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Chen Z, Taubert M, Chen C, Boland J, Dong Q, Bilal M, Dokos C, Wachall B, Wargenau M, Scheidel B, Wiesen MHJ, Schaeffeler E, Tremmel R, Schwab M, Fuhr U. A Semi-Mechanistic Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Noscapine in Healthy Subjects Considering Hepatic First-Pass Extraction and CYP2C9 Genotypes. Drugs R D 2024:10.1007/s40268-024-00466-6. [PMID: 38809387 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noscapine is a commonly used cough suppressant, with ongoing research on its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. The drug has a pronounced pharmacokinetic variability. OBJECTIVE This evaluation aims to describe the pharmacokinetics of noscapine using a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model and to identify covariates that could explain inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. METHODS Forty-eight healthy volunteers (30 men and 18 women, mean age 33 years) were enrolled in a randomized, two-period, two-stage, crossover bioequivalence study of noscapine in two different liquid formulations. Noscapine plasma concentrations following oral administration of noscapine 50 mg were evaluated by a non-compartmental analysis and by a population pharmacokinetic model separately. RESULTS Compared to the reference formulation, the test formulation exhibited ratios (with 94.12% confidence intervals) of 0.784 (0.662-0.929) and 0.827 (0.762-0.925) for peak plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curve, respectively. Significant differences in p values (< 0.01) were both observed when comparing peak plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curve between CYP2C9 genotype-predicted phenotypes. A three-compartmental model with zero-order absorption and first-order elimination process best described the plasma data. The introduction of a liver compartment was able to describe the profound first-pass effect of noscapine. Total body weight and the CYP2C9 genotype-predicted phenotype were both identified as significant covariates on apparent clearance, which was estimated as 958 ± 548 L/h for extensive metabolizers (CYP2C9*1/*1 and *1/*9), 531 ± 304 L/h for intermediate metabolizers with an activity score of 1.5 (CYP2C9*1/*2), and 343 ± 197 L/h for poor metabolizers and intermediate metabolizers with an activity score of 1.0 (CYP2C9*1/*3, *2/*3, and*3/*3). CONCLUSION The current work is expected to facilitate the future pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic development of noscapine. This study was registered prior to starting at "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien" under registration no. DRKS00017760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Chen
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Max Taubert
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jana Boland
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qian Dong
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charalambos Dokos
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bertil Wachall
- InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Heppenheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin H J Wiesen
- Pharmacology at the Laboratory Diagnostics Centre, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Roman Tremmel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Aghaali Z, Naghavi MR. Engineering of CYP82Y1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase: a key enzyme in noscapine biosynthesis in opium poppy. Biochem J 2023; 480:2009-2022. [PMID: 38063234 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein engineering provides a powerful base for the circumvention of challenges tied with characteristics accountable for enzyme functions. CYP82Y1 introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into C1 of N-methylcanadine as the substrate to yield 1-hydroxy-N-methylcanadine. This chemical process has been found to be the gateway to noscapine biosynthesis. Owning to the importance of CYP82Y1 in this biosynthetic pathway, it has been selected as a target for enzyme engineering. The insertion of tags to the N- and C-terminal of CYP82Y1 was assessed for their efficiencies for improvement of the physiological performances of CYP82Y1. Although these attempts achieved some positive results, further strategies are required to dramatically enhance the CYP82Y1 activity. Here methods that have been adopted to achieve a functionally improved CYP82Y1 will be reviewed. In addition, the possibility of recruitment of other techniques having not yet been implemented in CYP82Y1 engineering, including the substitution of the residues located in the substrate recognition site, formation of the synthetic fusion proteins, and construction of the artificial lipid-based scaffold will be discussed. Given the fact that the pace of noscapine synthesis is constrained by the CYP82Y1-catalyzing step, the methods proposed here are capable of accelerating the rate of reaction performed by CYP82Y1 through improving its properties, resulting in the enhancement of noscapine accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghaali
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Sychev IV, Denisenko NP, Kachanova AA, Lapshtaeva AV, Goncharova LN, Mirzaev KB, Sychev DA. Pharmacogenetic predictors of development of secondary to enalapril dry cough in hypertensive patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:247-254. [PMID: 37201212 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Development of the secondary to ACEI cough leads to discontinuation of the drugs of this group. Assessing the safety of the ACEIs with further development of customized approaches for their administration is a major scientific and practical problem. The objective of this study was to assess the association of the genetic markers with the development of the adverse drug reaction in the form of secondary to enalapril dry cough in the patients with essential arterial hypertension. METHODS Study involved 113 patients with the secondary to enalapril cough and 104 patients without development of the secondary to enalapril adverse drug reaction. RESULTS The patients carriers of the genotype AA rs2306283 of gene SLCO1B1 had 2-fold higher odds of developing the dry cough than those with the genotypes AG and GG (ОR=2.01, 95%CI=1.10-3.66, р=0.023). Similarly, the patients heterozygous for rs8176746 of gene АВО had 2.3-fold higher odds of developing the ADR in the form of dry cough than the carriers of the genotypes GG and TT (ОR=2.30, 95%CI=1.24-4.29, р=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant association between the development of the ADR in the form of secondary to enalapril dry cough and polymorphisms rs2306283 of gene SLCO1B1 and rs8176746 of gene ABO was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Sychev
- Department of Faculty Therapy with Courses of Physiotherapy, Physical Therapy, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation
- 68, Bolshevitskaya Street, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, 430005, Russia
| | - Natalia P Denisenko
- Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after Academician B.E. Votchal, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Kachanova
- Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Lapshtaeva
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Virology with a course of clinical immunology and allergology, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila N Goncharova
- Department of Faculty Therapy with Courses of Physiotherapy, Physical Therapy, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation
| | - Karin B Mirzaev
- Research and Innovation, Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sychev
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy Department named after Academician B.E. Votchal, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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Bachelard H, Marceau F. Are noscapine and raloxifene ligands of the bradykinin B 2 receptor? An assessment based on the human umbilical vein contractility assay. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108984. [PMID: 35780642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The centrally acting antitussive opiate derivative, noscapine, has been claimed to be a non-competitive bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, was predicted to bind the bradykinin B2 receptor and to exert a partial agonist activity. These intriguing claims suggest that new molecular scaffolds ("chemotypes") may be identified for small molecule ligands of kinin receptors and that some off-target effects of noscapine or raloxifene may be mediated by bradykinin B2 receptors. An established contractile bioassay for ligands of the bradykinin B2 receptor, the isolated human umbilical vein, was exploited to characterize the inhibitory effect of noscapine and raloxifene on the B2 receptor-mediated contractile response to bradykinin. Observed effects were compared with those of the peptide antagonist icatibant, a potent, selective and competitive B2 receptor antagonist. Our results indicate that neither noscapine (2.5 µM) nor raloxifene (20 µM) behave as B2 receptor antagonists in concentrations that vastly exceeded an effective concentration of the control antagonist, icatibant; further, none of these drugs had direct contractile effects. It is suggested that the previously reported B2 receptor inhibitory effect of noscapine, a putative sigma-receptor agonist, might result from an indirect physiological antagonism, while raloxifene did not appear to have any significant affinity for the B2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bachelard
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - François Marceau
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Altinoz MA, Guloksuz S, Ozpinar A. Immunomodifying and neuroprotective effects of noscapine: Implications for multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109794. [PMID: 34963564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Noscapine is a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid with antitussive activity. Noscapine protects oligodendroglia from ischemic and chemical injury, binds to bitter taste receptors, antagonizes the bradykinin and histaminergic systems, which may be of benefit in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Noscapine normalizes axonal transport and exerts significant therapeutic efficacy in animal models of Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Noscapine exerts neuroprotective effects on oxygen- and glucose-deprived fetal cortical neuronal cells and reduces ischemic brain damage in neonatal rat pups. Pilot clinical studies indicated some beneficial effects of noscapine in stroke. Noscapine harbours anxiolytic activity and methyl-noscapine blocks small conductance SK channels, which is beneficial in alleviating anxiety and depression. Noscapine exerts anticholinesterase activity and acts inhibitory on the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, which may be harnessed in treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. With its blood-brain barrier traversing features and versatile actions, noscapine may be a promising agent in the armamentarium against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rahmanian-Devin P, Baradaran Rahimi V, Jaafari MR, Golmohammadzadeh S, Sanei-far Z, Askari VR. Noscapine, an Emerging Medication for Different Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8402517. [PMID: 34880922 PMCID: PMC8648453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8402517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Noscapine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from poppy extract, used as an antitussive since the 1950s, and has no addictive or euphoric effects. Various studies have shown that noscapine has excellent anti-inflammatory effects and potentiates the antioxidant defences by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing total glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, noscapine has indicated antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. Noscapine induces apoptosis in many cancerous cell types and provides favourable antitumour activities and inhibitory cell proliferation in solid tumours, even drug-resistant strains, via mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, this compound attenuates the dynamic properties of microtubules and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Noscapine can reduce endothelial cell migration in the brain by inhibiting endothelial cell activator interleukin 8 (IL-8). In fact, this study aimed to elaborate on the possible mechanisms of noscapine against different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sanei-far
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Nourbakhsh F, Askari VR. Biological and pharmacological activities of noscapine: Focusing on its receptors and mechanisms. Biofactors 2021; 47:975-991. [PMID: 34534373 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noscapine has been mentioned as one of the effective drugs with potential therapeutic applications. With few side effects and amazing capabilities, noscapine can be considered different from other opioids-like structure compounds. Since 1930, extensive studies have been conducted in the field of pharmacological treatments from against malaria to control cough and cancer treatment. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that noscapine and some analogues, like 9-bromonoscapine, amino noscapine, and 9-nitronoscapine, can be used to treat polycystic ovaries syndrome, stroke, and other diseases. Given the numerous results presented in this field and the role of different receptors in the therapeutic effects of noscapine, we aimed to review the properties, therapeutic effects, and the role of receptors in the treatment of noscapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ivanenkov YA, Yu Filyaeva K, Matniyazov RT, Baymiev AK, Baymiev AK, Vladimirova AA, Yamidanov RS, Mavzyutov AR, Zileeva ZR, Zainullina LF, Vakhitova JV, Marina VI, Terentiev VA, Osterman IA, Kartsev VG, Bezrukov DS, Dontsova OA. Antibacterial activity of noscapine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128055. [PMID: 33892103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of close noscapine analogs have not been previously reported. We used our pDualrep2 double-reporter High Throughput Screening (HTS) platform to identify a series of noscapine derivatives with promising antibacterial activity. The platform is based on RPF (SOS-response/DNA damage) and Katushka2S (inhibition of translation) proteins and simultaneously provides information on antibacterial activity and the mechanism of action of small-molecule compounds against E. coli. The most potent compound exhibited an MIC of 13.5 µM(6.25 µg/ml) and a relatively low cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells (CC50 = 71 µM, selectivity index: ~5.5). Some compounds from this series induced average Katushka2S reporter signals, indicating inhibition of translation machinery in the bacteria; however, these compounds did not attenuate translation in vitro in a luciferase-based translation assay. The most effective compounds did not significantly arrest the mitotic cycle in HEK293 cells, in contrast to the parent compound in a flow cytometry assay. Several molecules showed activity against clinically relevant gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. Compounds from the discovered series can be reasonably regarded as good templates for further development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan A Ivanenkov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia; The Federal State Unitary Enterprise Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, Moscow 127055, Russia.
| | - Kseniya Yu Filyaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Rustam T Matniyazov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Andrey Kh Baymiev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Alexey Kh Baymiev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Vladimirova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Renat S Yamidanov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Ayrat R Mavzyutov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Zulfia R Zileeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Liana F Zainullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Julia V Vakhitova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Valeriya I Marina
- Department of Chemistry and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Victor A Terentiev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Russian Academy of Science (IBG RAS), Ufa Scientific Centre, Ufa 450054, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ilya A Osterman
- Department of Chemistry and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143026, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry S Bezrukov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Department of Chemistry and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143026, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 142290, Russia
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Ebrahimi SA. Noscapine, a possible drug candidate for attenuation of cytokine release associated with SARS-CoV-2. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:765-767. [PMID: 32337769 PMCID: PMC7267448 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of viral infections has proven to be huge challenge for modern medicine with the most effective approach being prior vaccination. The problem with vaccination is the time it takes to develop an effective vaccine, validate its safety and manufacture it in large quantities. Facing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), we simply do not have the time to develop the vaccine before thousands of people die. Therefore, any treatment which can decrease the severe symptoms due to lung damage may help attenuate mortality rates. Inactivation of ACE2 during virus fusion into the host cell may be one of the underlying reasons for intense immunological reaction seen in the lung tissue. This overreaction is probably mediated through the bradykinin receptor activation. Noscapine, a medication used for the treatment of cough, has been shown to inhibit bradykinin enhanced cough response in man. As it is already marketed in a number of countries as a cough medicine, even for children, a suitable formulation with all the required licenses is available that can be rapidly utilized in preliminary trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soltan A Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Iran University for Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Yang Z, Guo L, Li W, Cheng X, Wang X, Wang Q, Hai L, Wu Y. Total synthesis of the isoquinoline alkaloid decumbenine BviaRu(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Decumbenine B could be easily synthesized from commercially available materials by only five steps with an overall yield of 26.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Zhongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Lingmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Weijian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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Hallberg P, Persson M, Axelsson T, Cavalli M, Norling P, Johansson HE, Yue QY, Magnusson PKE, Wadelius C, Eriksson N, Wadelius M. Genetic variants associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: a genome-wide association study in a Swedish population. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:201-213. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We conducted a genome-wide association study on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough and used our dataset to replicate candidate genes identified in previous studies. Patients & methods: A total of 124 patients and 1345 treated controls were genotyped using Illumina arrays. The genome-wide significance level was set to p < 5 × 10-8. Results: We identified nearly genome-wide significant associations in CLASP1, PDE11A, KCNMB2, TGFA, SLC38A6 and MMP16. The strongest association was with rs62151109 in CLASP1 (odds ratio: 3.97; p = 9.44 × 10-8). All top hits except two were located in intronic or noncoding DNA regions. None of the candidate genes were significantly associated in our study. Conclusion: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough is potentially associated with genes that are independent of bradykinin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Hallberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matilda Persson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Hans-Erik Johansson
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Swedish Twin Registry, Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center & Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Wadelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Li T, Mo H, Chen W, Li L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Li X, Lu Y. Role of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:646-655. [PMID: 27613818 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to focus on the recent progress of the understanding of the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that PI3K plays an important role in PCOS whose pathogenesis is unclear. However, research continues into revealing the details of how PI3Ks are involved in developing PCOS. Previous studies have shown that activation of the PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway has important effects on insulin resistance and endometrial cancer. Knowledge of the action of PI3K in PCOS might provide valuable information to further validate the pathogenesis of PCOS and suggest new methods of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Mo
- 2 Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Research, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Research, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- 2 Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Research, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 3 Guangzhou Family Planning Specialty Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ashraf MU, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Bukhari SNA. Cydonia oblonga M., A Medicinal Plant Rich in Phytonutrients for Pharmaceuticals. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:163. [PMID: 27445806 PMCID: PMC4914572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cydonia oblonga M. is a medicinal plant of family Rosaceae which is used to prevent or treat several ailments such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, ulcer, respiratory, and urinary infections, etc. Cydonia oblonga commonly known as Quince is rich in useful secondary metabolites such as phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, sugars, organic acids, and glycosides. A wide range of pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular, antidepressant, antidiarrheal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, and hypoglycemic have been ascribed to various parts of C. oblonga. The polysaccharide mucilage, glucuronoxylan extruded from seeds of C. oblonga is used in dermal patches to heal wounds. This review focuses on detailed investigations of high-valued phytochemicals as well as pharmacological and phytomedicinal attributes of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed N. A. Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rida PCG, LiVecche D, Ogden A, Zhou J, Aneja R. The Noscapine Chronicle: A Pharmaco-Historic Biography of the Opiate Alkaloid Family and its Clinical Applications. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1072-96. [PMID: 26179481 DOI: 10.1002/med.21357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Given its manifold potential therapeutic applications and amenability to modification, noscapine is a veritable "Renaissance drug" worthy of commemoration. Perhaps the only facet of noscapine's profile more astounding than its versatility is its virtual lack of side effects and addictive properties, which distinguishes it from other denizens of Papaver somniferum. This review intimately chronicles the rich intellectual and pharmacological history behind the noscapine family of compounds, the length of whose arms was revealed over decades of patient scholarship and experimentation. We discuss the intriguing story of this family of nontoxic alkaloids, from noscapine's purification from opium at the turn of the 19th century in Paris to the recent torrent of rationally designed analogs with tremendous anticancer potential. In between, noscapine's unique pharmacology; impact on cellular signaling pathways, the mitotic spindle, and centrosome clustering; use as an antimalarial drug and cough suppressant; and exceptional potential as a treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome, strokes, and diverse malignancies are catalogued. Seminal experiments involving some of its more promising analogs, such as amino-noscapine, 9-nitronoscapine, 9-bromonoscapine, and reduced bromonoscapine, are also detailed. Finally, the bright future of these oftentimes even more exceptional derivatives is described, rounding out a portrait of a truly remarkable family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashree C G Rida
- Novazoi Theranostics, Inc, Plano, Texas, 75025, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Dillon LiVecche
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Angela Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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Sato A, Fukuda S. A prospective study of frequency and characteristics of cough during ACE inhibitor treatment. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 37:563-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1026040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhisa Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Fukuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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DeBono AJ, Mistry SJ, Xie J, Muthiah D, Phillips J, Ventura S, Callaghan R, Pouton CW, Capuano B, Scammells PJ. The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Multifunctionalised Derivatives of Noscapine as Cytotoxic Agents. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:399-410. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Alisaraie L, Tuszynski JA. Determination of Noscapine’s Localization and Interaction with the Tubulin-α/β Heterodimer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:535-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bhalla P, Singh NP, Ravi K. Attenuation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough by iron supplementation: role of nitric oxide. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:491-7. [PMID: 21421658 DOI: 10.1177/1470320311399604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether (1) the cough associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy is attenuated by oral intake of iron and anti-oxidants, and (2) nitric oxide (NO) has any role in this attenuation. Of the 100 patients under investigation, cough occurred in 28 of them with preponderance in females. All the 28 patients were followed up for six weeks: the first two weeks were the observation period and the remaining four weeks the experimentation period. After the observation period, 11 patients received a single oral dose of ferrous sulphate (200 mg), eight received vitamin E (200 mg, o.d.) and vitamin C (150 mg, o.d.) and nine were given placebo during the experimentation period. Cough scoring, serum NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined during both the periods. While there were significant decreases in cough scores, NO and MDA levels between these two periods in the iron group, cough scores and MDA level decreased significantly in the anti-oxidant group. None of these parameters changed in the control group. NO level was found to be increased significantly in patients who developed cough (n = 28) compared with those who did not cough (n = 72). These results suggest that iron supplementation suppresses cough in patients on ACE-I therapy through its effect on NO generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Bhalla
- Department of Physiology, VP Chest Institute, Delhi, India.
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ISHIGURO E, HATAMOCHI A, HAYASHI S, HAMASAKI Y, YAMAZAKI S. Fixed drug eruption caused by noscapine. J Dermatol 2010; 38:295-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Priyadarshani A, Chuttani K, Mittal G, Bhatnagar A. Radiolabeling, biodistribution and gamma scintigraphy of noscapine hydrochloride in normal and polycystic ovary induced rats. J Ovarian Res 2010; 3:10. [PMID: 20420718 PMCID: PMC2877043 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noscapine, an alkaloid from Papaver somniferum, widely used as an antitussive, is being clinically studied in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a few other cancers primarily because of its anti-angiogenesis properties. With the advent of diverse application of noscapine, we sought to determine whether the radiolabeling method can be useful in studying uptake and kinetics of the molecule in-vivo. Specific objectives of this study were to radiolabel noscapine with Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), to determine its organ biodistribution in rat model and study its uptake kinetics in PCOS model. METHODS A method for radiolabeling noscapine with Tc-99m was standardized using stannous reduction method and its in vitro and in vivo stability parameters were studied. The radiopharmaceutical was also evaluated for blood kinetics and biodistribution profile. An animal model of PCOS was created by using antiprogesterone RU486 and uptake of 99mTc-noscapine in normal and PCOS ovaries was compared using gamma scintigraphy. RESULTS Noscapine hydrochloride was successfully radiolabeled with Tc-99m with high labeling efficiency and in vitro stability. Most of the blood clearance of the drug (80%) took place in first hour after intravascular injection with maximum accumulation being observed in liver, spleen, kidney followed by the ovary. At 4 hours post injection, radiolabeled complex accumulation doubled in PCOS ovaries in rats (0.9 +/- 0.03% ID/whole organ) compared to normal cyclic rats (0.53 +/- 0.01% ID/whole organ). This observation was further strengthened by scintigraphic images of rats taken at different time intervals (1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h) where SPECT images suggested discrete accumulation in the PCOS ovaries. CONCLUSION Through our study we report direct radiolabeling of noscapine and its biodistribution in various organs and specific uptake in PCOS that may show its utility for imaging ovarian pathology. The increased ovarian uptake in PCOS may be related to its receptor binding suggesting possible role of 99mTc-noscapine in PCOS diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110 054, India
| | - Gaurav Mittal
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110 054, India
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110 054, India
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Priyadarshani A. Relevance of an opioid, noscapine in reducing cystogeneses in rat experimental model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:837-43. [PMID: 19609106 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Owing to grave socio-medical consequences, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly alarming endocrinopathy. For searching better therapeutics for PCOS, we present a rat model for PCOS using antiprogestin RU486 and evaluate the efficacy of noscapine for its treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Female Wistar rats weighing 200+/-10 g bwt, exhibiting regular estrous cycle were administered an oral dose of RU486 [20 mg/kg body weight (bwt)/day] in olive oil for 13 consecutive days and compared with controls receiving 0.1 ml olive oil/100 g bwt/day. PCOS induced rats were administered varying dosing regimens of noscapine and were further compared with flutamide, the conventional drug for PCOS. Consecutively, vaginal smears and ovulation was noted and rats from all the groups were sacrificed and serum hormone levels for LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol, and testosterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Uteri and ovaries were excised free of adjacent tissue, weighed and further recruited for ascertaining ovary histologic parameters. RESULTS Our data go in accordance with previous studies where RU486 administered rats mimicked classical PCOS parameters seen in women. PCOS induced rats with ovulation blockade, persistent estrus and polycystic ovary resumed estrous cycle in 3-4 days post noscapine administration (120 mg/kg bwt/day). Folliculogenesis was followed by ovulation with reduced cystic manifestation and restored ovary and uterus weight. Biochemically, serum LH, PRL, estradiol, and testosterone concentration showed reduction while FSH and progesterone concentration increased significantly when compared with the conventional drug flutamide. DISCUSSION The amelioration of PCOS by noscapine is a novel observation that makes it a potential candidate for being a better therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Priyadarshani
- Department of Zoology, K M College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Chung KF, Widdicombe J. Peripheral mechanisms II: the pharmacology of peripherally active antitussive drugs. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009; 187:155-86. [PMID: 18825340 PMCID: PMC7122788 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79842-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cough is an indispensable defensive reflex. Although generally beneficial, it is also a common symptom of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, upper respiratory tract infections, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Cough remains a major unmet medical need and although the centrally acting opioids have remained the antitussive of choice for decades, they have many unwanted side effects. However, new research into the behaviour of airway sensory nerves has provided greater insight into the mechanisms of cough and new avenues for the discovery of novel non-opioid antitussive drugs. In this review, the pathophysiological mechanisms of cough and the development of novel antitussive drugs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY UK
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Noscapine induces apoptosis in human glioma cells by an apoptosis-inducing factor-dependent pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:553-63. [PMID: 18525314 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282ffd68d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we identified noscapine as a small molecule inhibitor of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway in hypoxic human glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Noscapine is a nontoxic ingredient in cough medicine currently used in clinical trials for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia to assess antitumor efficacy. Here, we have evaluated the sensitivity of four human glioma cell lines to noscapine-induced apoptosis. Noscapine was a potent inhibitor of proliferation and inducer of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis was associated with activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway concomitant with inactivation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase signaling pathway and phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Noscapine-induced apoptosis was associated with the release of mitochondrial proteins apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and/or cytochrome c. In some glioma cell lines, only AIF release occurred without cytochrome c release or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Knock-down of AIF decreased noscapine-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest the potential importance of noscapine as a novel agent for use in patients with glioblastoma owing to its low toxicity profile and its potent anticancer activity.
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Heidari N, Goliaei B, Moghaddam PR, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Mahmoudian M. Apoptotic pathway induced by noscapine in human myelogenous leukemic cells. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 18:1139-47. [PMID: 17893514 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282eea257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that noscapine, an opium-derived phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid that is currently being used as an oral antitussive drug, induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells. The molecular mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of noscapine is poorly understood. In the current study, the apoptotic effects of noscapine on two myeloid cell lines, apoptosis-proficient HL60 cells and apoptosis-resistant K562 cells, were analyzed. An increase in the activity of caspase-2, -3, -6, -8 and -9, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage, detection of phosphatidylserine on the outer layer of the cell membrane, nucleation of chromatin, and DNA fragmentation suggested the induction of apoptosis. Noscapine increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with a significant decrease of Bcl-2 expression accompanied with Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Using an inhibitory approach, the activation of the caspase cascade involved in the noscapine-induced apoptosis was analyzed. We observed no inhibitory effect of the caspase-8 inhibitor on caspase-9 activity. In view of these results and taking into consideration that K562 cells are Fas-null, we suggested that caspase-8 is activated in a Fas-independent manner downstream of caspase-9. In conclusion, noscapine can induce apoptosis in both apoptosis-proficient and apoptosis-resistant leukemic cells, and it can be a novel candidate in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Heidari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaei B, Mokhtari A, Khayamian T. A Simple and Rapid Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Method for the Determination of Noscapine with Ru(phen)32+-Ce(IV) System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 97:605-14. [PMID: 17899875 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200790046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) system was used for the determination of noscapine. This technique is based on the reduction effect of noscapine on the Ru(phen)3(3+), which is produced by reaction between Ru(phen)3(2+) and acidic Ce(IV) solutions, and this rapid reduction produces strong CL. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 3.0 x 10(-7) - 2.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) and 2.0 x 10(-6) - 2.0 x 10(-4) mol L(-1). The CL intensity was so high, that it is able to produce a detection limit of 6.6 x 10(-8) M noscapine (3sigma). The relative standard deviation of 2.0 x 10(-6) M noscapine was 1.0% (n=10). The proposed method was successfully applied for the flow injection determination of noscapine in cough and Tonin syrup samples. The results of real sample analyses show good recovery percentages (97.3-102.4%). The minimum sampling rate was 100 samples per hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156 Isfahan I.R. Iran.
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