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Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Hanaoka N, Uchio E. Evaluation of anti-adenoviral effects of the polyvinyl alcohol iodine ophthalmic solution. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68:64-69. [PMID: 37966563 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-023-01027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the virucidal effects of a polyvinyl alcohol iodine, Saniode, against 16 types of human mastadenovirus (HAdV) causing ophthalmic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and systemic infections. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory investigation METHODS: Fifty microliters of Saniode were exposed to 10 μL each containing HAdV virus stock solution of 1 × 106 copies/μL of HAdV-1, -2, -3, -4, 5, -6, -7, -8, -11, -37, -53, -54, -56, -64, -81, and -85 for 10 s, 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min. After neutralization with 0.5% sodium thiosulfate, the mixture was diluted by ten-fold serial dilution and inoculated into 24 wells containing confluent A549 cell monolayers. Virucidal effects were calculated relative to the positive control on days 7-10 and observed until 30 days post-infection. RESULTS Saniode satisfied the EN-14476 criterion for virucidal effects (>99.99%) for all HAdV types at all exposure times, including at 10 s on days 7 to 10 post-infection. All types of HAdVs that reacted for > 1 min achieved 99.99% reduction, including after 30 days. CONCLUSION Saniode displayed virucidal effects against all tested HAdV types. Currently, with no specific medication available for HAdVs in ocular infection, this could be an option to prevent the spread of keratoconjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tsukahara-Kawamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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2
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Kaneko H, Hanaoka N, Konagaya M, Kobayashi M, Nakagawa H, Hatano H, Ikuta K, Sekiryu T, Fujimoto T. Five Cases of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Due to Human Adenovirus Type 85 in Fukushima, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:316-319. [PMID: 32350223 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisatoshi Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.,Hobara Eye clinic, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Masami Konagaya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazufumi Ikuta
- Division of Microbiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Tetsuju Sekiryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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3
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Hanaoka N, Nojiri N, Takahashi K, Yoshida E, Fujimoto T. Evaluation of the Anti-Adenoviral Activity of ALTANT, an Ozonated Alcohol Disinfectant. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:349-353. [PMID: 32350225 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seven human mastadenovirus (HAdV) species (A-G) are known with more than 100 reported types. HAdV is highly resistant to common hand sanitizers. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever are caused by HAdV, which can be explosively transmitted in a confined space, resulting in outbreaks, such as nosocomial infections. Given the absence of an antiviral agent against the HAdV infection, it is important to prevent the spread of the infection by using disinfectants. Ozone has already been well-known for its bactericidal and virucidal effects. ALTANT is an ozonated alcohol preparation developed by E-TECH Co., Ltd. (Kobe, Hyogo, Japan). In this study, we mixed ALTANT with different HAdV types at a ratio of 9:1 and determined HAdV viability after instantaneous reactions for varying periods (flash to 5 minutes) using the TCID50 assay. The assay results demonstrated that the HAdV viability decreased by 1/10 to 1/100 within 1 minute after the reaction; additionally, slight differences in the reactivity were observed among the HAdV types. HAdV viability decreased by a factor of > 4log10, and the virus was eliminated within 3 minutes. This study demonstrated the potent HAdV disinfection effect of ALTANT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Hanaoka
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Naomi Nojiri
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Takahashi
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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4
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Kaneko H, Hanaoka N, Konagaya M, Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Kobayashi M, Nakagawa H, Hatano H, Ikuta K, Fujimoto T. Conjunctivitis Due to the Human Adenovirus Type 2 Variant Identified during Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Surveillance in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72:353-355. [PMID: 31366858 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisatoshi Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.,Hobara Eye clinic
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masami Konagaya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazufumi Ikuta
- Division of Microbiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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5
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Takahashi K, Fujimoto T, Hanaoka N, Tamura M, Suzuki Y, Sugihara S. Useful manifestations to detect adenovirus in children with upper respiratory infections: A retrospective study. J Med Virol 2019; 94:582-586. [PMID: 31021428 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 1 million adenovirus immunochromatography (IC) kits are annually used in Japan. However, no practical strategies have been developed regarding their use for detecting adenovirus. The present study aims to verify the usefulness of clinical manifestations in making decisions regarding the use of adenovirus IC kits for children with upper respiratory infections (URI). METHODS The medical records of 825 pediatric cases tested by IC kits for adenovirus were extracted from clinical laboratory department database over a 3-year period at our hospital. Among them, 585 patients were suspected adenovirus URI, and their clinical manifestations were reviewed. After data cleaning, 10 types of clinical manifestations were statistically analyzed between adenovirus IC kit-positive and -negative groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to select significant clinical manifestations using adenovirus IC kit positivity as the objective variable. RESULTS Among 585 pediatric patients, the cases of 420 patients, with suitable data for whom no other pathogen was detected, were reviewed. Adenovirus was detected in 86 cases. Multivariate analysis identified a significant difference for three clinical manifestations: (1) fever ≥ 39.0°C, (2) rhinorrhea, and (3) tonsillar exudate. The negativity rate for the IC kit was 90% when none of the three manifestations was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that IC kits for adenovirus tend to give negative results in cases that lack all the three above mentioned clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin Matsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin Matsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Sugihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Hanaoka N, Ito S, Konagaya M, Nojiri N, Yasuda M, Fujimoto T, Deguchi T. Infectious human adenoviruses are shed in urine even after disappearance of urethral symptoms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212434. [PMID: 30840641 PMCID: PMC6402629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urethritis is a common sexually transmitted disease, and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been found to be associated with nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis. However, the level and viability of HAdV in the urine of patients with urethritis remain unclear. Methods Male patients with urethritis and an asymptomatic group were screened using their First-void urine (FVU) for urethritis-related pathogens to identify those with HAdV DNA. FVU and gargle fluid were collected from all patients including from those in the asymptomatic group. A swab of eye discharge was also collected from patients with eye symptoms. The pharyngeal and/ or ocular fluid was also screened only in cases in which FVU was positive for HAdV DNA. HAdVs were isolated using A549 cell lines and typed by sequencing, and viral shedding during 2 years was quantified using real-time PCR. The prevalence of HAdV was assessed in the urethritis and asymptomatic groups, and viral load, isolated HAdV types, and urethral symptoms were compared between the groups. Results The positive detection rate of HAdV DNA was significantly higher in the urethritis group than in the asymptomatic group. Of 398 patients with urethritis, HAdV was isolated in all 32 cases (23 cases in which only HAdV DNA was detected with a mean of 2 × 109 copies/mL in urine samples). Of 124 control cases, one had HAdV monoinfection. The most frequently detected HAdV type was 56, followed by types 37 and 64. Regarding the relationship between symptoms and isolated HAdVs, the virus was isolated for up to 12 days after urethritis symptoms disappeared. Conclusions HAdVs were significantly detected and isolated from the FVU of patients with urethritis. Furthermore, high levels of infectious HAdVs are excreted in urine for a long period even after urethritis symptoms disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Masami Konagaya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Nojiri
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yasuda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Deguchi
- Department of Urology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Gifu, Japan
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7
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Migita H, Ueno T, Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Saeki Y, Hanaoka N, Fujimoto T, Uchio E. Evaluation of adenovirus amplified detection of immunochromatographic test using tears including conjunctival exudate in patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:815-820. [PMID: 30826875 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated a novel silver amplification immunochromatography test for rapid detection of adenovirus (AdV) antigen equipped with an automated reader system using tears including conjunctival exudate in patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. METHODS Two kinds of immunochromatographic (IC) kits, a conventional IC kit for conjunctival scrapings (control kit) and an IC kit using tears including conjunctival exudate collected by pressing a filter paper strip on the conjunctiva (test kit), were tested on 90 patients who attended Migita Eye Clinic with suspected adenoviral conjunctivitis. The results of the test kits were automatically obtained by a specific reader, which was based on silver amplification immunochromatography system, in 15 min. The detection of AdV was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and typing was performed by direct sequencing. Comparative dilution assay was carried out with the two kits, using AdV type 3 and type 54 strains. RESULTS The sensitivity of the control kit and test kit was 89.8% and 98.3%, respectively. The specificity of both kits was 100%. A significant difference in the sensitivities of the two IC kits against PCR positivity was observed (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was found between AdV DNA copy numbers on a logarithmic scale obtained with the two tests (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the test kit was 32-64-fold higher than that of the control kit without silver amplification for both AdV types. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that this novel amplified AdV detection kit using tears including conjunctival exudate is useful, because it decreases patients' discomfort from specimen collection and its sensitivity is significantly higher than that of the conventional IC kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Migita
- Migita Eye Clinic, 2-15-13 Harisuri-Chuo, Chikushino, 818-0083, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsukahara-Kawamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saeki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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8
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Fujimoto T, Hanaoka N, Konagaya M, Kobayashi M, Nakagawa H, Hatano H, Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Uchio E, Kaneko H. Evaluation of a silver-amplified immunochromatography kit for adenoviral conjunctivitis. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1030-1035. [PMID: 30659635 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and evaluate the sensitivity of a newly developed silver-amplified immunochromatography (SAI) kit with various immunochromatography (IC) kits for adenoviruses based on the detection limit (copies/test). METHODS An SAI kit and four ophthalmic IC kits were evaluated. The detection limits of the five kits were determined using the limiting dilution method for 15 conjunctivitis-associated adenoviruses (adenoviruses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 37, 53, 54, 56, 64, 81, and 85). The detection limits were presented as numerical values as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The detection limit of the SAI kit for the adenovirus types ranged from 1.0 × 103 -5.0 × 10 4 copies/test (geometric mean, 4.7 × 10 3 ). SAI had a 10-250-fold lower detection limit than the four IC kits for all adenoviruses studied. There were also differences in detection limits among the adenovirus types for each kit. DISCUSSION The detection limit of the SAI kit was drastically reduced because the silver-amplification reaction increased the color development sensitivity. The results revealed the high sensitivity of SAI for detecting adenoviruses and suggested its usefulness for conjunctivitis examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Konagaya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tomoko Tsukahara-Kawamura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hobara Eye Clinic, Date, Japan
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9
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Li PH, Zheng PP, Zhang TF, Wen GY, Shao HB, Luo QP. Fowl adenovirus serotype 4: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2630-2640. [PMID: 28498980 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype-4 is highly pathogenic for chickens, especially for broilers aged 3 to 5 wk, and it has emerged as one of the foremost causes of economic losses to the poultry industry in the last 30 years. The liver is a major target organ of FAdV-4 infections, and virus-infected chickens usually show symptoms of hydropericardium syndrome. The virus is very contagious, and it is spread both vertically and horizontally. It can be isolated from infected liver homogenates and detected by several laboratory diagnostic methods (including an agar gel immunodiffusion test, indirect immunofluorescence assays, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, restriction endonuclease analyses, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and high-resolution melting-curve analyses). Although inactivated vaccines have been deployed widely to control the disease, attenuated live vaccines and subunit vaccines also have been developed, and they are more attractive vaccine candidates. This article provides a comprehensive review of FAdV-4, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - P P Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - T F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - G Y Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - H B Shao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Q P Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
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10
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Uemura T, Migita H, Ueno T, Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Saeki Y, Fujimoto T, Uchio E. Clinical and virological analysis of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 54 in a regional ophthalmic clinic in Kyushu, Japan. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:511-517. [PMID: 29593376 PMCID: PMC5863712 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s148264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenovirus type 54 (HAdV-54) is a novel type of adenovirus that belongs to species D and has thus far been detected only in Japan in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). There was a large nationwide outbreak of HAdV-54 EKC from 2015 to 2016 in Japan. The clinical characteristics of an outbreak of HAdV-54 conjunctivitis treated in a regional ophthalmic clinic in Fukuoka, Japan, in 2016 were analyzed. Patients and methods A consecutive series of 55 cases diagnosed clinically as EKC confirmed by HAdV-54 detection from conjunctival scrapings by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method between 17 June 2016 and 29 August 2016 were enrolled. Viral DNA copies were counted by real-time PCR method. The clinical findings were recorded at the first visit to the clinic and evaluated. Results In the analysis of the relationship between mean clinical score groups and several factors, such as days after onset, sex, HAdV DNA number on a logarithmic scale, and age, most factors did not show a significant difference in clinical score between groups. However, mean clinical score of cases aged <23 years was significantly higher than that of cases aged ≥23 years (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between DNA copies on a logarithmic scale and clinical score was 0.280, and a significant correlation was observed (P<0.05). Multiple subepithelial corneal infiltrates (MSI) were observed in 24 out of 31 cases (77%). Conclusion These results suggested that the clinical features in the early phase of HAdV-54 keratoconjunctivitis were milder but the rate of MSI observed in the late phase was higher than those in previous epidemics of several HAdV types. The significant difference in clinical severity between age groups might be a virological characteristic of HAdV-54.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uemura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsukahara-Kawamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saeki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Comprehensive detection of pathogens in immunocompromised children with bloodstream infections by next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3784. [PMID: 29491477 PMCID: PMC5830625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows us to analyze comprehensively and quantitatively all microorganisms present in a clinical sample. Thirty-five pediatric patients (12 with BSI and 23 with suspected BSI/negative blood culture) were enrolled. Plasma/serum samples were used for sequencing and the results were compared with those from blood culture. Sequencing reads of bacteria isolated in blood culture were identified by NGS in all plasma/serum samples at disease onset. Bacteria isolated in blood culture were identical to the dominant bacteria by NGS in 8 of 12 patients. Bacterial reads per million reads of the sequence depth (BR) > 200 and relative importance values of the dominant bacteria (P1) > 0.5 were employed to determine causative pathogens. Causative pathogens were detected using these criteria in 7 of 12 patients with BSI. Additionally, causative bacteria were detected in the plasma/serum at 7 days before disease onset in two patients with catheter-related BSI. Causative pathogens, including virus, were identified in three patients with suspected BSI. Lastly, a total of 62 resistance genes were detected by NGS. In conclusion, NGS is a new method to identify causative microorganisms in BSI and may predict BSI in some patients.
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12
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Abstract
Adenoviruses are a highly prevalent infection that can cause a range of clinical syndromes in immunocompromised patients, ranging from localized disease of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or urinary tract to disseminated disease. Adenovirus infections may develop in this unique population as the result of primary infection or reactivation of latent virus. Disease can be potentially progressive with high rates of mortality in patients with pneumonia and disseminated disease. Fortunately, cidofovir and its lipid ester, brincidofovir, appear to be effective for the treatment of adenovirus, although neither is specifically approved for this indication. Adenovirus should always be considered when immunocompromised patients present with any clinical syndrome that could be compatible with adenoviral infection. Once disease is suspected, cultures or molecular testing of appropriate specimens should be obtained and blood should be sent for adenovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) whenever adenovirus is suspected. Monitoring of quantitative viral loads in blood is helpful in predicting response to therapy with a significant drop (>1 log) associated with a higher probability of clinical response.
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13
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Kawashima N, Muramatsu H, Okuno Y, Torii Y, Kawada JI, Narita A, Nakanishi K, Hama A, Kitamura A, Asai N, Nakamura S, Takahashi Y, Ito Y, Kojima S. Fulminant adenovirus hepatitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Retrospective real-time PCR analysis for adenovirus DNA in two cases. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:857-63. [PMID: 26423689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infection is one of the major causes of mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Systemic infection of adenovirus (AdV) has emerged as a not uncommon viral infection with significant morbidity and mortality as with cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Routine surveillance for these viruses has become a clinical practice and subsequent preemptive therapy improves patients' outcomes; however, the effectiveness of preemptive therapy for AdV has not been fully investigated in patients with a lethal form of AdV infection. METHODS Sequential AdV loads were retrospectively analyzed in children with fulminant AdV hepatitis after HSCT. RESULTS The AdV DNA became detectable (1 × 10(4) copies/mL) as early as 2 weeks after HSCT. These levels reached >1 × 10(8) copies/mL at the onset of fulminant hepatitis. However, we determined that γ-glutamyltransferase levels were elevated to >100 IU/L at least 2 weeks before the diagnosis of hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS Our observation raises the possibility that elevated γ-glutamyltransferase could be a sentinel marker for AdV hepatitis, which prompts elaborated monitoring of AdV load and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Torii
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Kitamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Silva RCD, Mendes GDS, Rojas MA, Amorim AR, Couceiro JN, Lupi O, Elabras J, Pires G, Valle S, Santos N. Frequency of viral etiology in symptomatic adult upper respiratory tract infections. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 19:30-5. [PMID: 25307684 PMCID: PMC7185460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine the frequency of viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in non-hospitalized, symptomatic adults in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Methods Respiratory samples (nasal/throat swabs) were collected between August 2010 and November 2012 and real time PCR was used to detect different viral pathogens. Results Viruses were detected in 32.1% (43/134) of samples from 101 patients. Specifically, 9% (12/134) were positive for HBoV, 8.2% (11/134) were positive for HAdV, 5.2% (7/134) were positive for HRV, and 1.5% (2/134) were positive for FLUBV or HMPV, as single infections. HRSV-A, HPIV-3, and HCoV-HKU1 were detected in one (0.75%) sample each. Co-infections were detected in 4.8% (6/134) of the samples. Peaks of viral infections were observed in March, April, May, August, and October. However, positive samples were detected all year round. Only 23.3% (10/43) of the positive samples were collected from patients with febrile illness. Conclusion Results presented in this report suggest that respiratory viral infections are largely under diagnosed in immunocompetent adults. Although the majority of young adult infections are not life-threatening they may impose a significant burden, especially in developing countries since these individuals represent a large fraction of the working force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cirlene da Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriella da Silva Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Rojas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ariane Ribeiro Amorim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Nelson Couceiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Omar Lupi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Elabras
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele Pires
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Solange Valle
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Real-time PCR assay for universal detection and quantitation of all five species of fowl adenoviruses (FAdV-A to FAdV-E). J Virol Methods 2012; 183:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Li K, Gao H, Gao L, Qi X, Qin L, Gao Y, Xu Y, Wang X. Development of TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detection and quantitation of reticuloendotheliosis virus. J Virol Methods 2012; 179:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Ersoy Y, Otlu B, Türkçüoğlu P, Yetkin F, Aker S, Kuzucu C. Outbreak of adenovirus serotype 8 conjunctivitis in preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2011; 80:144-9. [PMID: 22154781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks have rarely been reported in preterm infants. An outbreak of adenovirus conjunctivitis occurred between 15 January and 25 February at a neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey. AIM To describe the evolution, investigation and management of the outbreak. METHODS Adenovirus type 8 was identified in 14 samples by polymerase chain reaction analysis. A case-control study was performed to determine the risk factors. FINDINGS Fifteen preterm neonates, five healthcare workers (HCWs) and four parents suffered from conjunctivitis signs such as lacrimation, swelling and redness of the eye. A retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examination was found to be the most important risk factor for adenovirus conjunctivitis (odds ratio: 17.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-163.0; P=0.012). The eyelid speculum (blepharostat) used during the ROP examination was not sterilized between each patient and was found to be the cause of contamination. CONCLUSION The outbreak was controlled by measures such as barrier precautions, hand hygiene, sterilization of the blepharostat, suspending patient transfer to other units, and excluding infected HCWs for at least 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ersoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
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Ito M, Suga T, Akiyoshi K, Nukuzuma S, Kon-no M, Umegaki Y, Kohdera U, Ihara T. Detection of measles virus RNA on SYBR green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:611-5. [PMID: 20337982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the coverage rate of the measles vaccine increases, not all patients present the typical symptoms of measles after exposure to the measles virus (MV). The virus loads in clinical specimens from patients with vaccine-modified non-typical measles are expected to be low compared with those of primary MV infection. A rapid and sensitive laboratory procedure is required for diagnosis of measles. METHODS SYBR Green (TaKaRa) and TaqMan (ABI) real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed to detect MV-RNA. For the real-time RT-PCR, primer sets were designed from a region of the MV H gene of the Edmonston strain (genotype A). A TaqMan probe specific for the H gene of genotype D MV was used. The minimum detectable level of MV-RNA in the SYBR Green and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assays was evaluated using synthetic MV-RNA. The sensitivity of real-time RT-PCR was compared with that of nested RT-PCR and the virus isolation method using throat swabs and peripheral blood samples from patients with measles. RESULTS The minimum detectable level of RNA was 10 and 10(2) copies for SYBR Green RT-PCR and TaqMan RT-PCR, respectively. Ten-10(6) copies of standard RNA were linearly detected on SYBR Green RT-PCR. The sensitivity of SYBR Green RT-PCR was equal to that of nested RT-PCR. MV-RNA was detected in virus isolation-negative throat swabs on SYBR Green RT-PCR. CONCLUSION SYBR Green RT-PCR is a highly sensitive, rapid, and useful diagnostic procedure for the detection of MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ito
- Kyoto City Institute of Health and Environment Science, Nakagyo, Kyoto, Japan.
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19
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Li F, Feng L, Liu Y, Zhen X, Chen L. An integrated cell culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for determining titers of functional and infectious adenoviruses. Anal Biochem 2009; 391:157-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Detection and quantitation of fowl adenovirus genome by a real-time PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2009; 159:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Mehta N, Trzmielina S, Nonyane BAS, Eliot MN, Lin R, Foulkes AS, McNeal K, Ammann A, Eulalievyolo V, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Somasundaran M. Low-cost HIV-1 diagnosis and quantification in dried blood spots by real time PCR. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5819. [PMID: 19503790 PMCID: PMC2688035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid and cost-effective methods for HIV-1 diagnosis and viral load monitoring would greatly enhance the clinical management of HIV-1 infected adults and children in limited-resource settings. Recent recommendations to treat perinatally infected infants within the first year of life are feasible only if early diagnosis is routinely available. Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper are an easy and convenient way to collect and transport blood samples. A rapid and cost effective method to diagnose and quantify HIV-1 from DBS is urgently needed to facilitate early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy. Methods and Findings We have developed a real-time LightCycler (rtLC) PCR assay to detect and quantify HIV-1 from DBS. HIV-1 RNA extracted from DBS was amplified in a one-step, single-tube system using primers specific for long-terminal repeat sequences that are conserved across all HIV-1 clades. SYBR Green dye was used to quantify PCR amplicons and HIV-1 RNA copy numbers were determined from a standard curve generated using serially diluted known copies of HIV-1 RNA. This assay detected samples across clades, has a dynamic range of 5 log10, and %CV <8% up to 4 log10 dilution. Plasma HIV-1 RNA copy numbers obtained using this method correlated well with the Roche Ultrasensitive (r = 0.91) and branched DNA (r = 0.89) assays. The lower limit of detection (95%) was estimated to be 136 copies. The rtLC DBS assay was 2.5 fold rapid as well as 40-fold cheaper when compared to commercial assays. Adaptation of the assay into other real-time systems demonstrated similar performance. Conclusions The accuracy, reliability, genotype inclusivity and affordability, along with the small volumes of blood required for the assay suggest that the rtLC DBS assay will be useful for early diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric HIV-1 infection in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishaki Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sonia Trzmielina
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bareng A. S. Nonyane
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa N. Eliot
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rongheng Lin
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea S. Foulkes
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kristina McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arthur Ammann
- Global Strategies for HIV Prevention, San Rafael, California, United States of America
| | | | - John L. Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine Luzuriaga
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohan Somasundaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Watanabe M, Nakagawa N, Ito M, Ihara T. Sensitivity of rapid immunoassay for influenza A and B in the early phase of the disease. Pediatr Int 2009; 51:211-5. [PMID: 19405918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunochromatography (IC) tests are often used for the rapid diagnosis of influenza. Once influenza is diagnosed, an anti-influenza drug can be administered. Physicians claim, however, that they are not sufficiently sensitive, especially in the early phase of the disease. The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze the sensitivity of the IC test from the standpoint of virology. METHODS To evaluate the sensitivity of the IC test statistically, 736 nasopharyngeal specimens were subjected to the IC test and virus isolation (VI). The IC test (+) specimens were compared with VI (+) specimens in the early phase after fever onset. Amounts of the virus in IC(-)VI(+) specimens were compared with those in IC(+)VI(+) specimens on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The isolated viruses from these specimens were subjected to the IC test at the same dose. The nucleotide sequences of NP genes were compared. RESULTS The IC test was less sensitive for diagnosis in the early phase of the disease. Amounts of virus were significantly lower in IC(-)VI(+) specimens than in IC(+)VI(+) specimens. No variations were observed in the isolated viruses. CONCLUSIONS The IC test is not sufficiently sensitive owing to the low amount of virus in the nasopharyngeal tract in the early phase of the disease. Influenza should be diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms within 1 day after the fever onset.
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FUJIMOTO T, ENOMOTO M, KONAGAYA M, TANIGUCHI K. Usefulness of Flocked Swabs for Sample Collection of Adenovirus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 83:398-400. [DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.83.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguto FUJIMOTO
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Miki ENOMOTO
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Masami KONAGAYA
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Kiyosu TANIGUCHI
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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Linden E, Cai W, He JC, Xue C, Li Z, Winston J, Vlassara H, Uribarri J. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease results from advanced glycation end products (AGE)-mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through RAGE activation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:691-8. [PMID: 18256374 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04291007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Advanced glycation end products, known pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative compounds that accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease, may play a major role in their high prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease. This study examined the association of advanced glycation end product accumulation with cellular receptor for advanced glycation end product expression and endothelial dysfunction as well as the mechanisms of this association in chronic kidney disease. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A cross-sectional study was conducted of ambulatory patients without diabetes and with different stages of chronic kidney disease (n = 51), compared with gender- and age-matched healthy subjects. Fasting blood was obtained for measurement of advanced glycation end products and mRNA receptor for advanced glycation end product expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Endothelial reactivity was assessed by the microcirculatory response to local ischemia (postocclusive reactive hyperemia) and local hyperthermia (thermal hyperemia). Sera were pooled and passed through affinity columns to separate advanced glycation end product-rich fractions, which were incubated with human aortic endothelial cells, with or without blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end product, to measure their effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS Glomerular filtration rate correlated with serum advanced glycation end product, mRNA receptor for advanced glycation end product levels, postocclusive reactive hyperemia, and thermal hyperemia. Serum advanced glycation end product correlated with receptor for advanced glycation end product and inversely with postocclusive reactive hyperemia. Advanced glycation end product-rich fractions from chronic kidney disease sera suppressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression of human aortic endothelial cells compared with sera from healthy subjects, an effect abrogated by receptor for advanced glycation end product blockade. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time an association of excess advanced glycation end product burden with increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA receptor for advanced glycation end product and in vivo endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease may be partly mediated by advanced glycation end product-induced inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through receptor for advanced glycation end product activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellena Linden
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Yates MV, Malley J, Rochelle P, Hoffman R. Effect of adenovirus resistance on UV disinfection requirements: A report on the state of adenovirus science. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The employment of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for virus detection and quantification offers the advantages of high sensitivity and reproducibility, combined with an extremely broad dynamic range. A number of qualitative and quantitative PCR virus assays have been described, but commercial PCR kits are available for quantitative analysis of a limited number of clinically important viruses only. In addition to permitting the assessment of viral load at a given time point, quantitative PCR tests offer the possibility of determining the dynamics of virus proliferation, monitoring of the response to treatment and, in viruses displaying persistence in defined cell types, distinction between latent and active infection. Moreover, from a technical point of view, the employment of sequential quantitative PCR assays in virus monitoring helps identifying false positive results caused by inadvertent contamination of samples with traces of viral nucleic acids or PCR products. In this review, we provide a survey of the current state-of-the-art in the application of the real-time PCR technology to virus analysis. Advantages and limitations of the RQ-PCR methodology, and quality control issues related to standardization and validation of diagnostic assays are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T. Lion
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 1 40470 489; fax: +43 1 40470 437.
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