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Jiang X, Zhou L, Sun Z, Xie B, Lin H, Gao X, Deng L, Yang C. MSCs overexpressing GDNF restores brain structure and neurological function in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:43. [PMID: 38008847 PMCID: PMC10678901 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied in transplantation to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) but with limited efficacy. Accumulated evidence has shown that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays a crucial part in neuronal protection and functional recovery of the brain after ICH; however, GDNF has difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, which limits its application. In this study, we investigated the influences of MSCs overexpressing GDNF (MSCs/GDNF) on the brain structure as well as gait of rats after ICH and explored the possible mechanisms. We found that cell transplantation could reverse the neurological dysfunction and brain damage caused by ICH to a certain extent, and MSCs/GDNF transplantation was superior to MSCs transplantation. Moreover, Transplantation of MSCs overexpressing GDNF effectively reduced the volume of bleeding foci and increased the level of glucose uptake in rats with ICH, which could be related to improving mitochondrial quality. Furthermore, GDNF produced by transplanted MSCs/GDNF further inhibited neuroinflammation, improved mitochondrial quality and function, promoted angiogenesis and the survival of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and enhanced synaptic plasticity in ICH rats when compared with simple MSC transplantation. Overall, our data indicate that GDNF overexpression heightens the curative effect of MSC implantation in treating rats following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Clinical Skills Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihuan Sun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoxian Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Preclinical Medicine Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Min K, Kong JS, Kim J, Kim J, Gao G, Cho DW, Han HH. Three-Dimensional Microfilament Printing of a Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (dECM) Bioink Using a Microgel Printing Bath for Nerve Graft Fabrication and the Effectiveness of dECM Graft Combined with a Polycaprolactone Conduit. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1591-1603. [PMID: 35324142 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various synthetic and decellularized materials are being used to reconstruct peripheral nerve defects and replace autologous nerve grafts. In this study, we developed a microgel printing bath to three-dimensionally (3D) print a peripheral nervous system decellularized extracellular matrix nerve graft reinforced by a polycaprolactone (PCL) conduit. The straightforward fabrication method of an alginate microgel-supplemented printing bath allows a 30 μm filament resolution of a low viscous decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel with neutral pH. When applied to a sciatic nerve defect model of rats, the total number of regenerated axons and relative gastrocnemius muscle weight ratio were comparable to those of the autologous nerve graft group. Meanwhile, the results were superior to those of the porcine decellularized nerve graft group or the 3D printed decellularized extracellular matrix graft group. This study will be the first step demonstrating that the 3D printed decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) graft with a PCL conduit is an effective and reliable choice to replace an autologous nerve graft in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghyun Min
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sik Kong
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Engineering Medicine Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Jessen KR, Mirsky R. The Role of c-Jun and Autocrine Signaling Loops in the Control of Repair Schwann Cells and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:820216. [PMID: 35221918 PMCID: PMC8863656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.820216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After nerve injury, both Schwann cells and neurons switch to pro-regenerative states. For Schwann cells, this involves reprogramming of myelin and Remak cells to repair Schwann cells that provide the signals and mechanisms needed for the survival of injured neurons, myelin clearance, axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. Because functional repair cells are essential for regeneration, it is unfortunate that their phenotype is not robust. Repair cell activation falters as animals get older and the repair phenotype fades during chronic denervation. These malfunctions are important reasons for the poor outcomes after nerve damage in humans. This review will discuss injury-induced Schwann cell reprogramming and the concept of the repair Schwann cell, and consider the molecular control of these cells with emphasis on c-Jun. This transcription factor is required for the generation of functional repair cells, and failure of c-Jun expression is implicated in repair cell failures in older animals and during chronic denervation. Elevating c-Jun expression in repair cells promotes regeneration, showing in principle that targeting repair cells is an effective way of improving nerve repair. In this context, we will outline the emerging evidence that repair cells are sustained by autocrine signaling loops, attractive targets for interventions aimed at promoting regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R. Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Saffari TM, Badreldin A, Mathot F, Bagheri L, Bishop AT, van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. Surgical angiogenesis modifies the cellular environment of nerve allografts in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. Gene 2020; 751:144711. [PMID: 32353583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiam M Saffari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amr Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Femke Mathot
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Mathot F, Rbia N, Thaler R, Bishop AT, Van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. Gene expression profiles of differentiated and undifferentiated adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells dynamically seeded onto a processed nerve allograft. Gene 2019; 724:144151. [PMID: 31626959 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into Schwann-like cells onto processed nerve allografts may support peripheral nerve repair. The purpose of this study was to understand the biological characteristics of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs before and after seeding onto a processed nerve allograft by comparing gene expression profiles. METHODS MSCs from Lewis rats were cultured in maintenance media or differentiated into Schwann-like cells. Both treatment groups were dynamically seeded onto decellularized nerve allografts derived from Sprague-Dawley rats. Gene expression was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of representative biomarkers, including neurotrophic (GDNF, PTN, GAP43, PMP22), angiogenic (CD31, VEGF1), extracellular matrix (ECM) (COL1A1, COL3A1, FBLN1, LAMB2) or cell cycle (CAPS3, CCBN2) genes. Gene expression values were statistically evaluated using a 2-factor ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS Baseline gene expression of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs was significantly altered upon interaction with processed nerve allografts. Interaction between processed allografts and undifferentiated MSCs enhanced expression of neurotrophic (NGF, GDNF, PMP22), ECM (FBLN1, LAMB2) and regulatory cell cycle genes (CCNB2) during a 7-day time course. Interactions of differentiated MSCs with nerve allografts enhanced expression of neurotrophic (NGF, GDNF, GAP43), angiogenic (VEGF1), ECM (FBLN1) and regulatory cell cycle genes (CASP3, CCNB2) within one week. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic seeding onto processed nerve allografts modulates temporal gene expression profiles of differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs. These changes in gene expressions may support the reparative functions of MSCs in supporting nerve regeneration in different stages of axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Mathot
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J Van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Rbia N, Bulstra LF, Lewallen EA, Hovius SER, van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. Seeding decellularized nerve allografts with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: An in vitro analysis of the gene expression and growth factors produced. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:1316-1325. [PMID: 31175032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete many soluble growth factors and have previously been shown to stimulate nerve regeneration. MSC-seeded processed nerve allografts could potentially be a promising method for large segmental motor nerve injuries. Further progress in our understanding of how the functions of MSCs can be leveraged for peripheral nerve repair is required before making clinical translation. The present study, therefore, investigated whether interactions of adipose-derived MSCs with decellularized nerve allografts can improve gene and protein expression of growth factors that may support nerve regeneration. Human nerve allografts (n = 30) were decellularized and seeded with undifferentiated human adipose-derived MSCs. Subsequently, the MSCs and MSC-seeded grafts were isolated on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 in culture for RNA expression analysis by qRT-PCR. Evaluated genes included NGF, BDNF, PTN, GAP43, MBP, PMP22, VEGF, and CD31. Growth factor production was evaluated and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On day 21, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that adherence of MSCs to nerve allografts significantly enhances mRNA expression of neurotrophic, angiogenic, endothelial, and myelination markers (e.g., BDNF, VEGF, CD31, and MBP). ELISA results revealed an upregulation of BDNF and reduction of both VEGF and NGF protein levels. This study demonstrates that seeding of undifferentiated adipose-derived MSCs onto processed nerve allografts permits the secretion of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors that can stimulate nerve regeneration. These favorable molecular changes suggest that MSC supplementation of nerve allografts may have potential in improving nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liselotte F Bulstra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, 100 E Queen St, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Steven E R Hovius
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Xpert Clinic, Hand and Wrist Surgery, Jan Leentvaarlaan 14-24, 3065 DC Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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7
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Uz M, Das SR, Ding S, Sakaguchi DS, Claussen JC, Mallapragada SK. Advances in Controlling Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701046. [PMID: 29656561 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult stems cells, possessing the ability to grow, migrate, proliferate, and transdifferentiate into various specific phenotypes, constitute a great asset for peripheral nerve regeneration. Adult stem cells' ability to undergo transdifferentiation is sensitive to various cell-to-cell interactions and external stimuli involving interactions with physical, mechanical, and chemical cues within their microenvironment. Various studies have employed different techniques for transdifferentiating adult stem cells from distinct sources into specific lineages (e.g., glial cells and neurons). These techniques include chemical and/or electrical induction as well as cell-to-cell interactions via co-culture along with the use of various 3D conduit/scaffold designs. Such scaffolds consist of unique materials that possess controllable physical/mechanical properties mimicking cells' natural extracellular matrix. However, current limitations regarding non-scalable transdifferentiation protocols, fate commitment of transdifferentiated stem cells, and conduit/scaffold design have required new strategies for effective stem cells transdifferentiation and implantation. In this progress report, a comprehensive review of recent advances in the transdifferentiation of adult stem cells via different approaches along with multifunctional conduit/scaffolds designs is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration. Potential cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with differentiation are also included. The discussion with current challenges in the field and an outlook toward future research directions is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Suprem R. Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Donald S. Sakaguchi
- Neuroscience Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jonathan C. Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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Busuttil F, Rahim AA, Phillips JB. Combining Gene and Stem Cell Therapy for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:231-238. [PMID: 27960587 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a substantially increased understanding of neuropathophysiology, insufficient functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury remains a significant clinical challenge. Nerve regeneration following injury is dependent on Schwann cells, the supporting cells in the peripheral nervous system. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells adopt a proregenerative phenotype, which supports and guides regenerating nerves. However, this phenotype may not persist long enough to ensure functional recovery. Tissue-engineered nerve repair devices containing therapeutic cells that maintain the appropriate phenotype may help enhance nerve regeneration. The combination of gene and cell therapy is an emerging experimental strategy that seeks to provide the optimal environment for axonal regeneration and reestablishment of functional circuits. This review aims to summarize current preclinical evidence with potential for future translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Busuttil
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - James B Phillips
- 2 Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , London, United Kingdom
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Dose-Dependent Differential Effect of Neurotrophic Factors on In Vitro and In Vivo Regeneration of Motor and Sensory Neurons. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4969523. [PMID: 27867665 PMCID: PMC5102746 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4969523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peripheral axons can regenerate after nerve transection and repair, functional recovery is usually poor due to inaccurate reinnervation. Neurotrophic factors promote directional guidance to regenerating axons and their selective application may help to improve functional recovery. Hence, we have characterized in organotypic cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia the effect of GDNF, FGF-2, NGF, NT-3, and BDNF at different concentrations on motor and sensory neurite outgrowth. In vitro results show that GDNF and FGF-2 enhanced both motor and sensory neurite outgrowth, NGF and NT-3 were the most selective to enhance sensory neurite outgrowth, and high doses of BDNF selectively enhanced motor neurite outgrowth. Then, NGF, NT-3, and BDNF (as the most selective factors) were delivered in a collagen matrix within a silicone tube to repair the severed sciatic nerve of rats. Quantification of Fluorogold retrolabeled neurons showed that NGF and NT-3 did not show preferential effect on sensory regeneration whereas BDNF preferentially promoted motor axons regeneration. Therefore, the selective effects of NGF and NT-3 shown in vitro are lost when they are applied in vivo, but a high dose of BDNF is able to selectively enhance motor neuron regeneration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Bianco J, De Berdt P, Deumens R, des Rieux A. Taking a bite out of spinal cord injury: do dental stem cells have the teeth for it? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1413-37. [PMID: 26768693 PMCID: PMC11108394 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dental stem cells are an emerging star on a stage that is already quite populated. Recently, there has been a lot of hype concerning these cells in dental therapies, especially in regenerative endodontics. It is fitting that most research is concentrated on dental regeneration, although other uses for these cells need to be explored in more detail. Being a true mesenchymal stem cell, their capacities could also prove beneficial in areas outside their natural environment. One such field is the central nervous system, and in particular, repairing the injured spinal cord. One of the most formidable challenges in regenerative medicine is to restore function to the injured spinal cord, and as yet, a cure for paralysis remains to be discovered. A variety of approaches have already been tested, with graft-based strategies utilising cells harbouring appropriate properties for neural regeneration showing encouraging results. Here we present a review focusing on properties of dental stem cells that endorse their use in regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis on repairing the damaged spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bianco
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Focal release of neurotrophic factors by biodegradable microspheres enhance motor and sensory axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Brain Res 2016; 1636:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Gu X, Ding F, Williams DF. Neural tissue engineering options for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6143-56. [PMID: 24818883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) have emerged as a potential alternative to autologous nerve grafts, the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair. Typically, TENGs are composed of a biomaterial-based template that incorporates biochemical cues. A number of TENGs have been used experimentally to bridge long peripheral nerve gaps in various animal models, where the desired outcome is nerve tissue regeneration and functional recovery. So far, the translation of TENGs to the clinic for use in humans has met with a certain degree of success. In order to optimize the TENG design and further approach the matching of TENGs with autologous nerve grafts, many new cues, beyond the traditional ones, will have to be integrated into TENGs. Furthermore, there is a strong requirement for monitoring the real-time dynamic information related to the construction of TENGs. The aim of this opinion paper is to specifically and critically describe the latest advances in the field of neural tissue engineering for peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we delineate new attempts in the design of template (or scaffold) materials, especially in the context of biocompatibility, the choice and handling of support cells, and growth factor release systems. We further discuss the significance of RNAi for peripheral nerve regeneration, anticipate the potential application of RNAi reagents for TENGs, and speculate on the possible contributions of additional elements, including angiogenesis, electrical stimulation, molecular inflammatory mediators, bioactive peptides, antioxidant reagents, and cultured biological constructs, to TENGs. Finally, we consider that a diverse array of physicochemical and biological cues must be orchestrated within a TENG to create a self-consistent coordinated system with a close proximity to the regenerative microenvironment of the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China.
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - David F Williams
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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LIU GUOMIN, WANG XUKAI, SHAO GUOXI, LIU QINYI. Genetically modified Schwann cells producing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor inhibit neuronal apoptosis in rat spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1305-12. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Zhao Q, Cai D, Bai Y. Selegiline rescues gait deficits and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a subacute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:883-91. [PMID: 23877198 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, selegiline, is often recommended as a first-line treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been shwon to possess neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether selegiline increases the levels of the neurotrophic factors (NTFs), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and whether it rescues motor dysfunction and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced lesions. We found that the oral administration of selegiline (1.0 mg/kg/day for 14 days) successfully suppressed the MPTP-induced reduction of nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal fibers (192.68 and 162.76% of MPTP-exposed animals, respectively; both P<0.001). Moreover, improvements in gait dysfunction were observed after 7 and 14 days of a low dose of selegiline that is reported not to inhibit MAO‑B. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in GDNF and BDNF mRNA (2.10 and 2.75-fold) and protein levels (143.53 and 157.05%) in the selegiline-treated mice compared with the saline-treated MPTP-exposed mice. In addition, the Bax/Bcl-2 gene and protein expression ratios were significantly increased in the MPTP-exposed mice, and this effect was reversed by selegiline. Correlation analysis revealed that gait measurement and GDNF/BDNF levels positively correlated with the number of dopaminergic neurons. These findings demonstrate that selegiline has neurorescue effects that are possibly associated with the induction of NTFs and anti-apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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15
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Yin LL, Lin LL, Zhang L, Li L. Epimedium flavonoids ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats by modulating neuroinflammatory and neurotrophic responses. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:851-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Local substitution of GDF-15 improves axonal and sensory recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:225-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Irintchev A, Wu MM, Lee HJ, Zhu H, Feng YP, Liu YS, Bernreuther C, Loers G, You SW, Schachner M. Glycomimetic improves recovery after femoral injury in a non-human primate. J Neurotrauma 2012; 28:1295-306. [PMID: 21463132 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, restoration of function after peripheral nerve injury is often poor and effective therapies are not available. Previously we have shown in mice that a peptide which functionally mimics the human natural killer cell (HNK)-1 trisaccharide epitope significantly improves the outcome of femoral nerve injury. Here we evaluated the translational potential of this treatment using primates. We applied a linear HNK-1 mimetic or a functionally inactive control peptide in silicone cuffs used to reconstruct the cut femoral nerves of adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Functional recovery was evaluated using video-based gait analysis over a 160-day observation period. The final outcome was further assessed using force measurements, H-reflex recordings, nerve histology, and ELISA to assess immunoreactivity to HNK-1 in the treated monkeys. Gait deficits were significantly reduced in HNK-1 mimetic-treated compared with control peptide-treated animals between 60 and 160 days after injury. Better outcome at 160 days after surgery in treated versus control animals was also confirmed by improved quadriceps muscle force, enhanced H-reflex amplitude, decreased H-reflex latency, and larger diameters of regenerated axons. No adverse reactions to the mimetic, in particular immune responses resulting in antibodies against the HNK-1 mimetic or immune cell infiltration into the damaged nerve, were observed. These results indicate the potential of the HNK-1 mimetic as an efficient, feasible, and safe adjunct treatment for nerve injuries requiring surgical repair in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Irintchev
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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de Boer R, Borntraeger A, Knight AM, Hébert-Blouin MN, Spinner RJ, Malessy MJA, Yaszemski MJ, Windebank AJ. Short- and long-term peripheral nerve regeneration using a poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid scaffold containing nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor releasing microspheres. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2139-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Harada S, Suzuki SO, Seki Y, Nakamura S, Iwaki T. Differential activation of proapoptotic molecules between mouse and rat models of distal motor trigeminal denervation. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:354-60. [PMID: 22084907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed a rat trigeminal motor neuron axotomy model involving masseter and temporal muscle resection to study pathological changes of the central nucleus after peripheral nerve injury caused by oral surgery. Because motor neurons are reported to be more vulnerable to axotomy in mice than rats, we compared the degeneration process of the trigeminal motor nucleus in the rat model with a similar mouse model. METHODS We removed masseter and temporal muscles of adult mice or rats. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days post-operation, and the trigeminal motor nuclei were histologically analyzed. RESULTS Size reduction, but no neuronal loss, was seen in the trigeminal motor nuclei in both mice and rats. Time-dependent Noxa expression, starting at 1 week post-operation (wpo), was seen in the mouse model. By 8 wpo, mice expressed a higher level of Noxa than rats. Additionally, we noted persistent expression of cleaved caspase-3 in mice but not in rats. Conversely, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), which executes DNA fragmentation in the nucleus, was not translocated to the nucleus in either model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate differential activation of motor neuron apoptosis pathways after axotomy in mice and rats. Lack of activation of caspase-independent pathways and distal end denervation in our model might be related to the survival of motor neurons after axonal injury. These findings could be relevant to future neuroprotective strategies for peripheral nerve injury caused by oral surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Harada
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Lin YC, Marra KG. Injectable systems and implantable conduits for peripheral nerve repair. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:024102. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Horst M, Madduri S, Gobet R, Sulser T, Milleret V, Hall H, Atala A, Eberli D. Engineering functional bladder tissues. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:515-22. [DOI: 10.1002/term.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Horst
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology; University Hospital; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology; University Hospital; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery; University Children's Hospital; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology; University Hospital; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Vinzent Milleret
- Cells and Biomaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Heike Hall
- Cells and Biomaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Winston-Salem; North Carolina; USA
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology; University Hospital; Zurich; Switzerland
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22
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Madduri S, Gander B. Growth factor delivery systems and repair strategies for damaged peripheral nerves. J Control Release 2011; 161:274-82. [PMID: 22178593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nerve conduits (NCs) are, in certain cases, instrumental for repairing damaged peripheral nerves, although therapeutic efficacy remains often suboptimal. Considerable efforts have been made to improve the therapeutic performance of NCs. This article reviews recent developments in NC-technology for peripheral nerve regeneration with a main focus on growth factors delivery systems and repair strategies. Commonly used materials for NC fabrication include collagen, silk fibroin, and biodegradable aliphatic polyesters. The basic NC structure, i.e., a hollow tube, can be manufactured by diverse methods: spinning mandrel technology, sheet rolling, injection-molding, freeze-drying, and electro-spinning. Polymeric and cellular delivery systems for growth factors can be integrated in the NC wall or within luminal structures such as gels, fibers, or biological materials providing binding affinity for the bioactive compounds. NCs with sustained growth factor delivery generally improve significantly the axonal outgrowth in nerve defect models, although restoration of sensory and motor functions remains inferior to that achieved with autologous nerve grafts. To improve therapeutic outcomes, further biofunctionalization of NCs will be needed, i.e., adjusting degradation kinetics of NC scaffolding to be compatible with axonal regeneration; delivering multiple growth factors at individually optimized kinetics; incorporating modality specific glial cells and furnishing NCs with guiding nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Daly W, Yao L, Zeugolis D, Windebank A, Pandit A. A biomaterials approach to peripheral nerve regeneration: bridging the peripheral nerve gap and enhancing functional recovery. J R Soc Interface 2011; 9:202-21. [PMID: 22090283 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsurgical techniques for the treatment of large peripheral nerve injuries (such as the gold standard autograft) and its main clinically approved alternative--hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs)--have a number of limitations that need to be addressed. NGCs, in particular, are limited to treating a relatively short nerve gap (4 cm in length) and are often associated with poor functional recovery. Recent advances in biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches are seeking to overcome the limitations associated with these treatment methods. This review critically discusses the advances in biomaterial-based NGCs, their limitations and where future improvements may be required. Recent developments include the incorporation of topographical guidance features and/or intraluminal structures, which attempt to guide Schwann cell (SC) migration and axonal regrowth towards their distal targets. The use of such strategies requires consideration of the size and distribution of these topographical features, as well as a suitable surface for cell-material interactions. Likewise, cellular and molecular-based therapies are being considered for the creation of a more conductive nerve microenvironment. For example, hurdles associated with the short half-lives and low stability of molecular therapies are being surmounted through the use of controlled delivery systems. Similarly, cells (SCs, stem cells and genetically modified cells) are being delivered with biomaterial matrices in attempts to control their dispersion and to facilitate their incorporation within the host regeneration process. Despite recent advances in peripheral nerve repair, there are a number of key factors that need to be considered in order for these new technologies to reach the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Daly
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, Dangan, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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Pabari A, Yang SY, Mosahebi A, Seifalian AM. Recent advances in artificial nerve conduit design: Strategies for the delivery of luminal fillers. J Control Release 2011; 156:2-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Spatially Controlled Delivery of Neurotrophic Factors in Silk Fibroin–Based Nerve Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Ann Plast Surg 2011; 67:147-55. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e3182240346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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di Summa PG, Kalbermatten DF, Pralong E, Raffoul W, Kingham PJ, Terenghi G. Long-term in vivo regeneration of peripheral nerves through bioengineered nerve grafts. Neuroscience 2011; 181:278-91. [PMID: 21371534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although autologous nerve graft is still the first choice strategy in nerve reconstruction, it has the severe disadvantage of the sacrifice of a functional nerve. Cell transplantation in a bioartificial conduit is an alternative strategy to improve nerve regeneration. Nerve fibrin conduits were seeded with various cell types: primary Schwann cells (SC), SC-like differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (dMSC), SC-like differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (dASC). Two further control groups were fibrin conduits without cells and autografts. Conduits were used to bridge a 1 cm rat sciatic nerve gap in a long term experiment (16 weeks). Functional and morphological properties of regenerated nerves were investigated. A reduction in muscle atrophy was observed in the autograft and in all cell-seeded groups, when compared with the empty fibrin conduits. SC showed significant improvement in axon myelination and average fiber diameter of the regenerated nerves. dASC were the most effective cell population in terms of improvement of axonal and fiber diameter, evoked potentials at the level of the gastrocnemius muscle and regeneration of motoneurons, similar to the autografts. Given these results and other advantages of adipose derived stem cells such as ease of harvest and relative abundance, dASC could be a clinically translatable route towards new methods to enhance peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G di Summa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Material properties and electrical stimulation regimens of polycaprolactone fumarate-polypyrrole scaffolds as potential conductive nerve conduits. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:944-53. [PMID: 20965280 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical and electrical properties of polycaprolactone fumarate-polypyrrole (PCLF-PPy) scaffolds were studied under physiological conditions to evaluate their ability to maintain the material properties necessary for application as conductive nerve conduits. PC12 cells cultured on PCLF-PPy scaffolds were stimulated with regimens of 10 μA of either a constant or a 20 Hz frequency current passed through the scaffolds for 1h per day. PC12 cellular morphologies were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy after 48 h. PCLF-PPy scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical properties at 37 °C which would allow suturing and flexibility. The surface resistivity of the scaffolds was 2 kΩ and the scaffolds were electrically stable during the application of electrical stimulation (ES). In vitro studies showed significant increases in the percentage of neurite bearing cells, number of neurites per cell and neurite length in the presence of ES compared with no ES. Additionally, extending neurites were observed to align in the direction of the applied current. This study shows that electrically conductive PCLF-PPy scaffolds possess the material properties necessary for application as nerve conduits. Additionally, the capability to significantly enhance and direct neurite extension by passing an electrical current through PCLF-PPy scaffolds renders them even more promising as future therapeutic treatments for severe nerve injuries.
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Controlled delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhances motor nerve regeneration. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:2008-17. [PMID: 21035963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of a motor-specific neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on motor nerve regeneration. METHODS We used a nerve conduit filled with a fibrin-based delivery system that provided controlled release of GDNF during nerve regeneration. The motor branch of the rat femoral nerve was used to assess motor nerve regeneration across a 5-mm gap. Four experimental groups (n = 4 to n = 8) were evaluated. These included GDNF with the fibrin-based delivery system (GDNF-DS), fibrin alone, empty conduit (negative control), and nerve isograft (positive control). Nerves were harvested at 5 weeks for analysis by histomorphometry and electron microscopy. RESULTS At 5 mm distal to the conduit or isografts, the GDNF-DS group was not significantly different from the nerve isograft group in the following histomorphometric measures: total nerve fibers, percentage of neural tissue, and nerve density. Both the GDNF-DS and isograft groups had significantly more fibers and a higher percentage of neural tissue than fibrin alone and empty conduit groups. There were no differences in fiber width among all groups. By electron microscopy, the GDNF-DS and isograft groups also demonstrated more organized nerve architecture than the fibrin alone and empty conduit groups. CONCLUSIONS The delivery of GDNF from the fibrin-based delivery system promotes motor nerve regeneration at a level similar to an isograft in the femoral motor nerve model. This study gives insight into the potential beneficial role of GDNF in the treatment of motor nerve injuries.
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Wood MD, Hunter D, Mackinnon SE, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Heparin-binding-affinity-based delivery systems releasing nerve growth factor enhance sciatic nerve regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2010; 21:771-87. [PMID: 20482984 DOI: 10.1163/156856209x445285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The controlled delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the peripheral nervous system has been shown to enhance nerve regeneration following injury, although the effect of release rate has not been previously studied with an affinity-based delivery system (DS). The goal of this research was to determine if the binding site affinity of the DS affected nerve regeneration in vivo using nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) in a 13-mm rat sciatic nerve defect. These DSs consisted of bi-domain peptides that varied in heparin-binding affinity, heparin and NGF, which binds to heparin with moderate affinity. Eight experimental groups were evaluated consisting of NGF with DS, control groups excluding one or more components of the DS within silicone conduits and nerve isografts. Nerves were harvested 6 weeks after treatment for analysis by histomorphometry. These DSs with NGF resulted in a higher frequency of nerve regeneration compared to control groups and were similar to the nerve isograft group in measures of nerve fiber density and percent neural tissue, but not in total nerve fiber count. In addition, these DSs with NGF contained a significantly greater percentage of larger diameter nerve fibers, suggesting more mature regenerating nerve content. While there were no differences in nerve regeneration due to varying peptide affinity with these DSs, their use with NGF enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration through a NGC across a critical nerve gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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30
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Magill CK, Moore AM, Yan Y, Tong AY, MacEwan MR, Yee A, Hayashi A, Hunter DA, Ray WZ, Johnson PJ, Parsadanian A, Myckatyn TM, Mackinnon SE. The differential effects of pathway- versus target-derived glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on peripheral nerve regeneration. J Neurosurg 2010; 113:102-9. [PMID: 19943736 DOI: 10.3171/2009.10.jns091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has potent survival effects on central and peripheral nerve populations. The authors examined the differential effects of GDNF following either a sciatic nerve crush injury in mice that overexpressed GDNF in the central or peripheral nervous systems (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]-GDNF) or in the muscle target (Myo-GDNF). METHODS Adult mice (GFAP-GDNF, Myo-GDNF, or wild-type [WT] animals) underwent sciatic nerve crush and were evaluated using histomorphometry and muscle force and power testing. Uninjured WT animals served as controls. RESULTS In the sciatic nerve crush, the Myo-GDNF mice demonstrated a higher number of nerve fibers, fiber density, and nerve percentage (p < 0.05) at 2 weeks. The early regenerative response did not result in superlative functional recovery. At 3 weeks, GFAP-GDNF animals exhibit fewer nerve fibers, decreased fiber width, and decreased nerve percentage compared with WT and Myo-GDNF mice (p < 0.05). By 6 weeks, there were no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral delivery of GDNF resulted in earlier regeneration following sciatic nerve crush injuries than that with central GDNF delivery. Treatment with neurotrophic factors such as GDNF may offer new possibilities for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Magill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Panaite PA, Barakat-Walter I. Thyroid hormone enhances transected axonal regeneration and muscle reinnervation following rat sciatic nerve injury. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:1751-63. [PMID: 20127814 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of nerve regeneration and functional recovery following nerve injury is a challenging problem in clinical research. We have already shown that following rat sciatic nerve transection, the local administration of triiodothyronine (T3) significantly increased the number and the myelination of regenerated axons. Functional recovery is a sum of the number of regenerated axons and reinnervation of denervated peripheral targets. In the present study, we investigated whether the increased number of regenerated axons by T3-treatment is linked to improved reinnervation of hind limb muscles. After transection of rat sciatic nerves, silicone or biodegradable nerve guides were implanted and filled with either T3 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were analyzed on gastrocnemius and plantar muscle sections stained with rhodamine alpha-bungarotoxin and neurofilament antibody. Four weeks after surgery, most end-plates (EPs) of operated limbs were still denervated and no effect of T3 on muscle reinnervation was detected at this stage of nerve repair. In contrast, after 14 weeks of nerve regeneration, T3 clearly enhanced the reinnervation of gastrocnemius and plantar EPs, demonstrated by significantly higher recovery of size and shape complexity of reinnervated EPs and also by increased acetylcholine receptor (AChRs) density on post synaptic membranes compared to PBS-treated EPs. The stimulating effect of T3 on EP reinnervation is confirmed by a higher index of compound muscle action potentials recorded in gastrocnemius muscles. In conclusion, our results provide for the first time strong evidence that T3 enhances the restoration of NMJ structure and improves synaptic transmission.
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Madduri S, Gander B. Schwann cell delivery of neurotrophic factors for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2010; 15:93-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2010.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pereira Lopes FR, Frattini F, Marques SA, Almeida FMD, de Moura Campos LC, Langone F, Lora S, Borojevic R, Martinez AMB. Transplantation of bone-marrow-derived cells into a nerve guide resulted in transdifferentiation into Schwann cells and effective regeneration of transected mouse sciatic nerve. Micron 2010; 41:783-90. [PMID: 20728816 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves possess the capacity of self-regeneration after traumatic injury. Nevertheless, the functional outcome after peripheral-nerve regeneration is often poor, especially if the nerve injuries occur far from their targets. Aiming to optimize axon regeneration, we grafted bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) into a collagen-tube nerve guide after transection of the mouse sciatic nerve. The control group received only the culture medium. Motor function was tested at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery, using the sciatic functional index (SFI), and showed that functional recovery was significantly improved in animals that received the cell grafts. After 6 weeks, the mice were anesthetized, perfused transcardially, and the sciatic nerves were dissected and processed for transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. The proximal and distal segments of the nerves were compared, to address the question of improvement in growth rate; the results revealed a maintenance and increase of nerve regeneration for both myelinated and non-myelinated fibers in distal segments of the experimental group. Also, quantitative analysis of the distal region of the regenerating nerves showed that the numbers of myelinated fibers, Schwann cells (SCs) and g-ratio were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The transdifferentiation of BMDCs into Schwann cells was confirmed by double labeling with S100/and Hoechst staining. Our data suggest that BMDCs transplanted into a nerve guide can differentiate into SCs, and improve the growth rate of nerve fibers and motor function in a transected sciatic-nerve model.
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Cheng FC, Tai MH, Sheu ML, Chen CJ, Yang DY, Su HL, Ho SP, Lai SZ, Pan HC. Enhancement of regeneration with glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-transduced human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells after sciatic nerve crush injury. J Neurosurg 2010; 112:868-79. [PMID: 19817545 DOI: 10.3171/2009.8.jns09850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) have been shown to promote peripheral nerve regeneration, and the local delivery of neurotrophic factors may additionally enhance nerve regeneration capacity. The present study evaluates whether the transplantation of glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-modified human AFMSCs may enhance regeneration of sciatic nerve after a crush injury. METHODS Peripheral nerve injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp. Either GDNF-modified human AFMSCs or human AFMSCs were embedded in Matrigel and delivered to the injured nerve. Motor function and electrophysiological studies were conducted after 1 and 4 weeks. Early or later nerve regeneration markers were used to evaluate nerve regeneration. The expression of GDNF in the transplanted human AFMSCs and GDNF-modified human AFMSCs was monitored at 7-day intervals. RESULTS Human AFMSCs were successfully transfected with adenovirus, and a significant amount of GDNF was detected in human AFMSCs or the culture medium supernatant. Increases in the sciatic nerve function index, the compound muscle action potential ratio, conduction latency, and muscle weight were found in the groups treated with human AFMSCs or GDNF-modified human AFMSCs. Importantly, the GDNF-modified human AFMSCs induced the greatest improvement. Expression of markers of early nerve regeneration, such as increased expression of neurofilament and BrdU and reduced Schwann cell apoptosis, as well as late regeneration markers, consisting of reduced vacuole counts, increased expression of Luxol fast blue and S100 protein, paralleled the results of motor function. The expression of GDNF in GDNF-modified human AFMSCs was demonstrated up to 4 weeks; however, the expression decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS The GDNF-modified human AFMSCs appeared to promote nerve regeneration. The consecutive expression of GDNF was demonstrated in GDNF-modified human AFMSCs up to 4 weeks. These findings support a nerve regeneration scenario involving cell transplantation with additional neurotrophic factor secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Many medical conditions require surgical reconstruction of hollow organs. Tissue engineering of organs and tissues is a promising new technique without harvest site morbidity. An ideal biomaterial should be biocompatible, support tissue formation and provide adequate structural support. It should degrade gradually and provide an environment allowing for cell-cell interaction, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Although tissue formation is feasible, functionality has never been demonstrated. Mainly the lack of proper innervation and vascularisation are hindering contractility and normal function. In this chapter we critically review the current state of engineering hollow organs with a special focus on innervation and vascularisation.
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Production of highly pure human glycosylated GDNF in a mammalian cell line. Int J Pharm 2010; 385:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sinis N, Kraus A, Tselis N, Haerle M, Werdin F, Schaller HE. Functional recovery after implantation of artificial nerve grafts in the rat- a systematic review. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2009; 4:19. [PMID: 19852862 PMCID: PMC2770034 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7221-4-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare functional data of different nerve-gap bridging materials evaluated in rat experiments by means of a systematic review. Materials and methods A systematic review was conducted, searching MEDLINE, HTS and CENTRAL to identify all trials evaluating functional recovery of artificial nerve conduits in the rat model. Results There was a trend towards a favourable outcome of conduits coated with Schwann-cells compared to the plain synthetics. Histomorphometry, electrophysiology and muscle-weight correlated poorly with functional outcome. Conclusion Schwann-cell coated conduits showed promising results concerning functional recovery. Further standardization in outcome reporting is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Sinis
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Armin Kraus
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tselis
- Dept of Radiotherapy, Hospital of Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66, D-63069 Offenbach, Germany
| | - Max Haerle
- Dept of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Markgroeningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10 D-71706 Markgroeningen, Germany
| | - Frank Werdin
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Eberhard Schaller
- Clinic for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls University, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Shi Y, Zhou L, Tian J, Wang Y. Transplantation of neural stem cells overexpressing glia-derived neurotrophic factor promotes facial nerve regeneration. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:906-14. [PMID: 18932045 DOI: 10.1080/00016480802468153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Combining neurotrophic factor support and neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation may improve regeneration of the peripheral nervous system. Objectives. We constructed a biodegradable nerve conduit (NC) filled with NSCs overexpressing glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is known to protect facial motoneurons, and tested the effect of this NC on facial nerve regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cultured NSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and GDNF. GDNF expression was confirmed by Western blotting and ELISA. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to right facial nerve transection, and polyglycolic/polyglycolic acid (PLGA) NCs filled with NSCs-GDNF were used to bridge the nerve gap (n=24). In vivo GDNF expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. NCs containing NSCs, transgenic Schwann cells (SCs-GDNF), or empty NCs served as controls (n=24 per group). Facial nerve regeneration was assessed 2-12 weeks after surgery, by electrophysiological testing, immunohistochemical staining, and morphometric analysis of axons. RESULTS NSCs exhibited sustained and robust GDNF expression in culture and following implantation. Nerve action potential amplitude, axonal area, and axonal number were significantly greater in the NSCs-GDNF group than in the NSCs or empty NC groups. Axonal area and number were also greater in the NSCs-GDNF group than the SCs-GDNF group, although this was not statistically significant. The enhanced regeneration observed in the NSCs-GDNF group was accompanied by increased labeling for S100, NF, and βIII tubulin.
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Wood MD, Borschel GH, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Controlled release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor from fibrin matrices containing an affinity-based delivery system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:909-18. [PMID: 18465825 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated the controlled release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from an affinity-based delivery system (ABDS) as potential treatment for peripheral nerve injury. The ABDS consisted of a bidomain peptide containing a transglutaminase substrate, allowing crosslinking into fibrin matrices, and a heparin-binding domain based on the antithrombin-III heparin-binding domain, heparin, and GDNF, which was sequestered based on its heparin-binding affinity. The objective of this research was to determine the release rate and biological activity of GDNF released from the ABDS in vitro. The ratio of peptide to heparin was found to modulate the rate of GDNF release. The biological activity of GDNF released from the ABDS was assayed using chick dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) neurite extension. Neurite extension was equivalent for fibrin matrices containing the ABDS for all concentrations of GDNF tested versus DRGs grown with GDNF in the media. Furthermore, neurite extension was enhanced in fibrin matrices containing 100 ng/mL of GDNF with the ABDS versus matrices with GDNF at a simliar dose but no ABDS. These results suggest that GDNF can be retained and released in a biologically activity form from the ABDS, and thus this approach may prove useful for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Mehanna A, Mishra B, Kurschat N, Schulze C, Bian S, Loers G, Irintchev A, Schachner M. Polysialic acid glycomimetics promote myelination and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury in mice. Brain 2009; 132:1449-62. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Wood MD, Moore AM, Hunter DA, Tuffaha S, Borschel GH, Mackinnon SE, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Affinity-based release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor from fibrin matrices enhances sciatic nerve regeneration. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:959-68. [PMID: 19103514 PMCID: PMC2678870 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes both sensory and motor neuron survival. The delivery of GDNF to the peripheral nervous system has been shown to enhance regeneration following injury. In this study, we evaluated the effect of affinity-based delivery of GDNF from a fibrin matrix in a nerve guidance conduit on nerve regeneration in a 13 mm rat sciatic nerve defect. Seven experimental groups were evaluated which received GDNF or nerve growth factor (NGF) with the delivery system within the conduit, control groups excluding one or more components of the delivery system, and nerve isografts. Nerves were harvested 6 weeks after treatment for analysis by histomorphometry and electron microscopy. The use of the delivery system (DS) with either GDNF or NGF resulted in a higher frequency of nerve regeneration vs. control groups, as evidenced by a neural structure spanning the 13 mm gap. The GDNF DS and NGF DS groups were also similar to the nerve isograft group in measures of nerve fiber density, percent neural tissue and myelinated area measurements, but not in terms of total fiber counts. In addition, both groups contained a significantly greater percentage of larger diameter fibers, with GDNF DS having the largest in comparison to all groups, suggesting more mature neural content. The delivery of GDNF via the affinity-based delivery system can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration through a silicone conduit across a critical nerve gap and offers insight into potential future alternatives to the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Amy M. Moore
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel A. Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sami Tuffaha
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan E. Mackinnon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shelly E. Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, Campus Box 1105, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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de Guzman RC, Ereifej ES, Broadrick KM, Rogers RA, VandeVord PJ. Alginate-matrigel microencapsulated schwann cells for inducible secretion of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor. J Microencapsul 2009; 25:487-98. [PMID: 19238724 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802054745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Controlled expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) can be integrated in the development of a system for repair of injured peripheral nerves. This delivery strategy was demonstrated via inducible Gdnf from microencapsulated cells in barium alginate. The Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T was initially modified utilizing an ecdysone-based stable transfection system to produce RT4-Gdnf cells. During construct preparation, it was found that C6 cells (where Gdnf cDNA was isolated) make three Gdnf transcript variants. Additionally, the importance of 5' untranslated region to drive biologically-functional Gdnf synthesis was shown. Encapsulation of RT4-Gdnf in 1% alginate was then performed. It was determined that cells were able to survive at least 1 month in vitro using starting densities of 20, 200 and 2000 cells/capsule and barium ion concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mM. Most importantly, encapsulated cells secreted exogenous Gdnf upon ponasterone A induction. Mixture of basement membrane extract Matrigel to alginate promoted increased proliferation, cell spreading and Gdnf release. Finally, compression tests showed that cell-loaded microcapsules fractured at 75% diameter compression with 38 kPa of stress. Regulated Gdnf release from these microcapsules in vivo may potentially aid in the regeneration of damaged nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roche C de Guzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Seki Y, Suzuki SO, Nakamura S, Iwaki T. Degenerative and protective reactions of the rat trigeminal motor nucleus after removal of the masseter and temporal muscles. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:777-84. [PMID: 19317850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsurgical reconstruction techniques have allowed treatment of advanced head and neck carcinomas; however, it remains difficult to achieve long-term, functional reconstruction of the faciocervical muscles. To address this issue, in this we developed a rat trigeminal nerve denervation model that closely simulates the effects of oral surgery. METHODS The rat trigeminal nerve denervation model was developed by removing the masseter and temporal muscles, and degeneration process of the trigeminal motor nucleus was investigated by immunohistochemistry with particular focus on microglial/astrocytic reactions and motoneuron degeneration. RESULTS Atrophy of the trigeminal motor nucleus was observed at 8 weeks after denervation. A microglial reaction peaked at 3 days post-operation, while an astrocytic reaction was evident within 2 weeks, and peaked around 4 weeks post-operation. Expression of the stress protein HSP27 and an autophagy marker Rab24 was also upregulated in the injured trigeminal motor nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that this model is a practical and useful tool help to develop a further understanding of the pathology of the trigeminal motor nucleus after surgical denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Seki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Patel M, VandeVord PJ, Matthew HW, DeSilva S, Wu B, Wooley PH. Functional Gait Evaluation of Collagen Chitosan Nerve Guides for Sciatic Nerve Repair. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2008; 14:365-70. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Health Center, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Pamela J. VandeVord
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Howard W. Matthew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Stephen DeSilva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Health Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Health Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Paul H. Wooley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Health Center, Detroit, Michigan
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas
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Tannemaat MR, Eggers R, Hendriks WT, de Ruiter GCW, van Heerikhuize JJ, Pool CW, Malessy MJA, Boer GJ, Verhaagen J. Differential effects of lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on regenerating sensory and motor axons in the transected peripheral nerve. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:1467-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brenner MJ, Moradzadeh A, Myckatyn TM, Tung THH, Mendez AB, Hunter DA, Mackinnon SE. Role of timing in assessment of nerve regeneration. Microsurgery 2008; 28:265-72. [PMID: 18381659 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small animal models are indispensable for research on nerve injury and reconstruction, but their superlative regenerative potential may confound experimental interpretation. This study investigated time-dependent neuroregenerative phenomena in rodents. Forty-six Lewis rats were randomized to three nerve allograft groups treated with 2 mg/(kg day) tacrolimus; 5 mg/(kg day) Cyclosporine A; or placebo injection. Nerves were subjected to histomorphometric and walking track analysis at serial time points. Tacrolimus increased fiber density, percent neural tissue, and nerve fiber count and accelerated functional recovery at 40 days, but these differences were undetectable by 70 days. Serial walking track analysis showed a similar pattern of recovery. A "blow-through" effect is observed in rodents whereby an advancing nerve front overcomes an experimental defect given sufficient time, rendering experimental groups indistinguishable at late time points. Selection of validated time points and corroboration in higher animal models are essential prerequisites for the clinical application of basic research on nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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