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Wagner JR, Schaper M, Hamel W, Westphal M, Gerloff C, Engel AK, Moll CKE, Gulberti A, Pötter-Nerger M. Combined Subthalamic and Nigral Stimulation Modulates Temporal Gait Coordination and Cortical Gait-Network Activity in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:812954. [PMID: 35295883 PMCID: PMC8919031 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.812954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling burden for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with poor response to conventional therapies. Combined deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra (STN+SN DBS) moved into focus as a potential therapeutic option to treat the parkinsonian gait disorder and refractory FoG. The mechanisms of action of DBS within the cortical-subcortical-basal ganglia network on gait, particularly at the cortical level, remain unclear. Methods Twelve patients with idiopathic PD and chronically-implanted DBS electrodes were assessed on their regular dopaminergic medication in a standardized stepping in place paradigm. Patients executed the task with DBS switched off (STIM OFF), conventional STN DBS and combined STN+SN DBS and were compared to healthy matched controls. Simultaneous high-density EEG and kinematic measurements were recorded during resting-state, effective stepping, and freezing episodes. Results Clinically, STN+SN DBS was superior to conventional STN DBS in improving temporal stepping variability of the more affected leg. During resting-state and effective stepping, the cortical activity of PD patients in STIM OFF was characterized by excessive over-synchronization in the theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (9-13 Hz), and high-beta (21-30 Hz) band compared to healthy controls. Both active DBS settings similarly decreased resting-state alpha power and reduced pathologically enhanced high-beta activity during resting-state and effective stepping compared to STIM OFF. Freezing episodes during STN DBS and STN+SN DBS showed spectrally and spatially distinct cortical activity patterns when compared to effective stepping. During STN DBS, FoG was associated with an increase in cortical alpha and low-beta activity over central cortical areas, while with STN+SN DBS, an increase in high-beta was prominent over more frontal areas. Conclusions STN+SN DBS improved temporal aspects of parkinsonian gait impairment compared to conventional STN DBS and differentially affected cortical oscillatory patterns during regular locomotion and freezing suggesting a potential modulatory effect on dysfunctional cortical-subcortical communication in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R. Wagner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Schaper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian K. E. Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Gulberti
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Stefani A, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, D’Angelo V, Grandi L, Spanetta M, Galati S. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease patients and routine 6‐OHDA rodent models: Synergies and pitfalls. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2322-2343. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Laura Grandi
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland
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Molina R, Hass CJ, Sowalsky K, Schmitt AC, Opri E, Roper JA, Martinez-Ramirez D, Hess CW, Foote KD, Okun MS, Gunduz A. Neurophysiological Correlates of Gait in the Human Basal Ganglia and the PPN Region in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:194. [PMID: 32581744 PMCID: PMC7287013 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the neurophysiological correlates of gait in the human pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) region and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in Parkinson's disease (PD) cohort. Though much is known about the PPN region through animal studies, there are limited physiological recordings from ambulatory humans. The PPN has recently garnered interest as a potential deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for improving gait and freezing of gait (FoG) in PD. We used bidirectional neurostimulators to record from the human PPN region and GPi in a small cohort of severely affected PD subjects with FoG despite optimized dopaminergic medications. Five subjects, with confirmed on-dopaminergic medication FoG, were implanted with bilateral GPi and bilateral PPN region DBS electrodes. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained during various gait tasks for 5 months postoperatively in both the off- and on-medication conditions (obtained during the no stimulation condition). The results revealed suppression of low beta power in the GPi and a 1-8 Hz modulation in the PPN region which correlated with human gait. The PPN feature correlated with walking speed. GPi beta desynchronization and PPN low-frequency synchronization were observed as subjects progressed from rest to ambulatory tasks. Our findings add to our understanding of the neurophysiology underpinning gait and will likely contribute to the development of novel therapies for abnormal gait in PD. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier; NCT02318927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Molina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chris J Hass
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kristen Sowalsky
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abigail C Schmitt
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Enrico Opri
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jaime A Roper
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Christopher W Hess
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Pflug C, Nienstedt JC, Gulberti A, Müller F, Vettorazzi E, Koseki JC, Niessen A, Flügel T, Hidding U, Buhmann C, Weiss D, Gerloff C, Hamel W, Moll CKE, Pötter-Nerger M. Impact of simultaneous subthalamic and nigral stimulation on dysphagia in Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:628-638. [PMID: 32267102 PMCID: PMC7261764 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysphagia is a frequent and highly relevant symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to high associated morbidity and mortality. To compare the effect of simultaneous stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and substantia nigra (SNr) with conventional STN-stimulation on swallowing function in Parkinson's disease. METHODS In this controlled, randomized, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial, 15 PD patients were assessed with DBS switched off (STIM OFF), STN-DBS, STN + SNr-DBS. Patients and 32 age-matched healthy controls were examined clinically and by flexible-endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) to evaluate the swallowing function. The primary endpoint was the assessment of residues, secondary endpoints were penetration/aspiration, leakage, retained pharyngeal secretions, drooling, and assessments of the patient's self-perception of swallowing on a visual analog scale. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls PD patients showed significantly more pharyngeal residues in STIM OFF and both DBS modes. Residues or aspiration events were found in 80% of the patients under STN-stimulation. Simultaneous STN + SNr-stimulation had no additional positive effect on objective dysphagia and self-reported swallowing function compared to STN-DBS. INTERPRETATION Simultaneous STN + SNr-stimulation seems to have no additional beneficial effects on dysphagia when compared with conventional STN-stimulation, but did not deteriorate the swallowing function. If STN + SNr-stimulation is planned to be applied for the improvement of axial symptoms and gait disorders in PD patients, it can be considered safe in terms of dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pflug
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Julie C Nienstedt
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Alessandro Gulberti
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Jana-Christiane Koseki
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Almut Niessen
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Till Flügel
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Ute Hidding
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Daniel Weiss
- Centre of Neurology, Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Christian K E Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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Blanco-Lezcano L, Alberti-Amador E, González-Fraguela ME, Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea G, Pérez-Serrano RM, Jiménez-Luna NA, Serrano-Sánchez T, Francis-Turner L, Camejo-Rodriguez D, Vega-Hurtado Y. Nurr1, Pitx3, and α7 nAChRs mRNA Expression in Nigral Tissue of Rats with Pedunculopontine Neurotoxic Lesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100616. [PMID: 31547185 PMCID: PMC6843810 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The knowledge that the cholinergic neurons from pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are vulnerable to the degeneration in early stages of the Parkinson disease progression has opened new perspectives to the development of experimental model focused in pontine lesions that could increase the risk of nigral degeneration. In this context it is known that PPN lesioned rats exhibit early changes in the gene expression of proteins responsible for dopaminergic homeostasis. At the same time, it is known that nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) mediate the excitatory influence of pontine-nigral projection. However, the effect of PPN injury on the expression of transcription factors that modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission in the adult brain as well as the α7 nAChRs gene expression has not been studied. The main objective of the present work was the study of the effects of the unilateral neurotoxic lesion of PPN in nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1), paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3 (Pitx3), and α7 nAChRs mRNA expression in nigral tissue. Materials and Methods: The molecular biology studies were performed by means of RT-PCR. The following experimental groups were organized: Non-treated rats, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-lesioned rats, and Sham operated rats. Experimental subjects were sacrificed 24 h, 48 h and seven days after PPN lesion. Results: Nurr1 mRNA expression, showed a significant increase both 24 h (p < 0.001) and 48 h (p < 0.01) after PPN injury. Pitx3 mRNA expression evidenced a significant increase 24 h (p < 0.001) followed by a significant decrease 48 h and seven days after PPN lesion (p < 0.01). Finally, the α7 nAChRs nigral mRNA expression remained significantly diminished 24 h, 48 h (p < 0.001), and 7 days (p < 0.01) after PPN neurotoxic injury. Conclusion: Taking together these modifications could represent early warning signals and could be the preamble to nigral neurodegeneration events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Blanco-Lezcano
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +53-7-271-6385 (ext. 219)
| | - Esteban Alberti-Amador
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | - María Elena González-Fraguela
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | | | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Querétaro 76176, Mexico; (G.Z.-L.d.L.); (R.M.P.-S.); (N.A.J.-L.)
| | - Nadia Angélica Jiménez-Luna
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Querétaro 76176, Mexico; (G.Z.-L.d.L.); (R.M.P.-S.); (N.A.J.-L.)
| | - Teresa Serrano-Sánchez
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | - Liliana Francis-Turner
- Experimental Group: “Experimental Models for Zoo-Human Sciences”, Faculty of Sciences, Tolima University, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Dianet Camejo-Rodriguez
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
| | - Yamilé Vega-Hurtado
- International Center of Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Playa, Havana 10300, Cuba; (E.A.-A.); (M.E.G.-F.); (T.S.-S.); (D.C.-R.); (Y.V.-H.)
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Wichmann T. Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1130-1143. [PMID: 31216379 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism-associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology/School of Medicine and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Hidding U, Gulberti A, Pflug C, Choe C, Horn A, Prilop L, Braaß H, Fründt O, Buhmann C, Weiss D, Westphal M, Engel A, Gerloff C, Köppen J, Hamel W, Moll C, Pötter-Nerger M. Modulation of specific components of sleep disturbances by simultaneous subthalamic and nigral stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 62:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Albin RL, Surmeier DJ, Tubert C, Sarter M, Müller ML, Bohnen NI, Dauer WT. Targeting the pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease: Time to go back to the drawing board. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1871-1875. [PMID: 30398673 PMCID: PMC6448144 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger L. Albin
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS GRECC, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Cecilia Tubert
- Dept. of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Martin Sarter
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Martijn L.T.M. Müller
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Dept of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS GRECC, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Dept of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - William T. Dauer
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS GRECC, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Dept of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Di Giovanni G, Chagraoui A, Puginier E, Galati S, De Deurwaerdère P. Reciprocal interaction between monoaminergic systems and the pedunculopontine nucleus: Implication in the mechanism of L-DOPA. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 128:9-18. [PMID: 30149181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is part of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) and has been involved in the control of gait, posture, locomotion, sleep, and arousal. It likely participates in some motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and is regularly proposed as a surgical target to ameliorate gait, posture and sleep disorders in Parkinsonian patients. The PPN overlaps with the monoaminergic systems including dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline in the modulation of the above-mentioned functions. All these systems are involved in Parkinson's disease and the mechanism of the anti-Parkinsonian agents, mostly L-DOPA. This suggests that PPN interacts with monoaminergic neurons and vice versa. Some evidence indicates that the PPN sends cholinergic, glutamatergic and even gabaergic inputs to mesencephalic dopaminergic cells, with the data regarding serotonergic or noradrenergic cells being less well known. Similarly, the control exerted by the PPN on dopaminergic neurons, is multiple and complex, and more extensively explored than the other monoaminergic systems. The data on the influence of monoaminergic systems on PPN neuron activity are rather scarce. While there is evidence that the PPN influences the therapeutic response of L-DOPA, it is still difficult to discerne the reciprocal action of the PPN and monoaminergic systems in this action. Additional data are required to better understand the functional organization of monoaminergic inputs to the MLR including the PPN to get a clearer picture of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Emilie Puginier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Parkinson and movement Disorders Center Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 146 rue Léo Saignat, B.P.281, F-33000 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Impact of Combined Subthalamic Nucleus and Substantia Nigra Stimulation on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Patients. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:7306192. [PMID: 28246572 PMCID: PMC5299199 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7306192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to compare the tolerability and the effects of conventional subthalamic nucleus (STN) and combined subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra (STN+SNr) high-frequency stimulation in regard to neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients. In this single center, randomized, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial, twelve patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (1 female; age: 61.3 ± 7.3 years; disease duration: 12.3 ± 5.4 years; Hoehn and Yahr stage: 2.2 ± 0.39) were included. Apathy, fatigue, depression, and impulse control disorder were assessed using a comprehensive set of standardized rating scales and questionnaires such as the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-I), Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (QUIP-RS), and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Three patients that were initially assigned to the STN+SNr stimulation mode withdrew from the study within the first week due to discomfort. Statistical comparison of data retrieved from patients who completed the study revealed no significant differences between both stimulation conditions in terms of mean scores of scales measuring apathy, fatigue, depression, impulse control disorder, and quality of life. Individual cases showed an improvement of apathy under combined STN+SNr stimulation. In general, combined STN+SNr stimulation seems to be safe in terms of neuropsychiatric side effects, although careful patient selection and monitoring in the short-term period after changing stimulation settings are recommended.
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Bensaid M, Michel PP, Clark SD, Hirsch EC, François C. Role of pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons in the vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2015; 275 Pt 1:209-19. [PMID: 26571193 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cholinergic neurons, which exert excitatory nicotinic control over substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). This finding and other studies showing that nicotine, the preferential agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, is neuroprotective in experimental models of PD suggest that a deficit in PPN excitatory cholinergic inputs might contribute to the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD. To explore this possibility, we used lesion paradigms of dopaminergic and/or cholinergic systems in rats and monkeys. Consistent with our hypothesis, we observed that stereotaxic lesioning of PPN cholinergic neurons with diphtheria toxin coupled to urotensin II resulted in a significant loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons in rats and induced morphological changes in these neurons in macaques. Unexpectedly, a lesion of dopaminergic neurons induced by unilateral striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats, or by repeated systemic injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in macaques, led to a 29% and 7% loss of PPN cholinergic neurons, respectively. Lastly, when the PPN cholinergic lesion was performed in rats in which the dopaminergic lesion induced by 6-OHDA was in progress, loss of cholinergic neurons was more drastic than when each neurotransmitter system was lesioned separately. Thus, our results suggest that strong PPN cholinergic and dopaminergic interactions may be an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manale Bensaid
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Etienne C Hirsch
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Chantal François
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, UM75, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
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12
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Jimenez-Martin J, Blanco-Lezcano L, González-Fraguela M, Díaz-Hung ML, Serrano-Sánchez T, Almenares J, Francis-Turner L. Effect of neurotoxic lesion of pedunculopontine nucleus in nigral and striatal redox balance and motor performance in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 289:300-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Park E, Song I, Jang DP, Kim IY. The effect of low frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus on basal ganglia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2014; 577:16-21. [PMID: 24928224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) has recently been introduced as an alternative target to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease with severe and medically intractable axial symptoms such as gait and postural impairment. However, it is little known about how electrical stimulation of the PPN affects control of neuronal activities between the PPN and basal ganglia. We examined how low frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) affects control of neuronal activities between the PPN and basal ganglia in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. In order to identify the effect of low frequency stimulation on the PPTg, neuronal activity in both the STN and substantia nigra par reticulata (SNr) were recorded and subjected to quantitative analysis, including analysis of firing rates and firing patterns. In this study, we found that the firing rates of the STN and SNr were suppressed during low frequency stimulation of the PPTg. However, the firing pattern, in contrast to the firing rate, did not exhibit significant changes in either the STN or SNr of 6-OHDA lesioned rats during low frequency stimulation of the PPTg. In addition, we also found that the firing rate of STN and SNr neurons displaying burst and random pattern were decreased by low frequency stimulation of PPTg, while the neurons displaying regular pattern were not affected. These results indicate that low frequency stimulation of the PPTg affects neuronal activity in both the STN and SNr, and may represent electrophysiological efficacy of low frequency PPN stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Song
- Medial Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Pötter-Nerger M, Volkmann J. Deep brain stimulation for gait and postural symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 28:1609-15. [PMID: 24132849 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease, gait and balance difficulties have emerged as some of the main therapeutic concerns. During earlier stages of the disease, the dopamine-responsive aspects of gait disorder can be treated initially with dopaminergic drugs or deep brain stimulation. However, certain temporal aspects of parkinsonian gait disorder remain therapeutically resistant in both the short term and the long term. In this review, we summarize the effects of deep brain stimulation on gait and postural symptoms in the five currently available targets (subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, ventralis intermedius thalamic nucleus, pedunculopontine nucleus, and substantia nigra) and describe programming strategies for patients who are mainly disabled by gait problems.
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15
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Opposing regulation of dopaminergic activity and exploratory motor behavior by forebrain and brainstem cholinergic circuits. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1172. [PMID: 23132022 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transmission is critical for exploratory motor behaviour. A key regulator is acetylcholine; forebrain acetylcholine regulates striatal dopamine release, whereas brainstem cholinergic inputs regulate the transition of dopamine neurons from tonic to burst firing modes. How these sources of cholinergic activity combine to control dopamine efflux and exploratory motor behaviour is unclear. Here we show that mice lacking total forebrain acetylcholine exhibit enhanced frequency-dependent striatal dopamine release and are hyperactive in a novel environment, whereas mice lacking rostral brainstem acetylcholine are hypoactive. Exploratory motor behaviour is normalized by the removal of both cholinergic sources. Involvement of dopamine in the exploratory motor phenotypes observed in these mutants is indicated by their altered sensitivity to the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride. These results support a model in which forebrain and brainstem cholinergic systems act in tandem to regulate striatal dopamine signalling for proper control of motor activity.
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16
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Zhou FM, Lee CR. Intrinsic and integrative properties of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons. Neuroscience 2011; 198:69-94. [PMID: 21839148 PMCID: PMC3221915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The GABA projection neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are output neurons for the basal ganglia and thus critical for movement control. Their most striking neurophysiological feature is sustained, spontaneous high frequency spike firing. A fundamental question is: what are the key ion channels supporting the remarkable firing capability in these neurons? Recent studies indicate that these neurons express tonically active type 3 transient receptor potential (TRPC3) channels that conduct a Na-dependent inward current even at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. When the membrane potential reaches -60 mV, a voltage-gated persistent sodium current (I(NaP)) starts to activate, further depolarizing the membrane potential. At or slightly below -50 mV, the large transient voltage-activated sodium current (I(NaT)) starts to activate and eventually triggers the rapid rising phase of action potentials. SNr GABA neurons have a higher density of I(NaT), contributing to the faster rise and larger amplitude of action potentials, compared with the slow-spiking dopamine neurons. I(NaT) also recovers from inactivation more quickly in SNr GABA neurons than in nigral dopamine neurons. In SNr GABA neurons, the rising phase of the action potential triggers the activation of high-threshold, inactivation-resistant Kv3-like channels that can rapidly repolarize the membrane. These intrinsic ion channels provide SNr GABA neurons with the ability to fire spontaneous and sustained high frequency spikes. Additionally, robust GABA inputs from direct pathway medium spiny neurons in the striatum and GABA neurons in the globus pallidus may inhibit and silence SNr GABA neurons, whereas glutamate synaptic input from the subthalamic nucleus may induce burst firing in SNr GABA neurons. Thus, afferent GABA and glutamate synaptic inputs sculpt the tonic high frequency firing of SNr GABA neurons and the consequent inhibition of their targets into an integrated motor control signal that is further fine-tuned by neuromodulators including dopamine, serotonin, endocannabinoids, and H₂O₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-M Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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17
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c-Fos expression after deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson model. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Alam M, Heissler HE, Schwabe K, Krauss JK. Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus modulates neuronal hyperactivity and enhanced beta oscillatory activity of the subthalamic nucleus in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine model. Exp Neurol 2011; 233:233-42. [PMID: 22036687 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) area has been introduced as a novel surgical therapy for dopamine refractory gait problems, freezing and postural instability in the late stage of Parkinson's disease (PD). Lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPTg) nucleus, the equivalent of the PPN in rodents, were shown to reduce the elevated discharge rate of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. In order to further elucidate the modulatory effect of the PPTg on the STN we examined the effect of 25 Hz low frequency PPTg stimulation on neuronal single unit activity and oscillatory local field potentials (LFPs) of the STN, and on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of the primary motor cortex region in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA induced nigrostriatal lesions. Stimulation of the PPTg reduced the enhanced firing rate in the STN, without affecting the firing pattern or approximate entropy (ApEn). It also reduced the activity in the beta band (15-30 Hz) of the STN, which is elevated in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, without affecting beta activity in the motor cortex. We showed a modulatory effect of PPTg stimulation on altered neuronal STN activity in the PD 6-OHDA rat model, indicating that PPTg DBS may alter activity of the basal ganglia circuitry at least partially. It remains unclear, however, how these changes are exactly mediated and whether they are relevant with regard to the descending PPTg projections in the lower brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesbah Alam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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19
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The pedunculopontine nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:1461-8. [PMID: 21194002 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a brain stem locomotive center that is also involved in the processing of sensory and behavioral information. The PPN has been recently proposed as a potential target for the treatment of axial symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, results of the first series of PD patients treated with PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) have shown promising results. In this article, we review some of the basic aspects of the PPN as a target and the outcome of the recently published clinical trials.
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20
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Alam M, Schwabe K, Krauss JK. The pedunculopontine nucleus area: critical evaluation of interspecies differences relevant for its use as a target for deep brain stimulation. Brain 2010; 134:11-23. [PMID: 21147837 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the pedunculopontine nucleus has been highlighted as a target for deep brain stimulation for the treatment of freezing of postural instability and gait disorders in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. There is great controversy, however, as to the exact location of the optimal site for stimulation. In this review, we give an overview of anatomy and connectivity of the pedunculopontine nucleus area in rats, cats, non-human primates and humans. Additionally, we report on the behavioural changes after chemical or electrical manipulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus. We discuss the relation to adjacent regions of the pedunculopontine nucleus, such as the cuneiform nucleus and the subcuneiform nucleus, which together with the pedunculopontine nucleus are the main areas of the mesencephalic locomotor region and play a major role in the initiation of gait. This information is discussed with respect to the experimental designs used for research purposes directed to a better understanding of the circuitry pathway of the pedunculopontine nucleus in association with basal ganglia pathology, and with respect to deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesbah Alam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Spieles-Engemann AL, Collier TJ, Sortwell CE. A functionally relevant and long-term model of deep brain stimulation of the rat subthalamic nucleus: advantages and considerations. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:1092-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Acute inactivation of the medial forebrain bundle imposes oscillations in the SNr: A challenge for the 6-OHDA model? Exp Neurol 2010; 225:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Rauch F, Schwabe K, Krauss JK. Effect of deep brain stimulation in the pedunculopontine nucleus on motor function in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson model. Behav Brain Res 2010; 210:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Walters JR, Bergstrom DA. Synchronous Activity in Basal Ganglia Circuits. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374767-9.00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Avila I, Parr-Brownlie LC, Brazhnik E, Castañeda E, Bergstrom DA, Walters JR. Beta frequency synchronization in basal ganglia output during rest and walk in a hemiparkinsonian rat. Exp Neurol 2009; 221:307-19. [PMID: 19948166 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Synchronized oscillatory neuronal activity in the beta frequency range has been observed in the basal ganglia of Parkinson's disease patients and hypothesized to be antikinetic. The unilaterally lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease allows examination of this hypothesis by direct comparison of beta activity in basal ganglia output in non-lesioned and dopamine cell lesioned hemispheres during motor activity. Bilateral substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) recordings of units and local field potentials (LFP) were obtained with EMG activity from the scapularis muscle in control and unilaterally nigrostriatal lesioned rats trained to walk on a rotary treadmill. After left hemispheric lesion, rats had difficulty walking contraversive on the treadmill but could walk in the ipsiversive direction. During inattentive rest, SNpr LFP power in the 12-25 Hz range (low beta) was significantly greater in the dopamine-depleted hemisphere than in non-lesioned and control hemispheres. During walking, low beta power was reduced in all hemispheres, while 25-40 Hz (high beta) activity was selectively increased in the lesioned hemisphere. High beta power increases were reduced by l-DOPA administration. SNpr spiking was significantly more synchronized with SNpr low beta LFP oscillations during rest and high beta LFP oscillations during walking in the dopamine-depleted hemispheres compared with non-lesioned hemispheres. Data show that dopamine loss is associated with opposing changes in low and high beta range SNpr activity during rest and walk and suggest that increased synchronization of high beta activity in SNpr output from the lesioned hemisphere during walking may contribute to gait impairment in the hemiparkinsonian rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Avila
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35 Room 1C 905, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, USA
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26
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Motor activity-induced dopamine release in the substantia nigra is regulated by muscarinic receptors. Exp Neurol 2009; 221:251-9. [PMID: 19944096 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nigro-striatal neurons release dopamine not only from their axon terminals in the striatum, but also from somata and dendrites in the substantia nigra. Somatodendritic dopamine release in the substantia nigra can facilitate motor function by mechanisms that may act independently of axon terminal dopamine release in the striatum. The dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra receive a cholinergic input from the pedunculopontine nucleus. Despite recent efforts to introduce this nucleus as a potential target for deep brain stimulation to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease; and the well-known antiparkinsonian effects of anticholinergic drugs; the cholinergic influence on somatodendritic dopamine release is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible regulation of locomotor-induced dopamine release in the substantia nigra by endogenous acetylcholine release. In intact and 6-OHDA hemi-lesioned animals alike, the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine, when perfused in the substantia nigra, amplified the locomotor-induced somatodendritic dopamine release to approximately 200% of baseline, compared to 120-130% of baseline in vehicle-treated animals. A functional importance of nigral muscarinic receptor activation was demonstrated in hemi-lesioned animals, where motor performance was significantly improved by scopolamine to 82% of pre-lesion performance, as compared to 56% in vehicle-treated controls. The results indicate that muscarinic activity in the substantia nigra is of functional importance in an animal Parkinson's disease model, and strengthen the notion that nigral dopaminergic regulation of motor activity/performance is independent of striatal dopamine release.
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27
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Di Giovanni G, Shi WX. Effects of scopolamine on dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra: role of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Synapse 2009; 63:673-80. [PMID: 19360852 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous neurochemical and behavioral studies suggest that muscarinic receptor antagonism has an excitatory effect on the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. Using in vivo extracellular single unit recording, this study examined whether blockade of the muscarinic receptor by scopolamine alters the firing properties of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Scopolamine was administered either systemically or locally to DA neurons using microiontophoresis. Surprisingly, scopolamine did not cause any significant change in either the firing rate or pattern of the spontaneously active DA neurons. However, systemic injection of scopolamine significantly increased the number of active DA neurons in the SN. Local infusion of scopolamine into the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) mimicked the effect induced by systemically administered scopolamine, significantly increasing the number of active DA neurons without altering the firing rate and pattern. These results suggest that the reported increase in striatal DA release induced by scopolamine is in part mediated by activation of silent nigral DA neurons. The experiments with PPT local infusion further suggest that part of the effect of scopolamine may be due to its blockade of the inhibitory muscarinic autoreceptors on PPT cholinergic cells. The latter effect may lead to activation of quiescent DA neurons by increasing acetylcholine (ACh) release in the SN or in other brain areas providing inputs to DA neurons. Further understanding of the mechanism of action of scopolamine may help us further understand the role of ACh in both the pathophysiology and treatment of DA-related disorders including schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G Pagano, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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28
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Reyes S, Mitrofanis J. Patterns of FOS expression in the spinal cord and periaqueductal grey matter of 6OHDA-lesioned rats. Int J Neurosci 2008; 118:1053-79. [PMID: 18576208 DOI: 10.1080/00207450701239210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A less well-known feature of Parkinson disease is that up to 40% of patients experience distinct sensory disturbances, including hyperalgesia and chronic pain. There is a limited understanding of the neural mechanisms that generate these symptoms, however. This study explores the patterns of Fos expression (a well-known marker for changes in cell activity) in the spinal cord and periaqueductal grey matter (PaG), two major sensory (nociceptive) centers, of hemiParkinsonian rats. The medial forebrain bundle (mfb; major tract carrying dopaminergic nigrostriatal axons) was injected with either 6OHDA or saline (controls). A week later, some rats were subjected to mechanical stimulation (pinching) of the hindpaw for 2 h, whereas others received no stimulation. Thereafter, brains were processed using routine tyrosine hydroxylase (marker for dopaminergic cells) or Fos immunocytochemistry. In the PaG, there were many more Fos(+) cells in the 6OHDA-lesioned than in the Control group, in both the stimulation and, in particular, the non-stimulation cases. In the spinal cord, there were also more Fos(+) cells in the 6OHDA-lesioned than in the Control group, but in the stimulation cases only. Overall, the results show distinct changes in Fos expression in the spinal cord and PaG of 6OHDA-lesioned rats, suggesting a substrate for some of the abnormal sensory (nociceptive) circuits that may be evident in parkinsonian cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Reyes
- Department Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Aravamuthan BR, Bergstrom DA, French RA, Taylor JJ, Parr-Brownlie LC, Walters JR. Altered neuronal activity relationships between the pedunculopontine nucleus and motor cortex in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2008; 213:268-80. [PMID: 18601924 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a new deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for Parkinson's disease (PD), but little is known about PPN firing pattern alterations in PD. The anesthetized rat is a useful model for investigating the effects of dopamine loss on the transmission of oscillatory cortical activity through basal ganglia structures. After dopamine loss, synchronous oscillatory activity emerges in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata in phase with cortical slow oscillations. To investigate the impact of dopamine cell lesion-induced changes in basal ganglia output on activity in the PPN, this study examines PPN spike timing with reference to motor cortex (MCx) local field potential (LFP) activity in urethane- or ketamine-anesthetized rats. Seven to ten days after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the medial forebrain bundle, spectral power in PPN spike trains and coherence between PPN spiking and PPN LFP activity increased in the approximately 1 Hz range in urethane-anesthetized rats. PPN spike timing also changed from firing predominantly in phase with MCx slow oscillations in the intact urethane-anesthetized rat to firing predominantly antiphase to MCx oscillations in the hemi-parkinsonian rat. These changes were not observed in the ketamine-anesthetized preparation. These observations suggest that dopamine loss alters PPN spike timing by increasing inhibitory oscillatory input to the PPN from basal ganglia output nuclei, a phenomenon that may be relevant to motor dysfunction and PPN DBS efficacy in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhooma R Aravamuthan
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, USA
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30
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Luquin N, Mitrofanis J. Does the cerebral cortex exacerbate dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra of 6OHDA-lesioned rats? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2008; 14:213-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Parr-Brownlie LC, Poloskey SL, Flanagan KK, Eisenhofer G, Bergstrom DA, Walters JR. Dopamine lesion-induced changes in subthalamic nucleus activity are not associated with alterations in firing rate or pattern in layer V neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex in anesthetized rats. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:1925-39. [PMID: 17897398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is thought to underlie movement deficits of patients with Parkinson's disease. Alterations in STN firing patterns are also evident in the anesthetized rat model of Parkinson's disease, where studies show that loss of striatal dopamine and concomitant changes in the indirect pathway are associated with bursty and oscillatory firing patterns in STN output. However, the extent to which alterations in cortical activity contribute to changes in STN activity is unclear. As pyramidal neurons in the cingulate cortex project directly to the STN, cingulate output was assessed after dopamine lesion by simultaneously recording single-unit and local field potential (LFP) activities in STN and anterior cingulate cortex in control, dopamine-lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres of urethane-anesthetized rats. Correlated oscillations were observed in cross-correlograms of spike trains from STN and cingulate layer V neurons with broad waveforms indicative of pyramidal neurons. One-2 weeks after dopamine cell lesion, firing rate, incidence of bursty and 0.3-2.5 Hz oscillatory activity of neurons and LFP power in the STN all increased significantly. In contrast, firing rate, incidence of bursty and 0.3-2.5 Hz oscillatory activity of cingulate layer V putative pyramidal neurons and power in cingulate LFPs did not differ significantly between dopamine-lesioned, non-lesioned or control hemispheres, despite significant loss of dopamine in the lesioned cingulate cortex. Data show that alterations in STN activity in the dopamine-lesioned hemisphere are not associated with alterations in neuronal activity in layer V of the anterior cingulate cortex in anesthetized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Parr-Brownlie
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35 Room 1C 905, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, USA.
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Hamani C, Stone S, Laxton A, Lozano AM. The pedunculopontine nucleus and movement disorders: Anatomy and the role for deep brain stimulation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007; 13 Suppl 3:S276-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Breit S, Lessmann L, Unterbrink D, Popa RC, Gasser T, Schulz JB. Lesion of the pedunculopontine nucleus reverses hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24:2275-82. [PMID: 17042796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are reciprocally connected by excitatory projections. In the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model the PPN was found to be hyperactive. Similarly, the STN and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) showed increased activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) animal models. A lesion of the STN was shown to restore increased activity levels in the SNr of 6-OHDA-treated rats. As the STN and the PPN were reciprocally connected by excitatory projections and both structures were shown to be hyperactive in PD animal models, the present study was performed in order to investigate the changes in neuronal activity of the STN and SNr under urethane anesthesia after unilateral ibotenic acid lesioning of the PPN in animals with previous unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The firing rate of STN neurons significantly increased from 10.3 +/- 0.6 spikes/s (mean +/- SEM) to 17.8 +/- 1.8 spikes/s after SNc lesion and returned to normal levels of 10.8 +/- 0.7 spikes/s after additional lesion of the PPN. Similarly, the firing rate of SNr neurons significantly increased from 19.0 +/- 1.1 to 25.9 +/- 1.4 spikes/s after SNc lesion, the hyperactivity being reversed after additional PPN lesion to 16.8 +/- 1.2 spikes/s. The reversal of STN and SNr hyperactivity of 6-OHDA-treated rats by additional PPN lesion suggests an important modulatory influence of the PPN on STN activity. Moreover, these findings could indicate a new therapeutic strategy in PD by interventional modulation of the PPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Breit
- Center of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Gomez-Gallego M, Fernandez-Villalba E, Fernandez-Barreiro A, Herrero MT. Changes in the neuronal activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus in chronic MPTP-treated primates: an in situ hybridization study of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, choline acetyl transferase and substance P mRNA expression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 114:319-26. [PMID: 16988796 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus is a mesencephalic nucleus that has widespread and reciprocal connections with the basal ganglia. It has been implicated in the physiopathology of akinesia, rigidity, gait failure and sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease. In this study, in situ hybridization was used to examine the changes in neuronal metabolic activity (measuring cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and in the level of acetylcholine and Substance P synthesis in the pedunculopontine nucleus of monkeys chronically treated with MPTP. Significant reductions were observed in cytochrome oxidase subunit I (p = 0.001), choline acetyl transferase (p = 0.003) and substance P (p = 0.006) mRNA expression in parkinsonian animals compared with controls, indicating that pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons activity decreases with parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gomez-Gallego
- Department of Neurology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
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Ainge JA, Keating GL, Latimer MP, Winn P. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and responding for sucrose reward. Behav Neurosci 2006; 120:563-70. [PMID: 16768608 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) lesions in rodents lead to increased sucrose consumption, but the psychological deficit behind this remains uncertain. To understand better the relationship between consumption of, and motivation for, sucrose, the authors trained rats to traverse a runway for 20% or 4% sucrose solution; after 7 days, concentrations were reversed. Control rats consumed more 20% than 4% sucrose solution and promptly altered run times in response to concentration change. PPTg-lesioned rats consumed normal quantities of 4% but more 20% sucrose solution than controls and took longer to alter their runway time following the concentration change. These data suggest that lesions of the PPTg do not alter motivation per se and might be better understood as inducing a response selection deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Ainge
- School of PsychologyUniversity of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
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