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Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
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Sonnenblick A, Agbor-Tarh D, de Azambuja E, Hultsch S, Izquierdo M, Liu M, Pruneri G, Harbeck N, Piccart M, Moreno-Aspita A, Granit RZ, Rouas G, Fahoum I, Sotiriou C. STAT3 activation in HER2-positive breast cancers: Analysis of data from a large prospective trial. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1529-1535. [PMID: 33152119 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway may be aberrantly activated and have various and conflicting roles in breast cancer. The current study explored prognostic implications of activated STAT3 in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive primary breast cancers in the context of a large prospective study (ALTTO). Activated STAT3 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of STAT3 phosphorylation (Y705) performed on the primary tumors. This analysis evaluated whether patients with activated STAT3 had disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) different from patients without activated STAT3. A total of 5694 patients out of the 8381 patients enrolled in ALTTO were included in this analysis (67.9%), and 2634 of them (46%) had evidence of STAT3 activation (minimum tumor Allred score ≥2). The median follow-up was 6.93 years (6.85-6.97 years), at the end of which 1035 (18.18%) and 520 (9.13%) patients experienced DFS and OS events, respectively. Patients with STAT3 activation experienced improved DFS compared to those without it (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.95; P = .006). There were no group differences in OS (multivariable HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.78-1.10; P = .37). This effect was limited to ER-positive tumors. In conclusion, these findings support the role of STAT3 activation as a marker of favorable outcome in ER-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sonnenblick
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Miguel Izquierdo
- Oncology Clinical Development, Oncology Business Unit, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Brustzentrum der Universität München (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ghizlane Rouas
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Fahoum
- Pathology Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
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Small-molecule compounds targeting the STAT3 DNA-binding domain suppress survival of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:887-897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wu P, Wu D, Zhao L, Huang L, Shen G, Huang J, Chai Y. Prognostic role of STAT3 in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19863-83. [PMID: 26959884 PMCID: PMC4991424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of the association between signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 3 (STAT3) expression and survival of human solid tumors. To address this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis with 63 studies identified from PubMed, Medline and EBSCO. We found STAT3 overexpression was significantly associated with worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.57 to 2.71, P < 0.00001) and 5-year OS (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.63, P < 0.00001) of human solid tumors. Similar results were observed when disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Subgroup analysis showed that elevated STAT3 expression was associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer, lung cancer, gliomas, hepatic cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer but better prognosis of breast cancer. The correlation between STAT3 and survival of solid tumors was related to its phosphorylated state. High expression level of STAT3 was also associated with advanced tumor stage. In conclusion, elevated STAT3 expression is associated with poor survival in most solid tumors. STAT3 is a valuable biomarker for prognosis prediction and a promising therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lufeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lijian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ying Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Ji K, Zhang M, Chu Q, Gan Y, Ren H, Zhang L, Wang L, Li X, Wang W. The Role of p-STAT3 as a Prognostic and Clinicopathological Marker in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160125. [PMID: 27504822 PMCID: PMC4978497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective High expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) has been detected in a variety of human tumors. However, the association of positive p-STAT3 expression with clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients remain controversial. To identify the relationship between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, and SinoMed through 27 March, 2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were combined to evaluate the association between p-STAT3 expression and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were combined to evaluate the association between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with colorectal cancer. Results Seventeen studies including a total of 2,346 colorectal cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. The combined HR was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.23–1.67, P < 0.001), which suggested a positive relationship between p-STAT3 overexpression and poorer overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. In addition, the results indicated that positive p-STAT3 expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.18–5.01, P = 0.02) but was not associated with TNM stage, tumor differentiation or gender. Conclusion The meta-analysis results suggest that p-STAT3 overexpression is unfavorable for the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients, and p-STAT3 overexpression is associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis among colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (WW)
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- Grade 2012 Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Chu
- Grade 2012 Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxiu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (WW)
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Huang W, Dong Z, Chen Y, Wang F, Wang CJ, Peng H, He Y, Hangoc G, Pollok K, Sandusky G, Fu XY, Broxmeyer HE, Zhang ZY, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 suppress tumor growth, metastasis and STAT3 target gene expression in vivo. Oncogene 2015; 35:783-92. [PMID: 26073084 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in malignant tumors and has important roles in multiple aspects of cancer aggressiveness. Thus targeting STAT3 promises to be an attractive strategy for treatment of advanced metastatic tumors. Although many STAT3 inhibitors targeting the SH2 domain have been reported, few have moved into clinical trials. Targeting the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of STAT3, however, has been avoided due to its 'undruggable' nature and potentially limited selectivity. In a previous study, we reported an improved in silico approach targeting the DBD of STAT3 that resulted in a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor (inS3-54). Further studies, however, showed that inS3-54 has off-target effect although it is selective to STAT3 over STAT1. In this study, we describe an extensive structure and activity-guided hit optimization and mechanistic characterization effort, which led to identification of an improved lead compound (inS3-54A18) with increased specificity and pharmacological properties. InS3-54A18 not only binds directly to the DBD and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of STAT3 both in vitro and in situ but also effectively inhibits the constitutive and interleukin-6-stimulated expression of STAT3 downstream target genes. InS3-54A18 is completely soluble in an oral formulation and effectively inhibits lung xenograft tumor growth and metastasis with little adverse effect on animals. Thus inS3-54A18 may serve as a potential candidate for further development as anticancer therapeutics targeting the DBD of human STAT3 and DBD of transcription factors may not be 'undruggable' as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - F Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C J Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G Hangoc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K Pollok
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G Sandusky
- IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - X-Y Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Z-Y Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J-Y Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J-T Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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YAN CHUNMEI, ZHAO YINGLING, CAI HONGYI, MIAO GUOYING, MA WEN. Blockage of PTPRJ promotes cell growth and resistance to 5-FU through activation of JAK1/STAT3 in the cervical carcinoma cell line C33A. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1737-44. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sonnenblick A, Uziely B, Nechushtan H, Kadouri L, Galun E, Axelrod JH, Katz D, Daum H, Hamburger T, Maly B, Allweis TM, Peretz T. Tumor STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation status, as a predictor of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:407-13. [PMID: 23446809 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a point of convergence for numerous oncogenic signaling pathways. In breast cancer cell lines and xenograft models activated STAT3 participates in breast tumorigenesis, while studies in humans have demonstrated that phosphorylated (tyrosine705)-STAT3 is a marker of good prognosis in breast cancer. In order to resolve this paradox we hypothesized that in clinic, phospho-STAT3 has a predictive role of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy; therefore the goal of this study was to determine the usefulness of phospho-STAT3 status as a predictor of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of phospho-STAT3 was performed on a tissue microarray of breast cancer specimens. The expression pattern of phospho-STAT3 was retrospectively correlated with pathological parameters and overall survival in patients who were or were not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Of 375 tissue specimens interpretable for phospho-STAT3, 134 (36 %) exhibited positive phospho-STAT3 nuclear expression. Among 234 patients who received adjuvant therapy, those with tumors displaying positive phospho-STAT3 nuclear expression had a better ten-year rate of overall survival than patients with tumors displaying negative phospho-STAT3 nuclear expression (P = 0.001). Among patients who did not received adjuvant chemotherapy, positive phospho-STAT3 nuclear status was not correlated with increased overall survival (P = 0.54). Positive phospho-STAT3 was correlated with improved overall survival only among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in a multivariate analysis adjusted for stage, grade, hormonal status, Her2 status, and age, irrespective of the chemotherapy regimen received (hazard ratio for death, 0.35 [95 % CI 0.188-0.667]; P = 0.001). These findings support the role of phospho-STAT3 as a marker of favorable outcome in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Whether phospho-STAT3 has a predictive role of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy has to be validated on prospective, randomized, controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sonnenblick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Setsu N, Kohashi K, Endo M, Yamamoto H, Tamiya S, Takahashi Y, Yamada Y, Ishii T, Matsuda S, Yokoyama R, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma is associated with a better prognosis. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:109-15. [PMID: 22644781 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 mediates a broad range of biological processes, including cell survival and proliferation, and STAT3 has generally been regarded as a pro-oncogenic transcription factor. We investigated the phosphorylation status of STAT3 and the protein expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) by immunohistochemistry in 145 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS), including 129 primary tumors. Eight benign soft tissue smooth muscle tumors were also examined. Thirteen frozen LMS samples, which were paired with normal tissue samples, were assessed by Western blot analysis for the phosphorylation of STAT3 and SOCS3 expression. Immunohistochemical study showed that the phosphorylation of STAT3 was not a major event in LMS (37%). Moreover, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression was significantly correlated with a better prognosis. Overexpression of SOCS3 was recognized in 52% of the cases and negatively correlated with pSTAT3 expression. Among the benign tumors, 63 and 25% were positive for pSTAT3 and SOCS3, respectively. Immunoblotting detected pSTAT3 in all tumor samples, but at lower levels than in non-neoplastic tissue. SOCS3 was detected in 92% (12 out of 13) of tumor tissues, but in none of the normal tissues. Contrary to the previous investigations of many other malignant tumors, STAT3 was inactivated in most LMS cases, likely owing to SOCS3 overexpression. STAT3 might not contribute to the progression of soft tissue LMS, and the phosphorylation status of STAT3 has the potential to be a favorable prognostic marker of LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mankan AK, Greten FR. Inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3: rationality and rationale design of inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:1263-75. [PMID: 21751940 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.601739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) controls a key signaling pathway in the development of many malignant diseases. Several genetic studies have proven its central role in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis and immune responses making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED This article addresses the role of STAT3 in immune response modulation and highlights the contribution of STAT3 in inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. We also review the rationale to use novel STAT3 inhibitors and list some of these inhibitors such as STA-21, IS3 295, S3I- M2001 and small molecule JAK2 inhibitors AZD1480 and AZ960 that have been found to be efficient against tumors. We summarize the efforts that have been made so far in identifying promising compounds and mention the barriers that need to be overcome for successful application of STAT3 inhibitors in clinics. EXPERT OPINION STAT3 is an important target in tumor biology based on its frequent activation in various tumors and its pleiotropic effects on different cell types. Screening large libraries of logically synthesized small molecule inhibitors is one way to rapidly generate many potential molecules, which can then be tested in different biologically relevant models. The stage is, therefore, set for the identification and development of novel STAT3 inhibitors that will, in the very near future, enter the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Mankan
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
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Chen HHW, Chou CY, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Hsu CH, Guo HR, Lee WY, Su WC. Constitutive STAT5 activation correlates with better survival in cervical cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 82:658-66. [PMID: 21300446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) factors, in particular STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, have been detected in a wide variety of human primary tumors and have been demonstrated to directly contribute to oncogenesis. However, the expression pattern of these STATs in cervical carcinoma is still unknown, as is whether or not they have prognostic significance. This study investigated the expression patterns of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in cervical cancer and their associations with clinical outcomes in patients treated with radical radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 165 consecutive patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stages IB to IVA cervical cancer underwent radical radiation therapy, including external beam and/or high-dose-rate brachytherapy between 1989 and 2002. Immunohistochemical studies of their formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify and to evaluate the effects of these factors affecting patient survival. RESULTS Constitutive activations of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 were observed in 11%, 22%, and 61% of the participants, respectively. While STAT5 activation was associated with significantly better metastasis-free survival (p < 0.01) and overall survival (p = 0.04), STAT1 and STAT3 activation were not. Multivariate analyses showed that STAT5 activation, bulky tumor (≥ 4 cm), advanced stage (FIGO Stages III and IV), and brachytherapy (yes vs. no) were independent prognostic factors for cause-specific overall survival. None of the STATs was associated with local relapse. STAT5 activation (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.13-0.63) and advanced stage (odds ratio = 2.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.03-6.26) were independent predictors of distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to provide the overall expression patterns and prognostic significance of specific STATs in cervical carcinoma. Our results indicate that constitutive STAT5 activation correlates with better metastasis-free survival and overall survival in cervical cancer patients who have received radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H W Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) expression as a predictor for response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for FIGO stage 2B uterine cervix cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 120:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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