and development. Though several treatment methods to remediate PAH-polluted soils exist, interesting bacteria, fungi, and their enzymes receive considerable attention. The aim of the present review is to discuss PAHs' impact on soil properties. Also, this review illustrates physicochemical and biological remediation strategies for treating PAH-contaminated soil. The degradation pathways and contributing factors of microbial PAH-degradation are elucidated. This review also assesses the use of conventional microbial remediation compared to the application of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEM) that can provide a cost-effective and eco-friendly PAH-bioremediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Daâssi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Qabil Almaghribi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Vyas T, Singh V, Kodgire P, Joshi A. Insights in detection and analysis of organophosphates using organophosphorus acid anhydrolases (OPAA) enzyme-based biosensors. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:521-539. [PMID: 35504858 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2052012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The human population is dependent on agriculture for its food requirements and survival. Several insecticides and pesticides have found their use for improvements in agricultural yields. Organophosphates (OP) are one of the many compounds used as insecticides and pesticides. OPs have also been used to develop G and V-series chemicals which act as highly toxic nerve agents that can severely influence the normal function of the nervous system in all living beings. Thus, OP compounds utilized as insecticides/pesticides and nerve agents are hazardous to the environment, lethal for humans and other non-target animals. To avoid their toxicity, approaches to detect and neutralize them have become essential. A variety of analytical procedures such as electrochemical processes and chromatography methods, namely liquid and gas chromatography, have been employed to detect OPs. Though these techniques are sensitive and highly accurate they suffer from drawbacks, for instance: their bulky nature and expensive instrumentation, the difficulty of operation, long detection times, and they can yield unpredictable results with variable sample complexities. With the advent of several types of biosensors, the assay of OP compounds has become simpler, faster, cost-effective with improved sensitivity, and provides the capability for onsite detection. OP biosensor assays typically utilize several enzymes with the capability to hydrolyze/degrade OP compounds, such as organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) and organophosphate acid hydrolase (OPAA). This review focuses on discussing various aspects of OPAA as biological recognition unit in terms of its: structure, properties, activity enhancement methods, and utilization for developing OPAA-based biosensing technologies for insecticides, pesticides, and nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Vyas
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Vinay Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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13
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Gao Y, Shah K, Kwok I, Wang M, Rome LH, Mahendra S. Immobilized fungal enzymes: Innovations and potential applications in biodegradation and biosynthesis. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 57:107936. [PMID: 35276253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes catalyze various reactions inside and outside living cells. Among the widely studied enzymes, fungal enzymes have been used for some of the most diverse purposes, especially in bioremediation, biosynthesis, and many nature-inspired commercial applications. To improve their stability and catalytic ability, fungal enzymes are often immobilized on assorted materials, conventional as well as nanoscale. Recent advances in fungal enzyme immobilization provide effective and sustainable approaches to achieve improved environmental and commercial outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly studied fungal enzymes and immobilization technologies. It also summarizes recent advances involving immobilized fungal enzymes for the degradation or assembly of compounds used in the manufacture of products, such as detergents, food additives, and fossil fuel alternatives. Furthermore, challenges and future directions are highlighted to offer new perspectives on improving existing technologies and addressing unexplored fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Kshitjia Shah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ivy Kwok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Leonard H Rome
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Gu S, Xu D, Zhou F, Chen C, Liu C, Tian M, Jiang A. The Garbage Enzyme with Chinese Hoenylocust Fruits Showed Better Properties and Application than When Using the Garbage Enzyme Alone. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112656. [PMID: 34828937 PMCID: PMC8622515 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garbage enzyme (GE) is a vinegar or alcohol product derived from fermenting fresh kitchen waste, such as vegetable and fruit residues (peels, cuttings and bits), sugar (brown sugar, jaggery or molasses sugar) and water. Chinese honeylocust fruits (Gleditsia sinensis) have been used in China for at least 2000 years as a detergent. The aim of the study was to investigate the properties and application of Chinese honeylocust garbage enzyme (CHGE), which is produced when equal amounts of Chinese honeylocust fruits and fresh wastes are mixed. The results showed that CHGE had lesser microbial communities and lower surface tension than GE. CHGE also had higher viscosity, foam stability and emulsion stability than GE. Compared with GE, CHGE induced higher enzymatic amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease activities. CHGE had stronger detergency than GE and a 100× dilution of CHGE could significantly remove pesticide residues after a 30 min soaking treatment. The study showed that as a biological detergent, CHGE is safer and more environmentally friendly than GE and has remarkable washing and cleaning power. The preparation method of the detergent is simple: it can be prepared at home using fruit and vegetable waste, which is beneficial to the secondary utilization of waste and the reduction of pollution to the environment and damage to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dongying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Fuhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mixia Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China; (S.G.); (D.X.); (F.Z.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (M.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-87656203
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Patil PD, Singh AA, Yadav GD. Biodegradation of organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos into a major fuel additive 2,4-bis(1,1 dimethylethyl) phenol using white-rot fungal strain Trametes hirsuta MTCC-1171. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Recent Advances in Enzymes for the Bioremediation of Pollutants. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:5599204. [PMID: 34401207 PMCID: PMC8364428 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5599204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, pollution of the environment is a huge problem for humans and other organisms' health. Conventional methods of pollutant removal like membrane filtration or ion exchange are not efficient enough to lower the number of pollutants to standard levels. Biological methods, because of their higher efficiency and biocompatibility, are preferred for the remediation of pollutants. These cost-effective and environment-friendly methods of reducing pollutants are called bioremediation. In bioremediation methods, enzymes play the most crucial role. Enzymes can remedy different types of organic and inorganic pollutants, including PAHs, azo dyes, polymers, organocyanides, lead, chromium, and mercury. Different enzymes isolated from various species have been used for the bioremediation of pollutants. Discovering new enzymes and new subtypes with specific physicochemical characteristics would be a promising way to find more efficient and cost-effective tools for the remediation of pollutants.
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Gomes MAGB, Fernandes C, Gahan LR, Schenk G, Horn A. Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems Containing Metal Ions for Phosphate Ester Hydrolysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:877-887. [PMID: 32659052 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates are a class of organic compounds that are important for living organisms, forming the building blocks for DNA, RNA, and some essential cofactors. Furthermore, non-natural organophosphates are widely used in industrial applications, including as pesticides; in laundry detergents; and, unfortunately, as chemical weapons agents. In some cases, the natural degradation of organophosphates can take thousands of years; this longevity creates problems associated with handling and the storage of waste generated by such phosphate esters, in particular. Efforts to develop new catalysts for the cleavage of phosphate esters have progressed in recent decades, mainly in the area of homogeneous catalysis. In contrast, the development of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrolysis of organophosphates has not been as prominent. Herein, examples of heterogeneous systems are described and the importance of the development of heterogeneous catalysts applicable to organophosphate hydrolysis is highlighted, shedding light on recent advances related to different solid matrices that have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiane Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence R Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Adolfo Horn
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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18
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Microbial Enzymes in the Bioremediation of Pollutants: Emerging Potential and Challenges. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Abdelgalil SA, Attia AR, Reyed RM, Soliman NA. Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a new highly acidic NYSO laccase from Alcaligenes faecalis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:79. [PMID: 33247311 PMCID: PMC7695795 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to the multitude industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes, their demands are increasing. Partial purification and intensive characterization of contemporary highly acidic laccase enzyme produced by an Egyptian local isolate designated Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO were studied in the present investigation. Results Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO laccase has been partially purified and intensively biochemically characterized. It was noticed that 40–60% ammonium sulfate saturation showed maximum activity. A protein band with an apparent molecular mass of ~ 50 kDa related to NYSO laccase was identified through SDS-PAGE and zymography. The partially purified enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 55 °C and pH suboptimal (2.5–5.0). Remarkable activation for enzyme activity was recognized after 10-min exposure to temperatures (T) 50, 60, and 70 °C; time elongation caused inactivation, where ~ 50% of activity was lost after a 7-h exposure to 60 °C. Some metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, and Mg2+ caused strong stimulation for enzyme activity, but Fe2+ and Hg2+ reduced the activity. One millimolar of chelating agents [ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, and sodium oxalate] caused strong activation for enzyme activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cysteine-HCl, dithiothreitol (DTT), β-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, and sodium azide caused strong inhibition for NYSO laccase activity even at low concentration. One millimolar of urea, imidazole, kojic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), H2O2, and Triton X-100 caused activation. The partially purified NYSO laccase had decolorization activity towards different dyes such as congo red, crystal violet, methylene blue, fast green, basic fuchsin, bromophenol blue, malachite green, bromocresol purple eriochrome black T, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 with various degree of degradation. Also, it had a vast range of substrate specificity including lignin, but with high affinity towards p-anisidine. Conclusion The promising properties of the newly studied laccase enzyme from Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO strain would support several industries such as textile, food, and paper and open the possibility for commercial use in water treatment. It will also open the door to new applications due to its ligninolytic properties in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad A Abdelgalil
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institure (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmad R Attia
- Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reyed M Reyed
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institure (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Soliman
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institure (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
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20
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Laczi K, Erdeiné Kis Á, Szilágyi Á, Bounedjoum N, Bodor A, Vincze GE, Kovács T, Rákhely G, Perei K. New Frontiers of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in the Multi-Omics Era. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590049. [PMID: 33304336 PMCID: PMC7701123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment substantially endangers terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Many microbial strains have been recognized to utilize aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons under aerobic conditions. Nevertheless, most of these pollutants are transferred by natural processes, including rain, into the underground anaerobic zones where their degradation is much more problematic. In oxic zones, anaerobic microenvironments can be formed as a consequence of the intensive respiratory activities of (facultative) aerobic microbes. Even though aerobic bioremediation has been well-characterized over the past few decades, ample research is yet to be done in the field of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. With the emergence of high-throughput techniques, known as omics (e.g., genomics and metagenomics), the individual biodegraders, hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities and metabolic pathways, interactions can be described at a contaminated site. Omics approaches provide the opportunity to examine single microorganisms or microbial communities at the system level and elucidate the metabolic networks, interspecies interactions during hydrocarbon mineralization. Metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics, for example, can shed light on the active genes and proteins and functional importance of the less abundant species. Moreover, novel unculturable hydrocarbon-degrading strains and enzymes can be discovered and fit into the metabolic networks of the community. Our objective is to review the anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation processes, the most important hydrocarbon degraders and their diverse metabolic pathways, including the use of various terminal electron acceptors and various electron transfer processes. The review primarily focuses on the achievements obtained by the current high-throughput (multi-omics) techniques which opened new perspectives in understanding the processes at the system level including the metabolic routes of individual strains, metabolic/electric interaction of the members of microbial communities. Based on the multi-omics techniques, novel metabolic blocks can be designed and used for the construction of microbial strains/consortia for efficient removal of hydrocarbons in anaerobic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Laczi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Erdeiné Kis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szilágyi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Naila Bounedjoum
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Bodor
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanophagetherapy Center, Enviroinvest Corporation, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Perei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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A Bacillus Spore-Based Display System for Bioremediation of Atrazine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01230-20. [PMID: 32680864 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01230-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to human activities, a large number of organic chemicals, including petroleum products, industrial solvents, pesticides, herbicides (including atrazine [ATR]), and pharmaceuticals, contaminate soil and aquatic environments. Remediation of these pollutants by conventional approaches is both technically and economically challenging. Bacillus endospores are highly resistant to most physical assaults and are capable of long-term persistence in soil. Spores can be engineered to express, on their surface, important enzymes for bioremediation purposes. We have developed a Bacillus thuringiensis spore platform system that can display a high density of proteins on the spore surface. The spore surface-tethered enzymes exhibit enhanced activity and stability relative to free enzymes in soil and water environments. In this study, we evaluated a B. thuringiensis spore display platform as a bioremediation tool against ATR. The Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP atzA determinant, an ATR chlorohydrolase important to the detoxification of ATR, was expressed as a fusion protein linked to the attachment domain of the BclA spore surface nap layer protein and expressed in B. thuringiensis Spores from this strain are decorated with AtzA N-terminally linked on the surface of the spores. The recombinant spores were assayed for ATR detoxification in liquid and soil environments, and enzyme kinetics and stability were assessed. We successfully demonstrated the utility of this spore-based enzyme display system to detoxify ATR in water and laboratory soil samples.IMPORTANCE Atrazine is one of the most widely applied herbicides in the U.S. midwestern states. The long environmental half-life of atrazine has contributed to the contamination of surface water and groundwater by atrazine and its chlorinated metabolites. The toxic properties of ATR have raised public health and ecological concerns. However, remediation of ATR by conventional approaches has proven to be costly and inefficient. We developed a novel B. thuringiensis spore platform system that is capable of long-term persistence in soil and can be engineered to surface express a high density of enzymes useful for bioremediation purposes. The enzymes are stably attached to the surface of the spore exosporium layer. The spore-based system will likely prove useful for remediation of other environmental pollutants as well.
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Ito K, Takagi K, Kataoka R, Kiyota H. Biochemical characterization of NADH:FMN oxidoreductase HcbA3 from Nocardioides sp. PD653 in catalyzing aerobic HCB dechlorination. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:125-131. [PMID: 32913414 PMCID: PMC7453296 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nocardioides sp. PD653 genes hcbA1, hcbA2, and hcbA3 encode enzymes that catalyze the oxidative dehalogenation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which is one of the most recalcitrant persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, HcbA1, HcbA2, and HcbA3 were heterologously expressed and characterized. Among the flavin species tested, HcbA3 showed the highest affinity for FMN with a K d value of 0.75±0.17 µM. Kinetic assays revealed that HcbA3 followed a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism for the reduction of flavins. The K m for NADH and FMN was 51.66±11.58 µM and 4.43±0.69 µM, respectively. For both NADH and FMN, the V max and k cat were 2.21±0.86 µM and 66.74±5.91 sec-1, respectively. We also successfully reconstituted the oxidative dehalogenase reaction in vitro, which consisted of HcbA1, HcbA3, FMN, and NADH, suggesting that HcbA3 may be the partner reductase component for HcbA1 in Nocardioides sp. PD653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ito
- Hazardous Chemical Division, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation, Kannondai, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takagi
- Hazardous Chemical Division, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation, Kannondai, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryota Kataoka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-city, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama-city, Okayama, Japan
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bhatt P, Bhatt K, Huang Y, Lin Z, Chen S. Esterase is a powerful tool for the biodegradation of pyrethroid insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125507. [PMID: 31835049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and household applications of pyrethroid insecticides have significantly increased residual concentrations in living cells and environments. The enhanced concentration is toxic for living beings. Pyrethroid hydrolase enzyme (pyrethroid catalyzing esterase) regulates pyrethroid degradation, and has been well reported in various organisms (bacteria, fungi, insects and animals). Hydrolysis mechanisms of these esterases are different from others and properly function at factors viz., optimum temperature, pH and physicochemical environment. Active site of the enzyme contains common amino acids that play important role in pyrethroid catalysis. Immobilization technology emphasizes the development of better reusable efficiency of pyrethroid hydrolases to carry out large-scale applications for complete degradation of pyrethroids from the environments. In this review we have attempted to provide insights of pyrethroid-degrading esterases in different living systems along with complete mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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25
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Deviany, Liang Y, Jiang G, Lu D, Liu Z. Magnetic Multienzyme Nanoparticles Catalyzed Degradation of Aqueous Tributyltin. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stadlmair LF, Letzel T, Drewes JE, Grassmann J. Enzymes in removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: A critical review of challenges, applications and screening methods for their selection. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:649-661. [PMID: 29723723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At present, the removal of trace organic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants is often incomplete resulting in a continuous discharge into the aqueous environment. To overcome this issue, bioremediation approaches gained significant importance in recent times, since they might have a lower carbon footprint than chemical or physical treatment methods. In this context, enzyme-based technologies represent a promising alternative since they are able to specifically target certain chemicals. For this purpose, versatile monitoring of enzymatic reactions is of great importance in order to understand underlying transformation mechanisms and estimate the suitability of various enzymes exhibiting different specificities for bioremediation purposes. This study provides a comprehensive review, summarizing research on enzymatic transformation of pharmaceuticals in water treatment applications using traditional and state-of-the-art enzyme screening approaches with a special focus on mass spectrometry (MS)-based and high-throughput tools. MS-based enzyme screening represents an approach that allows a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of enzymatic reactions and, in particular, the identification of transformation products. A critical discussion of these approaches for implementation in wastewater treatment processes is also presented. So far, there are still major gaps between laboratory- and field-scale research that need to be overcome in order to assess the viability for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara F Stadlmair
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Grassmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
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Aldhahri MM, Almulaiky YQ, El-Shishtawy RM, Al-Shawafi W, Alngadh A, Maghrabi R. Facile Immobilization of Enzyme via Co-Electrospinning: A Simple Method for Enhancing Enzyme Reusability and Monitoring an Activity-Based Organic Semiconductor. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6346-6350. [PMID: 31458817 PMCID: PMC6644564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The stability, reusability, and monitoring of enzyme activity have been investigated to improve their efficiency for successful utilization in a broad range of industrial and medical applications. Herein, we present a simple method for fabricating an electrospun fiber/enzyme scaffold via co-electrospinning. The characterization of soluble and immobilized α-amylases with regard to pH, thermal stability, and reusability were studied. An organic light emitting material tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum was incorporated to monitor the enzyme activity for several reuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab M. Aldhahri
- Center
of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaaser Q. Almulaiky
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Jeddah, P.O.Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda M. El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries, National Research Centre, Dokki, 71516 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed Al-Shawafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alngadh
- King Abdulaziz
City for Science and Technology, P.O.
Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Maghrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Fathi-Roudsari M, Behmanesh M, Salmanian AH, Sadeghizadeh M, Khajeh K. Functional Surface Display of Laccase in a Phenol-Inducible Bacterial Circuit for Bioremediation Purposes. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:202-9. [PMID: 29078699 PMCID: PMC5889505 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.3.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Phenolic compounds, which are produced routinely by industrial and urban activities, possess dangers to live organisms and environment. Laccases are oxidoreductase enzymes with the ability of remediating a wide variety of phenolic compounds to more benign molecules. The purpose of the present research is surface display of a laccase enzyme with adhesin involved in diffuse adhesion (AIDA-I) autotransporter system on the surface of Escherichia coli cells for bioremediation of phenolic compounds. Methods: The expression of laccase was regulated by a phenol-responsive promoter (a σ54promoter). The constitutively-expressed CapR transcription activator was able to induce laccase expression in the presence of phenolic compounds. Results: Western blot analysis showed the expression and correct transfer of the enzyme to the outer membrane of E. coli cells in the presence of phenol. Activity assay confirmed the correct folding of the enzyme after translocation through the autotransporter system. HPLC analysis of residual phenol in culture medium showed a significant reduction of phenol concentration in the presence of cells displaying laccase on the surface. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that autodisplay enables functional surface display of laccase for direct substrate-enzyme availability by overcoming membrane hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Shah PC, Kumar VR, Dastager SG, Khire JM. Phytase production by Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 for a novel application to degrade organophosphorus pesticides. AMB Express 2017; 7:66. [PMID: 28321795 PMCID: PMC5359262 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of phytase using Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 under submerged fermentation conditions was studied using protein rich chickpea flour as substrate. Employing a hybrid statistical media optimization strategy of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs in shake-flasks gave an increased phytase activity from an initial 66 IU/mL in 216 h to 160 IU/mL in a reduced time of 132 h. Productivity, thus increased by 3.97 times from 7.3 to 29 IU/mL/day. Using the optimized media, the production was successfully scaled-up further and improved up to 164 IU/mL in 96 h by studies carried out employing 2 and 10-L fermenters. The enzyme supernatant was recovered using centrifugal separation of biomass and the stability of the produced phytase was tested for animal feed applications under gastric conditions. In vitro degradation studies of water soluble monocrotophos, methyl parathion and water insoluble chlorpyrifos, pesticides used extensively in agriculture was carried out. It was observed by HPLC analysis that phytase could degrade 72% of chlorpyrifos at pH 7.0, 35 °C. Comparable results were obtained with monocrotophos and methyl parathion. With chlorpyrifos at higher temperature 50 °C as much as 91% degradation could be obtained. The degradation of chlorpyrifos was further validated by spraying phytase on harvested green chilli (Capsicum annuum L) under normal conditions of pH 7.0, 35 °C and the degradation products obtained analyzed by LCMS. Thus, the present study brings out a potentially novel application of phytase for biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin C. Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
| | - V. Ravi Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division (CEPD), CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Syed G. Dastager
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Jayant M. Khire
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411008 India
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32
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Lei J, Wei S, Ren L, Hu S, Chen P. Hydrolysis mechanism of carbendazim hydrolase from the strain Microbacterium sp. djl-6F. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 54:171-177. [PMID: 28391926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The carbendazim (MBC) hydrolyzing enzyme gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) from a newly isolated MBC-degrading bacterium strain Microbacterium sp. strain djl-6F. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis revealed that purified MheI-6F protein catalyzes direct hydrolysis of MBC into 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AB) with a high turnover rate and moderate affinity (Km of 6.69μmol/L and kcat of 160.88/min) without the need for any cofactors. The optimal catalytic condition of MheI-6F was identified as 45°C, pH7.0. The enzymatic activity of MheI-6F was found to be diminished by metal ions, and strongly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Through generating amino acid mutations in MheI-6F, Cys16 and Cys222 were identified as the catalytic groups that are essential for the hydrolysis of MBC. This is the first report on the biodegradation of MBC at the enzymatice level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Lei
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Survey and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, Baoji 721013, China; College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Survey and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, Baoji 721013, China; College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lijun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Survey and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Shibin Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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Lopes AR, Sousa VM, Estevinho BN, Leite JP, Moreira NFF, Gales L, Rocha F, Nunes OC. Production of microparticles of molinate degrading biocatalysts using the spray drying technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:61-68. [PMID: 27421102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated the capability of mixed culture DC1 to mineralize the thiocarbamate herbicide molinate through the activity of molinate hydrolase (MolA). Because liquid suspensions are not compatible with long-term storage and are not easy to handle when bioremediation strategies are envisaged, in this study spray drying was evaluated as a cost-effective method to store and transport these molinate biocatalysts. Microparticles of mixed culture DC1 (DC1) and of cell free crude extracts containing MolA (MA) were obtained without any carrier polymer, and with calcium alginate (CA) or modified chitosan (MCt) as immobilizing agents. All the DC1 microparticles showed high molinate degrading activity upon storage for 6 months, or after 9 additions of ∼0.4 mM molinate over 1 month. The DC1-MCt microparticles were those with the highest survival rate and lowest heterogeneity. For MA microparticles, only MA-MCt degraded molinate. However, its Vmax was only 1.4% of that of the fresh cell free extract (non spray dried). The feasibility of using the DC1-MCt and MA-MCt microparticles in bioaugmentation processes was assessed in river water microcosms, using mass (g):volume (L) ratios of 1:13 and 1:0.25, respectively. Both type of microparticles removed ∼65-75% of the initial 1.5 mg L(-1) molinate, after 7 days of incubation. However, only DC1-MCt microparticles were able to degrade this environmental concentration of molinate without disturbing the native bacterial community. These results suggest that spray drying can be successfully used to produce DC1-MCt microparticles to remediate molinate polluted sites through a bioaugmentation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Lopes
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Sousa
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta N Estevinho
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José P Leite
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F F Moreira
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gales
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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34
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Maqbool Z, Hussain S, Imran M, Mahmood F, Shahzad T, Ahmed Z, Azeem F, Muzammil S. Perspectives of using fungi as bioresource for bioremediation of pesticides in the environment: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16904-16925. [PMID: 27272922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used for controlling the development of various pests in agricultural crops worldwide. Despite their agricultural benefits, pesticides are often considered a serious threat to the environment because of their persistent nature and the anomalies they create. Hence removal of such pesticides from the environment is a topic of interest for the researchers nowadays. During the recent years, use of biological resources to degrade or remove pesticides has emerged as a powerful tool for their in situ degradation and remediation. Fungi are among such bioresources that have been widely characterized and applied for biodegradation and bioremediation of pesticides. This review article presents the perspectives of using fungi for biodegradation and bioremediation of pesticides in liquid and soil media. This review clearly indicates that fungal isolates are an effective bioresource to degrade different pesticides including lindane, methamidophos, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, atrazine, cypermethrin, dieldrin, methyl parathion, heptachlor, etc. However, rate of fungal degradation of pesticides depends on soil moisture content, nutrient availability, pH, temperature, oxygen level, etc. Fungal strains were found to harbor different processes including hydroxylation, demethylation, dechlorination, dioxygenation, esterification, dehydrochlorination, oxidation, etc during the biodegradation of different pesticides having varying functional groups. Moreover, the biodegradation of different pesticides was found to be mediated by involvement of different enzymes including laccase, hydrolase, peroxidase, esterase, dehydrogenase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, etc. The recent advances in understanding the fungal biodegradation of pesticides focusing on the processes, pathways, genes/enzymes and factors affecting the biodegradation have also been presented in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Maqbool
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Soil Science, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Environmental Microbiology, Soil Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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35
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Jugder BE, Ertan H, Bohl S, Lee M, Marquis CP, Manefield M. Organohalide Respiring Bacteria and Reductive Dehalogenases: Key Tools in Organohalide Bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:249. [PMID: 26973626 PMCID: PMC4771760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Organohalides are recalcitrant pollutants that have been responsible for substantial contamination of soils and groundwater. Organohalide-respiring bacteria (ORB) provide a potential solution to remediate contaminated sites, through their ability to use organohalides as terminal electron acceptors to yield energy for growth (i.e., organohalide respiration). Ideally, this process results in non- or lesser-halogenated compounds that are mostly less toxic to the environment or more easily degraded. At the heart of these processes are reductive dehalogenases (RDases), which are membrane bound enzymes coupled with other components that facilitate dehalogenation of organohalides to generate cellular energy. This review focuses on RDases, concentrating on those which have been purified (partially or wholly) and functionally characterized. Further, the paper reviews the major bacteria involved in organohalide breakdown and the evidence for microbial evolution of RDases. Finally, the capacity for using ORB in a bioremediation and bioaugmentation capacity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Erdene Jugder
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haluk Ertan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Susanne Bohl
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheim, Germany
| | - Matthew Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher P Marquis
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Manefield
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Li N, Pan Y, Zhang N, Wang X, Zhou W. The bio-reduction of chromate with periplasmic reductase using a novel isolated strain Pseudoalteromonas sp. CF10-13. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel isolated bacteriumPseudoalteromonassp. CF10-13 could reduce Cr(vi) to Cr(iii) by periplasic reductase with Cr(iii) bound to functional groups in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) or leached to media as soulbe organic-Cr(iii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Yanzhuo Pan
- Jinan Licheng No. 2 High School
- Jinan 250104
- China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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37
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Porter JL, Rusli RA, Ollis DL. Directed Evolution of Enzymes for Industrial Biocatalysis. Chembiochem 2015; 17:197-203. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Porter
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Rukhairul A. Rusli
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - David L. Ollis
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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38
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Ufarté L, Laville É, Duquesne S, Potocki-Veronese G. Metagenomics for the discovery of pollutant degrading enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1845-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Wang M, Abad D, Kickhoefer VA, Rome LH, Mahendra S. Vault Nanoparticles Packaged with Enzymes as an Efficient Pollutant Biodegradation Technology. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10931-10940. [PMID: 26493711 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vault nanoparticles packaged with enzymes were synthesized as agents for efficiently degrading environmental contaminants. Enzymatic biodegradation is an attractive technology for in situ cleanup of contaminated environments because enzyme-catalyzed reactions are not constrained by nutrient requirements for microbial growth and often have higher biodegradation rates. However, the limited stability of extracellular enzymes remains a major challenge for practical applications. Encapsulation is a recognized method to enhance enzymatic stability, but it can increase substrate diffusion resistance, lower catalytic rates, and increase the apparent half-saturation constants. Here, we report an effective approach for boosting enzymatic stability by single-step packaging into vault nanoparticles. With hollow core structures, assembled vault nanoparticles can simultaneously contain multiple enzymes. Manganese peroxidase (MnP), which is widely used in biodegradation of organic contaminants, was chosen as a model enzyme in the present study. MnP was incorporated into vaults via fusion to a packaging domain called INT, which strongly interacts with vaults' interior surface. MnP fused to INT and vaults packaged with the MnP-INT fusion protein maintained peroxidase activity. Furthermore, MnP-INT packaged in vaults displayed stability significantly higher than that of free MnP-INT, with slightly increased Km value. Additionally, vault-packaged MnP-INT exhibited 3 times higher phenol biodegradation in 24 h than did unpackaged MnP-INT. These results indicate that the packaging of MnP enzymes in vault nanoparticles extends their stability without compromising catalytic activity. This research will serve as the foundation for the development of efficient and sustainable vault-based bioremediation approaches for removing multiple contaminants from drinking water and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Danny Abad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Valerie A Kickhoefer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Leonard H Rome
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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40
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Enzymatic technologies for remediation of hydrophobic organic pollutants in soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8815-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Burkhardt T, Kaufmann CM, Letzel T, Grassmann J. Enzymatic Assays Coupled with Mass Spectrometry with or without Embedded Liquid Chromatography. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1985-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Burkhardt
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Am Coulombwall 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Christine M. Kaufmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Am Coulombwall 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Am Coulombwall 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johanna Grassmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Am Coulombwall 85748 Garching Germany
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42
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Aceves-Diez AE, Estrada-Castañeda KJ, Castañeda-Sandoval LM. Use of Bacillus thuringiensis supernatant from a fermentation process to improve bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 157:213-219. [PMID: 25910975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of a nutrient-rich organic waste, namely the cell-free supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis (BtS) gathered from fermentation, as a biostimulating agent to improve and sustain microbial populations and their enzymatic activities, thereby assisting in the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil at a high dose (70 mg kg(-1)). Experiments were performed for up to 80 d. Chlorpyrifos degradation and its major metabolic product, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); total microbial populations were enumerated by direct counts in specific medium; and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis was measured as an index of soil microbial activity. Throughout the experiment, there was higher chlorpyrifos degradation in soil supplemented with BtS (83.1%) as compared to non-supplemented soil. TCP formation and degradation occurred in all soils, but the greatest degradation (30.34%) was observed in soil supplemented with BtS. The total microbial populations were significantly improved by supplementation with BtS. The application of chlorpyrifos to soil inhibited the enzymatic activity; however, this negative effect was counteracted by BtS, inducing an increase of approximately 16% in FDA hydrolysis. These results demonstrate the potential of B. thuringiensis supernatant as a suitable biostimulation agent for enhancing chlorpyrifos and TCP biodegradation in chlorpyrifos-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel E Aceves-Diez
- Research and Development Department, Minkab Laboratories, Av. 18 de Marzo No. 546, Col. La Nogalera, Guadalajara, Jalisco, P.O. Box 44470, Mexico.
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Structural and kinetic characterization of recombinant 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida G7. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 579:8-17. [PMID: 26032336 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first enzyme in the oxalocrotonate branch of the naphthalene-degradation lower pathway in Pseudomonas putida G7 is NahI, a 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase which converts 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde to 2-hydroxymuconate in the presence of NAD(+). NahI is in family 8 (ALDH8) of the NAD(P)(+)-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. In this work, we report the cloning, expression, purification and preliminary structural and kinetic characterization of the recombinant NahI. The nahI gene was subcloned into a T7 expression vector and the enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli ArcticExpress as a hexa-histidine-tagged fusion protein. After purification by affinity and size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were conducted to analyze the oligomeric state and the overall shape of the enzyme in solution. The protein is a tetramer in solution and has nearly perfect 222 point group symmetry. Protein stability and secondary structure content were evaluated by a circular dichroism spectroscopy assay under different thermal conditions. Furthermore, kinetic assays were conducted and, for the first time, KM (1.3±0.3μM) and kcat (0.9s(-1)) values were determined at presumed NAD(+) saturation. NahI is highly specific for its biological substrate and has no activity with salicylaldehyde, another intermediate in the naphthalene-degradation pathway.
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Thrall PH, Oakeshott JG, Fitt G, Southerton S, Burdon JJ, Sheppard A, Russell RJ, Zalucki M, Heino M, Ford Denison R. Evolution in agriculture: the application of evolutionary approaches to the management of biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems. Evol Appl 2015; 4:200-15. [PMID: 25567968 PMCID: PMC3352559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts increasingly drive ecological and evolutionary processes at many spatio-temporal scales, demanding greater capacity to predict and manage their consequences. This is particularly true for agro-ecosystems, which not only comprise a significant proportion of land use, but which also involve conflicting imperatives to expand or intensify production while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. These imperatives reinforce the likelihood of further major changes in agriculture over the next 30–40 years. Key transformations include genetic technologies as well as changes in land use. The use of evolutionary principles is not new in agriculture (e.g. crop breeding, domestication of animals, management of selection for pest resistance), but given land-use trends and other transformative processes in production landscapes, ecological and evolutionary research in agro-ecosystems must consider such issues in a broader systems context. Here, we focus on biotic interactions involving pests and pathogens as exemplars of situations where integration of agronomic, ecological and evolutionary perspectives has practical value. Although their presence in agro-ecosystems may be new, many traits involved in these associations evolved in natural settings. We advocate the use of predictive frameworks based on evolutionary models as pre-emptive management tools and identify some specific research opportunities to facilitate this. We conclude with a brief discussion of multidisciplinary approaches in applied evolutionary problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Fitt
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Myron Zalucki
- The University of Queensland, School of Integrative Biology Qld, Australia
| | - Mikko Heino
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - R Ford Denison
- University of Minnesota, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior St. Paul, MN, USA
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45
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Thatoi H, Das S, Mishra J, Rath BP, Das N. Bacterial chromate reductase, a potential enzyme for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 146:383-399. [PMID: 25199606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is mobile, highly toxic and considered as a priority environmental pollutant. Chromate reductases, found in chromium resistant bacteria are known to catalyse the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and have recently received particular attention for their potential use in bioremediation process. Different chromate reductases such as ChrR, YieF, NemA and LpDH, have been identified from bacterial sources which are located either in soluble fractions (cytoplasm) or bound to the membrane of the bacterial cell. The reducing conditions under which these enzymes are functional can either be aerobic or anaerobic or sometimes both. Enzymatic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) involves transfer of electrons from electron donors like NAD(P)H to Cr(VI) and simultaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on the steps involved in electron transfer to Cr(VI) and the subsequent amount of ROS generated, two reaction mechanisms, namely, Class I "tight" and Class II "semi tight" have been proposed. The present review discusses on the types of chromate reductases found in different bacteria, their mode of action and potential applications in bioremediation of hexavalent chromium both under free and immobilize conditions. Besides, techniques used in characterization of the Cr (VI) reduced products were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Techno-Campus, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
| | - Sasmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Techno-Campus, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Jigni Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Techno-Campus, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Bhagwat Prasad Rath
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Techno-Campus, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Nigamananda Das
- Department of Chemistry, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
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Alvarenga N, Birolli WG, Seleghim MHR, Porto ALM. Biodegradation of methyl parathion by whole cells of marine-derived fungi Aspergillus sydowii and Penicillium decaturense. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:47-52. [PMID: 24955826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven marine fungi strains (Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934, A. sydowii CBMAI 935, A. sydowii CBMAI 1241, Penicillium decaturense CBMAI 1234, Penicillium raistrickii CBMAI 931, P. raistrickii CBMAI 1235, and Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932) were screened by their growth in the presence of methyl parathion (MP) in a solid culture medium. The strains with best growth were A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and P. decaturense CBMAI 1234. Biodegradation reactions were performed in 10, 20 and 30d in a malt extract liquid medium containing commercial MP and whole cells of A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and P. decaturense CBMAI 1234. In 20d, A. sydowii CBMAI 935 was able to degrade all pesticide, whereas P. decaturense CBMAI 1234 promoted a complete degradation in 30d. A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and P. decaturense CBMAI 1234 could degrade the product of the MP enzymatic hydrolysis, p-nitrophenol, on average of 51 and 40% respectively. Both strains used MP as a sole source of carbon and provided satisfactory results. Metabolites detected in the medium showed that the presumable reaction pathway occurred through the activation of MP to its more toxic form, methyl paraoxon, which was further degraded to p-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Alvarenga
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian G Birolli
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Microbiologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Comparative investigation of the reaction mechanisms of the organophosphate-degrading phosphotriesterases from Agrobacterium radiobacter (OpdA) and Pseudomonas diminuta (OPH). J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1263-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Method for the stabilization and immobilization of enzymatic extracts and its application to the decolorization of textile dyes. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1999-2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Angelini VA, Agostini E, Medina MI, González PS. Use of hairy roots extracts for 2,4-DCP removal and toxicity evaluation by Lactuca sativa test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2531-9. [PMID: 24085515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is widely distributed in wastewaters discharged from several industries, and it is considered as a priority pollutant due to its high toxicity. In this study, the use of different peroxidase extracts for 2,4-DCP removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. Tobacco hairy roots (HRs), wild-type (WT), and double-transgenic (DT) for tomato basic peroxidases (TPX1 and TPX2) were used to obtain different peroxidase extracts: total peroxidases (TPx), soluble peroxidases (SPx), and peroxidases ionically bound to the cell wall (IBPx). All extracts derived from DT HRs exhibited higher peroxidase activity than those obtained from WT HRs. TPx and IBPx DT extracts showed the highest catalytic efficiency values. The optimal conditions for 2,4-DCP oxidation were pH 6.5, H2O2 0.5 mM, and 200 U mL(-1) of enzyme, for all extracts analyzed. Although both TPx extracts were able to oxidize different 2,4-DCP concentrations, the removal efficiency was higher for TPx DT. Polyethylene glycol addition slightly improved 2,4-DCP removal efficiency, and it showed some protective effect on TPx WT after 2,4-DCP oxidation. In addition, using Lactuca sativa test, a reduction of the toxicity of post removal solutions was observed, for both TPx extracts. The results demonstrate that TPx extracts from both tobacco HRs appear to be promising candidate for future applications in removing 2,4-DCP from wastewaters. This is particularly true considering that these peroxidase sources are associated with low costs and are readily available. However, TPx DT has increased peroxidase activity, catalytic efficiency, and higher removal efficiency than TPx WT, probably due to the expression of TPX1 and TPX2 isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Angelini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,
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