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Maniam P, Essilfie AT, Kalimutho M, Ling D, Frazer DM, Phipps S, Anderson GJ, Reid DW. Increased susceptibility of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells to ferroptosis. Biol Res 2021; 54:38. [PMID: 34903297 PMCID: PMC8670191 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective chloride transport in airway epithelial cells (AECs) and the associated lung disease are the main causes of morbidity and early mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Abnormal airway iron homeostasis and the presence of lipid peroxidation products, indicative of oxidative stress, are features of CF lung disease. RESULTS Here, we report that CF AECs (IB3-1) are susceptible to ferroptosis, a type of cell death associated with iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Compared to isogenic CFTR corrected cells (C38), the IB3-1 cells showed increased susceptibility to cell death upon exposure to iron in the form of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and the ferroptosis inducer, erastin. This phenotype was accompanied by accumulation of intracellular ferrous iron and lipid peroxides and the extracellular release of malondialdehyde, all indicative of redox stress, and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture supernatant, indicating enhanced cell injury. The ferric iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) and the lipophilic antioxidant ferrostatin-1 inhibited FAC and erastin induced ferroptosis in IB3-1 cells. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression was decreased in IB3-1 cells treated with FAC and erastin, but was unchanged in C38 AECs. Necroptosis appeared to be involved in the enhanced susceptibility of IB3-1 AECs to ferroptosis, as evidenced by partial cell death rescue with necroptosis inhibitors and enhanced mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) localisation to the plasma membrane. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that the increased susceptibility of CF AECs to ferroptosis is linked to abnormal intracellular ferrous iron accumulation and reduced antioxidant defences. In addition, the process of ferroptotic cell death in CF AECs does not appear to be a single entity and for the first time we describe necroptosis as a potential contributory factor. Iron chelation and antioxidant treatments may be promising therapeutic interventions in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Maniam
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ama-Tawiah Essilfie
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dora Ling
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David M Frazer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David W Reid
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia.
- Lung Inflammation and Infection Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4003, Australia.
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2
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Sosinski LM, H CM, Neugebauer KA, Ghuneim LAJ, Guzior DV, Castillo-Bahena A, Mielke J, Thomas R, McClelland M, Conrad D, Quinn RA. A restructuring of microbiome niche space is associated with Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor therapy in the cystic fibrosis lung. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:996-1005. [PMID: 34824018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor (ETI) therapy is showing promising efficacy for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) and is becoming more widely available since recent FDA approval. However, little is known about how these drugs will affect lung infections, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with CF (pwCF). METHODS We analyzed sputum microbiome and metabolome data from pwCF (n=24) before and after ETI therapy using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS The sputum microbiome diversity, particularly its evenness, was increased (p=0.036) and the microbiome profiles were different between individuals before and after therapy (PERMANOVA F=1.92, p=0.044). Despite these changes, the microbiomes remained more similar within an individual than across the sampled population. No specific microbial taxa differed in relative abundance before and after therapy, but the collective log-ratio of classic CF pathogens to anaerobes significantly decreased (p=0.013). The sputum metabolome also showed changes associated with ETI (PERMANOVA F=4.22, p=0.002) and was characterized by greater variation across subjects while on treatment. Changes in the metabolome were driven by a decrease in peptides, amino acids, and metabolites from the kynurenine pathway, which were associated with a decrease in CF pathogens. Metabolism of the three small molecules that make up ETI was extensive, including previously uncharacterized structural modifications. CONCLUSIONS ETI therapy is associated with a changing microbiome and metabolome in airway mucus. This effect was stronger on sputum biochemistry, which may reflect changing niche space for microbial residency in lung mucus as the drug's effects take hold. FUNDING This project was funded by a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Grant R01AI145925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo M Sosinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christian Martin H
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kerri A Neugebauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lydia-Ann J Ghuneim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Douglas V Guzior
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jenna Mielke
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ryan Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Doug Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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3
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Yonker LM, Barrios J, Mou H, Hurley BP. Untapped Potential: Therapeutically Targeting Eicosanoids and Endocannabinoids in the Lung. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:69-81. [PMID: 33423293 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of the airway involves the recruitment of highly active immune cells to combat and clear microbes and toxic factors; however, this inflammatory response can result in unintended damage to lung tissue. Tissue damage resulting from inflammation is often mitigated by resolving factors that limit the scope and duration of the inflammatory response. Both inflammatory and resolving processes require the actions of a vast array of lipid mediators that can be rapidly synthesized through a variety of airway resident and infiltrating immune cells. Eicosanoids and endocannabinoids represent two major classes of lipid mediators that share synthetic enzymes and have diverse and overlapping functions. This review seeks to provide a summary of the major bioactive eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, challenges facing researchers that study them, and their roles in modulating inflammation and resolution. With a special emphasis on cystic fibrosis, a variety of therapeutics are discussed that have been explored for their potential anti-inflammatory or proresolving impact toward alleviating excessive airway inflammation and improving lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael M Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Division, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliana Barrios
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan P Hurley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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A bird eye view on cystic fibrosis: An underestimated multifaceted chronic disorder. Life Sci 2020; 268:118959. [PMID: 33383045 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease which involves the mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CF involves in the inflammatory processes and is considered as a multisystem disorder that is not confined to lungs, but it also affects other vital organs that leads to numerous co-morbidities. The respiratory disorder in the CF results in mortality and morbidity which is characterized by series of serious events involving mucus hypersecretion, microbial infections, airways obstruction, inflammation, destruction of epithelium, tissue remodeling and terminal lung diseases. Mucins are the high molecular weight glycoproteins important for the viscoelastic properties of the mucus, play a significant role in the disease mechanisms. Determining the functional association between the CFTR and mucins might help to identify the putative target for specific therapeutic approach. In fact, furin enzyme which helps in the entry of novel COVID-19 virus into the cell, is upregulated in CF and this can also serve as a potential target for CF treatment. Moreover, the use of nano-formulations for CF treatment is an area of research being widely studied as they have also demonstrated promising outcomes. The in-depth knowledge of non-coding RNAs like miRNAs and lncRNAs and their functional association with CFTR gene expression and mutation can provide a different range of opportunity to identify the promising therapeutic approaches for CF.
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5
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Impaired Ratio of Unsaturated to Saturated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Saliva from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110915. [PMID: 33171650 PMCID: PMC7695280 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired salivary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels have been previously observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to characterize the salivary NEFA profile in CF and to examine whether the alterations are related to the pancreatic status and/or lung disease severity. We analyzed salivary NEFA, cholesterol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in CF patients (n = 66) and healthy subjects (n = 48). CF patients showed higher salivary levels of cholesterol, total NEFA (that was negatively correlated with serum triglycerides), unsaturated NEFA/saturated NEFA (U/S NEFA) ratio and IL-6 than controls. The U/S NEFA ratio was positively correlated with IL-6 in both patients and controls, suggesting an association between this parameter and local inflammation independently from the disease. No correlation between salivary lipids and pancreatic status was observed, while the U/S NEFA ratio was higher in patients with severe lung disease than mild/moderate severity and may represent a prognostic marker of lung disease in CF.
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6
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Hassan AA, Dos Santos SC, Cooper VS, Sá-Correia I. Comparative Evolutionary Patterns of Burkholderia cenocepacia and B. multivorans During Chronic Co-infection of a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Lung. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574626. [PMID: 33101250 PMCID: PMC7545829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic respiratory infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, bacteria adaptively evolve in response to the nutritional and immune environment as well as influence other infecting microbes. The present study was designed to gain insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation and diversification by the two most prevalent pathogenic species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans. Herein, we study the evolution of both of these species during coinfection of a CF patient for 4.4 years using genome sequences of 9 B. multivorans and 11 B. cenocepacia. This co-infection spanned at least 3 years following initial infection by B. multivorans and ultimately ended in the patient's death by cepacia syndrome. Both species acquired several mutations with accumulation rates of 2.08 (B. cenocepacia) and 2.27 (B. multivorans) SNPs/year. Many of the mutated genes are associated with oxidative stress response, transition metal metabolism, defense mechanisms against antibiotics, and other metabolic alterations consistent with the idea that positive selection might be driven by the action of the host immune system, antibiotic therapy and low oxygen and iron concentrations. Two orthologous genes shared by B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans were found to be under strong selection and accumulated mutations associated with lineage diversification. One gene encodes a nucleotide sugar dehydratase involved in lipopolysaccharide O-antigen (OAg) biosynthesis (wbiI). The other gene encodes a putative two-component regulatory sensor kinase protein required to sense and adapt to oxidative- and heavy metal- inducing stresses. This study contributes to understanding of shared and species-specific evolutionary patterns of B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans evolving in the same CF lung environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amir Hassan
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra C Dos Santos
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhou M, He J, Shi T, Zhang S, Tang N, Chen W. Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans exposure and altered lung function: The mediating role of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105521. [PMID: 32007688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung has been reported to be one of the target organs of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in many toxicological studies. While the associations between PCDD/Fs exposure and lung function levels have not been investigated thoroughly. This study aimed to explore these associations and the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. In this study, 201 foundry workers and 222 non-exposed general residents were recruited from central China, and their lung function parameters were measured. Air and food samples were collected to determine the PCDD/Fs levels for individual PCDD/Fs exposure estimation. Serum PCDD/Fs levels were determined in a subgroup of individuals randomly selected from the study population to reflect the body burden. It was found that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of PCDD/Fs exposure (fg TEQ/bw/day) was associated with a 0.47 L decrease in FVC and a 0.25 L decrease in FEV1. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of serum PCDD/Fs (fg TEQ/g lipid) was associated with a 0.36 L decrease in FVC and a 0.24 L decrease in FEV1. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was not only positively related to PCDD/Fs exposure, but also inversely associated with FVC and FEV1 are FVC (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.08) and FEV1 (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.02). Mediation analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG mediated 12.22% of the associations of external PCDD/Fs exposure with FVC levels, 28.61% and 27.87% of the associations of serum PCDD/Fs with FVC and FEV1 levels respectively. Our findings suggested that PCDD/Fs exposure was associated with decreased lung function levels by a mechanism partly involving oxidatively generated damage to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519060, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- Center for Research on Urban Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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8
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Horati H, Janssens HM, Margaroli C, Veltman M, Stolarczyk M, Kilgore MB, Chou J, Peng L, Tiddens HAMW, Chandler JD, Tirouvanziam R, Scholte BJ. Airway profile of bioactive lipids predicts early progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:902-909. [PMID: 32057679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that abnormal levels of bioactive lipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) correlated with early structural lung damage. METHOD To extend these studies, BALF bioactive lipid measurement by mass spectrometry and chest computed tomography (CT, combined with the sensitive PRAGMA-CF scoring method) were performed longitudinally at 2-year intervals in a new cohort of CF children (n = 21, aged 1-5 yrs). RESULTS PRAGMA-CF, neutrophil elastase activity, and myeloperoxidase correlated with BALF lysolipids and isoprostanes, markers of oxidative stress, as well as prostaglandin E2 and combined ceramide precursors (Spearman's Rho > 0.5; P < 0.01 for all). Multiple protein agonists of inflammation and tissue remodeling, measured by Olink protein array, correlated positively (r = 0.44-0.79, p < 0.05) with PRAGMA-CF scores and bioactive lipid levels. Notably, levels of lysolipids, prostaglandin E2 and isoprostanes at first BALF predicted the evolution of PRAGMA-CF scores 2 years later. In wild-type differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells, and in CFTR-inducible iCFBE cells, treatment with a lysolipid receptor agonist (VPC3114) enhanced shedding of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that bioactive lipids in BALF correlate with and possibly predict structural lung disease in CF children, which supports their use as biomarkers of disease progression and treatment efficacy. Furthermore, our data suggest a causative role of airway lysolipids and oxidative stress in the progression of early CF lung disease, unveiling potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Horati
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mieke Veltman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Stolarczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew B Kilgore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Limin Peng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Harm A M W Tiddens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bob J Scholte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Treffon J, Chaves-Moreno D, Niemann S, Pieper DH, Vogl T, Roth J, Kahl BC. Importance of superoxide dismutases A and M for protection of Staphylococcus aureus in the oxidative stressful environment of cystic fibrosis airways. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13158. [PMID: 31895486 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the earliest pathogens that persists the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and contributes to increased inflammation and decreased lung function. In contrast to other staphylococci, S. aureus possesses two superoxide dismutases (SODs), SodA and SodM, with SodM being unique to S. aureus. Both SODs arm S. aureus for its fight against oxidative stress, a by-product of inflammatory reactions. Despite complex investigations, it is still unclear if both enzymes are crucial for the special pathogenicity of S. aureus. To investigate the role of both SODs during staphylococcal persistence in CF airways, we analysed survival and gene expression of S. aureus CF isolates and laboratory strains in different CF-related in vitro and ex vivo settings. Bacteria located in inflammatory and oxidised CF sputum transcribed high levels of sodA and sodM. Especially expression values of sodM were remarkably higher in CF sputum than in bacterial in vitro cultures. Interestingly, also S. aureus located in airway epithelial cells expressed elevated transcript numbers of both SODs, indicating that S. aureus is exposed to oxidative stress at various sites within CF airways. Both enzymes promoted survival of S. aureus during polymorphonuclear leukocyte killing and seem to act compensatory, thereby giving evidence that the interwoven interaction of SodA and SodM contributes to S. aureus virulence and facilitates S. aureus persistence within CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Treffon
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Diego Chaves-Moreno
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dietmar Helmut Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara C Kahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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10
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Teopompi E, Risé P, Pisi R, Buccellati C, Aiello M, Pisi G, Tripodi C, Fainardi V, Clini E, Chetta A, Rovati GE, Sala A. Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Metabolites in the Airways of Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:938. [PMID: 31507425 PMCID: PMC6716427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by genetic mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein. Several reports have indicated the presence of specific fatty acid alterations in CF patients, most notably decreased levels of plasmatic and tissue docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the precursor of specialized pro-resolving mediators. We hypothesized that DHA supplementation could restore the production of DHA-derived products and possibly contribute to a better control of the chronic pulmonary inflammation observed in CF subjects. Sputum samples from 15 CF and 10 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects were collected and analyzed by LC/MS/MS, and blood fatty acid were profiled by gas chromatography upon lipid extraction and transmethylation. Interestingly, CF subjects showed increased concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), when compared with COPD patients, whereas the concentrations of DHA metabolites did not differ between the two groups. After DHA supplementation, not only DHA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio and highly unsaturated fatty acid index were significantly increased in the subjects completing the study (p < 0.05) but also a reduction in LTB4 and 15-HETE was observed, together with a tendency for a decrease in PGE2, and an increase in 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (17OH-DHA) levels. At the end of the washout period, LTB4, PGE2, 15-HETE, and 17OH-DHA showed a trend to return to baseline values. In addition, 15-HETE/17OH-DHA ratio in the same sample significantly decreased after DHA supplementation (p < 0.01) when compared with baseline. In conclusion, our results show here that in CF patients, an impairment in fatty acid metabolism, characterized by increased AA-derived metabolites and decreased DHA-derived metabolites, could be partially corrected by DHA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teopompi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Pisi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Unit Children Hospital, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Candida Tripodi
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Unit Children Hospital, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Fainardi
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Unit Children Hospital, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.,IBIM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Staerck C, Tabiasco J, Godon C, Delneste Y, Bouchara JP, Fleury MJJ. Transcriptional profiling of Scedosporium apiospermum enzymatic antioxidant gene battery unravels the involvement of thioredoxin reductases against chemical and phagocytic cells oxidative stress. Med Mycol 2019; 57:363-373. [PMID: 29889264 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium species rank the second, after Aspergillus fumigatus, among the filamentous fungi colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Development of microorganisms in the respiratory tract depends on their capacity to evade killing by the host immune system, particularly through the oxidative response of macrophages and neutrophils, with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This is particularly true in the airways of CF patients which display an exacerbated inflammatory reaction. To protect themselves, pathogens have developed various enzymatic antioxidant systems implicated in ROS degradation, including superoxide dismutases, catalases, cytochrome C peroxidases, chloroperoxidases and enzymes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, or in RNS degradation, that is, flavohemoglobins, nitrate reductases, and nitrite reductases. Here we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant gene battery in 24-h-old hyphae of Scedosporium apiospermum in response to oxidative stress induced chemically or by exposure to activated phagocytic cells. We showed that 21 out of the 33 genes potentially implicated in the oxidative or nitrosative stress response were overexpressed upon exposure of the fungus to various chemical oxidants, while they were only 13 in co-cultures with macrophages or neutrophils. Among them, genes encoding two thioredoxin reductases and to a lesser extent, a peroxiredoxin and one catalase were found to be overexpressed after chemical oxidative stress as well as in co-cultures. These results suggest that thioredoxin reductases, which are known to be virulence factors in other pathogenic fungi, play a key role in pathogenesis of scedosporiosis, and may be new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Staerck
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Julie Tabiasco
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Charlotte Godon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Maxime J J Fleury
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
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12
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Quinn RA, Adem S, Mills RH, Comstock W, DeRight Goldasich L, Humphrey G, Aksenov AA, Melnik AV, da Silva R, Ackermann G, Bandeira N, Gonzalez DJ, Conrad D, O’Donoghue AJ, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. Neutrophilic proteolysis in the cystic fibrosis lung correlates with a pathogenic microbiome. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:23. [PMID: 30760325 PMCID: PMC6375204 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung microbiome have consistently shown that lung function decline is associated with decreased microbial diversity due to the dominance of opportunistic pathogens. However, how this phenomenon is reflected in the metabolites and chemical environment of lung secretions remains poorly understood. METHODS Here we investigated the microbial and molecular composition of CF sputum samples using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and untargeted tandem mass spectrometry to determine their interrelationships and associations with clinical measures of disease severity. RESULTS The CF metabolome was found to exist in two states: one from patients with more severe disease that had higher molecular diversity and more Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the other from patients with better lung function having lower metabolite diversity and fewer pathogenic bacteria. The two molecular states were differentiated by the abundance and diversity of peptides and amino acids. Patients with severe disease and more pathogenic bacteria had higher levels of peptides. Analysis of the carboxyl terminal residues of these peptides indicated that neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G were responsible for their generation, and accordingly, these patients had higher levels of proteolytic activity from these enzymes in their sputum. The CF pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa was correlated with the abundance of amino acids and is known to primarily feed on them in the lung. CONCLUSIONS In cases of severe CF lung disease, proteolysis by host enzymes creates an amino acid-rich environment that P. aeruginosa comes to dominate, which may contribute to the pathogen's persistence by providing its preferred carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Quinn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48823 MI USA
| | - Sandeep Adem
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Robert H. Mills
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - William Comstock
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alexander A. Aksenov
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alexei V. Melnik
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nuno Bandeira
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Doug Conrad
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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13
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Spicuzza L, Parisi GF, Tardino L, Ciancio N, Nenna R, Midulla F, Leonardi S. Exhaled markers of antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in stable cystic fibrosis patients with moderate lung disease. J Breath Res 2018; 12:026010. [PMID: 29146889 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa9b39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The sustained imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species contributes to lung damage in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Glutathione (GSH) is an important component of the antioxidant defense in the airways epithelial lining fluid and its transportation out of the cells may be altered in CF. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidants/antioxidants balance in the airways of patients with CF. We measured the concentrations of GSH, the total antioxidant capacity and the concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane), a marker of oxidative stress, in the exhaled breath condensate of 17 non-smoking patients with CF, in stable phase, and in 17 age-matched healthy subjects. The levels of GSH and total antioxidant capacity in patients with CF were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (0.66 ± 0.07 μM versus 1.30 ± 0.08 μM, p < 0.001, respectively for GSH; 0.157 ± 0.02 mM and 0.32 ± 0.01 mM, p < 0.05, respectively for antioxidant capacity). The concentration of 8-isoprostane was higher in CF than in healthy controls (26.5 ± 0.1 pg ml-1 versus 10.8 ± 0.1 pg ml-1; p < 0.05). A low concentration of antioxidant agents, particularly glutathione, and increased levels of 8-isoprostane in the exhaled breath suggest an altered oxidizing environment in the airways of patients with CF. This altered redox environment in the epithelial liquid surface may contribute to progressive lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Respiratory Unit, AOU Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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14
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Sellers ZM, Illek B, Figueira MF, Hari G, Joo NS, Sibley E, Souza-Menezes J, Morales MM, Fischer H, Wine JJ. Impaired PGE2-stimulated Cl- and HCO3- secretion contributes to cystic fibrosis airway disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189894. [PMID: 29281691 PMCID: PMC5744969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway mucociliary clearance (MCC) is an important defense mechanism against pulmonary infections and is compromised in cystic fibrosis (CF). Cl- and HCO3- epithelial transport are integral to MCC. During pulmonary infections prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production is abundant. Aim To determine the effect of PGE2 on airway Cl- and HCO3- secretion and MCC in normal and CF airways. Methods We examined PGE2 stimulated MCC, Cl- and HCO3- secretion using ferret trachea, human bronchial epithelial cell cultures (CFBE41o- with wildtype CFTR (CFBE41 WT) or homozygous F508del CFTR (CFBE41 CF) and human normal bronchial submucosal gland cell line (Calu-3) in Ussing chambers with or without pH-stat. Results PGE2 stimulated MCC in a dose-dependent manner and was partially impaired by CFTRinh-172. PGE2-stimulated Cl- current in ferret trachea was partially inhibited by CFTRinh-172, with niflumic acid eliminating the residual current. CFBE41 WT cell monolayers produced a robust Cl- and HCO3- secretory response to PGE2, both of which were completely inhibited by CFTRinh-172. CFBE41 CF cells exhibited no response to PGE2. In Calu-3 cells, PGE2 stimulated Cl- and HCO3- secretion. Cl- secretion was partially inhibited by CFTRinh-172, with additional inhibition by niflumic acid. HCO3- secretion was completely inhibited by CFTRinh-172. Conclusions PGE2 stimulates bronchotracheal MCC and this response is decreased in CF. In CF airway, PGE2-stimulated Cl- and HCO3- conductance is impaired and may contribute to decreased MCC. There remains a CFTR-independent Cl- current in submucosal glands, which if exploited, could represent a means of improving airway Cl- secretion and MCC in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Sellers
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatolfifogy, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Beate Illek
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Miriam Frankenthal Figueira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Core for Ecology and Socio Environmental Development, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gopika Hari
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Nam Soo Joo
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric Sibley
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatolfifogy, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Jackson Souza-Menezes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Core for Ecology and Socio Environmental Development, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Morales
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Horst Fischer
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Wine
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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15
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Chua SL, Ding Y, Liu Y, Cai Z, Zhou J, Swarup S, Drautz-Moses DI, Schuster SC, Kjelleberg S, Givskov M, Yang L. Reactive oxygen species drive evolution of pro-biofilm variants in pathogens by modulating cyclic-di-GMP levels. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160162. [PMID: 27881736 PMCID: PMC5133437 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host immune system offers a hostile environment with antimicrobials and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are detrimental to bacterial pathogens, forcing them to adapt and evolve for survival. However, the contribution of oxidative stress to pathogen evolution remains elusive. Using an experimental evolution strategy, we show that exposure of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to sub-lethal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels over 120 generations led to the emergence of pro-biofilm rough small colony variants (RSCVs), which could be abrogated by l-glutathione antioxidants. Comparative genomic analysis of the RSCVs revealed that mutations in the wspF gene, which encodes for a repressor of WspR diguanylate cyclase (DGC), were responsible for increased intracellular cyclic-di-GMP content and production of Psl exopolysaccharide. Psl provides the first line of defence against ROS and macrophages, ensuring the survival fitness of RSCVs over wild-type P. aeruginosa Our study demonstrated that ROS is an essential driving force for the selection of pro-biofilm forming pathogenic variants. Understanding the fundamental mechanism of these genotypic and phenotypic adaptations will improve treatment strategies for combating chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Yichen Ding
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Yang Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Zhao Cai
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.,NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Stephan Christoph Schuster
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Center for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Givskov
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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16
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Non-Clinical Studies for Evaluation of 8-C-Rhamnosyl Apigenin Purified from Peperomia obtusifolia against Acute Edema. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091972. [PMID: 28906474 PMCID: PMC5618621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound 8-C-rhamnosyl apigenin (8CR) induced a moderate reduction in the enzymatic activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), but the compound also significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase. In vitro assays showed that the compound induced a slight change in the secondary structure of sPLA2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom. In vivo assays were divided into two steps. In the first step, the 8CR compound was administered by intraperitoneal injections 30 min prior to administration of sPLA2. In this condition, 8CR inhibited edema and myonecrosis induced by the sPLA2 activity of Crotalus durissus terrificus in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and lipid peroxidation. This has been demonstrated by monitoring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat paws after the course of edema induced by sPLA2. These results, for the first time, show that sPLA2 of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom induces massive muscle damage, as well as significant edema by mobilization of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Additionally, its pharmacological activity involves increased lipid peroxidation as well as TNF-α and IL-1β production. Previous administration by the peritoneal route has shown that dose-dependent 8CR significantly decreases the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes. This resulted in a decrease of the amount of bioactive lipids involved in inflammation; it also promoted a significant cellular protection against lipid peroxidation. In vivo experiments performed with 8CR at a concentration adjusted to 200 μg (8 mg/kg) of intraperitoneal injection 15 min after sPLA2 injection significantly reduced sPLA2 edema and the myotoxic effect induced by sPLA2 through the decrease in the enzymatic activity of cPLA2, cyclooxygenase, and a massive reduction of lipid peroxidation. These results clearly show that 8CR is a potent anti-inflammatory that inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and it may modulate the enzymatic activity of sPLA2 and cPLA2. In addition, it was shown that Crotalus durissus terrificus sPLA2 increases cell oxidative stress during edema and myonecrosis, and the antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic compound may be significant in mitigating the pharmacological effect induced by sPLA2 and other snake venom toxins.
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17
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Enzymatic Mechanisms Involved in Evasion of Fungi to the Oxidative Stress: Focus on Scedosporium apiospermum. Mycopathologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Oxidative Stress Markers in Sputum. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2930434. [PMID: 26885248 PMCID: PMC4738959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2930434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although oxidative stress is thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, its assessment in clinical practice remains elusive. In recent years, it has been conceptualized that oxidative stress markers in sputum should be employed to monitor oxidative processes in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cystic fibrosis (CF). In this review, the use of sputum-based oxidative markers was explored and potential clinical applications were considered. Among lipid peroxidation-derived products, 8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde have been the most frequently investigated, while nitrosothiols and nitrotyrosine may serve as markers of nitrosative stress. Several studies have showed higher levels of these products in patients with asthma, COPD, or CF compared to healthy subjects. Marker concentrations could be further increased during exacerbations and decreased along with recovery of these diseases. Measurement of oxidized guanine species and antioxidant enzymes in the sputum could be other approaches for assessing oxidative stress in pulmonary patients. Collectively, even though there are promising findings in this field, further clinical studies using more established detection techniques are needed to clearly show the benefit of these measurements in the follow-up of patients with inflammatory airway diseases.
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19
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Nichols DP, Chmiel JF. Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50 Suppl 40:S39-56. [PMID: 26335954 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The host inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease has long been recognized as a central pathological feature and an important therapeutic target. Indeed, many believe that bronchiectasis results largely from the oxidative and proteolytic damage comprised within an exuberant airway inflammatory response that is dominated by neutrophils. In this review, we address the longstanding argument of whether or not the inflammatory response is directly attributable to impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator or only secondary to airway obstruction and chronic bacterial infection and challenge the importance of this distinction in the context of therapy. We also review the centrality of neutrophils in CF lung pathophysiology and highlight more recent data that suggest the importance of other cell types and signaling beyond NF-κB activation. We discuss how protease and redox imbalance are critical factors in CF airway inflammation and end by reviewing some of the more promising therapeutic approaches now under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - James F Chmiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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20
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Antus B, Drozdovszky O, Barta I, Kelemen K. Comparison of Airway and Systemic Malondialdehyde Levels for Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Cystic Fibrosis. Lung 2015; 193:597-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Quon BS, Dai DLY, Hollander Z, Ng RT, Tebbutt SJ, Man SFP, Wilcox PG, Sin DD. Discovery of novel plasma protein biomarkers to predict imminent cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Thorax 2015; 71:216-22. [PMID: 25777587 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the significant morbidity and mortality related to pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF), there remains no reliable predictor of imminent exacerbation. OBJECTIVE To identify blood-based biomarkers to predict imminent (<4 months from stable blood draw) CF pulmonary exacerbations using targeted proteomics. METHODS 104 subjects provided plasma samples when clinically stable and were randomly split into discovery (n=70) and replication (n=34) cohorts. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) was used to measure 117 peptides (79 proteins) from plasma. Plasma proteins with differential abundance between subjects who did versus did not develop an imminent exacerbation were analysed and proteins with fold difference >1.5 between the groups were included in an MRM-MS classifier model to predict imminent exacerbations. Performance characteristics were compared with clinical predictors and candidate plasma protein biomarkers. RESULTS Six proteins were included in the final MRM-MS protein panel. The area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of imminent exacerbations was highest for the MRM-MS protein panel (AUC 0.74) in comparison to FEV1% predicted (AUC 0.55) and the top candidate plasma protein biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (AUC 0.61) and interleukin-6 (AUC 0.60). The MRM-MS protein panel performed similarly in the replication cohort (AUC 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Using MRM-MS, a six-protein panel measured from plasma can distinguish individuals with versus without an imminent exacerbation. With further replication and assay development, this biomarker panel may be clinically applicable for prediction of exacerbations in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Quon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darlene L Y Dai
- PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Hollander
- PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond T Ng
- PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S F Paul Man
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pearce G Wilcox
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Seegmiller AC. Abnormal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis: biochemical mechanisms and clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16083-99. [PMID: 25216340 PMCID: PMC4200767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited multi-organ disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Patients with this disease exhibit characteristic abnormalities in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids in blood and tissue. Recent studies have uncovered an underlying biochemical mechanism for some of these changes, namely increased expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases. Among other effects, this drives metabolism of linoeate to arachidonate. Increased desaturase expression appears to be linked to cystic fibrosis mutations via stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the absence of functional CFTR protein. There is evidence that these abnormalities may contribute to disease pathophysiology by increasing production of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, of which arachidonate is a key substrate. Understanding these underlying mechanisms provides key insights that could potentially impact the diagnosis, clinical monitoring, nutrition, and therapy of patients suffering from this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Seegmiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 4918B TVC, 1301 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37027, USA.
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Nguyen T, Baker JM, Obeid J, Raha S, Parise G, Pedder L, Timmons BW. The effects of resting and exercise serum from children with cystic fibrosis on C2C12 myoblast proliferation in vitro. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/6/e12042. [PMID: 24944290 PMCID: PMC4208655 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is a clinical symptom in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the effects on skeletal muscle development are unknown. The aims of this study were to determine (1) the effects of systemic factors from children with CF and healthy controls on myoblast proliferation, and (2) whether exercise serum can have an effect on proliferation in vitro. Eleven children with CF and 11 biological age-matched controls completed two 30-min bouts of cycling at an intensity set at 50% peak mechanical power. Serum samples were collected before exercise (REST), immediately following exercise (EX), and after 60 min of recovery (REC). Serum samples prepared in group-specific pools were used for cell culture experiments. C2C12 myoblasts were incubated in 5% serum and media for 1 h and then immediately harvested for protein and mRNA analysis, or incubated in growth media for 2 days to examine proliferation. C2C12 myoblasts treated with CF serum displayed greater proliferation phenotype than myoblasts treated with control serum. Proliferation did not change with EX or REC serum from children with CF compared to CF REST serum, while proliferation was increased with EX and REC serum from control compared to control REST serum. These findings suggest that systemic factors from children with CF at rest and after exercise can alter myoblast proliferation responses when compared to systemic factors from healthy children, which may have implications on skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen
- Child Health & Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff M Baker
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joyce Obeid
- Child Health & Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Pedder
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health & Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Kortz L, Dorow J, Ceglarek U. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of eicosanoids and related lipids in human biological matrices: a review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:1-11. [PMID: 24583205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Today, there is an increasing number of liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methods for the analysis of eicosanoids and related lipids in biological matrices. An overview of currently applied LC-MS/MS methods is given with attention to sample preparation strategies, chromatographic separation including ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and chiral separation, as well as to mass spectrometric detection using multiple reacting monitoring (MRM). Further, the application in recent clinical research is reviewed with focus on preanalytical aspects prior to LC-MS/MS analysis as well as applications in major diseases of Western civilization including respiratory diseases, diabetes, cancer, liver diseases, atherosclerosis, and neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kortz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Dorow
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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26
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Fila L, Grandcourtová A, Chládek J, Musil J. Oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis patients with Burkholderia cenocepacia airway colonization: relation of 8-isoprostane concentration in exhaled breath condensate to lung function decline. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 59:217-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reid DW, Latham R, Lamont IL, Camara M, Roddam LF. Molecular analysis of changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa load during treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2013; 12:688-99. [PMID: 23706827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations (PEs) of cystic fibrosis (CF) usually target Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Insights into the CF lung microbiome have questioned this approach. We used RT-qPCR to determine whether intravenous antibiotics reduced P. aeruginosa numbers and whether this correlated with improved lung function. We also investigated antibiotic effects on other common respiratory pathogens in CF. METHODS Sputa were collected from patients when stable and again during a PE. Sputa were expectorated into a RNA preservation buffer for RNA extraction and preparation of cDNA. qPCR was used to enumerate viable P. aeruginosa as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Aspergillus fumigatus. RESULTS Fifteen CF patients were followed through 21 PEs. A complete set of serial sputum samples was unavailable for two patients (three separate PEs). P. aeruginosa numbers did not increase immediately prior to a PE, but numbers during intravenous antibiotic treatment were reduced ≥4-log in 6/18 and ≥1-log in 4/18 PEs. In 7/18 PEs, P. aeruginosa numbers changed very little with intravenous antibiotics and one patient demonstrated a ≥2-log increase in P. aeruginosa load. H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were detected in ten and five PEs respectively, but with antibiotic treatment these bacteria rapidly became undetectable in 6/10 and 4/5 PEs, respectively. There was a negative correlation between P. aeruginosa numbers and FEV1 during stable phase (r(s)=0.75, p<0.05), and reductions in P. aeruginosa load with intravenous antibiotic treatment correlated with improved FEV1 (r(s)=0.52, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exacerbations are not due to increased P. aeruginosa numbers in CF adults. However, lung function improvements correlate with reduced P. aeruginosa burden suggesting that current antibiotic treatment strategies remain appropriate in most patients. Improved understanding of PE characterised by unchanged P. aeruginosa numbers and minimal lung function improvement following treatment may allow better targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Reid
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Application of metabolomics approaches to the study of respiratory diseases. Bioanalysis 2013; 4:2265-90. [PMID: 23046268 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the global unbiased analysis of all the small-molecule metabolites within a biological system, under a given set of conditions. These methods offer the potential for a holistic approach to clinical medicine, as well as improving disease diagnosis and understanding of pathological mechanisms. Respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder are increasing globally, with the latter predicted to become the third leading cause of global mortality by 2020. The root causes for disease onset remain poorly understood and no cures are available. This review presents an overview of metabolomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of respiratory diseases, including the design of metabolomics experiments, choice of clinical material collected and potentially confounding experimental factors. Particular challenges in the field are presented and placed within the context of the future of the applications of metabolomics approaches to the study of respiratory diseases.
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Sputum neutrophils in cystic fibrosis patients display a reduced respiratory burst. J Cyst Fibros 2012; 12:352-62. [PMID: 23267772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data exist on the functional activity of airway neutrophils in the milieu of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. We assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by sputum neutrophils and the relationship to neutrophil viability. Identical assessments were made on peripheral blood neutrophils from CF patients. METHODS ROS production in sputum neutrophils was assessed in 31 CF patients at varying phases of clinical disease using flow cytometry. Twenty patients provided blood samples (including 16 who also provided a matched sputum sample). Neutrophil viability was determined using dual annexin V (apoptosis) and propidium iodide (necrosis) staining. Comparative peripheral blood data were obtained from 7 healthy controls. RESULTS ROS production was reduced in sputum compared to blood neutrophils and they demonstrated a higher level of necrosis. Subpopulations of neutrophils with different ROS production capacity were apparent in peripheral blood. Lung function was positively associated with both the proportion of blood neutrophils demonstrating increased ROS production and the proportion of apoptotic sputum neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS CF airway neutrophils display functional exhaustion. Healthier lungs in CF appear to be associated with subpopulations of blood neutrophils with increased oxidative burst capacity and evidence for increased neutrophil apoptosis within the airway.
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Yang J, Eiserich JP, Cross CE, Morrissey BM, Hammock BD. Metabolomic profiling of regulatory lipid mediators in sputum from adult cystic fibrosis patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:160-71. [PMID: 22580336 PMCID: PMC3412514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Retained respiratory tract (RT) secretions, infection, and exuberant inflammatory responses are core abnormalities in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Factors contributing to the destructive CF airway inflammatory processes remain incompletely characterized. The pro-oxidative inflammatory CF RT milieu is known to contain enzymatically and nonenzymatically produced regulatory lipid mediators, a panel of structurally defined oxidized metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids known to play a role in pathology related to inflammation. Using an extraction protocol that maximizes recoveries of sputum-spiked deuterated standards, coupled with an LC/MS/MS detection system, this study presents a metabolomic method to assess a broad spectrum of regulatory lipid mediators in freshly obtained sputum from CF patients. A broad range of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators was detected, including PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, LTB4, 6-trans-LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE, 12-HETE, 8-HETE, 9-HETE, 5-HETE, EpETrEs, diols, resolvin E1, 15-deoxy-PGJ2, and LXA4. The vast majority of these oxylipins have not been reported previously in CF RT secretions. Whereas direct associations of individual proinflammatory lipid mediators with compromised lung function (FEV-1) were observed, the relationships were not robust. However, multiple statistical analyses revealed that the regulatory lipid mediators profile taken in aggregate proved to have a stronger association with lung function in relatively stable outpatient adult CF patients. Our data reveal a relative paucity of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator lipoxin A4 in CF sputum. Patients displaying detectable levels of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator resolvin E1 demonstrated a better lung function compared to those patients with undetectable levels. Our data suggest that comprehensive metabolomic profiling of regulatory lipid mediators in CF sputum should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CF RT inflammatory pathobiology. Further studies are required to determine the extent to which nutritional or pharmacological interventions alter the regulatory lipid mediators profile of the CF RT and the impact of potential modulations of RT regulatory lipid mediators on the clinical progression of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Baudouin-Legros M, Colas J, Moriceau S, Kelly M, Planelles G, Edelman A, Ollero M. Long-term CFTR inhibition modulates 15d-prostaglandin J2 in human pulmonary cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1009-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ahmad S, Nichols DP, Strand M, Rancourt RC, Randell SH, White CW, Ahmad A. SERCA2 regulates non-CF and CF airway epithelial cell response to ozone. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27451. [PMID: 22096575 PMCID: PMC3214057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium mobilization can regulate a wide range of essential functions of respiratory epithelium, including ion transport, ciliary beat frequency, and secretion of mucus, all of which are modified in cystic fibrosis (CF). SERCA2, an important controller of calcium signaling, is deficient in CF epithelium. We conducted this study to determine whether SERCA2 deficiency can modulate airway epithelial responses to environmental oxidants such as ozone. This could contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary exacerbations, which are important and frequent clinical events in CF. To address this, we used air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of non-CF and CF cell lines, as well as differentiated cultures of cells derived from non-CF and CF patients. We found that ozone exposure caused enhanced membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in CF airway epithelial cell lines relative to non-CF. Ozone exposure caused increased proinflammatory cytokine production in CF airway epithelial cell lines. Elevated proinflammatory cytokine production also was observed in shRNA-mediated SERCA2 knockdown cells. Overexpression of SERCA2 reversed ozone-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Ozone-induced proinflammatory cytokine production was NF-κB- dependent. In a stable NF-κB reporter cell line, SERCA2 inhibition and knockdown both upregulated cytomix-induced NF-κB activity, indicating importance of SERCA2 in modulating NF-κB activity. In this system, increased NF-κB activity was also accompanied by increased IL-8 production. Ozone also induced NF-κB activity and IL-8 release, an effect that was greater in SERCA2-silenced NF-κB-reporter cells. SERCA2 overexpression reversed cytomix-induced increased IL-8 release and total nuclear p65 in CFTR-deficient (16HBE-AS) cells. These studies suggest that SERCA2 is an important regulator of the proinflammatory response of airway epithelial cells and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
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Bäck M, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIV: Leukotriene Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Pathophysiological Functions. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:539-84. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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McGovern T, Risse PA, Tsuchiya K, Hassan M, Frigola G, Martin JG. LTD₄ induces HB-EGF-dependent CXCL8 release through EGFR activation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L808-15. [PMID: 20889674 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00438.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells release proinflammatory mediators that may contribute to airway remodeling and leukocyte recruitment. We explored the hypothesis that leukotriene D₄ (LTD₄) may trigger the release of proremodeling factors through activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). We particularly focused on the effects of LTD₄ on release of heparin-binding EGF-like factor (HB-EGF) and IL-8 (CXCL8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant that may be released downstream of EGFR activation. To address this hypothesis, both primary (NHBE) and transformed bronchial human epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were grown on an air-liquid interface and stimulated with LTD₄. HB-EGF and CXCL8 were evaluated by ELISA in cell culture supernatants. To explore the EGFR signaling pathway, we used a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, GM-6001, two selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, AG-1478 and PD-153035, an HB-EGF neutralizing antibody, and a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the EGFR. Expression of the CysLT₁ cysteinyl leukotriene receptor was demonstrated by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry in both BEAS-2B and NHBE cells. Four hours after stimulation with LTD₄, HB-EGF and CXCL8 were significantly increased in cell culture supernatant. GM-6001 and montelukast, a specific CysLT₁ receptor antagonist, blocked the LTD₄-induced increase in HB-EGF. All inhibitors/antagonists decreased LTD₄-induced CXCL8 release. siRNA against EGFR abrogated CXCL8 release following stimulation with LTD₄ and exogenous HB-EGF. These findings suggest LTD₄ induced EGFR transactivation through the release of HB-EGF in human bronchial epithelial cells with downstream release of CXCL8. These effects may contribute to epithelial-mediated airway remodeling in asthma and other conditions associated with cysteinyl leukotriene release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby McGovern
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Strandvik B. Fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:121-9. [PMID: 20673710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite identification twenty years ago of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein defective in cystic fibrosis (CF), research of this monogenetic disease has not provided an explanation for the divergent symptoms, and a treatment breakthrough is still awaited. This review discusses different aspects of disturbances in lipid metabolism seen in CF. These include increased release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cell membrane phospholipids and a low status of linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids. Recent research has explored more complicated lipid associations. Disturbances in annexins and ceramides might act in concert to explain the impact on inflammation and AA release. The connections to CFTR and between the disturbances in essential fatty acid metabolism are reviewed. The metabolic interactions, some of which might be compensating, possibly explain the difficulties in understanding the fatty acid disturbances in relation to different symptoms and their relation to the defective CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit of Public Health Nutrition, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14157 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Anderson R, Roddam L, Bettiol S, Sanderson K, Reid D. Biosignificance of bacterial cyanogenesis in the CF lung. J Cyst Fibros 2010; 9:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Gray R, Imrie M, Boyd A, Porteous D, Innes J, Greening A. Sputum and serum calprotectin are useful biomarkers during CF exacerbation. J Cyst Fibros 2010; 9:193-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Liu RM, Gaston Pravia KA. Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF-beta-mediated fibrogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1-15. [PMID: 19800967 PMCID: PMC2818240 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is the most potent and ubiquitous profibrogenic cytokine, and its expression is increased in almost all the fibrotic diseases and in experimental fibrosis models. TGF-beta increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases the concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, which mediates many of the fibrogenic effects of TGF-beta in various types of cells. A decreased GSH concentration is also observed in human fibrotic diseases and in experimental fibrosis models. Although the biological significance of GSH depletion in the development of fibrosis remains obscure, GSH and N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH, have been used in clinics for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. This review summarizes recent findings in the field to address the potential mechanism whereby oxidative stress mediates fibrogenesis induced by TGF-beta and the potential therapeutic value of antioxidant treatment in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-M Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Zhao L, Wang X, Chang Q, Xu J, Huang Y, Guo Q, Zhang S, Wang W, Chen X, Wang J. Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 627:304-12. [PMID: 19909737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-fibrotic property of neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo mucifera Gaertn. Intratracheal bleomycin administration resulted in pulmonary fibrosis 14 and 21 days posttreatment, as evidenced by increased hydroxyproline content in bleomycin group (255.77+/-97.17 microg/lung and 269.74+/-40.92 microg/lung) compared to sham group (170.78+/-76.46 microg/lung and 191.24+/-60.45 microg/lung), and the hydroxyproline was significantly suppressed (193.07+/-39.55 microg/lung and 201.08+/-71.74 microg/lung) by neferine administration (20mg/kg, b.i.d). The attenuated-fibrosis condition was also validated by histological observations. Biochemical measurements revealed that bleomycin caused a significant decrease in lung superoxidae dismutase (SOD) activity, which was accompanied with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity on the 7th and 14th days. However, neferine reversed the decrease in SOD activity as well as the increase in MDA and MPO activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radio-immunity assay showed that treatment with neferine alleviated bleomycin-induced increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and endothelin-1 in plasma or in tissue. Additionally, neferine blocked bleomycin-induced increases of NF-kappaB in nuclear extracts and TGF-beta(1) in total protein extracts of murine RAW264.7 macrophages. In summary, neferine attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The beneficial effect of neferine might be associated with its activities of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, cytokine and NF-kappaB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nichols DP, Ziady AG, Shank SL, Eastman JF, Davis PB. The triterpenoid CDDO limits inflammation in preclinical models of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L828-36. [PMID: 19700644 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00171.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is a contributor to progressive pulmonary decline. Effective and well-tolerated anti-inflammatory therapy may preserve lung function, thereby improving quality and length of life. In this paper, we assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) in preclinical models of CF airway inflammation. In our experiments, mice carrying the R117H Cftr mutation have significantly reduced airway inflammatory responses to both LPS and flagellin when treated with CDDO before inflammatory challenge. Anti-inflammatory effects observed include reduced airway neutrophilia, reduced concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and reduced weight loss. Our findings with the synthetic triterpenoids in multiple cell culture models of CF human airway epithelia agree with effects previously described in other disease models (e.g., neoplastic cells). These include the ability to reduce NF-kappaB activation while increasing nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. As these two signaling pathways appear to be pivotal in regulating the net inflammatory response in the CF airway, these compounds are a promising potential anti-inflammatory therapy for CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health K1026, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Tournoud M, Ecochard R, Iwaz J, Steghens J, Bellon G, Durieu I. Structural equations to model relationships between pulmonary function, fatty acids and oxidation in cystic fibrosis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 69:36-44. [DOI: 10.1080/00365510802287265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen DL, Bedient TJ, Kozlowski J, Rosenbluth DB, Isakow W, Ferkol TW, Thomas B, Mintun MA, Schuster DP, Walter MJ. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for lung antiinflammatory response evaluation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:533-9. [PMID: 19574441 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0501oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Few noninvasive biomarkers for pulmonary inflammation are currently available that can assess the lung-specific response to antiinflammatory treatments. Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) is a promising new method that can be used to quantify pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of FDG-PET to measure the pulmonary antiinflammatory effects of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) and recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) in a human model of experimentally-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized to receive placebo, lovastatin, or rhAPC before intrabronchial segmental endotoxin challenge. FDG-PET imaging was performed before and after endotoxin instillation. The rate of [(18)F]FDG uptake was calculated as the influx constant K(i) by Patlak graphical analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to determine leukocyte concentrations for correlation with the PET imaging results. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in K(i) in the lovastatin-treated group that was not seen in the placebo-treated group, suggesting attenuation of inflammation by lovastatin treatment despite a small decrease in BAL total leukocyte and neutrophil counts that was not statistically significant. No significant decrease in K(i) was observed in the rhAPC-treated group, correlating with a lack of change in BAL parameters and indicating no significant antiinflammatory effect with rhAPC. CONCLUSIONS FDG-PET imaging is a sensitive method for quantifying the lung-specific response to antiinflammatory therapies and may serve as an attractive platform for assessing the efficacy of novel antiinflammatory therapies at early phases in the drug development process. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00741013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine L Chen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Campus Box 8223, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Lung transplantation: does oxidative stress contribute to the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2009; 23:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lucidi V, Ciabattoni G, Bella S, Barnes PJ, Montuschi P. Exhaled 8-isoprostane and prostaglandin E(2) in patients with stable and unstable cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:913-9. [PMID: 18634869 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We measured 8-isoprostane, a biomarker of oxidative stress, and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) in exhaled breath condensate in 36 stable and 14 unstable cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and in 15 healthy age-matched controls. We studied the relationships of these eicosanoids with clinical, radiological, and systemic inflammatory parameters. Compared with controls [15.5 (11.5-17.0) pg/ml] exhaled 8-isoprostane was increased in stable CF patients [30.5 (25.3-36.0) pg/ml, P<0.001]. Unstable CF patients had higher exhaled 8-isoprostane levels [47.5 (44.0-50.0) pg/ml, P<0.001] than stable CF patients. Unlike PGE(2), exhaled 8-isoprostane was negatively correlated with FEV(1) (r=-0.67; P<0.0001; r=-0.63; P<0.02) and Shwachman score (r=-0.43, P=0.012; r=-0.58, P=0.031) and positively correlated with Chrispin-Norman score (r=0.51, P<0.002; r=0.56, P=0.039) in stable and unstable CF patients, respectively. No correlation was observed with C-reactive protein. Compared with controls [41.0 (29.0-50.0) pg/ml], exhaled PGE(2) was also elevated in stable [72.0 (64.3-81.8) pg/ml, P<0.001) and, to a greater extent, in unstable CF patients [83.0 (74.3-91.3) pg/ml, P<0.001). In patients with CF, exhaled 8-isoprostane and PGE(2) could be a useful marker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Lucidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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Innis SM, Davidson AGF. Cystic Fibrosis and Nutrition: Linking Phospholipids and Essential Fatty Acids with Thiol Metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2008; 28:55-72. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disorder among Caucasians and results from mutation in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. In addition to its multisystem clinical effects, the disease is characterized by increased proinflammatory mediators and oxidant stress, and systemic redox imbalance with reduced glutathione (GSH), together with alterations in circulating and tissue (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids, particularly a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid. The metabolism of phospholipids and fatty acids is closely related to GSH through the methionine-homocysteine cycle, in which choline via betaine provides methyl groups to regenerate S-adenosylmethionine, important in generating phosphatidylcholine and amino acid precursors for GSH. Current research focuses both on fatty acid supplementations to normalize altered (n-6) to (n-3) fatty acid balance and decrease generation of (n-6) fatty acid-derived inflammatory mediators, and strategies to improve oxidant defenses and redox balance. However, further research is needed before such strategies can be included in clinical care of individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. Innis
- Nutrition Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V5Z H4H
| | - A. George F. Davidson
- Nutrition Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V5Z H4H
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Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in basement membranes and interstitial tissues, resulting from increased synthesis or decreased degradation of ECM or both. The plasminogen activator/plasmin system plays an important role in ECM degradation, whereas the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a physiologic inhibitor of plasminogen activators. PAI-1 expression is increased in the lung fibrotic diseases and in experimental fibrosis models. The deletion of the PAI-1 gene reduces, whereas the overexpression of PAI-1 enhances, the susceptibility of animals to lung fibrosis induced by different stimuli, indicating an important role of PAI-1 in the development of lung fibrosis. Many growth factors, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as other chemicals/agents, induce PAI-1 expression in cultured cells and in vivo. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) have been shown to mediate the induction of PAI-1 by many of these stimuli. This review summarizes some recent findings that help us to understand the role of PAI-1 in the development of lung fibrosis and ROS/RNS in the regulation of PAI-1 expression during fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Jacquot J, Tabary O, Le Rouzic P, Clement A. Airway epithelial cell inflammatory signalling in cystic fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1703-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapy aimed at combating excessive lung inflammation should benefit patients with cystic fibrosis. This article reviews anti-inflammatory strategies, focusing on new evidence published since 2006. RECENT FINDINGS Use of oral corticosteroids was associated with benefit in an epidemiological study but they are still not recommended; high dose inhaled corticosteroids may cause harm (effect on growth), but they can safely be withdrawn in many patients. Some small beneficial effect of ibuprofen was seen in a multicentre study, but it is unlikely that this will change practice. Altering the imbalance seen in fatty acid metabolism with omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation may be helpful but therapeutic benefit is not yet proven. Combating cysteinyl leukotrienes has potential but benefit remains to be proved. The beneficial effect of macrolides has been confirmed in patients with milder disease, but caution is needed because of emerging resistance patterns. Renewed research interest in antiproteases has not demonstrated any significant benefit. SUMMARY The ideal therapeutic drug, with the optimal balance of benefit and harm, is not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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