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Guedes MR, de Noronha SISR, Chírico MTT, da Costa GDC, de Freitas Castro T, de Brito RCF, Vieira LG, Reis TO, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Carneiro CM, Bezerra FS, Montano N, da Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Chianca-Jr DA, Silva FCDS. Ivabradine restores tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and reduces tachycardia, hypertension and left ventricular inflammation in post-weaning protein malnourished rats. Life Sci 2024; 346:122636. [PMID: 38614307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in autonomic imbalance and heart hypertrophy. Overexpression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in the left ventricles (LV) is linked to hypertrophied hearts and abnormal myocardium automaticity. Given that ivabradine (IVA) has emerging pleiotropic effects, in addition to the widely known bradycardic response, this study evaluated if IVA treatment could repair the autonomic control and cardiac damages in malnourished rats. AIM Assess the impact of IVA on tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and its relationship with hemodynamics regulation, LV inflammation, and HCN gene expression in post-weaning protein malnutrition condition. MAIN METHODS After weaning, male rats were divided into control (CG; 22 % protein) and malnourished (MG; 6 % protein) groups. At 35 days, groups were subdivided into CG-PBS, CG-IVA, MG-PBS and MG-IVA (PBS 1 ml/kg or IVA 1 mg/kg) received during 8 days. We performed jugular vein cannulation and electrode implant for drug delivery and ECG registration to assess tonic cardiovascular autonomic control; femoral cannulation for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) assessment; and LV collection to evaluate ventricular remodeling and HCN gene expression investigation. KEY FINDINGS Malnutrition induced BP and HR increases, sympathetic system dominance, and LV remodeling without affecting HCN gene expression. IVA reversed the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance; prevented hypertension and tachycardia; and inhibited the LV inflammatory process and fiber thickening caused by malnutrition. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ivabradine protects against malnutrition-mediated cardiovascular damage. Moreover, our results propose these effects were not attributed to HCN expression changes, but rather to IVA pleiotropic effects on autonomic control and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Guedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana Izaura Salyba Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dias Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Carlos Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cacilda Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Gomes FAR, Noronha SISR, Silva SCA, Machado-Júnior PA, Ostolin TLVDP, Chírico MTT, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Cangussú SD, Montano N, Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Silva FCS, Chianca DA. Ivabradine treatment lowers blood pressure and promotes cardiac and renal protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120919. [PMID: 36049530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is linked to hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) function, expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells. Considering that the reduction in heart rate (HR) improves coronary perfusion and cardiac performance, ivabradine (IVA) emerged as an important drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. AIM Evaluate if IVA chronic treatment effect can mitigate hypertension and reverse the cardiac and renal damage in SHR. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups treated for 14 days with PBS (1 ml/kg; i.p) or IVA (1 mg/kg; i.p): 1) WKY PBS; 2) SHR PBS; 3) WKY IVA; and 4) SHR IVA. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured, indirectly, before and during the treatment period with IVA (day 0, 1, 7 and 11). Rats were subjected to artery cannulation for direct blood pressure (BP) measurement. Morphofunctional and gene expression were evaluated in the heart and kidneys. KEY FINDINGS IVA reduced SBP only in SHR on the 7th day. Direct blood pressure measurement showed that IVA chronic treatment reduced HR in the SHR. Interestingly, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in SHR IVA when compared to SHR PBS. Serum and urinary biochemical data were not altered by IVA. Moreover, IVA reduced the renal inflammatory infiltrates and increased glomerular density, besides preventing the cardiac inflammatory and hypertrophic responses. SIGNIFICANCE IVA treatment lowered blood pressure, improved cardiac remodeling and inflammation, as well as decreasing renal damage in SHR. Further, IVA increased renal HCN2 mRNA and reduced cardiac HCN4 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana A R Gomes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana I S R Noronha
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C A Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Pedro A Machado-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thais Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunophatology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunophatology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Silvia D Cangussú
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo J D Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo C A de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda C S Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Ferreira ARO, Ribeiro MVG, Peres MNC, Piovan S, Gonçalves GD, Saavedra LPJ, Martins JNDL, Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Lopes GKG, Carneiro M, Almeida DL, Gomes RM, Comar JF, Armitage JA, Mathias PCDF, Palma-Rigo K. Protein Restriction in the Peri-Pubertal Period Induces Autonomic Dysfunction and Cardiac and Vascular Structural Changes in Adult Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840179. [PMID: 35574445 PMCID: PMC9095958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations to nutrition during critical periods are associated with changes in embryonic, fetal or postnatal developmental patterns that may render the offspring more likely to develop cardiovascular disease in later life. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether autonomic nervous system imbalance underpins in the long-term hypertension induced by dietary protein restriction during peri-pubertal period. Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups fed with a low protein (4% protein, LP) or control diet (20.5% protein; NP) during peri-puberty, from post-natal day (PN) 30 until PN60, and then all were returned to a normal protein diet until evaluation of cardiovascular and autonomic function at PN120. LP rats showed long-term increased mean arterial pressure (p = 0.002) and sympathetic arousal; increased power of the low frequency (LF) band of the arterial pressure spectral (p = 0.080) compared with NP animals. The depressor response to the ganglion blocker hexamethonium was increased in LP compared with control animals (p = 0.006). Pulse interval variability showed an increase in the LF band and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.062 and p = 0.048) in LP animals. The cardiac response to atenolol and/or methylatropine and the baroreflex sensitivity were similar between groups. LP animals showed ventricular hypertrophy (p = 0.044) and increased interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.028) compared with controls. Reduced protein carbonyls (PC) (p = 0.030) and catalase activity (p = 0.001) were observed in hearts from LP animals compared with control. In the brainstem, the levels of PC (p = 0.002) and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (p = 0.044 and p = 0.012) were reduced in LP animals, while the levels of GSH and total glutathione were higher (p = 0.039 and p = 0.038) compared with NP animals. Protein restriction during peri-pubertal period leads to hypertension later in life accompanied by sustained sympathetic arousal, which may be associated with a disorganization of brain and cardiac redox state and structural cardiac alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maria Natalia Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dutra Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nunes de Lima Martins
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and Radioisotopes, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Divino Ferreira Junior
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Keilah Valeria Naves Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gabriel kian Guimarães Lopes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Mariane Carneiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and Radioisotopes, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Adventist College of Parana, Ivatuba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kesia Palma-Rigo,
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Boldt K, Joumaa V, Turnbull J, Fedak PW, Herzog W. A high-whey-protein diet does not enhance mechanical and structural remodeling of cardiac muscle in response to aerobic exercise in rats. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:28-38. [PMID: 35510443 PMCID: PMC9081358 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aerobic exercise training results in distinct structural and mechanical myocardial adaptations. In skeletal muscle, whey protein supplementation is effective in enhancing muscle adaptation following resistance exercise. However, it is unclear whether cardiac adaptation to aerobic exercise can be enhanced by systematic protein supplementation. METHODS Twelve-week-old rats were assigned to 12 weeks of either sedentary or aerobic exercise with either a standard (Sed+Standard, Ex+Standard) or high-protein (Sed+Pro, Ex+Pro) diet. Echocardiography was used to measure cardiac structural remodeling and performance. Skinned cardiac fiber bundles were used to determine the active and passive stress properties, maximum shortening velocity, and calcium sensitivity. RESULTS Aerobic training was characterized structurally by increases in ventricle volume (Ex+Standard, 19%; Ex+Pro, 29%) and myocardial thickness (Ex+Standard, 26%; Ex+- Pro, 12%) compared to that of baseline. Skinned trabecula r fiber bundles also had a greater unloaded shortening velocity (Sed+Standard, 1.04±0.05; Sed+Pro, 1.07±0.03; Ex- +Standard, 1.16±0.04; Ex+Pro, 1.18±0.05 FL/s) and calcium sensitivity (pCa50: Sed+Standard, 6.04±0.17; Sed+Pro, 6.08±0.19; Ex+Standard, 6.30±0.09; Ex+Pro, 6.36±0.12) in trained hearts compared to that of hearts from sedentary animals. However, the addition of a high-protein diet did not provide additional benefits to either the structural or mechanical adaptations of the myocardium. CONCLUSION Therefore, it seems that a high-whey-protein diet does not significantly enhance adaptations of the heart to aerobic exercise in comparison to that of a standard diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Boldt
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jeannine Turnbull
- Health Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Paul W.M. Fedak
- Health Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Cabral EV, Vieira LD, Sant'Helena BRM, Ribeiro VS, Farias JS, Aires RS, Paz ST, Muzi‐Filho H, Paixão AD, Vieyra A. Alpha‐Tocopherol during lactation and after weaning alters the programming effect of prenatal high salt intake on cardiac and renal functions of adult male offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1151-1165. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edjair V. Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leucio D. Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Valdilene S. Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Juliane S. Farias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Regina S. Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Silvania T. Paz
- Department of Pathology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Humberto Muzi‐Filho
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana D. Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine/REGENERA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine/BIOTRANS Grande Rio University Duque de Caxias Brazil
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Sá RWM, Haibara AS, Gomes PM, Aguiar GL, Nascimento RSL, Pedrosa ML, Alzamora AC, de Oliveira LB, Cardoso LM. Changes in cardiovascular responses to chemoreflex activation of rats recovered from protein restriction are not related to AT 1 receptors. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:34-47. [PMID: 27763697 DOI: 10.1113/ep085791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? In this study, we sought to investigate whether cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation of rats recovered from protein restriction are related to activation of AT1 receptors. What is the main finding and its importance? This study highlights the fact that angiotensinergic mechanisms activated by AT1 receptors do not support increased responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation by KCN in rats recovered from protein restriction. Also, we found that protein restriction led to increased resting ventilation in adult rats, even after recovery. The effects of a low-protein diet followed by recovery on cardiorespiratory responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation were tested before and after systemic angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 ) receptor antagonism. Male Fischer rats were divided into control and recovered (R-PR) groups after weaning. The R-PR rats were fed a low-protein (8%) diet for 35 days and recovered with a normal protein (20%) diet for 70 days. Control rats received a normal protein diet for 105 days (CG105 ). After cannulation surgery, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory frequency, tidal volume and minute ventilation were acquired using a digital recording system in freely moving rats. The role of angintensin II was evaluated by systemic antagonism of AT1 receptors with losartan (20 mg kg-1 i.v.). The peripheral chemoreflex was elicited by increasing doses of KCN (20-160 μg kg min-1 , i.v.). At baseline, R-PR rats presented increased heart rate and minute ventilation (372 ± 34 beats min-1 and 1.274 ± 377 ml kg-1 min-1 ) compared with CG105 animals (332 ± 22 beats min-1 and 856 ± 112 ml kg-1 min-1 ). Mean arterial pressure was not different between the groups. Pressor and bradycardic responses evoked by KCN (60 μg kg-1 ) were increased in R-PR (+45 ± 13 mmHg and -77 ± 47 beats min-1 ) compared with CG105 rats (+25 ± 17 mmHg and -27 ± 28 beats min-1 ), but no difference was found in the tachypnoeic response. These differences were preserved after losartan. The data suggest that angiotensin II acting on AT1 receptors may not be associated with the increased heart rate, increased minute ventilation and acute cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation in rats that underwent postweaning protein restriction followed by recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Willian Martins Sá
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Siqueira Haibara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31, 270-910, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Magalhães Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovana Lopes Aguiar
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Souza Leopoldino Nascimento
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Pedrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Brandino de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Máximo Cardoso
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, 35, 400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Impact of malnutrition on cardiac autonomic modulation in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:638-644. [PMID: 27234037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the autonomic behavior between malnourished children and a control group using analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). METHOD Data were analyzed from 70 children who were divided into two groups: malnourished and eutrophic, according to the Z-score nutritional status for height and age. For analysis of HRV indices, heart rate was recorded beat to beat with the child in the supine position for 20min. The analysis of these indices was performed using linear methods, analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Student's t-test for unpaired data and the Mann-Whitney test were used to compare variables between groups, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS A reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate were found in malnourished children compared to eutrophic children. The HRV indices suggested that malnourished children present reductions in both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity. The SDNN, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50, SD1, SD2, TINN, LF (ms2), and HF (ms2) indices were lower in malnourished children. CONCLUSION Malnourished children present changes in cardiac autonomic modulation, characterized by reductions in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, as well as increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
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Impact of malnutrition on cardiac autonomic modulation in children. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Silva FC, Paiva FA, Müller-Ribeiro FC, Caldeira HMA, Fontes MAP, de Menezes RCA, Casali KR, Fortes GH, Tobaldini E, Solbiati M, Montano N, Dias Da Silva VJ, Chianca DA. Chronic Treatment with Ivabradine Does Not Affect Cardiovascular Autonomic Control in Rats. Front Physiol 2016; 7:305. [PMID: 27507948 PMCID: PMC4960883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A low resting heart rate (HR) would be of great benefit in cardiovascular diseases. Ivabradine—a novel selective inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels- has emerged as a promising HR lowering drug. Its effects on the autonomic HR control are little known. This study assessed the effects of chronic treatment with ivabradine on the modulatory, reflex and tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and on the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). Male Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups, receiving intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (VEH) or ivabradine (IVA) during 7 or 8 consecutive days. Rats were submitted to vessels cannulation to perform arterial blood pressure (AP) and HR recordings in freely moving rats. Time series of resting pulse interval and systolic AP were used to measure cardiovascular variability parameters. We also assessed the baroreflex, chemoreflex and the Bezold-Jarish reflex sensitivities. To better evaluate the effects of ivabradine on the autonomic control of the heart, we performed sympathetic and vagal autonomic blockade. As expected, ivabradine-treated rats showed a lower resting (VEH: 362 ± 16 bpm vs. IVA: 260 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.0005) and intrinsic HR (VEH: 369 ± 9 bpm vs. IVA: 326 ± 11 bpm, p = 0.0146). However, the chronic treatment with ivabradine did not change normalized HR spectral parameters LF (nu) (VEH: 24.2 ± 4.6 vs. IVA: 29.8 ± 6.4; p > 0.05); HF (nu) (VEH: 75.1 ± 3.7 vs. IVA: 69.2 ± 5.8; p > 0.05), any cardiovascular reflexes, neither the tonic autonomic control of the HR (tonic sympathovagal index; VEH: 0.91± 0.02 vs. IVA: 0.88 ± 0.03, p = 0.3494). We performed the AP, HR and RSNA recordings in urethane-anesthetized rats. The chronic treatment with ivabradine reduced the resting HR (VEH: 364 ± 12 bpm vs. IVA: 207 ± 11 bpm, p < 0.0001), without affecting RSNA (VEH: 117 ± 16 vs. IVA: 120 ± 9 spikes/s, p = 0.9100) and mean arterial pressure (VEH: 70 ± 4 vs. IVA: 77 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.3293). Our results suggest that, in health rats, the long-term treatment with ivabradine directly reduces the HR without changing the RSNA modulation and the reflex and tonic autonomic control of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
| | - Franciny A Paiva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia C Müller-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique M A Caldeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco A P Fontes
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C A de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina R Casali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Solbiati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Valdo J Dias Da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
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Silva FC, de Menezes RC, Chianca DA. The implication of protein malnutrition on cardiovascular control systems in rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:246. [PMID: 26388783 PMCID: PMC4557349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The malnutrition in early life is associated with metabolic changes and cardiovascular impairment in adulthood. Deficient protein intake-mediated hypertension has been observed in clinical and experimental studies. In rats, protein malnutrition also increases the blood pressure and enhances heart rate and sympathetic activity. In this review, we discuss the effects of post-weaning protein malnutrition on the resting mean arterial pressure and heart rate and their variabilities, cardiovascular reflexes sensitivity, cardiac autonomic balance, sympathetic and renin-angiotensin activities and neural plasticity during adult life. These insights reveal an interesting prospect on the autonomic modulation underlying the cardiovascular imbalance and provide relevant information on preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
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de Souza AA, de Menezes RC, Abreu AR, Araujo GR, Costa DC, Chianca DA. Increased α1-adrenoreceptor activity is required to sustain blood pressure in female rats under food restriction. Life Sci 2015; 128:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Maia AR, Batista TM, Victorio JA, Clerici SP, Delbin MA, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Taurine supplementation reduces blood pressure and prevents endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in post-weaning protein-restricted rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105851. [PMID: 25170895 PMCID: PMC4149434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that exerts protective effects on vascular function and structure in several models of cardiovascular diseases through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Early protein malnutrition reprograms the cardiovascular system and is linked to hypertension in adulthood. This study assessed the effects of taurine supplementation in vascular alterations induced by protein restriction in post-weaning rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed normal- (12%, NP) or low-protein (6%, LP) diets for 90 days. Half of the NP and LP rats concomitantly received 2.5% taurine supplementation in the drinking water (NPT and LPT, respectively). LP rats showed elevated systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure versus NP rats; taurine supplementation partially prevented this increase. There was a reduced relaxation response to acetylcholine in isolated thoracic aortic rings from the LP group that was reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or apocynin incubation. Protein expression of p47phox NADPH oxidase subunit was enhanced, whereas extracellular (EC)-SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at Ser 1177 (p-eNOS) were reduced in aortas from LP rats. Furthermore, ROS production was enhanced while acetylcholine-induced NO release was reduced in aortas from the LP group. Taurine supplementation improved the relaxation response to acetylcholine and eNOS-derived NO production, increased EC-SOD and p-eNOS protein expression, as well as reduced ROS generation and p47phox expression in the aortas from LPT rats. LP rats showed an increased aortic wall/lumen ratio and taurine prevented this remodeling through a reduction in wall media thickness. CONCLUSION Our data indicate a protective role of taurine supplementation on the high blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling induced by post-weaning protein restriction. The beneficial vascular effect of taurine was associated with restoration of vascular redox homeostasis and improvement of NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Maia
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefano P Clerici
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva FCS, Guidine PA, Ribeiro MF, Fernandes LG, Xavier CH, de Menezes RC, Silva ME, Moraes-Santos T, Moraes MF, Chianca DA. Malnutrition alters the cardiovascular responses induced by central injection of tityustoxin in Fischer rats. Toxicon 2013; 76:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Penitente AR, Novaes RD, Chianca DA, da Silva MF, Silva ME, Souza AMA, Guatimosim S, Almeida PWM, Alves MNM, Felix LB, Neves CA, Natali AJ. Protein restriction after weaning modifies the calcium kinetics and induces cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction in rats. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:311-7. [PMID: 24247000 DOI: 10.1159/000355943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction (PR) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on single ventricular cardiomyocyte contractile function of a short-term PR after weaning. Male Fischer rats that were 28 days old were randomly divided into a control group (CG, n = 16) and a protein-restricted group (PRG, n = 16). After weaning, CG and PRG animals received isocaloric diets containing 15 and 6% protein, respectively, for 35 days. Biometric parameters were then measured, and the hearts were removed for the analysis of contractile function and calcium transient in isolated cardiomyocytes of the left ventricule (LV), and the quantification of calcium and collagen fibers in LV myocardium. PRG animals had lower body weight (BW) and LV weight (LVW), an increased LVW to BW ratio and a higher proportion of collagen fibers than CG animals. PRG animals exhibited reduced tissue levels of calcium, reduced the length, width and volume of cardiomyocytes and their sarcomere length compared to CG animals. Cardiomyocytes from PRG animals had a lower amplitude of shortening, a slower time to the peak of shortening and a longer time to half-relaxation than those from the CG. Cardiomyocytes from PRG animals also presented a lower peak of calcium transient and a longer calcium transient decay time than CG animals. Taken together, the results indicate that short-term PR after weaning induces a marked structural remodeling of the myocardium parenchyma and stroma that coexists with contractile dysfunctions in single LV cardiomyocytes of rats, which is probably associated with pathological changes of the intracellular calcium kinetics, rather than inadequate available amounts of this mineral in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlete R Penitente
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Rodrigues-Barbosa MC, Carneiro CM, de Oliveira LB, Silva FCS, Xavier CH, Fernandes LG, Chianca-Jr DA. Protein malnutrition modifies medullary neuronal recruitment in response to intermittent stimulation of the baroreflex. Brain Res 2012; 1483:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gomide JMC, de Menezes RC, Fernandes LG, Silva FC, Cardoso LM, Miranda PH, da Silva Jr LG, Lima MP, Pesquero JL, Foureaux G, Ferreira AJ, Chianca-Jr DA. Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems is required for regulation of the blood pressure in rats fed a low-protein diet. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:57-66. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chauhan A, Sequeria A, Manderson C, Maddocks M, Wasley D, Wilcock A. Exploring autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with cancer cachexia: A pilot study. Auton Neurosci 2012; 166:93-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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