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Barkovich KJ, Gibson AC, Brahmbhatt S, Tadisetty S, Wilds EC, Nelson LW, Gupta M, Gedaly R, Khurana A. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of renal masses in the pre-transplant setting: literature review with case highlights. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04366-w. [PMID: 38900316 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
With the rising incidence of chronic kidney disease worldwide, an increasing number of patients are expected to require renal transplantation, which remains the definitive treatment of end stage renal disease. Medical imaging, primarily ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT and/or MRI, plays a large role in pre-transplantation assessment, especially in the characterization of lesions within the native kidneys. However, patients with CKD/ESRD often have relative contraindications to CT- and MR-contrast agents, limiting their utilization within this patient population. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), which combines the high temporal and spatial resolution of ultrasonography with intravascular microbubble contrast agents, provides a promising alternative. This review aims to familiarize the reader with the literature regarding the use of CEUS in the evaluation of cystic and solid renal lesions and provide case examples of its use at our institution in the pre-transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amanda C Gibson
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Sneh Brahmbhatt
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sindhura Tadisetty
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Emory C Wilds
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Leslie W Nelson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Meera Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Aman Khurana
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Qiu Y, Liao Y, Zhang J, Ye Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Xin J, Lv S, Peng H. Exploring the role of coagulation-related genes in renal cell carcinoma: Implications for tumor microenvironment and prognostic biomarkers. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 110:108082. [PMID: 38663187 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) frequently progresses to advanced stages due to tumor thrombus (TTs) formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of coagulation-related pathway activation in the progression of ccRCC. METHODS Consensus clustering was used to identify coagulation-related molecular clusters of ccRCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. The function of coagulation and its correlation with the immune microenvironment were investigated. Protein-protein interactions and differential expression analysis were used to identify the key gene, which was verified by external experiments. The coagulation-associated risk score was constructed by cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Notable disparities were detected in immune characteristics, prognostic differentiation and drug sensitivity between two coagulation-related clusters. Through the integration of clinical stage significance and protein-protein interactions, the key gene MMP9 was screened and it was significantly correlated with CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and Treg cells. A coagulation-related risk score prognostic model was developed in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort for risk stratification and prognosis prediction. The prognostic predictive values of the coagulation-related risk score were further authenticated in both TCGA-KIRC and E-MTAB-1980 cohorts. CONCLUSION There is an obvious correlation between the coagulation and the tumor microenvironment in ccRCC. As a key coagulation-related gene, MMP9 may promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma by influencing immune infiltration of CD8+T cells and Treg cells. Additionally, the risk score could be used as a durable prognostic biomarker, which could assist in clinical decision making for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qiu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanpeng Liao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, No.89 Qixing Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, China
| | - Yuedian Ye
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongshu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Yibin Health School, Yibin, Sichuang, China
| | - Jiaai Zhang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghan Xin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shidong Lv
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongmei Peng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Brooks ER, Siriruchatanon M, Prabhu V, Charytan DM, Huang WC, Chen Y, Kang SK. Chronic kidney disease and risk of kidney or urothelial malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:1023-1033. [PMID: 38037426 PMCID: PMC11139511 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 11% of US adults. Multiple studies have evaluated a potential association between CKD and urinary tract malignancies. Summary estimates of urinary tract malignancy risk in CKD patients with and without common co-existing conditions may guide clinical practice recommendations. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched for original cohort studies evaluating the association between CKD and urinary tract cancers (kidney cancer and urothelial carcinoma) through 25 May 2023, in persons with at least moderate CKD and no dialysis or kidney transplantation. Quality assessment was performed for studies meeting inclusion criteria using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis with a random-effects model was performed for unadjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) as well as adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for confounding conditions (diabetes, hypertension and/or tobacco use), shown to have association with kidney cancer and urothelial carcinoma. Sub-analysis was conducted for estimates associated with CKD stages separately. RESULTS Six cohort studies with 8 617 563 persons were included. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was good. CKD was associated with both higher unadjusted incidence and adjusted hazard of kidney cancer (IRR 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.32-4.88; aHR 2.04, 95% CI 1.77-2.36) and urothelial cancer (IRR 3.96, 95% CI 2.44-6.40; aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.22-1.50) compared with persons without CKD. Examining incident urinary tract cancers by CKD severity, risks were elevated in stage 3 CKD (kidney aHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.56-2.30; urothelial carcinoma aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20-1.52) as well as in stages 4/5 CKD (kidney cancer aHR 2.30, 95% CI 2.00-2.66; urothelial carcinoma aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.49). CONCLUSIONS Even moderate CKD is associated with elevated risk of kidney cancer and urothelial carcinoma. Providers should consider these elevated risks when managing individuals with CKD, particularly when considering evaluation for the presence and etiology of hematuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Brooks
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vinay Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Charytan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - William C Huang
- Department of Urology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stella K Kang
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Purdue MP, Dutta D, Machiela MJ, Gorman BR, Winter T, Okuhara D, Cleland S, Ferreiro-Iglesias A, Scheet P, Liu A, Wu C, Antwi SO, Larkin J, Zequi SC, Sun M, Hikino K, Hajiran A, Lawson KA, Cárcano F, Blanchet O, Shuch B, Nepple KG, Margue G, Sundi D, Diver WR, Folgueira MAAK, van Bokhoven A, Neffa F, Brown KM, Hofmann JN, Rhee J, Yeager M, Cole NR, Hicks BD, Manning MR, Hutchinson AA, Rothman N, Huang WY, Linehan WM, Lori A, Ferragu M, Zidane-Marinnes M, Serrano SV, Magnabosco WJ, Vilas A, Decia R, Carusso F, Graham LS, Anderson K, Bilen MA, Arciero C, Pellegrin I, Ricard S, Scelo G, Banks RE, Vasudev NS, Soomro N, Stewart GD, Adeyoju A, Bromage S, Hrouda D, Gibbons N, Patel P, Sullivan M, Protheroe A, Nugent FI, Fournier MJ, Zhang X, Martin LJ, Komisarenko M, Eisen T, Cunningham SA, Connolly DC, Uzzo RG, Zaridze D, Mukeria A, Holcatova I, Hornakova A, Foretova L, Janout V, Mates D, Jinga V, Rascu S, Mijuskovic M, Savic S, Milosavljevic S, Gaborieau V, Abedi-Ardekani B, McKay J, Johansson M, Phouthavongsy L, Hayman L, Li J, Lungu I, Bezerra SM, Souza AG, Sares CTG, Reis RB, Gallucci FP, Cordeiro MD, Pomerantz M, Lee GSM, Freedman ML, Jeong A, Greenberg SE, Sanchez A, Thompson RH, Sharma V, Thiel DD, Ball CT, Abreu D, Lam ET, Nahas WC, Master VA, Patel AV, Bernhard JC, Freedman ND, Bigot P, Reis RM, Colli LM, Finelli A, Manley BJ, Terao C, Choueiri TK, Carraro DM, Houlston R, Eckel-Passow JE, Abbosh PH, Ganna A, Brennan P, Gu J, Chanock SJ. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of kidney cancer identifies 63 susceptibility regions. Nat Genet 2024; 56:809-818. [PMID: 38671320 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Here, in a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis of kidney cancer (29,020 cases and 835,670 controls), we identified 63 susceptibility regions (50 novel) containing 108 independent risk loci. In analyses stratified by subtype, 52 regions (78 loci) were associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 6 regions (7 loci) with papillary RCC. Notably, we report a variant common in African ancestry individuals ( rs7629500 ) in the 3' untranslated region of VHL, nearly tripling clear cell RCC risk (odds ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 2.23-3.30). In cis-expression quantitative trait locus analyses, 48 variants from 34 regions point toward 83 candidate genes. Enrichment of hypoxia-inducible factor-binding sites underscores the importance of hypoxia-related mechanisms in kidney cancer. Our results advance understanding of the genetic architecture of kidney cancer, provide clues for functional investigation and enable generation of a validated polygenic risk score with an estimated area under the curve of 0.65 (0.74 including risk factors) among European ancestry individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Diptavo Dutta
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Timothy Winter
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aoxing Liu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel O Antwi
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stênio C Zequi
- Department of Urology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation INCIT-INOTE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin American Renal Cancer Group, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maxine Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Hajiran
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Keith A Lawson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavio Cárcano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Brian Shuch
- Department of Urology, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth G Nepple
- Department of Urology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Margue
- Department of Urology, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria A A K Folgueira
- Departments of Radiology and Oncology, Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology-C2PO, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Kevin M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jongeun Rhee
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathan R Cole
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michelle R Manning
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy A Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Sérgio V Serrano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Vilas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Decia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Laura S Graham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyra Anderson
- Oncology Clinical Research Support Team, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cletus Arciero
- Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Solène Ricard
- Department of Urology, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rosamonde E Banks
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Department of Oncology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Naeem Soomro
- Department of Urology, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adebanji Adeyoju
- Department of Urology, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK
| | - Stephen Bromage
- Department of Urology, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK
| | - David Hrouda
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Norma Gibbons
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Poulam Patel
- Division of Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Sullivan
- Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Protheroe
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca I Nugent
- Department of Urology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Komisarenko
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Eisen
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia A Cunningham
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Denise C Connolly
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Biosample Repository Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Department of Urology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Zaridze
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anush Mukeria
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hornakova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, National Center for Environmental Risk Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Urology Department, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Urology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirjana Mijuskovic
- Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavisa Savic
- Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Center Dr Dragisa Misovic Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Milosavljevic
- International Organisation for Cancer Prevention and Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valérie Gaborieau
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - James McKay
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Larry Phouthavongsy
- Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hayman
- Diagnostic Development Program, Tissue Portal, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Li
- Diagnostic Development Program, Tissue Portal, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilinca Lungu
- Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Diagnostic Development Program, Tissue Portal, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aline G Souza
- Departments of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia T G Sares
- Departments of Surgery and Anatomy, Division of Urology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B Reis
- Departments of Surgery and Anatomy, Division of Urology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabio P Gallucci
- Surgery Department, Urology Division, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio D Cordeiro
- Surgery Department, Urology Division, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gwo-Shu M Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anhyo Jeong
- Department of Urology, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha E Greenberg
- Department of Population Sciences, Genetic Counseling Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Vidit Sharma
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David D Thiel
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Colleen T Ball
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Diego Abreu
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elaine T Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William C Nahas
- Surgery Department, Urology Division, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pierre Bigot
- Department of Urology, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Rui M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Leandro M Colli
- Departament of Medical Image, Hematology and Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon J Manley
- Genitourinary Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirce M Carraro
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, CIPE (International Research Center), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Philip H Abbosh
- Department of Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Cellina M, Irmici G, Pepa GD, Ce M, Chiarpenello V, Alì M, Papa S, Carrafiello G. Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence in Renal Lesion Assessment. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:65-75. [PMID: 38505882 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiomics, the extraction and analysis of quantitative features from medical images, has emerged as a promising field in radiology with the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of renal lesions. This comprehensive review explores the radiomics workflow, including image acquisition, feature extraction, selection, and classification, and highlights its application in differentiating between benign and malignant renal lesions. The integration of radiomics with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, can help patients' management and allow the planning of the appropriate treatments. AI models have shown remarkable accuracy in predicting tumor aggressiveness, treatment response, and patient outcomes. This review provides insights into the current state of radiomics and AI in renal lesion assessment and outlines future directions for research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Cellina
- Radiology Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Piazza Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Irmici
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Della Pepa
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ce
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Chiarpenello
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alì
- Radiology Unit, CDI, Centro Diagnostico Italiano, 20147 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Papa
- Radiology Unit, CDI, Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Via Simone Saint Bon, 20, 20147 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Policlinico di Milano Ospedale Maggiore, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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6
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Alchahin AM, Tsea I, Baryawno N. Recent Advances in Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing of Primary and Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4734. [PMID: 37835428 PMCID: PMC10571653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with a shift towards adopting new treatment approaches ranging from monotherapy to triple-combination therapy. This progress has been spearheaded by fundamental technological advancements that have allowed a deeper understanding of the various biological components of this cancer. In particular, the rapid commercialization of transcriptomics technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies, has played a crucial role in accelerating this understanding. Through precise measurements facilitated by these technologies, the research community has successfully identified and characterized diverse tumor, immune, and stromal cell populations, uncovering their interactions and pathways involved in disease progression. In localized ccRCC, patients have shown impressive response rates to treatment. However, despite the emerging findings and new knowledge provided in the field, there are still patients that do not respond to treatment, especially in advanced disease stages. One of the key challenges lies in the limited study of ccRCC metastases compared to localized cases. This knowledge gap may contribute to the relatively low survival rates and response rates observed in patients with metastatic ccRCC. To bridge this gap, we here delve into recent research utilizing scRNA-seq technologies in both primary and metastatic ccRCC. The goal of this review is to shed light on the current state of knowledge in the field, present existing treatment options, and emphasize the crucial steps needed to improve survival rates, particularly in cases of metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ninib Baryawno
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 10000-19999 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.M.A.); (I.T.)
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7
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Trasierras AM, Luna JM, Ventura S. A contrast set mining based approach for cancer subtype analysis. Artif Intell Med 2023; 143:102590. [PMID: 37673572 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The task of detecting common and unique characteristics among different cancer subtypes is an important focus of research that aims to improve personalized therapies. Unlike current approaches mainly based on predictive techniques, our study aims to improve the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that descriptively led to cancer, thus not requiring previous knowledge to be validated. Here, we propose an approach based on contrast set mining to capture high-order relationships in cancer transcriptomic data. In this way, we were able to extract valuable insights from several cancer subtypes in the form of highly specific genetic relationships related to functional pathways affected by the disease. To this end, we have divided several cancer gene expression databases by the subtype associated with each sample to detect which gene groups are related to each cancer subtype. To demonstrate the potential and usefulness of the proposed approach we have extensively analysed RNA-Seq gene expression data from breast, kidney, and colon cancer subtypes. The possible role of the obtained genetic relationships was further evaluated through extensive literature research, while its prognosis was assessed via survival analysis, finding gene expression patterns related to survival in various cancer subtypes. Some gene associations were described in the literature as potential cancer biomarkers while other results have been not described yet and could be a starting point for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Trasierras
- Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, IMIBIC, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain; Phytoplant Research S.L.U, Departamento Tecnología y Control, Rabanales 21-Parque Científico Tecnológico de Córdoba, Calle Astrónoma Cecilia Payne, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J M Luna
- Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, IMIBIC, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - S Ventura
- Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, IMIBIC, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
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8
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Aldin A, Besiroglu B, Adams A, Monsef I, Piechotta V, Tomlinson E, Hornbach C, Dressen N, Goldkuhle M, Maisch P, Dahm P, Heidenreich A, Skoetz N. First-line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD013798. [PMID: 37146227 PMCID: PMC10158799 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013798.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the treatment landscape for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed fundamentally. Today, combined therapies from different drug categories have a firm place in a complex first-line therapy. Due to the large number of drugs available, it is necessary to identify the most effective therapies, whilst considering their side effects and impact on quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the benefits and harms of first-line therapies for adults with advanced RCC, and to produce a clinically relevant ranking of therapies. Secondary objectives were to maintain the currency of the evidence by conducting continuous update searches, using a living systematic review approach, and to incorporate data from clinical study reports (CSRs). SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, conference proceedings and relevant trial registries up until 9 February 2022. We searched several data platforms to identify CSRs. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating at least one targeted therapy or immunotherapy for first-line treatment of adults with advanced RCC. We excluded trials evaluating only interleukin-2 versus interferon-alpha as well as trials with an adjuvant treatment setting. We also excluded trials with adults who received prior systemic anticancer therapy if more than 10% of participants were previously treated, or if data for untreated participants were not separately extractable. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All necessary review steps (i.e. screening and study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and certainty assessments) were conducted independently by at least two review authors. Our outcomes were overall survival (OS), QoL, serious adverse events (SAEs), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), the number of participants who discontinued study treatment due to an AE, and the time to initiation of first subsequent therapy. Where possible, analyses were conducted for the different risk groups (favourable, intermediate, poor) according to the International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium Score (IMDC) or the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria. Our main comparator was sunitinib (SUN). A hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) lower than 1.0 is in favour of the experimental arm. MAIN RESULTS We included 36 RCTs and 15,177 participants (11,061 males and 4116 females). Risk of bias was predominantly judged as being 'high' or 'some concerns' across most trials and outcomes. This was mainly due to a lack of information about the randomisation process, the blinding of outcome assessors, and methods for outcome measurements and analyses. Additionally, study protocols and statistical analysis plans were rarely available. Here we present the results for our primary outcomes OS, QoL, and SAEs, and for all risk groups combined for contemporary treatments: pembrolizumab + axitinib (PEM+AXI), avelumab + axitinib (AVE+AXI), nivolumab + cabozantinib (NIV+CAB), lenvatinib + pembrolizumab (LEN+PEM), nivolumab + ipilimumab (NIV+IPI), CAB, and pazopanib (PAZ). Results per risk group and results for our secondary outcomes are reported in the summary of findings tables and in the full text of this review. The evidence on other treatments and comparisons can also be found in the full text. Overall survival (OS) Across risk groups, PEM+AXI (HR 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 to 1.07, moderate certainty) and NIV+IPI (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00, moderate certainty) probably improve OS, compared to SUN, respectively. LEN+PEM may improve OS (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.03, low certainty), compared to SUN. There is probably little or no difference in OS between PAZ and SUN (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.32, moderate certainty), and we are uncertain whether CAB improves OS when compared to SUN (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.64, very low certainty). The median survival is 28 months when treated with SUN. Survival may improve to 43 months with LEN+PEM, and probably improves to: 41 months with NIV+IPI, 39 months with PEM+AXI, and 31 months with PAZ. We are uncertain whether survival improves to 34 months with CAB. Comparison data were not available for AVE+AXI and NIV+CAB. Quality of life (QoL) One RCT measured QoL using FACIT-F (score range 0 to 52; higher scores mean better QoL) and reported that the mean post-score was 9.00 points higher (9.86 lower to 27.86 higher, very low certainty) with PAZ than with SUN. Comparison data were not available for PEM+AXI, AVE+AXI, NIV+CAB, LEN+PEM, NIV+IPI, and CAB. Serious adverse events (SAEs) Across risk groups, PEM+AXI probably increases slightly the risk for SAEs (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.85, moderate certainty) compared to SUN. LEN+PEM (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.19, moderate certainty) and NIV+IPI (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.97, moderate certainty) probably increase the risk for SAEs, compared to SUN, respectively. There is probably little or no difference in the risk for SAEs between PAZ and SUN (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.31, moderate certainty). We are uncertain whether CAB reduces or increases the risk for SAEs (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.43, very low certainty) when compared to SUN. People have a mean risk of 40% for experiencing SAEs when treated with SUN. The risk increases probably to: 61% with LEN+PEM, 57% with NIV+IPI, and 52% with PEM+AXI. It probably remains at 40% with PAZ. We are uncertain whether the risk reduces to 37% with CAB. Comparison data were not available for AVE+AXI and NIV+CAB. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Findings concerning the main treatments of interest comes from direct evidence of one trial only, thus results should be interpreted with caution. More trials are needed where these interventions and combinations are compared head-to-head, rather than just to SUN. Moreover, assessing the effect of immunotherapies and targeted therapies on different subgroups is essential and studies should focus on assessing and reporting relevant subgroup data. The evidence in this review mostly applies to advanced clear cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Aldin
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burcu Besiroglu
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Piechotta
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eve Tomlinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carolin Hornbach
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Dressen
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marius Goldkuhle
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Dahm
- Urology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Special Urological and Robot-assisted Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Kumar S, Virarkar M, Vulasala SSR, Daoud T, Ozdemir S, Wieseler C, Vincety-Latorre F, Gopireddy DR, Bhosale P, Lall C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Virtual Biopsy of Common Solid Renal Masses-A Pictorial Review. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023; 47:186-198. [PMID: 36790908 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The expanded application of radiologic imaging resulted in an increased incidence of renal masses in the recent decade. Clinically, it is difficult to determine the malignant potential of the renal masses, thus resulting in complex management. Image-guided biopsies are the ongoing standard of care to identify molecular variance but are limited by tumor accessibility and heterogeneity. With the evolving importance of individualized cancer therapies, radiomics has displayed promising results in the identification of tumoral mutation status on routine imaging. This article discusses how magnetic resonance imaging features can guide a radiologist toward identifying renal mass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Kumar
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mayur Virarkar
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Sai Swarupa R Vulasala
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Taher Daoud
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Savas Ozdemir
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Carissa Wieseler
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Dheeraj R Gopireddy
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Priya Bhosale
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chandana Lall
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
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10
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CXCR3 Expression Is Associated with Advanced Tumor Stage and Grade Influencing Survival after Surgery of Localised Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041001. [PMID: 36831346 PMCID: PMC9954014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the standard treatment in localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Pembrolizumab is now approved for adjuvant therapy in high-risk patients. However, inhomogeneity of studies gives ambiguity which patient benefit most from adjuvant therapy. A high infiltration of CD8+ T cells is known to be linked with poor prognosis in RCC. CXCR3 is a key player of CD8+ T cell differentiation and infiltration. We aimed to evaluate CXCR3 as a potential marker for predicting recurrence. METHODS CXCR3 and immune cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD68 and FoXP3) were measured on RCC samples by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining. Cellular localization of CXCR3 was evaluated using single-cell RNA analysis on a publicly available dataset. RESULTS Tumor samples of 42 RCC patients were analyzed, from which 59.5% were classified as clear-cell RCC and of which 20 had recurrence. Single-cell RNA analysis revealed that CXCR3 was predominantly expressed in intratumoral T cells and dendritic cells. CXCR3 expression was higher in advanced tumors stages (p = 0.0044) and grade (p = 0.0518), correlating significantly with a higher CD8+ T cell expression (p < 0.001). Patients with CXCR3high RCCs had also a significant shorter RFS compared to CXCR3low (median: 78 vs. 147 months, p = 0.0213). In addition, also tumor stage pT3/4 (p < 0.0001) as well as grade G3/4 (p = 0.0008) negatively influenced RFS. CONCLUSION CXCR3high cell density was associated with high T cell infiltration and advanced tumor stage, worsening RFS in surgically resected RCC patients. Beside its prognostic value, CXCR3 might be a predictive biomarker to guide therapy decision for adjuvant therapy in localized RCC.
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11
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Wakle DU, Choudhury S, Chakraborty S, Ganguly A, Pal DK. Evaluation of renal space occupying lesions with multiparametric MRI and its correlation with histopathology findings- an observational study. Urologia 2023; 90:42-50. [PMID: 36314948 DOI: 10.1177/03915603221131733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The term multiparametric MRI, is a useful tool in reference to an approach that takes advantage of the added value of different MR imaging acquisitions to yield anatomic and pathophysiologic information about renal space occupying lesions and to evaluate patients with different tumors, including genitourinary malignancies. The role of multiparametric MRI is continuously growing because of its ability to detect and characterize renal space occupying lesions as well as to assess response to treatment. An observational study was carried out in 50 patients who presented with renal mass, based on clinical suspicion and prior imaging diagnosis of neoplastic renal space occupying lesion. Total renal space occupying lesions were 50, of which, 38 were males & 12 were females. The age range of the study population was 30-80 years. In our study, Agreement analysis between mpMRI diagnosis and HPE diagnosis of different RCC subtypes was statistically significant. So, multiparametric MRI had a role in differentiating the subtypes of RCC which had fair agreement with HPE. The present study results state that the renal mass lesions has different ADC values for different lesions because of the change in tissue contents and there was a statistically significant difference in ADC values between low and high-stage RCCs. Histologic and radiologic profiles of renal space occupying lesions and diverse subtypes of RCC can be used as biologic indicators of clinical behavior, response to treatment, and prognosis.
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12
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Radiofrequency Ablation, Cryoablation, and Microwave Ablation for the Treatment of Small Renal Masses: Efficacy and Complications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030388. [PMID: 36766493 PMCID: PMC9914157 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades the detection rate of small renal masses has increased, due to improving diagnostic accuracy, and nephron-sparing treatments have become the first-choice curative option for small renal masses. As a minimally invasive alternative, thermal ablation has increased in popularity, offering a good clinical outcome and low recurrence rate. Radiofrequency ablation, Cryoablation, and Microwave ablation are the main ablative techniques. All of them are mostly overlapping in term of cancer specific free survival and outcomes. These techniques require imaging study to assess lesions features and to plan the procedure: US, CT, and both of them together are the leading guidance alternatives. Imaging findings guide the interventional radiologist in assessing the risk of complication and possible residual disease after procedure. The purpose of this review is to compare different ablative modalities and different imaging guides, underlining the effectiveness, outcomes, and complications related to each of them, in order to assist the interventional radiologist in choosing the best option for the patient.
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13
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The Role of CT Imaging in Characterization of Small Renal Masses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030334. [PMID: 36766439 PMCID: PMC9914376 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small renal masses (SRM) are increasingly detected incidentally during imaging. They vary widely in histology and aggressiveness, and include benign renal tumors and renal cell carcinomas that can be either indolent or aggressive. Imaging plays a key role in the characterization of these small renal masses. While a confident diagnosis can be made in many cases, some renal masses are indeterminate at imaging and can present as diagnostic dilemmas for both the radiologists and the referring clinicians. This review focuses on CT characterization of small renal masses, perhaps helping us understand small renal masses. The following aspects were considered for the review: (a) assessing the presence of fat, (b) assessing the enhancement, (c) differentiating renal tumor subtype, and (d) identifying valuable CT signs.
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14
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Desai S, Rac G, Patel HD, Gupta GN. Imaging Features of Renal Masses to Select Optimal Candidates for Tumor Enucleation Partial Nephrectomy. Curr Urol Rep 2022; 23:345-353. [PMID: 36350529 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-022-01121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper was to critically evaluate preoperative findings that optimally select candidates for renal tumor enucleation partial nephrectomy. RECENT FINDINGS Tumor enucleation has been widely accepted as a management option for patients with chronic kidney disease, hereditary renal cell carcinoma, or multifocal disease. Recent evidence suggests safety and efficacy in the management of routine small renal masses. With recent advances in imaging, the literature for ruling out aggressive renal cell carcinoma and selection for tumor enucleation is robust. As the incidence of renal cell carcinoma rises, partial nephrectomy continues to be the mainstay of treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma. Tumor enucleation maximizes preservation of renal parenchyma without hindering oncologic outcomes. It is important to recognize key tumor radiologic findings which urologists may use to optimize patient selection for tumor enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin Desai
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Avenue, Fahey Center, Room 241, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Goran Rac
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Avenue, Fahey Center, Room 241, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Hiten D Patel
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Avenue, Fahey Center, Room 241, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Gopal N Gupta
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Avenue, Fahey Center, Room 241, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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15
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Chrabańska M, Rynkiewicz M, Kiczmer P, Drozdzowska B. Immunohistochemical Expression of CD44, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Ki-67 as the Prognostic Markers in Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas-A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175196. [PMID: 36079127 PMCID: PMC9457518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is the most frequently reported marker of the cancer stem cells in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 are key regulators of tumor invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic and prognostic values of the immunohistochemical expression of CD44, MMP2, MMP9, and Ki-67 in papillary and chromophobe RCCs. In the case of papillary RCC, MMP-2 expression was positively correlated with patient age (p < 0.05), while CD44 expression was positively correlated with tumor stage (τ = 0.26, p < 0.05). Moreover, CD44 expression positively correlated with MMP-9 (τ = 0.39, p < 0.05). In the case of chromophobe RCC, only Ki-67 expression was negatively correlated with tumor stage (τ = −0.44, p < 0.05). During follow-up, a death was documented in 6 patients with papillary RCC. In these patients, CD44 expression was not a significant factor affecting the overall survival of patients (p > 0.05), whereas there was a positive correlation between increased MMP-9 expression and shorter overall survival (p < 0.05). Taken together, carcinogenesis in papillary RCC is probably dependent on both cancer stem cells and metalloproteinases activity. Expression of CD44 and MMP-9 can significantly improve the prediction of papillary RCC prognosis in the future.
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16
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Chai D, Shi SY, Sobhani N, Ding J, Zhang Z, Jiang N, Wang G, Li M, Li H, Zheng J, Bai J. IFI35 Promotes Renal Cancer Progression by Inhibiting pSTAT1/pSTAT6-Dependent Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122861. [PMID: 35740527 PMCID: PMC9221357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced protein 35 (IFI35), is currently acknowledged to govern the virus-related immune inflammatory responses. However, the biological significance and function of IFI35 in renal cell cancer (RCC) is still not well understood. Here, IFI35 expression and function were investigated in RCC tissues, renal cancer cells, and animal models. The results showed that IFI35 expression was significantly increased in 200 specimens of RCC patients. We found that higher IFI35 levels were significantly correlated with poor RCC prognosis. In human cell lines, the knockdown of IFI35 suppressed the malignant behavior of renal cancer cells. Similarly, the IFI35 knockdown resulted in significant inhibition of tumor progression in the subcutaneous or lung metastasis mouse model. Furthermore, the knockdown of IFI35 promoted the induction of autophagy by enhancing the autophagy-related gene expression (LC3-II, Beclin-1, and ATG-5). Additionally, blockade of STAT1/STAT6 phosphorylation (pSTAT1/pSTAT6) abrogated the induced autophagy by IFI35 knockdown in renal cancer cells. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA also abolished the prevention of tumor growth by deleting IFI35 in renal cancer models. The above results suggest that the knockdown of IFI35 suppressed tumor progression of renal cancer by pSTAT1/pSTAT6-dependent autophagy. Our research revealed that IFI35 may serve as a potential diagnosis and therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shang Yuchen Shi
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China;
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jiage Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China;
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China;
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Minle Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China;
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.B.)
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17
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Expression of GOT2 Is Epigenetically Regulated by DNA Methylation and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2472-2489. [PMID: 35735610 PMCID: PMC9222030 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common and highly malignant pathological type of kidney cancer, characterized by a profound metabolism dysregulation. As part of aspartate biosynthesis, mitochondrial GOT2 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2) is essential for regulating cellular energy production and biosynthesis, linking multiple pathways. Nevertheless, the expression profile and prognostic significance of GOT2 in KIRC remain unclear. This study comprehensively analyzed the transcriptional levels, epigenetic regulation, correlation with immune infiltration, and prognosis of GOT2 in KIRC using rigorous bioinformatics analysis. We discovered that the expression levels of both mRNA and protein of GOT2 were remarkably decreased in KIRC tissues in comparison with normal tissues and were also significantly related to the clinical features and prognosis of KIRC. Remarkably, low GOT2 expression was positively associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Further analysis revealed that GOT2 downregulation is driven by DNA methylation in the promoter-related CpG islands. Finally, we also shed light on the influence of GOT2 expression in immune cell infiltration, suggesting that GOT2 may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for KIRC patients.
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18
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Shi Y, Zhang Q, Bi H, Lu M, Tan Y, Zou D, Ge L, Chen Z, Liu C, Ci W, Ma L. Decoding the multicellular ecosystem of vena caval tumor thrombus in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by single-cell RNA sequencing. Genome Biol 2022; 23:87. [PMID: 35361264 PMCID: PMC8969307 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular invasion with tumor thrombus frequently occurs in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Thrombectomy is one of the most challenging surgeries with high rate of perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms driving tumor thrombus formation are poorly understood which is required for designing effective therapy for eliminating tumor thrombus. Results We perform single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of 19 surgical tissue specimens from 8 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with tumor thrombus. We observe tumor thrombus has increased tissue resident CD8+ T cells with a progenitor exhausted phenotype compared with the matched primary tumors. Remarkably, macrophages, malignant cells, endothelial cells and myofibroblasts from TTs exhibit enhanced remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The macrophages and malignant cells from primary tumors represent proinflammatory states, but also increase the expression of immunosuppressive markers compared to tumor thrombus. Finally, differential gene expression and interaction analyses reveal that tumor-stroma interplay reshapes the extracellular matrix in tumor thrombus associated with poor survival. Conclusions Our comprehensive picture of the ecosystem of ccRCC with tumor thrombus provides deeper insights into the mechanisms of tumor thrombus formation, which may aid in the design of effective neoadjuvant therapy to promote downstaging of tumor thrombus and decrease the perioperative morbidity and mortality of thrombectomy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02651-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai Bi
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yezhen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daojia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Weimin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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19
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Identification of IL20RB as a Novel Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9443407. [PMID: 35299868 PMCID: PMC8923803 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9443407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a type of life-threatening malignant tumor of the urinary system. IL20RB, interleukin 20 receptor subunit beta, is a cytokine receptor subunit coding gene and was initially found to play a vital role in human cancers, while its role in ccRCC still remains unclear. Methods In this work, we explored the prognostic value and therapeutic potential of IL20RB in ccRCC mainly by online tools. Firstly, we used UALCAN and GEPIA to explore the expression profile and prognostic value of IL20RB in various cancers; the expression profile in tumor cell lines was also analysed with CCLE and Expression Atlas. Then, we decided to focus on ccRCC for further analysis; we further demonstrated the significant correlation between expression and clinical features by GEPIA and UALCAN. In order to reveal the potential intrinsic mechanism responsible for the upregulation of IL20RB in ccRCC, we made genetic alternation analysis and methylation analysis. cBioPortal was used for genetic alternation analysis. UALCAN, MethSurv, and Xena were used for methylation analysis. To learn details of how IL20RB might function in ccRCC, we further conducted functional analysis and immune infiltration analysis. STRING and GSEA were used to do functional analysis. TIMER was used for immune infiltration analysis; KM plotter was used for survival analysis. Results Results show that IL20RB is upregulated in ccRCC, and low methylation may be responsible for its upregulation. Both high expression and low methylation of IL20RB predict worse survival, and both have a strong positive correlation with clinical characteristics. In addition, results indicate that there exists a crosstalk between IL20RB and neutrophils. Furthermore, the immune microenvironment could influence the prognosis predicting ability of IL20RB. Conclusions In conclusion, IL20RB plays an important role in ccRCC and is identified as a novel prognostic and potential therapeutic biomarker in ccRCC.
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20
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LiKidMiRs: A ddPCR-Based Panel of 4 Circulating miRNAs for Detection of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040858. [PMID: 35205607 PMCID: PMC8869982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) significantly increases the likelihood of curative treatment, avoiding the need of adjuvant therapies, associated side effects and comorbidities. Thus, we aimed to discover circulating microRNAs that might aid in early, minimally invasive, RCC detection/diagnosis. Abstract Background: Decreased renal cell cancer-related mortality is an important societal goal, embodied by efforts to develop effective biomarkers enabling early detection and increasing the likelihood of curative treatment. Herein, we sought to develop a new biomarker for early and minimally invasive detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on a microRNA panel assessed by ddPCR. Methods: Plasma samples from patients with RCC (n = 124) or oncocytomas (n = 15), and 64 healthy donors, were selected. Hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p and hsa-miR-200b-3p levels were evaluated using a ddPCR protocol. Results: RCC patients disclosed significantly higher circulating levels of hsa-miR-155-5p compared to healthy donors, whereas the opposite was observed for hsa-miR-21-5p levels. Furthermore, hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p panels detected RCC with high sensitivity (82.66%) and accuracy (71.89%). The hsa-miR-126-3p/hsa-miR-200b-3p panel identified the most common RCC subtype (clear cell, ccRCC) with 74.78% sensitivity. Conclusion: Variable combinations of plasma miR levels assessed by ddPCR enable accurate detection of RCC in general, and of ccRCC. These findings, if confirmed in larger studies, provide evidence for a novel ancillary tool which might aid in early detection of RCC.
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21
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Liu S, Cheng Y, Wang S, Liu H. Circadian Clock Genes Modulate Immune, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pan-Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:747629. [PMID: 34977153 PMCID: PMC8717949 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.747629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pan-renal cell carcinoma (pan-RCC) is mainly divided into renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), and chromophobe cell carcinoma (KICH). Pan-RCC is a common malignant neoplasm with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Several studies have demonstrated a close association between cancer development and circadian rhythms; however, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of the clock gene remain unclear in pan-RCC. Methods: In this study, we systematically characterized the alterations of 15 well-known clock genes of three types of kidney cancer. Bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, survival analysis, signing pathway analysis, co-expression network analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis were used to study the diagnosis, prognostic role, and mechanism of clock genes. Results: Thirteen rhythmic genes fluctuated in circadian rhythm in the kidney tissue of mice, and the opposite trend of these rhythm phases was also found in baboons. There are twelve clock genes that were differentially expressed in at least two types of RCC, of which NR1D1, DBP, BHLHE40, CRY1, and CLOCK had the same trend in RCC. Changes in clock control genes may be regulated through methylation, copy number, and mutations. Five rhythmic genes, including PER2, DBP, PER3, CRY2, and RORA, have significant prognostic role in patient survival in at least two types of kidney cancer. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the expression of these rhythmic genes related to prognosis was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Pathway analysis suggests that the clock genes is widely related to cancer-related signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and other pathways. The PPI network showed that circadian genes are closely linked to cancer-related genes such as HIF-1A, TP53, and ERBB2. Moreover, clock gene expression is correlated with the sensitivity of anticancer drugs such as bleomycin and methotrexate in pan-RCC. Conclusion: Taken together, the abnormal expression of biological clock genes plays an important role in the clinical prognosis of RCC through immunity, cell cycle, and apoptosis. These findings provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis, prognosis, and drug guidance for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Liu
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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22
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YANG Z, LI M, GUO A, LIANG Y, FANG P. Imaging features and clinic value of mri and ct in diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.40520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming LI
- Henan Province Hospital of TCM, China
| | - Aiju GUO
- Henan Province Hospital of TCM, China
| | | | - Peng FANG
- Henan Province Hospital of TCM, China
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23
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Pontes O, Oliveira-Pinto S, Baltazar F, Costa M. Renal cell carcinoma therapy: Current and new drug candidates. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:304-314. [PMID: 34265458 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common and lethal tumor of the urological system. Curative treatment of localized RCC includes nephrectomy, radio-ablation, and active surveillance, whereas metastatic RCC (mRCC) requires a combination of surgery and systemic therapy. Response to conventional therapy is limited but, recently, many novel therapies for mRCC have emerged, including targeted therapies and new immunotherapeutic agents. Nevertheless, development of resistance and limited durable responses demand new anticancer candidates with improved selectivity and efficacy. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical studies of novel natural and synthetic compounds to treat RCC, detailing their mechanisms of action and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia Pontes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia Oliveira-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marta Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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24
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Costello BA, Bhavsar NA, Zakharia Y, Pal SK, Vaishampayan U, Jim H, Fishman MN, Molina AM, Kyriakopoulos CE, Tsao CK, Appleman LJ, Gartrell BA, Hussain A, Stadler WM, Agarwal N, Pachynski RK, Hutson TE, Hammers HJ, Ryan CW, Mardekian J, Borham A, George DJ, Harrison MR. A Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of Initial Treatment Choice in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Prior to the Immunotherapy Era: The MaRCC Registry Experience. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 20:1-10. [PMID: 34364796 PMCID: PMC10186183 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (MaRCC) Registry provides prospective data on real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with mRCC and no prior systemic therapy were enrolled at academic and community sites. End of study data collection was in March 2019. Outcomes included overall survival (OS). A survey of treating physicians assessed reasons for treatment initiations and discontinuations. RESULTS Overall, 376 patients with mRCC initiated first-line therapy; 171 (45.5%) received pazopanib, 75 (19.9%) sunitinib, and 74 (19.7%) participated in a clinical trial. Median (95% confidence interval) OS was longest in the clinical trial group (50.3 [35.8-not reached] months) versus pazopanib (39.0 [29.7-50.9] months) and sunitinib 26.2 [19.9-61.5] months). Non-clear cell RCC (21.5% of patients) was associated with worse median OS than clear cell RCC (18.0 vs. 47.3 months). Differences in baseline characteristics, treatment starting dose, and relative dose exposure among treatment groups suggest selection bias. Survey results revealed a de-emphasis on quality of life, toxicity, and patient preference compared with efficacy in treatment selection. CONCLUSION The MaRCC Registry gives insights into real-world first-line treatment selection, outcomes, and physician rationale regarding initial treatment selection prior to the immunotherapy era. Differences in outcomes between clinical trial and off-study patients reflect the difficulty in translating trial results to real-world patients, and emphasize the need to broaden clinical trial eligibility. Physician emphasis on efficacy over quality of life and toxicity suggests more data and education are needed regarding these endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana M Molina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Benjamin A Gartrell
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Arif Hussain
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Walter M Stadler
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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25
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Jang NR, Baek J, Ko Y, Song PH, Gu MJ. High MCM6 Expression as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 35:299-306. [PMID: 33402477 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are involved in initiation of DNA replication and cell-cycle progression. Loss of MCM function results in genomic instability and causes carcinogenesis. Among MCM genes, the role and prognostic value of MCM6 expression in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed the mRNA expression level of MCM6 using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and investigated MCM6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 238 ccRCC cases. RESULTS High MCM6 expression was significantly associated with increasing tumor size, pT, stage, tumor necrosis, and metastasis. Furthermore, high MCM6 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival, and was an independent unfavorable prognostic marker. Regarding patients with metastasis, high MCM6-expressing ccRCC conferred significantly shorter survival than for those with low expression. CONCLUSION A high MCM6 expression level may be a promising biomarker to predict tumor progression, metastasis, and survival in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu-Ri Jang
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Baek
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwii Ko
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyun Song
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea;
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26
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Hines JJ, Eacobacci K, Goyal R. The Incidental Renal Mass- Update on Characterization and Management. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 59:631-646. [PMID: 34053610 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal masses are commonly encountered on cross-sectional imaging examinations performed for nonrenal indications. Although most can be dismissed as benign cysts, a subset will be either indeterminate or suspicious; in many cases, imaging cannot be used to reliably differentiate between benign and malignant masses. On-going research in defining characteristics of common renal masses on advanced imaging shows promise in offering solutions to this issue. A recent update of the Bosniak classification (used to categorize cystic renal masses) was proposed with the goals of decreasing imaging follow-up in likely benign cystic masses, and therefore avoiding unnecessary surgical resection of such masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Hines
- Department of Radiology, Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health, 270 Park Avenue, Huntington, NY 11743, USA.
| | - Katherine Eacobacci
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Boulevard, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Riya Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Boulevard, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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27
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Guo H, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Gao Z, Zhang L, Zhou N, Guo H, Shi B. Prognostic Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatic Perspective. J Cancer 2021; 12:4134-4147. [PMID: 34093816 PMCID: PMC8176417 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in the generation, metabolism and survival of tumor. We are aimed to make a comprehensive exploration of the UPS's role in ccRCC with bioinformatic tools, which may contribute to the understanding of UPS in ccRCC, and give insight for further research. Methods: The UPS-related genes (UPSs) were collected by an integrative approach. The expression and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA database. R soft was used to perform the differentially expressed UPSs analysis, functional enrichment analysis. We also estimated prognostic value of each UPS with the help of GEPIA database. Two predicting models were constructed with the differentially expressed UPSs and prognosis-related genes, respectively. The correlations of risk score with clinical characteristics were also evaluated. Data of GSE29609 cohort were obtained from GEO database to validate the prognostic models. Results: We finally identified 91 differentially expressed UPSs, 48 prognosis related genes among them, and constructed a prognostic model with 18 UPSs successfully, the AUC was 0.760. With the help of GEPIA, we found 391 prognosis-related UPSs, accounting for 57.84% of all UPSs. Another prognostic model was constructed with 28 prognosis-related genes of them, and with a better AUC of 0.825. Additionally, our models can also stratify patients into high and low risk groups accurately in GSE29609 cohort. Similar prognostic values of our models were observed in the validated GSE29609 cohort. Conclusions: UPS is dysregulated in ccRCC. UPS related genes have significant prognostic value in ccRCC. Models constructed with UPSs are effective and applicable. An abnormal ubiquitin proteasome system should play an important role in ccRCC and be worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Guo
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yaxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengdong Gao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lekai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hu Guo
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
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Marostica E, Barber R, Denize T, Kohane IS, Signoretti S, Golden JA, Yu KH. Development of a Histopathology Informatics Pipeline for Classification and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2868-2878. [PMID: 33722896 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histopathology evaluation is the gold standard for diagnosing clear cell (ccRCC), papillary, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, interrater variability has been reported, and the whole-slide histopathology images likely contain underutilized biological signals predictive of genomic profiles. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To address this knowledge gap, we obtained whole-slide histopathology images and demographic, genomic, and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, and Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) to develop computational methods for integrating data analyses. Leveraging these large and diverse datasets, we developed fully automated convolutional neural networks to diagnose renal cancers and connect quantitative pathology patterns with patients' genomic profiles and prognoses. RESULTS Our deep convolutional neural networks successfully detected malignancy (AUC in the independent validation cohort: 0.964-0.985), diagnosed RCC histologic subtypes (independent validation AUCs of the best models: 0.953-0.993), and predicted stage I ccRCC patients' survival outcomes (log-rank test P = 0.02). Our machine learning approaches further identified histopathology image features indicative of copy-number alterations (AUC > 0.7 in multiple genes in patients with ccRCC) and tumor mutation burden. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that convolutional neural networks can extract histologic signals predictive of patients' diagnoses, prognoses, and genomic variations of clinical importance. Our approaches can systematically identify previously unknown relations among diverse data modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marostica
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Barber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Thomas Denize
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac S Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kun-Hsing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Differential Diagnosis between Oral Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Salivary Gland Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030506. [PMID: 33809250 PMCID: PMC7999008 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma, which has clear cells in 70% of cases, has a high frequency of hematogenous distant metastases to lung, bone, liver, and other areas. Metastatic cancer accounts for 1 to 3% of malignant tumors in the stomatognathic region, and the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the oral mucosal tissue, though extremely rare, does occur. In addition, clear cells have been observed in some salivary gland cancers in the oral cavity. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and salivary gland cancer is important. This review discusses the differential diagnosis between metastatic renal cell carcinoma and malignant tumors of the salivary gland.
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Dwivedi DK, Xi Y, Kapur P, Madhuranthakam AJ, Lewis MA, Udayakumar D, Rasmussen R, Yuan Q, Bagrodia A, Margulis V, Fulkerson M, Brugarolas J, Cadeddu JA, Pedrosa I. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics Analyses for Prediction of High-Grade Histology and Necrosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preliminary Experience. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:12-21.e1. [PMID: 32669212 PMCID: PMC7680717 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Percutaneous renal mass biopsy results can accurately diagnose clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, their reliability to determine nuclear grade in larger, heterogeneous tumors is limited. We assessed the ability of radiomics analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict high-grade (HG) histology in ccRCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy patients with a renal mass underwent 3 T MRI before surgery between August 2012 and August 2017. Tumor length, first-order statistics, and Haralick texture features were calculated on T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI after manual tumor segmentation. After a variable clustering algorithm was applied, tumor length, washout, and all cluster features were evaluated univariably by receiver operating characteristic curves. Three logistic regression models were constructed to assess the predictability of HG ccRCC and then cross-validated. RESULTS At univariate analysis, area under the curve values of length, and DCE texture cluster 1 and cluster 3 for diagnosis of HG ccRCC were 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.82, false discovery rate P = .008), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.59-0.84, false discovery rate P = .004), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63-0.87, false discovery rate P = .0009), respectively. At multivariable analysis, area under the curve for model 1 (tumor length only), model 2 (length + DCE clusters 3 and 4), and model 3 (DCE cluster 1 and 3) for diagnosis of HG ccRCC were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.79), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.92), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70-0.91), respectively. CONCLUSION Radiomics analysis of MRI images was superior to tumor size for the prediction of HG histology in ccRCC in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ananth J Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Matthew A Lewis
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Durga Udayakumar
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Robert Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jeffrey A Cadeddu
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Sweet DE, Ward RD, Wang Y, Tanaka H, Campbell SC, Remer EM. Infiltrative Renal Malignancies: Imaging Features, Prognostic Implications, and Mimics. Radiographics 2021; 41:487-508. [PMID: 33449838 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infiltrative renal malignancies are a subset of renal masses that are morphologically characterized by a poorly defined interface with the renal parenchyma. Infiltrative renal malignancies are less common but more aggressive than more typical renal malignancies and carry an overall worse prognosis. Although an infiltrative renal process often represents a malignant neoplasm, infiltrative masses include a wide spectrum of diseases including primary renal cortical, medullary, and pelvic tumors; lymphoproliferative processes; metastases; and various infectious, inflammatory, immune-mediated, and vascular mimics. The imaging features of these masses are often nonspecific, but with the appropriate history, laboratory results, and clinical context, the radiologist can help narrow the diagnosis and guide further treatment. An invited commentary by Lee is available online.Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sweet
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Ryan D Ward
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yanbo Wang
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Steven C Campbell
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Erick M Remer
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
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Nicolau C, Antunes N, Paño B, Sebastia C. Imaging Characterization of Renal Masses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57010051. [PMID: 33435540 PMCID: PMC7827903 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The detection of a renal mass is a relatively frequent occurrence in the daily practice of any Radiology Department. The diagnostic approaches depend on whether the lesion is cystic or solid. Cystic lesions can be managed using the Bosniak classification, while management of solid lesions depends on whether the lesion is well-defined or infiltrative. The approach to well-defined lesions focuses mainly on the differentiation between renal cancer and benign tumors such as angiomyolipoma (AML) and oncocytoma. Differential diagnosis of infiltrative lesions is wider, including primary and secondary malignancies and inflammatory disease, and knowledge of the patient history is essential. Radiologists may establish a possible differential diagnosis based on the imaging features of the renal masses and the clinical history. The aim of this review is to present the contribution of the different imaging techniques and image guided biopsies in the diagnostic management of cystic and solid renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nicolau
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.P.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalie Antunes
- Radiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, 1169-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Blanca Paño
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Sebastia
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.P.); (C.S.)
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Goldkuhle M, Aldin A, Jakob T, Adams A, Monsef I, Heidenreich A, Dahm P, Skoetz N. First-line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Goldkuhle
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Angela Aldin
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Tina Jakob
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Special Urological and Robot-assisted Surgery; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Urology Section; Minneapolis VA Health Care System; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Cancer, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Kampantais S, Kounatidis I, Kotoula V, Vakalopoulos I, Gkagkalidis K, Dimitriadis G. Decreased prolyl hydroxylase 3 mRNA expression in oncocytomas compared with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:80-86. [PMID: 33118406 DOI: 10.1177/1724600820960478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes play a central role in tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, there are currently no data regarding the behavior of this pathway (HIF/PHD) in a large number of benign renal tumors, the oncocytomas. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression levels of these factors between ccRCC and oncocytoma tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 fresh frozen specimens from patients with ccRCC and 14 oncocytoma specimens were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to assess the expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3. The analysis involved both fresh frozen tumor samples as well as adjacent normal kidney tissues. RESULTS In ccRCC, HIF-1α and HIF-2α levels were upregulated in 65.5% and 71.4% of cases, respectively. PHD3 was downregulated only in 15.4% of the ccRCC cases, in contrast with oncocytoma cases, which exhibited low expression levels in the majority. The upregulation of PHD3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in ccRCC when compared with oncocytoma was statistically significant (P<0.001). No other comparisons (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, PHD1, and PHD2) were significantly different. HIF-2α and PHD3 mRNA expression levels were negatively correlated with Fuhrman Grade (P=0.029 and P=0.026, respectively) in ccRCC. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the HIF/PHD pathway was compared between ccRCC and a common benign tumor, identifying the upregulation of PHD3 as the possible underlying factor guiding the difference in the behavior of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Kampantais
- 1st Department of Urology, Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Urology, Saint Luke's Private Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Cell Biology, Development and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Diamond Light Source, Life and Sciences Department, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, Oxford, UK
| | - Vasiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vakalopoulos
- 1st Department of Urology, Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkagkalidis
- 1st Department of Urology, Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Dimitriadis
- 1st Department of Urology, Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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35
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Akkoc RF, Aydin S, Goksu M, Ozcan Yildirim S, Eroksuz Y, Ogeturk M, Ugur K, Dagli AF, Yakar B, Sahin I, Aydin S. Can renalase be a novel candidate biomarker for distinguishing renal tumors? Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:520-525. [PMID: 33956551 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1825805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renalase (RNLS) is synthesized mainly in renal tissues. The function of RNLS in cancerous renal tissues has not been investigated. We investigated the synthesis of RNLS in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma with Fuhrman grades (FG): FG1, nucleoli are absent or inconspicuous and basophilic; FG2, nucleoli are conspicuous and eosinophilic and visible but not prominent; FG3, nucleoli are conspicuous and eosinophilic; FG4, extreme nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleate giant cells, and/or rhabdoid and/or sarcomatoid differentiation. We used 90 tissue samples including 15 healthy controls, 15 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma tissues and 10 papillary renal cell carcinoma renal tissues: 12 FG1, 14 FG 2, 14 FG 3 and 10 FG4. RNLS in the tissue samples was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining of RNLS in these tissues. RNLS was significantly greater in the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma tissues than the control. The least amount of RNLS was found in the renal tissues of clear cell renal cell carcinoma FG1; the amount of RNLS increased as the FG grades increased. Because RNLS increased significantly in renal tissues due to cancer, except for clear cell renal cell carcinoma FG1, RNLS may be useful biomarker for distinguishing grades of renal cancer. Because RNLS increases cell survival, anti-RNLS preparations may be useful for treating cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Goksu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - S Ozcan Yildirim
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Y Eroksuz
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - K Ugur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - A F Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - B Yakar
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - I Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, School of Medicine, Firat University Elazig, Elazig, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, School of Medicine, Firat University Elazig, Elazig, Turkey
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Kancherla P, Daneshvar M, Sager RA, Mollapour M, Bratslavsky G. Fumarate hydratase as a therapeutic target in renal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:923-936. [PMID: 32744123 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1804862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers that can occur sporadically or as a manifestation of various inherited syndromes. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is one such inherited syndrome that predisposes patients to HLRCC-associated RCC. These tumors are notoriously aggressive and often exhibit early metastases. HLRCC results from germline mutations in the FH gene, which encodes the citric acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH). FH loss leads to alterations in oxidative carbon metabolism, necessitating a switch to aerobic glycolysis, as well as a pseudohypoxic response and consequent upregulation of various pro-survival pathways. Mutations in FH also alter tumor cell migratory potential, response to oxidative stress, and response to DNA damage. AREAS COVERED We review the mechanisms by which FH loss leads to HLRCC-associated RCC and how these mechanisms are being rationally targeted. EXPERT OPINION FH loss results in the activation of numerous salvage pathways for tumor cell survival in HLRCC-associated RCC. Tumor heterogeneity requires individualized characterization via next-generation sequencing, ultimately resulting in HLRCC-specific treatment regimens. As HLRCC-associated RCC represents a classic Warburg tumor, targeting aerobic glycolysis is particularly promising as a future therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kancherla
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Michael Daneshvar
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY, USA
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Zhao Y, Han F, Zhang X, Zhou C, Huang D. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator promotes the proliferation and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells potentially by affecting the glycolytic pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:56. [PMID: 32793310 PMCID: PMC7418509 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a transcription factor that has been reported to play a vital role in regulating glycolysis, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Recently, ARNT has been reported to a play role in pancreatic-islet function in type 2 diabetes. However, the role of ARNT in kidney cancer has not yet been investigated. In the present study, ARNT expression was detected in tissues from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in RCC cell lines. Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas and cBioPortal were used to investigate the roles of ARNT in RCC. Cell migration and invasion assays were used to explore the molecular mechanisms involved. It was found that ARNT protein expression was elevated both in tissues from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and in different RCC cell lines. ARNT disruption using siRNA knockdown inhibited the migratory abilities and cell proliferation, potentially by altering the glycolysis pathway in vitro, as evidenced by decreased M2 type acetone kinase, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 and hexokinase 2 expression. Taken together, the findings in the present study revealed a novel function of ARNT in ccRCC and indicated that ARNT promotes the proliferation and invasion of ccRCC, possibly through changes to the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhao
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Guan X, Wang H, Wang Y, Yue D, Chen R. Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 regulates renal cancer cell migration via cofilin-1. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 32788940 PMCID: PMC7416383 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is upregulated in numerous types of cancer, and is implicated in various cellular processes associated with cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which MALAT1 regulates metastasis remain unclear. The present study investigated the expression of MALAT1 across a range of different cancer types by analyzing RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The results indicate that the expression of MALAT1 is highly tissue-dependent and that MALAT1 is significantly overexpressed in renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). The biological role of MALAT1 in regulating KIRC cell migration was further investigated using molecular and cellular assays. The results demonstrate that MALAT1 regulates the expression of cofilin-1 (CFL1), potentially by regulating RNA splicing. MALAT1 knockdown decreased the expression of CFL1 at both the mRNA and protein levels, and affected cytoskeletal rearrangement by regulating the levels of F-actin via CFL1, leading to significantly decreased cellular migration. Clinical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between MALAT1 and CFL1 expression, implicating both genes as biomarkers for poor prognosis in KIRC. The present study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which MALAT1 regulates cell migration, which may be exploited to develop novel therapeutic strategies for managing renal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yue
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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40
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Xiao Y, Clima R, Busch J, Rabien A, Kilic E, Villegas SL, Timmermann B, Attimonelli M, Jung K, Meierhofer D. Decreased Mitochondrial DNA Content Drives OXPHOS Dysregulation in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3830-3840. [PMID: 32694149 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma are closely related, rare kidney tumors. Mutations in complex I (CI)-encoding genes play an important role in dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in renal oncocytoma, but are less frequently observed in chRCC. As such, the relevance of OXPHOS status and role of CI mutations in chRCC remain unknown. To address this issue, we performed proteome and metabolome profiling as well as mitochondrial whole-exome sequencing to detect mitochondrial alterations in chRCC tissue specimens. Multiomic analysis revealed downregulation of electron transport chain (ETC) components in chRCC that differed from the expression profile in renal oncocytoma. A decrease in mitochondrial (mt)DNA content, rather than CI mutations, was the main cause for reduced OXPHOS in chRCC. There was a negative correlation between protein and transcript levels of nuclear DNA- but not mtDNA-encoded ETC complex subunits in chRCC. In addition, the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione (GSH) was upregulated in chRCC due to decreased expression of proteins involved in GSH degradation. These results demonstrate that distinct mechanisms of OXPHOS exist in chRCC and renal oncocytoma and that expression levels of ETC complex subunits can serve as a diagnostic marker for this rare malignancy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish potential diagnostic markers to distinguish malignant chRCC from its highly similar but benign counterpart, renal oncocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosanna Clima
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Institut für Pathologie am Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia L Villegas
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marcella Attimonelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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41
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de Vries-Brilland M, Gross-Goupil M, Seegers V, Boughalem E, Beuselinck B, Thibault C, Chevreau C, Ladoire S, Barthélémy P, Negrier S, Borchiellini D, Huillard O, Geoffrois L, Gravis G, Saldana C, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Escudier B, Ravaud A, Albiges L. Are immune checkpoint inhibitors a valid option for papillary renal cell carcinoma? A multicentre retrospective study. Eur J Cancer 2020; 136:76-83. [PMID: 32653774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC). Pivotal studies evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors mostly excluded nccRCC. The aim of this retrospective and multicentre study was to evaluate the activity of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors specifically in metastatic pRCC. METHODS The primary end-point was time to treatment failure (TTF). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). RESULTS From 02/2016 to 01/2019, 57 patients with pRCC were included. Histology included 16 (28%) type 1 pRCC, 34 (60%) type 2 pRCC and 7 (12%) unclassified pRCC. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors was used in the first-line setting in 4 patients (7%), in the second-line setting in 32 patients (56%) and in the third-line setting or more in 21 patients (37%). With a median follow-up of 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9-21.0), the median TTF was 3.1 months (95% CI: 2.7-5.0). Among the 55 patients evaluable for ORR, best response was complete response/partial response in 6 patients (11%), stable disease in 18 patients (33%) and progressive disease in 31 patients (56%). The median OS was 14.6 months (95% CI: 9.0- not reached). TRAEs of grade III-IV were noted in 6 patients (10%) leading to treatment discontinuation, and no grade V TRAEs were observed. CONCLUSION PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors exhibit limited activity as monotherapy in this pRCC population, which remains an unmet need. Our findings underline the need for further prospective clinical trials evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations in patients with pRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon de Vries-Brilland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Integrated Centers of Oncology (ICO) Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Marine Gross-Goupil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, University of Bordeaux-CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Seegers
- Biostatistics Department, Integrated Centers of Oncology (ICO) Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Elouen Boughalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Integrated Centers of Oncology (ICO) Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center GF Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Huillard
- Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, AP-HP, CARPEM, Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group, Paris, France
| | - Lionnel Geoffrois
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Carolina Saldana
- Oncology Department, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
| | | | - Bernard Escudier
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, University of Bordeaux-CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
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42
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Bilateral ovarian metastasis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: A case report. Clin Imaging 2020; 69:91-93. [PMID: 32707410 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of all adult malignancies. Clear-cell type RCC is the most common type, accounting for approximately 75% of all renal cancer cases. The most common sites of metastasis include the lung, bone, and liver. Ovarian metastasis of RCC is an exceptionally rare occurrence with only 41 cases reported in the literature with only 11 of these cases involving the bilateral ovaries. Here we present a case of clear-cell RCC arising from the left kidney with metastatic involvement of bilateral ovaries in a 48-year-old woman.
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43
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Paschall AK, Nikpanah M, Farhadi F, Jones EC, Wakim PG, Dwyer AJ, Gautam R, Merino MJ, Srinivasan R, Linehan WM, Malayeri AA. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome: Spectrum of imaging findings. Clin Imaging 2020; 68:14-19. [PMID: 32562921 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively investigate the radiological presentations of HLRCC-associated renal tumors to facilitate accurate lesion characterization and compare these presentations with simple cysts and characteristics of other subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as reported in the literature. METHODS The MRI and CT imaging characteristics of 39 pathologically confirmed lesions from 30 patients (20 male, 10 female) with HLRCC syndrome were evaluated by two radiologists. Patients had an average age at diagnosis of 43.8 ± 13.1 years. Lesion characteristics including laterality, homogeneity, diameter (cm), nodularity, septations, T1 and T2 signal intensity, enhancement, and restricted diffusion were recorded. Imaging characteristics of the lesions were further compared to characteristics of benign simple cysts surgically removed at the same time point. RESULTS The examined lesions had a mean diameter of 5.06 ± 3.80 cm, an average growth rate of 2.91 × 10-3 cm/day and an estimated annual growth rate of 1.06 cm/year. 50% of lesions demonstrated nodularity, 65% were mostly T2-hyperintense, 83% demonstrated restricted diffusion in solid portions of the lesions, and 65% had well-defined margins. 76% of patients demonstrated extra-renal manifestations, 53% lymphadenopathy, and 43% distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis confirmed that while HLRCC-associated renal lesions demonstrate diversity in imaging presentations, the majority are unilateral and solitary, T2-hyperintense, heterogeneous with well-defined margins, and frequently demonstrate restricted diffusion and nodularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Paschall
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America; Duke University Health System, School of Medicine, 8 Searle Center Dr., Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Moozhan Nikpanah
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Faraz Farhadi
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C Jones
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Paul G Wakim
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Dwyer
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Rabindra Gautam
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute- Urologic Oncology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Maria J Merino
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute- Laboratory of Pathology, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute- Urologic Oncology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - W Marston Linehan
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute- Urologic Oncology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Ashkan A Malayeri
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America.
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Majo S, Courtois S, Souleyreau W, Bikfalvi A, Auguste P. Impact of Extracellular Matrix Components to Renal Cell Carcinoma Behavior. Front Oncol 2020; 10:625. [PMID: 32411604 PMCID: PMC7198871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the main renal tumors and are highly metastatic. They are heterogeneous tumors and are subdivided in 12 different subtypes where clear cell RCC (ccRCC) represents the main subtype. Tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed, in RCC, mainly of different fibrillar collagens, fibronectin, and components of the basement membrane such as laminin, collagen IV, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Little is known about the role of these ECM components on RCC cell behavior. Analysis from The Human Protein Atlas dataset shows that high collagen 1 or 4A2, fibronectin, entactin, or syndecan 3 expression is associated with poor prognosis whereas high collagen 4A3, syndecan 4, or glypican 4 expression is associated with increased patient survival. We then analyzed the impact of collagen 1, fibronectin 1 or Matrigel on three different RCC cell lines (Renca, 786-O and Caki-2) in vitro. We found that all the different matrices have little effect on RCC cell proliferation. The three cell lines adhere differently on the three matrices, suggesting the involvement of a different set of integrins. Among the 3 matrices tested, collagen 1 is the only component able to increase migration in the three cell lines as well as MMP-2 and 9 activity. Moreover, collagen 1 induces MMP-2 mRNA expression and is implicated in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of two RCC cell lines via Zeb2 (Renca) or Snail 2 (Caki-2) mRNA expression. Taken together, our results show that collagen 1 is the main component of the ECM that enhances tumor cell invasion in RCC, which is important for the metastasic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Majo
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Courtois
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U1029, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Auguste
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, U1035, Bordeaux, France
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45
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Nisi M, Izzetti R, Graziani F, Gabriele M. Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastases to the Oral Cavity: Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1557-1571. [PMID: 32386976 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The localization of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases in the oral cavity has been reported, accounting for about 15% of patients with metastasizing renal disease. In this work, we report 2 cases of oral metastases of renal carcinoma and provide a review of the current literature on the occurrence of oral metastases of renal origin. The first patient (a 61-year-old man) presented with a tumefaction of the body of the tongue. The second patient (a 71-year-old man) showed a large mass localized in the buccal mucosa. In both patients, incisional biopsy was performed to better characterize the nature of the lesions. Histologic evaluation showed the metastatic origin of the 2 lesions, which were distant metastases of clear cell RCC. After systemic evaluation, a second surgical procedure was performed to obtain a wider resection of the mass to reduce the development of complications and improve the patients' quality-of-life. After the second surgical treatment, both patients showed an improvement in symptoms, and no further complications and/or signs of recurrence were detected. At present, 132 cases of oral metastases of RCC have been described in the literature. This article reviews and discusses the clinical, diagnostic, and pathologic features and the treatment options reported in the literature. Localization of renal metastases to the tongue was the most frequently described localization in the literature. In general, surgical treatment appears to be effective in controlling metastasis development and associated symptoms. Although relatively rare, renal metastases to the oral cavity should be taken into account when creating the differential diagnosis of oral lesions of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nisi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rossana Izzetti
- PhD Student, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Full Professor, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Gabriele
- Full Professor, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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46
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D'Angelo A, Bagby S, Di Pierro G, Chirra M, Nobili S, Mini E, Villari D, Roviello G. An overview of the clinical use of cabozantinib in the treatment of advanced non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (NCCRCC). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 149:102921. [PMID: 32172222 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with non-clear renal cell carcinoma have often been excluded from clinical trials due to the shortage of treatments available, the low incidence of tumours with non-clear histology, and the corresponding diversity of intrinsic molecular features. This approach led to a knowledge gap in finding the optimal treatment for patients diagnosed with non-clear cell renal carcinoma. Cabozantinib, a potent multiple tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, has been recently investigated in patients with non-clear cell histologies of renal cell cancer. In this review, we have summarized available data on the use of cabozantinib in non-clear renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Di Pierro
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Donata Villari
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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47
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Machine learning with autophagy-related proteins for discriminating renal cell carcinoma subtypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:720. [PMID: 31959887 PMCID: PMC6971298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning techniques have been previously applied for classification of tumors based largely on morphological features of tumor cells recognized in H&E images. Here, we tested the possibility of using numeric data acquired from software-based quantification of certain marker proteins, i.e. key autophagy proteins (ATGs), obtained from immunohistochemical (IHC) images of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Using IHC staining and automated image quantification with a tissue microarray (TMA) of RCC, we found ATG1, ATG5 and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) were significantly reduced, suggesting a reduction in the basal level of autophagy with RCC. Notably, the levels of the ATG proteins expressed did not correspond to the mRNA levels expressed in these tissues. Applying a supervised machine learning algorithm, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), to our quantified numeric data revealed that LC3B provided a strong measure for discriminating clear cell RCC (ccRCC). ATG5 and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) could be used for classification of chromophobe RCC (crRCC). The quantitation of particular combinations of ATG1, ATG16L1, ATG5, LC3B and p62, all of which measure the basal level of autophagy, were able to discriminate among normal tissue, crRCC and ccRCC, suggesting that the basal level of autophagy would be a potentially useful parameter for RCC discrimination. In addition to our observation that the basal level of autophagy is reduced in RCC, our workflow from quantitative IHC analysis to machine learning could be considered as a potential complementary tool for the classification of RCC subtypes and also for other types of tumors for which precision medicine requires a characterization.
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48
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Chen W, Li W, Bai B, Wei H. Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:817-826. [PMID: 32020234 PMCID: PMC7041106 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common types of renal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in advanced stages constitutes a continued major challenge for uro-oncologists, as the identification of novel driver mutations and the development of novel targeted therapies against them remain an unmet need. Aberrations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a rational therapeutic target, as verified in lung cancer with ALK rearrangement, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple human cancers. In the present study, we screened ALK expression in 87 pathologically defined ccRCCs via immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a newly developed rabbit anti-human ALK monoclonal antibody (clone D5F3). Four patients tested positive for ALK expression, as confirmed by IHC. Among them, 2 patients were further confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay with the use of the Vysis LSI ALK dual color break-apart probe. Furthermore, we detected the existence of the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) (E13:A20, variant 1) fusion gene in tumors from these two patients by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-coupled PCR sequencing and RT-PCR. Notably, we first showed that enforced EML4-ALK expression could significantly promote in vitro proliferation, clonogenic colony formation and apoptosis resistance in HK2 immortalized normal renal tubal epithelial cells and their in vivo outgrowth when injected into immunocompromised nude mice. Importantly, this pro-tumorigenic effect was completely abolished by the ALK-specific inhibitor crizotinib, indicating the potential effectiveness of ALK-specific inhibitors in treating ALK-rearranged ccRCC patients. Our data revealed that ALK fusions exist in adult ccRCC, providing a rationale for ALK inhibitor therapy in selected patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated to Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314031, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Wei
- Cancer Center Laboratory, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, PLA Postgraduate School of Medicine, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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49
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Lee IH, Kang BW, Kim JG, Bae WK, Ki MS, Park I, Jo JC, Kim JY, Koh SA, Lee KH, Cho YY, Ryoo HM, Kwak SG, Lee JL, Lee SA. Comparison of three risk stratification models for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients treated with temsirolimus as first-line therapy. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:185-193. [PMID: 30301310 PMCID: PMC6960037 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS For metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), various prognostic scoring systems have been developed. However, owing to the low prevalence of nonclear cell RCC, the three most commonly used tools were mainly developed based on patients with clear cell histology. Accordingly, this study applied three prognostic models to Korean non-clear cell RCC patients treated with first-line temsirolimus. METHODS This study analyzed data for 74 patients with non-clear cell RCC who were treated with temsirolimus as the first-line therapy at eight medical centers between 2011 and 2016. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the different prognostic models were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-seven (36.5%), 24 (32.4%), and 44 patients (59.5%) were assigned to the poor prognosis groups of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC), and Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (ARCC) risk stratification models, respectively. All three prognostic models reliably discriminated the risk groups to predict progression-free survival and overall survival (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for progression and survival was highest for the ARCC model (0.777; 0.734), followed by the IMDC (0.756; 0.724) and the MSKCC (0.742; 0.712) models. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting progression were highest with the ARCC model (sensitivity 63.6%, specificity 85.7%), followed by the MSKCC (sensitivity 58.2%, specificity 86.5%) and the IMDC models (sensitivity 56.4%, specificity 85.7%). CONCLUSION All three prognostic models accurately predicted the survival of the non-clear cell RCC patients treated with temsirolimus as the first-line therapy. Furthermore, the ARCC risk model performed better than the other risk models in predicting survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Correspondence to Byung Woog Kang, M.D. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea. Tel: +82-53-200-2622, Fax: +82-53-200-2029, E-mail:
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Seo Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Inkeun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Inkeun Park, M.D. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea. Tel: +82-32-460-3229, Fax: +82-32-460-2391, E-mail:
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Ae Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Cho
- Department of HematologyOncology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hun Mo Ryoo
- Department of HematologyOncology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Lim Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Jiao F, Sun H, Yang Q, Sun H, Wang Z, Liu M, Chen J. Association of CXCL13 and Immune Cell Infiltration Signature in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1610-1624. [PMID: 32669964 PMCID: PMC7359384 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed kidney tumors and is often accompanied by immune cell infiltration. In this study, we attempted to identify microenvironment-associated genes and explore the correlation between CXCL13 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Gene expression profiles and their corresponding clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The ESTIMATE (Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) algorithm was used to calculate immune cell and stromal cell scores, according to which patients were divided into high- and low-score groups, allowing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to be identified. Functional enrichment and PPI network analysis were used to identify the functions of the DEGs. CIBERSORT algorithm and TIMER analysis were used to evaluate the immune score. Oncomine and TCGA database were used to explore CXCL13 mRNA expression level in ccRCC. High ESTIMATE score was significantly associated with prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis clarified that DEGs were associated with T cell activation, immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and positive regulation of cytokine production. PPI network was used to identify CXCL13 as a hub gene. And CIBERSORT algorithm and TIMER analysis showed that strong correlation between CXCL13 expression level and TIICs. Oncomine database was used to validate high CXCL13 expression level in ccRCC tissue, compared to normal tissues. In conclusion, we obtained a list of tumor microenvironment-related genes and identified CXCL13 as an immune response biomarker in patients with ccRCC, GSEA analysis, wound healing and transwell assays showed CXCL13 played a role in tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdong Jiao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Qingya Yang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
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