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Paek K, Woo S, Song SJ, Kim MK, Yi K, Chung S, Kim JA. A well plate-based GelMA photo-crosslinking system with tunable hydrogel mechanical properties to regulate the PTH-mediated osteogenic fate. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025022. [PMID: 38373340 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2a7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Versatile and efficient regulation of the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix is crucial not only for understanding the dynamic changes in biological systems, but also for obtaining precise and effective cellular responses in drug testing. In this study, we developed a well plate-based hydrogel photo-crosslinking system to effectively control the mechanical properties of hydrogels and perform high-throughput assays. We improved cell biocompatibility by using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with a visible light photo-crosslinking method. Multiple cell-laden GelMA hydrogels were simultaneously and uniformly created using multi-arrayed 520 nm light-emitting diodes in a well plate format. The elastic modulus of the hydrogels can be widely adjusted (0.5-30 kPa) using a photo-crosslinking system capable of independently controlling the light intensity or exposure time for multiple samples. We demonstrate the feasibility of our system by observing enhanced bone differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on stiffer hydrogels. Additionally, we observed that the osteogenic fate of hMSCs, affected by the different mechanical properties of the gel, was regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH). Notably, in response to PTH, hMSCs in a high-stiffness microenvironment upregulate osteogenic differentiation while exhibiting increased proliferation in a low-stiffness microenvironment. Overall, the developed system enables the generation of multiple cell-laden three-dimensional cell culture models with diverse mechanical properties and holds significant potential for expansion into drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyurim Paek
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Woo
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Song
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyeong Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Keewook Yi
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- Program in Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Lobov GI, Kosareva ME. Comparative Characterization of Capsule Mechanical Properties in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Young and Aging Bulls. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wang M, Su W, Jiang CY, Li WP, Chen H, Li HW. Association Between Pulse Pressure With All-Cause and Cardiac Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Observational Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:930755. [PMID: 35911514 PMCID: PMC9325995 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.930755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPulse pressure (PP) is a surrogate of aortic stiffness, and reflects cardiac performance and stroke volume. Previous studies have indicated that PP was a robust predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. However, results have been mixed, and very few studies have focused on the association of PP with mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between admission PP and the prognosis of patients with ACS.MethodsThis cohort study included 10,824 patients diagnosed with ACS from the Cardiovascular Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Database Bank (CBDBANK) from January 2013 to October 2018. Patients with cardiogenic shock, malignancy, severe trauma and, no PP at admission were excluded. Restricted cubic spline and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the association between PP and 1-year all-cause and cardiac mortality.ResultsIn the whole cohort, a total of 237 (2.19%) all-cause deaths were reported at 1-year follow-up. Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a J-shaped relationship between PP and mortality. Among patients with ACS, both lower and higher PP levels were related to an increased risk of mortality (Pnon–linear < 0.001); with a PP level of 30 or 80 mmHg, as compared with 50 mmHg, the adjusted hazard ratios for 1-year all-cause mortality were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.27–3.22) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.13–2.33), respectively, after adjustments for potential confounders. Similar results were observed for cardiac deaths. The J-shaped relationship between PP and mortality remained in a series of subgroup analyses.ConclusionOur results suggested that both low and high PP were associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Wei Li,
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Effectiveness of yoga on arterial stiffness: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102484. [PMID: 32951734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness is a major cardiovascular (CV) risk and an independent strong predictor of CV morbidity and mortality. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical or interventional studies that assessed the effectiveness of yoga on arterial stiffness in participants of any age or sex, healthy or with any conditions. DESIGN Systematic review of clinical trials or interventional studies. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. REVIEW METHODS Databases were searched till July 2019 for clinical trials or interventional studies whether controlled or uncontrolled, randomized or non-randomized studies assessing the effects of yoga on arterial stiffness. Quality of the studies was assessed by using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. RESULTS Seven full-text articles (total number of participants = 362) that evaluated the effect of yoga on arterial stiffness were included in this review. There were three randomized controlled studies and four were non-controlled studies (single group studies). Four studies have shown significant reduction in arterial stiffness, while three studies did not find any significant change in arterial stiffness. The beneficial effects of yoga intervention on arterial stiffness in young adults and elderly hypertensive patients are encouraging. Methodological quality was good for one study, moderate for two studies and poor for four studies. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that yoga practice is effective in preventing or reducing the arterial stiffness in young healthy and obese, and elderly hypertensive patients. As the methodology of many studies is of low quality and safety measures were not reported, there is a need of quality randomized controlled trials of yoga effects on arterial stiffness among high risk individuals.
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Gordon E, Schimmel L, Frye M. The Importance of Mechanical Forces for in vitro Endothelial Cell Biology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:684. [PMID: 32625119 PMCID: PMC7314997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic vessels are lined by endothelial cells which constantly interact with their luminal and abluminal extracellular environments. These interactions confer physical forces on the endothelium, such as shear stress, stretch and stiffness, to mediate biological responses. These physical forces are often altered during disease, driving abnormal endothelial cell behavior and pathology. Therefore, it is critical that we understand the mechanisms by which endothelial cells respond to physical forces. Traditionally, endothelial cells in culture are grown in the absence of flow on stiff substrates such as plastic or glass. These cells are not subjected to the physical forces that endothelial cells endure in vivo, thus the results of these experiments often do not mimic those observed in the body. The field of vascular biology now realize that an intricate analysis of endothelial signaling mechanisms requires complex in vitro systems to mimic in vivo conditions. Here, we will review what is known about the mechanical forces that guide endothelial cell behavior and then discuss the advancements in endothelial cell culture models designed to better mimic the in vivo vascular microenvironment. A wider application of these technologies will provide more biologically relevant information from cultured cells which will be reproducible to conditions found in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gordon
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Schimmel L, van der Stoel M, Rianna C, van Stalborch AM, de Ligt A, Hoogenboezem M, Tol S, van Rijssel J, Szulcek R, Bogaard HJ, Hofmann P, Boon R, Radmacher M, de Waard V, Huveneers S, van Buul JD. Stiffness-Induced Endothelial DLC-1 Expression Forces Leukocyte Spreading through Stabilization of the ICAM-1 Adhesome. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3115-3124. [PMID: 30231995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes follow the well-defined steps of rolling, spreading, and crawling prior to diapedesis through endothelial cells (ECs). We found increased expression of DLC-1 in stiffness-associated diseases like atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Depletion of DLC-1 in ECs cultured on stiff substrates drastically reduced cell stiffness and mimicked leukocyte transmigration kinetics observed for ECs cultured on soft substrates. Mechanistic studies revealed that DLC-1-depleted ECs or ECs cultured on soft substrates failed to recruit the actin-adaptor proteins filamin B, α-actinin-4, and cortactin to clustered ICAM-1, thereby preventing the ICAM-1 adhesome formation and impairing leukocyte spreading. This was rescued by overexpressing DLC-1, resulting in ICAM-1 adhesome stabilization and leukocyte spreading. Our results reveal an essential role for substrate stiffness-regulated endothelial DLC-1, independent of its GAP domain, in locally stabilizing the ICAM-1 adhesome to promote leukocyte spreading, essential for efficient leukocyte transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Schimmel
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miesje van der Stoel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmela Rianna
- Biophysics Institute, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne-Marieke van Stalborch
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aafke de Ligt
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Departmental Central Facility, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Tol
- Departmental Central Facility, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos van Rijssel
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Boon
- Department of Physiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Prasad K, Mishra M. Do Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Receptor Play a Role in Pathophysiology of Hypertension? Int J Angiol 2017; 26:1-11. [PMID: 28255209 PMCID: PMC5330762 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between arterial stiffness and blood pressure. The studies suggest that the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its cell receptor (RAGE) are involved in the arterial stiffness in two ways: changes in arterial structure and vascular function. Plasma levels of AGEs and expression of RAGE are elevated, while the levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) are lowered in patients with hypertension (HTN). There is a positive correlation between plasma levels of AGEs and arterial stiffness, and an inverse association between arterial stiffness/HTN, and serum levels of sRAGE and esRAGE. Various measures can reduce the levels of AGEs and expression of RAGE, and elevate sRAGE. Arterial stiffness and blood pressure could be reduced by lowering the serum levels of AGEs, and increasing the levels of sRAGE. Levels of AGEs can be lowered by reducing the consumption of AGE-rich diet, short duration of cooking in moist heat at low temperature, and cessation of cigarette smoking. Drugs such as aminoguanidine, vitamins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor blockers, statins, and metformin inhibit AGE formation. Alagebrium, an AGE breakers reduces levels of AGEs. Clinical trials with some drugs tend to reduce stiffness. Systemic administration of sRAGE has beneficial effect in animal studies. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE axis is involved in arterial stiffness and HTN. The studies suggest that inhibition of AGEs formation, reduction of AGE consumption, blockade of AGE-RAGE interaction, suppression of RAGE expression, and exogenous administration of sRAGE may be novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of arterial stiffness and HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Manish Mishra
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Quail MA, Short R, Pandya B, Steeden JA, Khushnood A, Taylor AM, Segers P, Muthurangu V. Abnormal Wave Reflections and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Late After Coarctation of the Aorta Repair. Hypertension 2017; 69:501-509. [PMID: 28115510 PMCID: PMC5295491 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta are thought to have increased afterload due to abnormalities in vessel structure and function. We have developed a novel cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol that allows assessment of central hemodynamics, including central aortic systolic blood pressure, resistance, total arterial compliance, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflections. The main study aims were to (1) characterize group differences in central aortic systolic blood pressure and peripheral systolic blood pressure, (2) comprehensively evaluate afterload (including wave reflections) in the 2 groups, and (3) identify possible biomarkers among covariates associated with elevated left ventricular mass (LVM). Fifty adult patients with repaired coarctation and 25 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Ascending aorta area and flow waveforms were obtained using a high temporal-resolution spiral phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow sequence. These data were used to derive central hemodynamics and to perform wave intensity analysis noninvasively. Covariates associated with LVM were assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis. There were no significant group differences (P≥0.1) in brachial systolic, mean, or diastolic BP. However central aortic systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (113 versus 107 mm Hg, P=0.002). Patients had reduced total arterial compliance, increased pulse wave velocity, and larger backward compression waves compared with controls. LVM index was significantly higher in patients than controls (72 versus 59 g/m2, P<0.0005). The magnitude of the backward compression waves was independently associated with variation in LVM (P=0.01). Using a novel, noninvasive hemodynamic assessment, we have shown abnormal conduit vessel function after coarctation of the aorta repair, including abnormal wave reflections that are associated with elevated LVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Quail
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Rebekah Short
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Bejal Pandya
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Jennifer A Steeden
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Abbas Khushnood
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Andrew M Taylor
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Segers
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.)
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- From the Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (M.A.Q., R.S., B.P., J.A.S., A.K., A.M.T., V.M.); Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (B.P.); and IBiTech-bioMMeda, iMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (P.S.).
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Forcada P, Melgarejo E, Echeverri D. Cuantificación de la rigidez arterial: de lo básico a lo clínico. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:621437. [PMID: 25170513 PMCID: PMC4142148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The world population is aging and the number of old people is continuously increasing. Arterial structure and function change with age, progressively leading to arterial stiffening. Arterial stiffness is best characterized by measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is its surrogate marker. It has been shown that PWV could improve cardiovascular event prediction in models that included standard risk factors. Consequently, it might therefore enable better identification of populations at high-risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The present review is focused on a survey of different pharmacological therapeutic options for decreasing arterial stiffness. The influence of several groups of drugs is described: antihypertensive drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, and nitrates), statins, peroral antidiabetics, advanced glycation end-products (AGE) cross-link breakers, anti-inflammatory drugs, endothelin-A receptor antagonists, and vasopeptidase inhibitors. All of these have shown some effect in decreasing arterial stiffness. Nevertheless, further studies are needed which should address the influence of arterial stiffness diminishment on major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).
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Huynh J, Nishimura N, Rana K, Peloquin JM, Califano JP, Montague CR, King MR, Schaffer CB, Reinhart-King CA. Age-related intimal stiffening enhances endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:112ra122. [PMID: 22158860 PMCID: PMC3693751 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age is the most significant risk factor for atherosclerosis; however, the link between age and atherosclerosis is poorly understood. During both aging and atherosclerosis progression, the blood vessel wall stiffens owing to alterations in the extracellular matrix. Using in vitro and ex vivo models of vessel wall stiffness and aging, we show that stiffening of extracellular matrix within the intima promotes endothelial cell permeability--a hallmark of atherogenesis. When cultured on hydrogels fabricated to match the elasticity of young and aging intima, endothelial monolayers exhibit increased permeability and disrupted cell-cell junctions on stiffer matrices. In parallel experiments, we showed a corresponding increase in cell-cell junction width with age in ex vivo aortas from young (10 weeks) and old (21 to 25 months) healthy mice. To investigate the mechanism by which matrix stiffening alters monolayer integrity, we found that cell contractility increases with increased matrix stiffness, mechanically destabilizing cell-cell junctions. This increase in endothelial permeability results in increased leukocyte extravasation, which is a critical step in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Mild inhibition of Rho-dependent cell contractility using Y-27632, an inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase, or small interfering RNA restored monolayer integrity in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that extracellular matrix stiffening alone, which occurs during aging, can lead to endothelial monolayer disruption and atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Because previous therapeutics designed to decrease vascular stiffness have been met with limited success, our findings could be the basis for the design of therapeutics that target the Rho-dependent cellular contractile response to matrix stiffening, rather than stiffness itself, to more effectively prevent atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kuldeepsinh Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John M. Peloquin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph P. Califano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Arterial stiffness, pulse pressure, and cardiovascular disease—Is it possible to break the vicious circle? Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:263-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Milan A, Tosello F, Fabbri A, Vairo A, Leone D, Chiarlo M, Covella M, Veglio F. Arterial stiffness: from physiology to clinical implications. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2011; 18:1-12. [PMID: 21612307 DOI: 10.2165/11588020-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current European guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension introduce the assessment of arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) as an index of hypertension-related cardiovascular target organ damage. An increase in arterial stiffness is related to haemodynamic modifications at the level of the aorta, leading to a rise in cardiac afterload, a reduction in coronary perfusion and an overstretch of the aortic walls. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the accuracy of PWV as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in patients with different co-morbidities and cardiovascular risk. Many strategies have demonstrated their efficacy in preventing arterial stiffening; therapy of arterial hypertension is the mainstay in the management of patients with increased PWV and altered pulse wave reflection. Literature has clearly shown the specific efficacy of drugs interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and calcium-channel blockers in the control of central haemodynamics, particularly when compared with β-blockers (β-adrenoceptor antagonists). The same action has not yet been demonstrated on PWV. Further studies are needed to assess the real relative efficacy of different drug classes on the management of arterial stiffness and the clinical and prognostic relevance of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Milan
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, Internal Medicine, Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Cruickshank JK, Rezailashkajani M, Goudot G. Arterial Stiffness, Fatness, and Physical Fitness. Hypertension 2009; 53:602-4. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kennedy Cruickshank
- From the Cardiovascular Sciences (J.K.C., M.R.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and U 684 INSERM-UHP (G.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Nancy Universite, France
| | - Mohammadreza Rezailashkajani
- From the Cardiovascular Sciences (J.K.C., M.R.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and U 684 INSERM-UHP (G.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Nancy Universite, France
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- From the Cardiovascular Sciences (J.K.C., M.R.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and U 684 INSERM-UHP (G.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Nancy Universite, France
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Hongo M, Tsutsui H, Mawatari E, Hidaka H, Kumazaki S, Yazaki Y, Takahashi M, Kinoshita O, Ikeda U. Fluvastatin improves arterial stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia: a 5-year follow-up study. Circ J 2008; 72:722-8. [PMID: 18441450 DOI: 10.1253/circj.72.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that fluvastatin might improve arterial stiffness, as assessed with pulse wave velocity (PWV), in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hyperlipidemia over the long term. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-three patients were randomly assigned to either fluvastatin (group A, n=50) or bezafibrate (group B, n=43) and followed for 5 years. There was no difference in the clinical findings between the 2 groups. In group A, there was a progressive reduction in the brachial-ankle PWV along with a decrease in serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP) by 12 months after fluvastatin, and the improvement was maintained until 5 years after treatment. In group B, despite identical lowering of the serum lipid, PWV was progressively increased. In group A, the percentage change in PWV correlated significantly with that of the serum CRP (r=0.49, p<0.001), but not with that of the serum LDL-C after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial vascular effects of fluvastatin persisted for a long period in patients with CAD and hyperlipidemia. Its anti-inflammatory action might contribute to the favorable effects on arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Hongo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto, Japan.
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Jyotsna M, Mahesh A, Aditya M, Mohan PR, Naidu MUR. Comparison of Invasive vs Noninvasive Pulse Wave Indices in Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease: Can We Use Noninvasive Pulse Wave Indices as Screening Test. Clin Med Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Mahesh
- Department of Cardiology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pathapati Ram Mohan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nizam's institute of medical sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Vascular compliance and arterial calcification: impact on blood pressure reduction. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2008; 17:93-8. [PMID: 18090677 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3282f331d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to review the relationship between vascular calcification and difficult to control hypertension. This does not address antihypertensive treatment of drug resistant hypertension per se. RECENT FINDINGS Vascular calcification occurs in a variety of common hypertension scenarios. Basic mechanisms of how and why vessels calcify are reviewed including new genetic insights. The potential for contributing to or improving calcification through drug therapies for nonhypertensive disorders is reviewed. SUMMARY Vascular calcification is common and easily recognized. Studies that target its clinical consequences (arterial stiffness) as primary treatment goals are needed.
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Cameron JD, Cruickshank JK. Glucose, insulin, diabetes and mechanisms of arterial dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:677-82. [PMID: 17581229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
1. This commentary reviews and discusses the association between increased arterial stiffness and indices of glucose and insulin metabolism and diabetes mellitus (DM). 2. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular events, is an established major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is included in current risk assessment algorithms. Based on Framingham risk assessment, the incremental risk due to DM, at a given level of baseline risk in non-diabetics, is approximately equivalent to 10 years and, at any given level of other major risk factors, DM increases risk three- to fourfold. 3. Increased aortic stiffness has been shown to be an independent risk factor for both cardiovascular and overall mortality in high-risk groups and recently in the general population. Both DM1 and DM2 are associated with accelerated stiffening of the elastic arteries, over and above that associated with normal ageing, and DM can be considered as imparting added biological age and, thus, added cardiovascular risk. 4. Aortic stiffness provides a plausible mechanism relating diabetes to increase cardiovascular disease. 5. A proportion of the increased risk of cardiovascular events in DM is a sequel of stiff arteries. Direct measures of arterial stiffness, such as aortic pulse wave velocity, are likely to be better candidates than pulse wave analysis for refining interventions to improve outcomes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Cameron
- Department of Vascular Sciences and Medicine, Southern Health, and Biomedical Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry P McGrath
- Monash University, Centre for Vascular Health and Department of Vascular Sciences Dandenong Hospital Southern Health Victoria, Australia
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