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Rangel-Sosa MM, Mann F, Chauvet S. Pancreatic Schwann cell reprogramming supports cancer-associated neuronal remodeling. Glia 2024; 72:1840-1861. [PMID: 38961612 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system is a key regulator of cancer progression. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system inhibits cancer development. This inhibition is associated with extensive sympathetic nerve sprouting in early pancreatic cancer precursor lesions. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of pancreatic Schwann cells in the structural plasticity of sympathetic neurons. We examined the changes in the number and distribution of Schwann cells in a transgenic mouse model of PDAC and in a model of metaplastic pancreatic lesions induced by chronic inflammation. Schwann cells proliferated and expanded simultaneously with new sympathetic nerve sprouts in metaplastic/neoplastic pancreatic lesions. Sparse genetic labeling showed that individual Schwann cells in these lesions had a more elongated and branched structure than those under physiological conditions. Schwann cells overexpressed neurotrophic factors, including glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Sympathetic neurons upregulated the GDNF receptors and exhibited enhanced neurite growth in response to GDNF in vitro. Selective genetic deletion of Gdnf in Schwann cells completely blocked sympathetic nerve sprouting in metaplastic pancreatic lesions in vivo. This study demonstrated that pancreatic Schwann cells underwent adaptive reprogramming during early cancer development, supporting a protective antitumor neuronal response. These finding could help to develop new strategies to modulate cancer associated neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Mann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
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2
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Karimian A, Khoshnazar SM, Kazemi T, Asadi A, Abdolmaleki A. Role of secretomes in cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:411-426. [PMID: 36725732 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After an injury, peripheral nervous system neurons have the potential to rebuild their axons by generating a complicated activation response. Signals from the damaged axon are required for this genetic transition to occur. Schwann cells (SCs) near a damaged nerve's distal stump also play a role in the local modulation of axonal programs, not only via cell-to-cell contacts but also through secreted signals (the secretome). The secretome is made up of all the proteins that the cell produces, such as cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles. The released vesicles may carry signaling proteins as well as coding and regulatory RNAs, allowing for multilayer communication. The secretome of SCs is now well understood as being critical for both orchestrating Wallerian degeneration and maintaining axonal regeneration. As a consequence, secretome has emerged as a feasible tissue regeneration alternative to cell therapy. Separate SC secretome components have been used extensively in the lab to promote peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. However, in neurological therapies, the secretome generated by mesenchymal (MSC) or other derived stem cells has been the most often used. In fact, the advantages of cell treatment have been connected to the release of bioactive chemicals and extracellular vesicles, which make up MSCs' secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Karimian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Kazemi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.
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3
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Jiang X, Zhou L, Sun Z, Xie B, Lin H, Gao X, Deng L, Yang C. MSCs overexpressing GDNF restores brain structure and neurological function in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:43. [PMID: 38008847 PMCID: PMC10678901 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied in transplantation to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) but with limited efficacy. Accumulated evidence has shown that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays a crucial part in neuronal protection and functional recovery of the brain after ICH; however, GDNF has difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, which limits its application. In this study, we investigated the influences of MSCs overexpressing GDNF (MSCs/GDNF) on the brain structure as well as gait of rats after ICH and explored the possible mechanisms. We found that cell transplantation could reverse the neurological dysfunction and brain damage caused by ICH to a certain extent, and MSCs/GDNF transplantation was superior to MSCs transplantation. Moreover, Transplantation of MSCs overexpressing GDNF effectively reduced the volume of bleeding foci and increased the level of glucose uptake in rats with ICH, which could be related to improving mitochondrial quality. Furthermore, GDNF produced by transplanted MSCs/GDNF further inhibited neuroinflammation, improved mitochondrial quality and function, promoted angiogenesis and the survival of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and enhanced synaptic plasticity in ICH rats when compared with simple MSC transplantation. Overall, our data indicate that GDNF overexpression heightens the curative effect of MSC implantation in treating rats following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Clinical Skills Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihuan Sun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoxian Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Preclinical Medicine Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Liu YT, Xu Z, Liu W, Ren S, Xiong HW, Jiang T, Chen J, Kang Y, Li QY, Wu ZH, Machens HG, Yang XF, Chen ZB. The circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/plasmolipin axis regulates Schwann cell migration and myelination in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1591-1600. [PMID: 36571367 PMCID: PMC10075099 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, their expression and function in Schwann cells in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain poorly understood. Here, we performed protein profiling and circRNA sequencing of sural nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls. Protein profiling revealed 265 differentially expressed proteins in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group. Gene Ontology indicated that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in myelination and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay performed to validate the circRNA sequencing results yielded 11 differentially expressed circRNAs. circ_0002538 was markedly downregulated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of circ_0002538 promoted the migration of Schwann cells by upregulating plasmolipin (PLLP) expression. Moreover, overexpression of circ_0002538 in the sciatic nerve in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy alleviated demyelination and improved sciatic nerve function. The results of a mechanistic experiment showed that circ_0002538 promotes PLLP expression by sponging miR-138-5p, while a lack of circ_0002538 led to a PLLP deficiency that further suppressed Schwann cell migration. These findings suggest that the circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/PLLP axis can promote the migration of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients, improving myelin sheath structure and nerve function. Thus, this axis is a potential target for therapeutic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - He-Wei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian-Yun Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Han Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hans-GüNther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen-Bing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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5
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Pereira CT, Hill EE, Stasyuk A, Parikh N, Dhillon J, Wang A, Li A. Molecular Basis of Surgical Coaptation Techniques in Peripheral Nerve Injuries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041555. [PMID: 36836090 PMCID: PMC9966153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries requiring surgical repair affect over 100,000 individuals in the US annually. Three accepted methods of peripheral repair include end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side neurorrhaphy, each with its own set of indications. While it remains important to understand the specific circumstances in which each method is employed, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the repair can add to the surgeon's decision-making algorithm when considering each technique, as well as help decide nuances in technique such as the need for making epineurial versus perineurial windows, length and dept of the nerve window, and distance from target muscle. In addition, a thorough knowledge of individual factors that are active in a particular repair can help guide research into adjunct therapies. This paper serves to summarize the similarities and divergences of the three commonly used nerve repair strategies and the scope of molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways in nerve regeneration as well as to identify the gaps in knowledge that should be addressed if we are to improve clinical outcomes in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford T. Pereira
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise E. Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Surgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA 94535, USA
| | - Anastasiya Stasyuk
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Neil Parikh
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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6
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Su Q, Nasser MI, He J, Deng G, Ouyang Q, Zhuang D, Deng Y, Hu H, Liu N, Li Z, Zhu P, Li G. Engineered Schwann Cell-Based Therapies for Injury Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865266. [PMID: 35602558 PMCID: PMC9120533 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the central nervous system, the adult peripheral nervous system possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is due to the strong plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) in peripheral nerves. After peripheral nervous injury, SCs de-differentiate and transform into repair phenotypes, and play a critical role in axonal regeneration, myelin formation, and clearance of axonal and myelin debris. In view of the limited self-repair capability of SCs for long segment defects of peripheral nerve defects, it is of great clinical value to supplement SCs in necrotic areas through gene modification or stem cell transplantation or to construct tissue-engineered nerve combined with bioactive scaffolds to repair such tissue defects. Based on the developmental lineage of SCs and the gene regulation network after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), this review summarizes the possibility of using SCs constructed by the latest gene modification technology to repair PNI. The therapeutic effects of tissue-engineered nerve constructed by materials combined with Schwann cells resembles autologous transplantation, which is the gold standard for PNI repair. Therefore, this review generalizes the research progress of biomaterials combined with Schwann cells for PNI repair. Based on the difficulty of donor sources, this review also discusses the potential of “unlimited” provision of pluripotent stem cells capable of directing differentiation or transforming existing somatic cells into induced SCs. The summary of these concepts and therapeutic strategies makes it possible for SCs to be used more effectively in the repair of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Su
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Zhuang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haoyun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhetao Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu,
| | - Ge Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Ge Li,
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7
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Characterization of an immune-evading doxycycline-inducible lentiviral vector for gene therapy in the spinal cord. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Contreras E, Bolívar S, Navarro X, Udina E. New insights into peripheral nerve regeneration: The role of secretomes. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Arthur-Farraj P, Coleman MP. Lessons from Injury: How Nerve Injury Studies Reveal Basic Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities for Peripheral Nerve Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2200-2221. [PMID: 34595734 PMCID: PMC8804151 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Waller and Cajal in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, laboratory traumatic peripheral nerve injury studies have provided great insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms governing axon degeneration and the responses of Schwann cells, the major glial cell type of peripheral nerves. It is now evident that pathways underlying injury-induced axon degeneration and the Schwann cell injury-specific state, the repair Schwann cell, are relevant to many inherited and acquired disorders of peripheral nerves. This review provides a timely update on the molecular understanding of axon degeneration and formation of the repair Schwann cell. We discuss how nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) and sterile alpha TIR motif containing protein 1 (SARM1) are required for axon survival and degeneration, respectively, how transcription factor c-JUN is essential for the Schwann cell response to nerve injury and what each tells us about disease mechanisms and potential therapies. Human genetic association with NMNAT2 and SARM1 strongly suggests aberrant activation of programmed axon death in polyneuropathies and motor neuron disorders, respectively, and animal studies suggest wider involvement including in chemotherapy-induced and diabetic neuropathies. In repair Schwann cells, cJUN is aberrantly expressed in a wide variety of human acquired and inherited neuropathies. Animal models suggest it limits axon loss in both genetic and traumatic neuropathies, whereas in contrast, Schwann cell secreted Neuregulin-1 type 1 drives onion bulb pathology in CMT1A. Finally, we discuss opportunities for drug-based and gene therapies to prevent axon loss or manipulate the repair Schwann cell state to treat acquired and inherited neuropathies and neuronopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arthur-Farraj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Michael P Coleman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
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10
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Yow YY, Goh TK, Nyiew KY, Lim LW, Phang SM, Lim SH, Ratnayeke S, Wong KH. Therapeutic Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092194. [PMID: 34571842 PMCID: PMC8472132 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progressive advances, current standards of treatments for peripheral nerve injury do not guarantee complete recovery. Thus, alternative therapeutic interventions should be considered. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are widely explored for their therapeutic value, but their potential use in peripheral nerve regeneration is underappreciated. The present systematic review, designed according to guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, aims to present and discuss the current literature on the neuroregenerative potential of CAMs, focusing on plants or herbs, mushrooms, decoctions, and their respective natural products. The available literature on CAMs associated with peripheral nerve regeneration published up to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. According to current literature, the neuroregenerative potential of Achyranthes bidentata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Hericium erinaceus are the most widely studied. Various CAMs enhanced proliferation and migration of Schwann cells in vitro, primarily through activation of MAPK pathway and FGF-2 signaling, respectively. Animal studies demonstrated the ability of CAMs to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which are partially associated with modulations of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-apoptotic signaling. This systematic review provides evidence for the potential use of CAMs in the management of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Tiong-Keat Goh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Ke-Ying Nyiew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lee-Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, L4 Laboratory Block, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shyamala Ratnayeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
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11
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van Vliet AC, Lee J, van der Poel M, Mason MRJ, Noordermeer JN, Fradkin LG, Tannemaat MR, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J, De Winter F. Coordinated changes in the expression of Wnt pathway genes following human and rat peripheral nerve injury. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249748. [PMID: 33848304 PMCID: PMC8043392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A human neuroma-in continuity (NIC), formed following a peripheral nerve lesion, impedes functional recovery. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of a NIC are poorly understood. Here we show that the expression of multiple genes of the Wnt family, including Wnt5a, is changed in NIC tissue from patients that underwent reconstructive surgery. The role of Wnt ligands in NIC pathology and nerve regeneration is of interest because Wnt ligands are implicated in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, axon repulsion and guidance. The observations in NIC prompted us to investigate the expression of Wnt ligands in the injured rat sciatic nerve and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In the injured nerve, four gene clusters were identified with temporal expression profiles corresponding to particular phases of the regeneration process. In the DRG up- and down regulation of certain Wnt receptors suggests that nerve injury has an impact on the responsiveness of injured sensory neurons to Wnt ligands in the nerve. Immunohistochemistry showed that Schwann cells in the NIC and in the injured nerve are the source of Wnt5a, whereas the Wnt5a receptor Ryk is expressed by axons traversing the NIC. Taken together, these observations suggest a central role for Wnt signalling in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie C. van Vliet
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhui Lee
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlijn van der Poel
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R. J. Mason
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lee G. Fradkin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Martijn R. Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. A. Malessy
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Huang RY, Liu ZH, Weng WH, Chang CW. Magnetic nanocomplexes for gene delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4267-4286. [PMID: 33942822 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery is an indispensable technique for various biomedical applications such as gene therapy, stem cell engineering and gene editing. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have received increasing attention for their use in promoting gene delivery efficiency. Under magnetic attraction, gene delivery efficiency using viral or nonviral gene carriers could be universally enhanced. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles could be utilized in magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic hyperthermia therapy, providing extra theranostic opportunities. In this review, recent research integrating MNPs with a viral or nonviral gene vector is summarized from both technical and application perspectives. Applications of MNPs in cutting-edge research technologies, such as biomimetic cell membrane nano-gene carriers, exosome-based gene delivery, cell-based drug delivery systems or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Han Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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13
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Eggers R, de Winter F, Tannemaat MR, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J. GDNF Gene Therapy to Repair the Injured Peripheral Nerve. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:583184. [PMID: 33251197 PMCID: PMC7673415 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.583184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinal root avulsion is the most severe proximal peripheral nerve lesion possible. Avulsion of ventral root filaments disconnects spinal motoneurons from their target muscles, resulting in complete paralysis. In patients that undergo brachial plexus nerve repair, axonal regeneration is a slow process. It takes months or even years to bridge the distance from the lesion site to the distal targets located in the forearm. Following ventral root avulsion, without additional pharmacological or surgical treatments, progressive death of motoneurons occurs within 2 weeks (Koliatsos et al., 1994). Reimplantation of the avulsed ventral root or peripheral nerve graft can act as a conduit for regenerating axons and increases motoneuron survival (Chai et al., 2000). However, this beneficial effect is transient. Combined with protracted and poor long-distance axonal regeneration, this results in permanent function loss. To overcome motoneuron death and improve functional recovery, several promising intervention strategies are being developed. Here, we focus on GDNF gene-therapy. We first introduce the experimental ventral root avulsion model and discuss its value as a proxy to study clinical neurotmetic nerve lesions. Second, we discuss our recent studies showing that GDNF gene-therapy is a powerful strategy to promote long-term motoneuron survival and improve function when target muscle reinnervation occurs within a critical post-lesion period. Based upon these observations, we discuss the influence of timing of the intervention, and of the duration, concentration and location of GDNF delivery on functional outcome. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research directions to realize functional recovery using gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Eggers
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fred de Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J A Malessy
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Muangsanit P, Day A, Dimiou S, Ataç AF, Kayal C, Park H, Nazhat SN, Phillips JB. Rapidly formed stable and aligned dense collagen gels seeded with Schwann cells support peripheral nerve regeneration. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:046036. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abaa9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Min Q, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Migrating Schwann cells direct axon regeneration within the peripheral nerve bridge. Glia 2020; 69:235-254. [PMID: 32697392 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells within the peripheral nervous system possess a remarkable regenerative potential. Current research shows that peripheral nerve-associated Schwann cells possess the capacity to promote repair of multiple tissues including peripheral nerve gap bridging, skin wound healing, digit tip repair as well as tooth regeneration. One of the key features of the specialized repair Schwann cells is that they become highly motile. They not only migrate into the area of damaged tissue and become a key component of regenerating tissue but also secrete signaling molecules to attract macrophages, support neuronal survival, promote axonal regrowth, activate local mesenchymal stem cells, and interact with other cell types. Currently, the importance of migratory Schwann cells in tissue regeneration is most evident in the case of a peripheral nerve transection injury. Following nerve transection, Schwann cells from both proximal and distal nerve stumps migrate into the nerve bridge and form Schwann cell cords to guide axon regeneration. The formation of Schwann cell cords in the nerve bridge is key to successful peripheral nerve repair following transection injury. In this review, we first examine nerve bridge formation and the behavior of Schwann cell migration in the nerve bridge, and then discuss how migrating Schwann cells direct regenerating axons into the distal nerve. We also review the current understanding of signals that could activate Schwann cell migration and signals that Schwann cells utilize to direct axon regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Schwann cell migration could potentially offer new therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - David B Parkinson
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
- The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Eggers R, de Winter F, Smit L, Luimens M, Muir EM, Bradbury EJ, Tannemaat MR, Verhaagen J. Combining timed GDNF and ChABC gene therapy to promote long-distance regeneration following ventral root avulsion and repair. FASEB J 2020; 34:10605-10622. [PMID: 32543730 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000559r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ventral root avulsion leads to severe motoneuron degeneration and prolonged distal nerve denervation. After a critical period, a state of chronic denervation develops as repair Schwann cells lose their pro-regenerative properties and inhibitory factors such as CSPGs accumulate in the denervated nerve. In rats with ventral root avulsion injuries, we combined timed GDNF gene therapy delivered to the proximal nerve roots with the digestion of inhibitory CSPGs in the distal denervated nerve using sustained lentiviral-mediated chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme expression. Following reimplantation of lumbar ventral roots, timed GDNF-gene therapy enhanced motoneuron survival up to 45 weeks and improved axonal outgrowth, electrophysiological recovery, and muscle reinnervation. Despite a timed GDNF expression period, a subset of animals displayed axonal coils. Lentiviral delivery of ChABC enabled digestion of inhibitory CSPGs for up to 45 weeks in the chronically denervated nerve. ChABC gene therapy alone did not enhance motoneuron survival, but led to improved muscle reinnervation and modest electrophysiological recovery during later stages of the regeneration process. Combining GDNF treatment with digestion of inhibitory CSPGs did not have a significant synergistic effect. This study suggests a delicate balance exists between treatment duration and concentration in order to achieve therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Eggers
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fred de Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Smit
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maruelle Luimens
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth M Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Bradbury
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Godinho MJ, Staal JL, Krishnan VS, Hodgetts SI, Pollett MA, Goodman DP, Teh L, Verhaagen J, Plant GW, Harvey AR. Regeneration of adult rat sensory and motor neuron axons through chimeric peroneal nerve grafts containing donor Schwann cells engineered to express different neurotrophic factors. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113355. [PMID: 32422148 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Large peripheral nerve (PN) defects require bridging substrates to restore tissue continuity and permit the regrowth of sensory and motor axons. We previously showed that cell-free PN segments repopulated ex vivo with Schwann cells (SCs) transduced with lentiviral vectors (LV) to express different growth factors (BDNF, CNTF or NT-3) supported the regeneration of axons across a 1 cm peroneal nerve defect (Godinho et al., 2013). Graft morphology, the number of regrown axons, the ratio of myelinated to unmyelinated axons, and hindlimb locomotor function differed depending on the growth factor engineered into SCs. Here we extend these observations, adding more LVs (expressing GDNF or NGF) and characterising regenerating sensory and motor neurons after injection of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) into peroneal nerve distal to grafts, 10 weeks after surgery. Counts were also made in rats with intact nerves and in animals receiving autografts, acellular grafts, or grafts containing LV-GFP transduced SCs. Counts and analysis of FG positive (+) DRG neurons were made from lumbar (L5) ganglia. Graft groups contained fewer labeled sensory neurons than non-operated controls, but this decrease was only significant in the LV-GDNF group. These grafts had a complex fascicular morphology that may have resulted in axon trapping. The proportion of FG+ sensory neurons immunopositive for calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) varied between groups, there being a significantly higher percentage in autografts and most neurotrophic factor groups compared to the LV-CNTF, LV-GFP and acellular groups. Furthermore, the proportion of regenerating isolectin B4+ neurons was significantly greater in the LV-NT-3 group compared to other groups, including autografts and non-lesion controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of longitudinal graft sections revealed that all grafts contained a reduced number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) positive axons, but this decrease was significant only in the GDNF and NT-3 graft groups. We also assessed the number and phenotype of regrowing lumbar FG+ motor neurons in non-lesioned animals, and in rats with autografts, acellular grafts, or in grafts containing SCs expressing GFP, CNTF, NGF or NT-3. The overall number of FG+ motor neurons per section was similar in all groups; however in tissue immunostained for NeuN (expressed in α- but not γ-motor neurons) the proportion of NeuN negative FG+ neurons ranged from about 40-50% in all groups except the NT-3 group, where the percentage was 82%, significantly more than the SC-GFP group. Immunostaining for the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT-1 revealed occasional proprioceptive terminals in 'contact' with regenerating FG+ α-motor neurons in PN grafted animals, the acellular group having the lowest counts. In sum, while all graft types supported sensory and motor axon regrowth, there appeared to be axon trapping in SC-GDNF grafts, and data from the SC-NT-3 group revealed greater regeneration of sensory CGRP+ and IB4+ neurons, preferential regeneration of γ-motor neurons and perhaps partial restoration of monosynaptic sensorimotor relays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Godinho
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jonas L Staal
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vidya S Krishnan
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart I Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Margaret A Pollett
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Douglas P Goodman
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Lip Teh
- Plastic Surgery Centre, St John of God Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giles W Plant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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18
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Fadia NB, Bliley JM, DiBernardo GA, Crammond DJ, Schilling BK, Sivak WN, Spiess AM, Washington KM, Waldner M, Liao HT, James IB, Minteer DM, Tompkins-Rhoades C, Cottrill AR, Kim DY, Schweizer R, Bourne DA, Panagis GE, Asher Schusterman M, Egro FM, Campwala IK, Simpson T, Weber DJ, Gause T, Brooker JE, Josyula T, Guevara AA, Repko AJ, Mahoney CM, Marra KG. Long-gap peripheral nerve repair through sustained release of a neurotrophic factor in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/527/eaav7753. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Severe injuries to peripheral nerves are challenging to repair. Standard-of-care treatment for nerve gaps >2 to 3 centimeters is autografting; however, autografting can result in neuroma formation, loss of sensory function at the donor site, and increased operative time. To address the need for a synthetic nerve conduit to treat large nerve gaps, we investigated a biodegradable poly(caprolactone) (PCL) conduit with embedded double-walled polymeric microspheres encapsulating glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) capable of providing a sustained release of GDNF for >50 days in a 5-centimeter nerve defect in a rhesus macaque model. The GDNF-eluting conduit (PCL/GDNF) was compared to a median nerve autograft and a PCL conduit containing empty microspheres (PCL/Empty). Functional testing demonstrated similar functional recovery between the PCL/GDNF-treated group (75.64 ± 10.28%) and the autograft-treated group (77.49 ± 19.28%); both groups were statistically improved compared to PCL/Empty-treated group (44.95 ± 26.94%). Nerve conduction velocity 1 year after surgery was increased in the PCL/GDNF-treated macaques (31.41 ± 15.34 meters/second) compared to autograft (25.45 ± 3.96 meters/second) and PCL/Empty (12.60 ± 3.89 meters/second) treatment. Histological analyses included assessment of Schwann cell presence, myelination of axons, nerve fiber density, and g-ratio. PCL/GDNF group exhibited a statistically greater average area occupied by individual Schwann cells at the distal nerve (11.60 ± 33.01 μm2) compared to autograft (4.62 ± 3.99 μm2) and PCL/Empty (4.52 ± 5.16 μm2) treatment groups. This study demonstrates the efficacious bridging of a long peripheral nerve gap in a nonhuman primate model using an acellular, biodegradable nerve conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B. Fadia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Bliley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Donald J. Crammond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Wesley N. Sivak
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander M. Spiess
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kia M. Washington
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthias Waldner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Han-Tsung Liao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Isaac B. James
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Danielle M. Minteer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Adam R. Cottrill
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Deok-Yeol Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Riccardo Schweizer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Debra A. Bourne
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - George E. Panagis
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Greensburg, PA 15601, USA
| | - M. Asher Schusterman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Francesco M. Egro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Tyler Simpson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Douglas J. Weber
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Trent Gause
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jack E. Brooker
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tvisha Josyula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Astrid A. Guevara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander J. Repko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Kacey G. Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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19
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Tajdaran K, Chan K, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Matrices, scaffolds, and carriers for protein and molecule delivery in peripheral nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 2019; 319:112817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Fogli B, Corthout N, Kerstens A, Bosse F, Klimaschewski L, Munck S, Schweigreiter R. Imaging axon regeneration within synthetic nerve conduits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10095. [PMID: 31300753 PMCID: PMC6626049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While axons within the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate following injury, those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do, although not in a clinically satisfactory manner as only a small proportion of axons exhibit long-distance regeneration. Moreover, functional recovery is hampered by excessive axonal sprouting and aberrant reinnervation of target tissue. In order to investigate the mechanisms governing the regrowth of axons following injury, previous studies have used lesion paradigms of peripheral nerves in rat or mouse models, and reagents or cells have been administered to the lesion site through nerve conduits, aiming to improve early-stage regeneration. Morphological analysis of such in vivo experiments has however been limited by the incompatibility of synthetic nerve conduits with existing tissue-clearing and imaging techniques. We present herein a novel experimental approach that allows high-resolution imaging of individual axons within nerve conduits, together with quantitative assessment of fiber growth. We used a GFP-expressing mouse strain in a lesion model of the sciatic nerve to describe a strategy that combines nerve clearing, chemical treatment of chitosan nerve conduits, and long working distance confocal microscopy with image processing and analysis. This novel experimental setup provides a means of documenting axon growth within the actual conduit during the critical initial stage of regeneration. This will greatly facilitate the development and evaluation of treatment regimens to improve axonal regeneration following nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fogli
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research O&N 4, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department for Neuroscience, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Bio Imaging Core, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axelle Kerstens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research O&N 4, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department for Neuroscience, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Bio Imaging Core, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Bosse
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research O&N 4, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,KU Leuven, Department for Neuroscience, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,VIB Bio Imaging Core, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rüdiger Schweigreiter
- Innsbruck Medical University, Biocenter, Division of Neurobiochemistry, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Zheng Z, Liu J. GDNF-ADSCs-APG embedding enhances sciatic nerve regeneration after electrical injury in a rat model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14971-14985. [PMID: 31062403 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pluripotency of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) makes them appropriate for tissue repair and wound healing. Owing to the repair properties of autologous platelet-rich gel (APG), which is based on easily accessible blood platelets, its clinical use has been increasingly recognized by physicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined treatment with ADSCs and APG on sciatic nerve regeneration after electrical injury. To facilitate the differentiation of ADSCs, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was overexpressed in ADSCs by lentivirus transfection. GDNF-ADSCs were mingled with APG gradient concentrations, and in vitro, cell proliferation and differentiation were examined with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining and immunofluorescence. A rat model was established by exposing the sciatic nerve to an electrical current of 220 V for 3 seconds. Rat hind-limb motor function and sciatic nerve regeneration were subsequently evaluated. Rat ADSCs were characterized by high expression of CD90 and CD105, with scant expression of CD34 and CD45. We found that GDNF protein expression in ADSCs was elevated after Lenti-GDNF transfection. In GDNF-ADSCs-APG cultures, GDNF was increasingly produced while tissue growth factor-β was reduced as incubation time was increased. ADSC proliferation was augmented and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were upregulated in GDNF-ADSCs-APG. In addition, limb motor function and nerve axon growth were improved after GDNF-ADSCs-APG treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the combined effect of ADSCs and APG in peripheral nerve regeneration and may lead to treatments that benefit patients with electrical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Huang L, Xia B, Shi X, Gao J, Yang Y, Xu F, Qi F, Liang C, Huang J, Luo Z. Time-restricted release of multiple neurotrophic factors promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:8600-8613. [PMID: 30995417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802065rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of multiple neurotrophic factors (NTFs), especially with time-restricted release kinetics, holds great potential for nerve repair. In this study, we utilized the tetracycline-regulatable Tet-On 3G system to control the expression of c-Jun, which is a common regulator of multiple NTFs in Schwann cells (SCs). In vitro, Tet-On/c-Jun-modified SCs showed a tightly controllable secretion of multiple NTFs, including glial cell line-derived NTF, nerve growth factor, brain-derived NTF, and artemin, by the addition or removal of doxycycline (Dox). When Tet-On/c-Jun-transduced SCs were grafted in vivo, the expression of NTFs could also be regulated by oral administration or removal of Dox. Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing results indicated that a biphasic NTF expression scheme (Dox+3/-9, NTFs were up-regulated for 3 wk and declined to physiologic levels for another 9 wk) achieved more axonal regeneration than continuous up-regulation of NTFs (Dox+12) or no NTF induction (Dox-12). More importantly, the Dox+3/-9-group animals showed much better functional recovery than the animals in the Dox+12 and Dox-12 groups. Our findings, for the first time, demonstrated drug-controllable expression of multiple NTFs in nerve repair cells both in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide new hope for developing an optimal therapeutic alternative for nerve repair through the time-restricted release of multiple NTFs using Tet-On/c-Jun-modified SCs.-Huang, L., Xia, B., Shi, X., Gao, J., Yang, Y., Xu, F., Qi, F., Liang, C., Huang, J., Luo, Z. Time-restricted release of multiple neurotrophic factors promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyu Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Duraikannu A, Krishnan A, Chandrasekhar A, Zochodne DW. Beyond Trophic Factors: Exploiting the Intrinsic Regenerative Properties of Adult Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:128. [PMID: 31024258 PMCID: PMC6460947 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are common but frequently irreversible. It is often but mistakenly assumed that peripheral neuron regeneration is robust without a need to be improved or supported. However, axonal lesions, especially those involving proximal nerves rarely recover fully and injuries generally are complicated by slow and incomplete regeneration. Strategies to enhance the intrinsic growth properties of reluctant adult neurons offer an alternative approach to consider during regeneration. Since axons rarely regrow without an intimately partnered Schwann cell (SC), approaches to enhance SC plasticity carry along benefits to their axon partners. Direct targeting of molecules that inhibit growth cone plasticity can inform important regenerative strategies. A newer approach, a focus of our laboratory, exploits tumor suppressor molecules that normally dampen unconstrained growth. However several are also prominently expressed in stable adult neurons. During regeneration their ongoing expression “brakes” growth, whereas their inhibition and knockdown may enhance regrowth. Examples have included phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that inhibits PI3K/pAkt signaling, Rb1, the protein involved in retinoblastoma development, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor that inhibits β-Catenin transcriptional signaling and its translocation to the nucleus. The identification of several new targets to manipulate the plasticity of regenerating adult peripheral neurons is exciting. How they fit with canonical regeneration strategies and their feasibility require additional work. Newer forms of nonviral siRNA delivery may be approaches for molecular manipulation to improve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Duraikannu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ambika Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Romeo-Guitart D, Casas C. Network-centric medicine for peripheral nerve injury: Treating the whole to boost endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection and regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1122-1128. [PMID: 30804234 PMCID: PMC6425822 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries caused by accidents may lead to paralysis, sensory disturbances, anaesthesia, and lack of autonomic functions. Functional recovery after disconnection of the motoneuronal soma from target tissue with proximal rupture of axons is determined by several factors: motoneuronal soma viability, proper axonal sprouting across inhibitory zones and elongation toward specific muscle, effective synapse contact rebuilding, and prevention of muscle atrophy. Therapies, such as adjuvant drugs with pleiotropic effects, that promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury are needed. Toward this aim, we designed a drug discovery workflow based on a network-centric molecular vision using unbiased proteomic data and neural artificial computational tools. Our focus is on boosting intrinsic capabilities of neurons for neuroprotection; this is in contrast to the common approach based on suppression of a pathobiological pathway known to be associated with disease condition. Using our workflow, we discovered neuroheal, a combination of two repurposed drugs that promotes motoneuronal soma neuroprotection, is anti-inflammatory, enhances axonal regeneration after axotomy, and reduces muscle atrophy. This drug discovery workflow has thus yielded a therapy that is close to its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Romeo-Guitart
- Institut de Neurociències (INc) and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caty Casas
- Institut de Neurociències (INc) and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Ueha R, Kondo K, Ueha S, Yamasoba T. Dose-Dependent Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Aged Olfactory Epithelium. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:385. [PMID: 30515092 PMCID: PMC6256067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Olfaction is known to be impaired by aging. We hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) administered at an appropriate dose could prevent age-induced negative effects on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We explored the effects of low- and high-dose administration of IGF-1 on the ORN cell system in aged mice and investigated the involvement of the cellular mechanisms of IGF-1 in the regeneration of ORNs in aged mice. Methods: We subcutaneously administered recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) to 16-month-old male mice over 56 days, and then examined the histological effects of rhGF-1 on cellular composition, cell proliferation, and cell death in the aged olfactory epithelium (OE), by comparing among saline-treated and low- and high-dose rhIGF-1-treated mice. Results: Low-dose rhIGF-1 administration increased the numbers of olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs in the OE, despite an increase in Cas3+ apoptotic cells. Notably, high-dose rhIGF-1 administration increased the numbers of only immature ORNs, not olfactory progenitors and mature ORNs, with a concurrent increase in apoptotic cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in aged mice, IGF-1 administered at an appropriate dose could increase the number of mature ORNs and further human studies may contribute to the development of treatments for aging-related olfactory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Dong C, Helton ES, Zhou P, Ouyang X, d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Pascual A, López-Barneo J, Ubogu EE. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor is essential for blood-nerve barrier functional recovery in an experimental murine model of traumatic peripheral neuropathy. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1-22. [PMID: 29913111 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1479570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent inducer of restrictive barrier function in tight junction-forming microvascular endothelium and epithelium, including the human blood-nerve barrier (BNB) in vitro. We sought to determine the role of GDNF in restoring BNB function in vivo by evaluating sciatic nerve horseradish peroxidase (HRP) permeability in tamoxifen-inducible GDNF conditional knockout (CKO) adult mice following non-transecting crush injury via electron microscopy, with appropriate wildtype (WT) and heterozygous (HET) littermate controls. A total of 24 age-, genotype- and sex-matched mice >12 weeks of age were injected with 30 mg/kg HRP via tail vein injection 7 or 14 days following unilateral sciatic nerve crush, and both sciatic nerves were harvested 30 minutes later for morphometric assessment by light and electron microscopy. The number and percentage of HRP-permeable endoneurial microvessels were ascertained to determine the effect of GDNF in restoring barrier function in vivo. Following sciatic nerve crush, there was significant upregulation in GDNF protein expression in WT and HET mice that was abrogated in CKO mice. GDNF significantly restored sciatic nerve BNB HRP impermeability to near normal levels by day 7, with complete restoration seen by day 14 in WT and HET mice. A significant recovery lag was observed in CKO mice. This effect was independent on VE-Cadherin or claudin-5 expression on endoneurial microvessels. These results imply an important role of GDNF in restoring restrictive BNB function in vivo, suggesting a potential strategy to re-establish the restrictive endoneurial microenvironment following traumatic peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Dong
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , United States of America
| | - E Scott Helton
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , United States of America
| | - Ping Zhou
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , United States of America
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , United States of America
| | - Xavier d'Anglemont de Tassigny
- b Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain
| | - Alberto Pascual
- b Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- b Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- a Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , United States of America
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27
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Wang ZZ, Wood MD, Mackinnon SE, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. A microfluidic platform to study the effects of GDNF on neuronal axon entrapment. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:183-191. [PMID: 30081039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One potential treatment strategy to enhance axon regeneration is transplanting Schwann Cells (SCs) that overexpress glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Unfortunately, constitutive GDNF overexpression in vivo can result in failure of regenerating axons to extend beyond the GDNF source, a phenomenon termed the "candy-store" effect. Little is known about the mechanism of this axon entrapment in vivo. NEW METHOD We present a reproducible in vitro culture platform using a microfluidic device to model axon entrapment and investigate mechanisms by which GDNF causes axon entrapment. The device is comprised of three culture chambers connected by two sets of microchannels, which prevent cell soma from moving between chambers but allow neurites to grow between chambers. Neurons from dorsal root ganglia were seeded in one end chamber while the effect of different conditions in the other two chambers was used to study neurite entrapment. RESULTS The results showed that GDNF-overexpressing SCs (G-SCs) can induce axon entrapment in vitro. We also found that while physiological levels of GDNF (100 ng/mL) promoted neurite extension, supra-physiological levels of GDNF (700 ng/mL) induced axon entrapment. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD All previous work related to the "candy-store" effect were done in vivo. Here, we report the first in vitro platform that can recapitulate the axonal entrapment and investigate the mechanism of the phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS This platform facilitates investigation of the "candy-store" effect and shows the effects of high GDNF concentrations on neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Susan E Mackinnon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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28
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Viral Transduction of Schwann Cells for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29546726 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7649-2_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Schwann cells are the primary inducers of regeneration of the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells can be isolated from adult peripheral nerves, expanded in large numbers, and genetically transduced by viral vectors in vitro prior to their use in vivo. Here we describe how to use lentiviral vectors to transduce primary Schwann cells in vitro. We also describe how cultured Schwann cells can be used in conjunction with decellularized peripheral nerve sheaths prepared by multiple freeze thawing of peripheral nerve tissue. This process depletes all native cells from the nerve sheath but maintains basal lamina integrity and flexibility. A major advantage of using these decellularized nerve sheaths in repair strategies is that they can be obtained from cadaveric tissue and therefore do not require patient matching because the immune response is generated from the intrinsic cells and not the sheath itself. The patient's own cells can then be used to repopulate the decellularized peripheral nerve sheath. Our technique described in this chapter uses decellularized nerve sheaths which are repopulated with extrinsic Schwann cells previously grown in vitro. The Schwann cells can also be engineered in multiple ways, for example, to secrete bioactive proteins beneficial to axonal regeneration.
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29
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Jones I, Novikova LN, Novikov LN, Renardy M, Ullrich A, Wiberg M, Carlsson L, Kingham PJ. Regenerative effects of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural crest cells for treatment of peripheral nerve injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e2099-e2109. [PMID: 29327452 PMCID: PMC5947619 DOI: 10.1002/term.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical intervention is the current gold standard treatment following peripheral nerve injury. However, this approach has limitations, and full recovery of both motor and sensory modalities often remains incomplete. The development of artificial nerve grafts that either complement or replace current surgical procedures is therefore of paramount importance. An essential component of artificial grafts is biodegradable conduits and transplanted cells that provide trophic support during the regenerative process. Neural crest cells are promising support cell candidates because they are the parent population to many peripheral nervous system lineages. In this study, neural crest cells were differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. The differentiated cells exhibited typical stellate morphology and protein expression signatures that were comparable with native neural crest. Conditioned media harvested from the differentiated cells contained a range of biologically active trophic factors and was able to stimulate in vitro neurite outgrowth. Differentiated neural crest cells were seeded into a biodegradable nerve conduit, and their regeneration potential was assessed in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. A robust regeneration front was observed across the entire width of the conduit seeded with the differentiated neural crest cells. Moreover, the up-regulation of several regeneration-related genes was observed within the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord segments harvested from transplanted animals. Our results demonstrate that the differentiated neural crest cells are biologically active and provide trophic support to stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration. Differentiated neural crest cells are therefore promising supporting cell candidates to aid in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Jones
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory of Neural Repair and Cellular Therapy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liudmila N Novikova
- Laboratory of Neural Repair and Cellular Therapy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N Novikov
- Laboratory of Neural Repair and Cellular Therapy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Monika Renardy
- ITV Denkendorf Product Service GmbH, Denkendorf, Germany
| | | | - Mikael Wiberg
- Laboratory of Neural Repair and Cellular Therapy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Hand and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leif Carlsson
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J Kingham
- Laboratory of Neural Repair and Cellular Therapy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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30
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Huang J, Patel N, Lyon K. An update–tissue engineered nerve grafts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Neural Regen Res 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232458
expr 973353844 + 912195704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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31
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Patel NP, Lyon KA, Huang JH. An update-tissue engineered nerve grafts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:764-774. [PMID: 29862995 PMCID: PMC5998615 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are caused by a range of etiologies and result in a broad spectrum of disability. While nerve autografts are the current gold standard for the reconstruction of extensive nerve damage, the limited supply of autologous nerve and complications associated with harvesting nerve from a second surgical site has driven groups from multiple disciplines, including biomedical engineering, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and orthopedic surgery, to develop a suitable or superior alternative to autografting. Over the last couple of decades, various types of scaffolds, such as acellular nerve grafts (ANGs), nerve guidance conduits, and non-nervous tissues, have been filled with Schwann cells, stem cells, and/or neurotrophic factors to develop tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs). Although these have shown promising effects on peripheral nerve regeneration in experimental models, the autograft has remained the gold standard for large nerve gaps. This review provides a discussion of recent advances in the development of TENGs and their efficacy in experimental models. Specifically, TENGs have been enhanced via incorporation of genetically engineered cells, methods to improve stem cell survival and differentiation, optimized delivery of neurotrophic factors via drug delivery systems (DDS), co-administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and pretreatment with chondroitinase ABC (Ch-ABC). Other notable advancements include conduits that have been bioengineered to mimic native nerve structure via cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and the development of transplantable living nervous tissue constructs from rat and human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Grafts composed of non-nervous tissues, such as vein, artery, and muscle, will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher A Lyon
- Texas A&M College of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Texas A&M College of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
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32
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Cortés D, Carballo-Molina OA, Castellanos-Montiel MJ, Velasco I. The Non-Survival Effects of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Neural Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:258. [PMID: 28878618 PMCID: PMC5572274 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was first characterized as a survival-promoting molecule for dopaminergic neurons (DANs). Afterwards, other cells were also discovered to respond to GDNF not only as a survival factor but also as a protein supporting other cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, maturation, neurite outgrowth and other phenomena that have been less studied than survival and are now more extendedly described here in this review article. During development, GDNF favors the commitment of neural precursors towards dopaminergic, motor, enteric and adrenal neurons; in addition, it enhances the axonal growth of some of these neurons. GDNF also induces the acquisition of a dopaminergic phenotype by increasing the expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), Nurr1 and other proteins that confer this identity and promote further dendritic and electrical maturation. In motor neurons (MNs), GDNF not only promotes proliferation and maturation but also participates in regenerating damaged axons and modulates the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at both presynaptic and postsynaptic levels. Moreover, GDNF modulates the rate of neuroblastoma (NB) and glioblastoma cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the presence or absence of GDNF has been correlated with conditions such as depression, pain, muscular soreness, etc. Although, the precise role of GDNF is unknown, it extends beyond a survival effect. The understanding of the complete range of properties of this trophic molecule will allow us to investigate its broad mechanisms of action to accelerate and/or improve therapies for the aforementioned pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del IFC-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurologíaMéxico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar A. Carballo-Molina
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del IFC-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurologíaMéxico City, Mexico
| | - María José Castellanos-Montiel
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del IFC-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurologíaMéxico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del IFC-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurologíaMéxico City, Mexico
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33
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Development of multifunctional films for peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 56:141-152. [PMID: 27693689 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) porous film with longitudinal surface micropatterns was fabricated by a dry phase inversion technique to be used as potential conduit material for peripheral nerve regeneration applications. The presence of a nerve growth factor (NGF) gradient on the patterned film surface and protein loaded, surface-eroding, biodegradable, and amphiphilic polyanhydride (PA) microparticles within the film matrix, enabled co-delivery of neurotrophic factors with controlled release properties and enhanced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. The protein loading capacity of PA particles was increased up to 80% using the spray drying technique, while the surface loading of NGF reached 300ng/cm2 through ester-amine interactions. The NGF surface gradient provided initial fast release from the film surface and facilitated directional neurite outgrowth along with the longitudinal micropatterns. Furthermore, the variable backbone chemistry and surface eroding nature of protein-loaded PA microparticles within the film matrix ensured protein stability and enabled controlled protein release. This novel co-delivery strategy yielded tunable diffusion coefficients varying between 6×10-14 and 1.67×10-10cm2/min and dissolution constants ranging from 1×10-4 to 1×10-3min-1 with released amounts of ∼100-300ng/mL. This strategy promoted guided neurite extension from PC12 cells of up to 10μm total neurite length per cell in 2days. Overall, this unique strategy can potentially be extended for individually programmed delivery of multiple growth factors through the use of PA microparticle cocktails and can further be investigated for in vivo performance as potential conduit material for peripheral nerve regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript focuses on the development of multifunctional degradable polymer films that provide topographic cues for guided growth, surface gradients of growth factors as well as nanoparticles in the films for tunable release of growth factors to enable peripheral nerve regeneration. The combination of cues was designed to overcome limitations of current strategies to facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration. These multifunctional films successfully provided high protein loading capacities while persevering activity, protein gradients on the surface, and tunable release of bioactive nerve growth factor that promoted directional and guided neurite extension of PC12 cells of up to 10μm in 2days. These multifunctional films can be made into conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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34
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Zuo W, Wu H, Zhang K, Lv P, Xu F, Jiang W, Zheng L, Zhao J. Baicalin promotes the viability of Schwann cells in vitro by regulating neurotrophic factors. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:507-514. [PMID: 28672960 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (SCs) are key events in the process of peripheral nerve repair. This is required to promote the growth of SCs and is a challenge during the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Baicalin is a natural herb-derived flavonoid compound, which has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects on rats with permanent brain ischemia and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. The association of baicalin with neuroprotection leads to the suggestion that baicalin may exert effects on the growth of SCs. In the present study, the effects of baicalin on SCs of RSC96 were investigated. RSC96 SCs were treated with various concentrations of baicalin (0, 5, 10 or 20 µM) for 2, 4 and 6 days. Cell attachment, viability and gene expression were monitored via the MTT assay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The gene expression levels of several neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor, which are considered important factors in the process of never cell regeneration, were detected. The results indicated that baicalin was able to promote the viability of RSC96 SCs in a dose-dependent manner and the concentration of 20 µM of baicalin exhibited the greatest cell viability and gene expression of the studied neurotrophic factors. The present findings suggested that baicalin likely affects SCs metabolism, through modulating the expression of neurotrophic factors. To conclude, the present study indicates that baicalin may be potential therapeutic agent for treating peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpu Zuo
- Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huayu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peizhen Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fuben Xu
- Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guangxi High School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weizhe Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guangxi High School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guangxi High School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Ee X, Yan Y, Hunter DA, Schellhardt L, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Mackinnon SE, Wood MD. Transgenic SCs expressing GDNF-IRES-DsRed impair nerve regeneration within acellular nerve allografts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2121-2130. [PMID: 28481001 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Providing temporally regulated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to injured nerve can promote robust axon regeneration. However, it is poorly understood why providing highly elevated levels of GDNF to nerve can lead to axon entrapment in the zone containing elevated GDNF. This limited understanding represents an obstacle to the translation of GDNF therapies to treat nerve injuries clinically. Here, we investigated how transgenic Schwann cells (SCs) overexpressing GDNF-IRES-DsRed impact nerve regeneration. Cultured primary SCs were transduced with lentiviruses (GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs), one of which provides the capability to express high levels of GDNF and regulate temporal GDNF expression. These SC groups were transplanted into acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) bridging a 14 mm rat sciatic nerve defect. GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs expressing GDNF for as little as 1 week decreased axon regeneration across ANAs and caused extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. To determine whether additional gene expression changes beyond GDNF transgene expression occurred in GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs, microarray analysis of GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs compared to untreated SCs was performed. Microarray analysis revealed a set of common genes regulated in transgenic SC groups expressing high levels of GDNF compared to untreated SCs. A co-culture model of GDNF-overexpressing transgenic SCs with fibroblasts (FBs) revealed differential FB ECM-related gene expression compared to untreated SCs. These data suggest a component of axon entrapment is independent of GDNF's impact on axons. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2121-2130. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Ying Yan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Daniel A Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Lauren Schellhardt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Susan E Mackinnon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8238, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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Busuttil F, Rahim AA, Phillips JB. Combining Gene and Stem Cell Therapy for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:231-238. [PMID: 27960587 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a substantially increased understanding of neuropathophysiology, insufficient functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury remains a significant clinical challenge. Nerve regeneration following injury is dependent on Schwann cells, the supporting cells in the peripheral nervous system. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells adopt a proregenerative phenotype, which supports and guides regenerating nerves. However, this phenotype may not persist long enough to ensure functional recovery. Tissue-engineered nerve repair devices containing therapeutic cells that maintain the appropriate phenotype may help enhance nerve regeneration. The combination of gene and cell therapy is an emerging experimental strategy that seeks to provide the optimal environment for axonal regeneration and reestablishment of functional circuits. This review aims to summarize current preclinical evidence with potential for future translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Busuttil
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - James B Phillips
- 2 Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , London, United Kingdom
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Preferential Enhancement of Sensory and Motor Axon Regeneration by Combining Extracellular Matrix Components with Neurotrophic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010065. [PMID: 28036084 PMCID: PMC5297700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, motor and sensory axons are able to regenerate but inaccuracy of target reinnervation leads to poor functional recovery. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and neurotrophic factors (NTFs) exert their effect on different neuronal populations creating a suitable environment to promote axonal growth. Here, we assessed in vitro and in vivo the selective effects of combining different ECM components with NTFs on motor and sensory axons regeneration and target reinnervation. Organotypic cultures with collagen, laminin and nerve growth factor (NGF)/neurotrophin-3 (NT3) or collagen, fibronectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) selectively enhanced sensory neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons and motor neurite outgrowth from spinal cord slices respectively. For in vivo studies, the rat sciatic nerve was transected and repaired with a silicone tube filled with a collagen and laminin matrix with NGF/NT3 encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MP) (LM + MP.NGF/NT3), or a collagen and fibronectin matrix with BDNF in PLGA MPs (FN + MP.BDNF). Retrograde labeling and functional tests showed that LM + MP.NGF/NT3 increased the number of regenerated sensory neurons and improved sensory functional recovery, whereas FN + MP.BDNF preferentially increased regenerated motoneurons and enhanced motor functional recovery. Therefore, combination of ECM molecules with NTFs may be a good approach to selectively enhance motor and sensory axons regeneration and promote appropriate target reinnervation.
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Pan B, Liu Y, Yan JY, Wang Y, Yao X, Zhou HX, Lu L, Kong XH, Feng SQ. Gene expression analysis at multiple time-points identifies key genes for nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:373-383. [PMID: 27313142 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of gene expression during Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS A microarray was used to detect gene expression in the distal nerve 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after sciatic nerve crush. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict function of the differentially expressed mRNAs. Microarray results and the key pathways were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Differentially expressed mRNAs at different time-points (3, 7, and 14 days) after injury were identified and compared with a control group (0 day). Nine general trends of changes in gene expression were identified. Key signal pathways and 9 biological processes closely associated with nerve regeneration were identified and verified. CONCLUSIONS Differentially expressed genes and biological processes and pathways associated with axonal regeneration may elucidate the molecular-biological mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 55: 373-383, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Jia-Yin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Heng-Xing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
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Wang Y, Li WY, Jia H, Zhai FG, Qu WR, Cheng YX, Liu YC, Deng LX, Guo SF, Jin ZS. KLF7-transfected Schwann cell graft transplantation promotes sciatic nerve regeneration. Neuroscience 2016; 340:319-332. [PMID: 27826105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our former study demonstrated that Krüppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7) is a transcription factor that stimulates axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Currently, we used a gene therapy approach to overexpress KLF7 in Schwann cells (SCs) and assessed whether KLF7-transfected SCs graft could promote sciatic nerve regeneration. SCs were transfected by adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)-KLF7 in vitro. Mice were allografted by an acellular nerve (ANA) with either an injection of DMEM (ANA group), SCs (ANA+SCs group) or AAV2-KLF7-transfected SCs (ANA+KLF7-SCs group) to assess repair of a sciatic nerve gap. The results indicate that KLF7 overexpression promoted the proliferation of both transfected SCs and native SCs. The neurite length of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants was enhanced. Several beneficial effects were detected in the ANA+KLF7-SCs group including an increase in the compound action potential amplitude, sciatic function index score, enhanced expression of PKH26-labeling transplant SCs, peripheral myelin protein 0, neurofilaments, S-100, and myelinated regeneration nerve. Additionally, HRP-labeled motoneurons in the spinal cord, CTB-labeled sensory neurons in the DRG, motor endplate density and the weight ratios of target muscles were increased by the treatment while thermal hyperalgesia was diminished. Finally, expression of KLF7, NGF, GAP43, TrkA and TrkB were enhanced in the grafted SCs, which may indicate that several signal pathways may be involved in conferring the beneficial effects from KLF7 overexpression. We concluded that KLF7-overexpressing SCs promoted axonal regeneration of the peripheral nerve and enhanced myelination, which collectively proved KLF-SCs as a novel therapeutic strategy for injured nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China.
| | - Hua Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Feng-Guo Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Wen-Rui Qu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yong-Xia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Yan-Cui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Su-Fen Guo
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zai-Shun Jin
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Differential regenerative ability of sensory and motor neurons. Neurosci Lett 2016; 652:35-40. [PMID: 27818349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After injury, the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) lacks long-distance axon regeneration. This review discusses the similarities and differences of sensory and motor neurons, seeking to understand how to achieve functional sensory and motor regeneration. As these two types of neurons respond differently to axotomy, growth environment and treatment, the future challenge will be on how to achieve full recovery in a way that allows regeneration of both types of fibres simultaneously.
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Dose-Dependent Differential Effect of Neurotrophic Factors on In Vitro and In Vivo Regeneration of Motor and Sensory Neurons. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4969523. [PMID: 27867665 PMCID: PMC5102746 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4969523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peripheral axons can regenerate after nerve transection and repair, functional recovery is usually poor due to inaccurate reinnervation. Neurotrophic factors promote directional guidance to regenerating axons and their selective application may help to improve functional recovery. Hence, we have characterized in organotypic cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia the effect of GDNF, FGF-2, NGF, NT-3, and BDNF at different concentrations on motor and sensory neurite outgrowth. In vitro results show that GDNF and FGF-2 enhanced both motor and sensory neurite outgrowth, NGF and NT-3 were the most selective to enhance sensory neurite outgrowth, and high doses of BDNF selectively enhanced motor neurite outgrowth. Then, NGF, NT-3, and BDNF (as the most selective factors) were delivered in a collagen matrix within a silicone tube to repair the severed sciatic nerve of rats. Quantification of Fluorogold retrolabeled neurons showed that NGF and NT-3 did not show preferential effect on sensory regeneration whereas BDNF preferentially promoted motor axons regeneration. Therefore, the selective effects of NGF and NT-3 shown in vitro are lost when they are applied in vivo, but a high dose of BDNF is able to selectively enhance motor neuron regeneration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Zuo W, Xu F, Zhang K, Zheng L, Zhao J. Proliferation-enhancing effects of gastrodin on RSC96 Schwann cells by regulating ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:747-753. [PMID: 27710899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (SCs) are essential in the process of peripheral nerve repair. A large amount of studies focused on the promotion of the growth of SCs for cell based therapy. Gastrodin (GAS), the main constituent of a Chinese traditional herbal medicine named Gastrodia elata Blume, has been reported to be associated with neuroprotective properties. Besides, GAS activated MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways which are often involved in growth of nerve cells were also reported. Based on the hypothesis that GAS may have an effect on SCs growth, we studied the effect of GAS on rat RSC96 Schwann cells (SCs) and further explored the underlying mechanism. Various concentration of GAS (0μM, 50μM, 100μM, and 200μM) was used for treatment of RSC96 SCs, with the cell proliferation and gene expression of several neurotrophic factors to be detected. Regulation of MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways were assayed by detecting phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. The results showed that GAS could effectively promote proliferation of RSC96 SCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The best performance was obtained at the concentration of 200μM. Exploration of the underlying mechanism showed that GAS probably affects SCs metabolism through inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation and activating Akt phosphorylation in RSC96 SCs. This study may provide reference for its application in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpu Zuo
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fuben Xu
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Zheng
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guangxi High School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guangxi High School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Marquardt LM, Ee X, Iyer N, Hunter D, Mackinnon SE, Wood MD, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Finely Tuned Temporal and Spatial Delivery of GDNF Promotes Enhanced Nerve Regeneration in a Long Nerve Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:2852-64. [PMID: 26466815 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of growth factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury has been useful in promoting axon survival and regeneration. Unfortunately, finding a method that delivers the appropriate spatial and temporal release profile to promote functional recovery has proven difficult. Some release methods result in burst release profiles too short to remain effective over the regeneration period; however, prolonged exposure to GDNF can result in axonal entrapment at the site of release. Thus, GDNF was delivered in both a spatially and temporally controlled manner using a two-phase system comprised of an affinity-based release system and conditional lentiviral GDNF overexpression from Schwann cells (SCs). Briefly, SCs were transduced with a tetracycline-inducible (Tet-On) GDNF overexpressing lentivirus before transplantation. Three-centimeter acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) were modified by injection of a GDNF-releasing fibrin scaffold under the epineurium and then used to bridge a 3 cm sciatic nerve defect. To encourage growth past the ANA, GDNF-SCs were transplanted into the distal nerve and doxycycline was administered for 4, 6, or 8 weeks to determine the optimal duration of GDNF expression in the distal nerve. Live imaging and histomorphometric analysis determined that 6 weeks of doxycycline treatment resulted in enhanced regeneration compared to 4 or 8 weeks. This enhanced regeneration resulted in increased gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle mass for animals receiving doxycycline for 6 weeks. The results of this study demonstrate that strategies providing spatial and temporal control of delivery can improve axonal regeneration and functional muscle reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Marquardt
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xueping Ee
- 2 Divison of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nisha Iyer
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Hunter
- 2 Divison of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan E Mackinnon
- 2 Divison of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew D Wood
- 2 Divison of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,2 Divison of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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Cortés D, Robledo-Arratia Y, Hernández-Martínez R, Escobedo-Ávila I, Bargas J, Velasco I. Transgenic GDNF Positively Influences Proliferation, Differentiation, Maturation and Survival of Motor Neurons Produced from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:217. [PMID: 27672361 PMCID: PMC5018488 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent and thus can differentiate into every cell type present in the body. Directed differentiation into motor neurons (MNs) has been described for pluripotent cells. Although neurotrophic factors promote neuronal survival, their role in neuronal commitment is elusive. Here, we developed double-transgenic lines of mouse ESC (mESC) that constitutively produce glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and also contain a GFP reporter, driven by HB9, which is expressed only by postmitotic MNs. After lentiviral transduction, ESC lines integrated and expressed the human GDNF (hGDNF) gene without altering pluripotency markers before differentiation. Further, GDNF-ESC showed significantly higher spontaneous release of this neurotrophin to the medium, when compared to controls. To study MN induction, control and GDNF cell lines were grown as embryoid bodies and stimulated with retinoic acid and Sonic Hedgehog. In GDNF-overexpressing cells, a significant increase of proliferative Olig2+ precursors, which are specified as spinal MNs, was found. Accordingly, GDNF increases the yield of cells with the pan motor neuronal markers HB9, monitored by GFP expression, and Isl1. At terminal differentiation, almost all differentiated neurons express phenotypic markers of MNs in GDNF cultures, with lower proportions in control cells. To test if the effects of GDNF were present at early differentiation stages, exogenous recombinant hGDNF was added to control ESC, also resulting in enhanced MN differentiation. This effect was abolished by the co-addition of neutralizing anti-GDNF antibodies, strongly suggesting that differentiating ESC are responsive to GDNF. Using the HB9::GFP reporter, MNs were selected for electrophysiological recordings. MNs differentiated from GDNF-ESC, compared to control MNs, showed greater electrophysiological maturation, characterized by increased numbers of evoked action potentials (APs), as well as by the appearance of rebound APs, sag inward rectification, spike frequency adaptation and spontaneous synaptic potentials. Upon challenge with kainate, GDNF-overexpressing cells are more resistant to excitotoxicity than control MNs. Together these data indicate that GDNF promotes proliferation of MN-committed precursors, promotes neuronal differentiation, enhances maturation, and confers neuroprotection. GDNF-expressing ESC can be useful in studies of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurología "Manuel Velasco Suárez"Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Robledo-Arratia
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Ávila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Bargas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurología "Manuel Velasco Suárez"Mexico City, Mexico
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Oprych KM, Whitby RLD, Mikhalovsky SV, Tomlins P, Adu J. Repairing Peripheral Nerves: Is there a Role for Carbon Nanotubes? Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1253-71. [PMID: 27027923 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury continues to be a major global health problem that can result in debilitating neurological deficits and neuropathic pain. Current state-of-the-art treatment involves reforming the damaged nerve pathway using a nerve autograft. Engineered nerve repair conduits can provide an alternative to the nerve autograft avoiding the inevitable tissue damage caused at the graft donor site. Commercially available nerve repair conduits are currently only considered suitable for repairing small nerve lesions; the design and performance of engineered conduits requires significant improvements to enable their use for repairing larger nerve defects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an emerging novel material for biomedical applications currently being developed for a range of therapeutic technologies including scaffolds for engineering and interfacing with neurological tissues. CNTs possess a unique set of physicochemical properties that could be useful within nerve repair conduits. This progress report aims to evaluate and consolidate the current literature pertinent to CNTs as a biomaterial for supporting peripheral nerve regeneration. The report is presented in the context of the state-of-the-art in nerve repair conduit design; outlining how CNTs may enhance the performance of next generation peripheral nerve repair conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Oprych
- Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neurology; University College London; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | | | - Sergey V. Mikhalovsky
- School of Engineering; Nazarbayev University; Astana 010000 Kazakhstan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
| | | | - Jimi Adu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
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Bianco J, De Berdt P, Deumens R, des Rieux A. Taking a bite out of spinal cord injury: do dental stem cells have the teeth for it? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1413-37. [PMID: 26768693 PMCID: PMC11108394 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dental stem cells are an emerging star on a stage that is already quite populated. Recently, there has been a lot of hype concerning these cells in dental therapies, especially in regenerative endodontics. It is fitting that most research is concentrated on dental regeneration, although other uses for these cells need to be explored in more detail. Being a true mesenchymal stem cell, their capacities could also prove beneficial in areas outside their natural environment. One such field is the central nervous system, and in particular, repairing the injured spinal cord. One of the most formidable challenges in regenerative medicine is to restore function to the injured spinal cord, and as yet, a cure for paralysis remains to be discovered. A variety of approaches have already been tested, with graft-based strategies utilising cells harbouring appropriate properties for neural regeneration showing encouraging results. Here we present a review focusing on properties of dental stem cells that endorse their use in regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis on repairing the damaged spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bianco
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Focal release of neurotrophic factors by biodegradable microspheres enhance motor and sensory axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Brain Res 2016; 1636:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hoyng SA, de Winter F, Tannemaat MR, Blits B, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J. Gene therapy and peripheral nerve repair: a perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:32. [PMID: 26236188 PMCID: PMC4502351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical phase I/II studies have demonstrated the safety of gene therapy for a variety of central nervous system disorders, including Canavan's, Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), retinal diseases and pain. The majority of gene therapy studies in the CNS have used adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) and the first AAV-based therapeutic, a vector encoding lipoprotein lipase, is now marketed in Europe under the name Glybera. These remarkable advances may become relevant to translational research on gene therapy to promote peripheral nervous system (PNS) repair. This short review first summarizes the results of gene therapy in animal models for peripheral nerve repair. Secondly, we identify key areas of future research in the domain of PNS-gene therapy. Finally, a perspective is provided on the path to clinical translation of PNS-gene therapy for traumatic nerve injuries. In the latter section we discuss the route and mode of delivery of the vector to human patients, the efficacy and safety of the vector, and the choice of the patient population for a first possible proof-of-concept clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Hoyng
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fred de Winter
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn J A Malessy
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kambiz S, Duraku LS, Baas M, Nijhuis THJ, Cosgun SG, Hovius SER, Ruigrok TJH, Walbeehm ET. Long-term follow-up of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic reinnervation of the epidermis following sciatic nerve reconstruction in rats. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:254-69. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns141075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in long-term functional deficits. The current gold standard for transected nerves is an end-to-end reconstruction, which results in the intermittent appearance of neuropathic pain.
METHODS
To improve our understanding of the relation between this type of reconstruction and neuropathic pain, the authors transected and immediately end-to-end reconstructed the sciatic nerve in rats. The effect of this procedure on neuropathic pain, as measured by thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity at 4 different time points (5, 10, 20, and 30 weeks), was related to the density of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic fiber innervation in the glabrous skin of rats' hind paws.
RESULTS
Thermal hypersensitivity occurring 20 weeks after reconstruction was accompanied by a significant increase in peptidergic epidermal fibers. However, the lesion-induced reduction in the density of nonpeptidergic epidermal fibers remained decreased at all experimental time points. Moreover, temporal collateral sprouting by undamaged saphenous nerve was visualized using the recently revised Evans blue extravasation technique. Strikingly, as the sciatic nerve repopulated rats' hind paw, the saphenous nerve withdrew to its original territory.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors conclude that the transient thermal hypersensitivity is related to increased density of epidermal peptidergic fibers, which mainly originate from regenerating fibers. Furthermore, a changed composition in the peptidergic and nonpeptidergic epidermal fibers is demonstrated following end-to-end reconstruction of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoista Kambiz
- Departments of 1Neuroscience and
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Liron S. Duraku
- Departments of 1Neuroscience and
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Martijn Baas
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tim H. J. Nijhuis
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Saniye G. Cosgun
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Steven E. R. Hovius
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Erik T. Walbeehm
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
- 3Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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Zhang W, Zhu X, Liu Y, Chen M, Yan S, Mao X, Liu Z, Wu W, Chen C, Xu X, Wang Y. Nur77 Was Essential for Neurite Outgrowth and Involved in Schwann Cell Differentiation After Sciatic Nerve Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:38-47. [PMID: 25957997 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nur77, together with Nurr1 and NOR-1, constitutes the NR4A subgroup of orphan nuclear receptors and plays critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Among them, Nur77 is universally well known to contribute to neurite outgrowth. However, information regarding its regulation and possible function in the peripheral nervous system is still limited. In this study, we performed a sciatic nerve injury model in adult rats and detected an increased expression of Nur77 in the sciatic nerve, which was similar to the expression of Oct-6. Immunofluorescence indicated that Nur77 was located in both axons and Schwann cells. In vitro, we observed enhanced expression of Nur77 during the process of both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced Schwann cells differentiation and nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced PC12 cell neurite outgrowth. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that inhibiting the function of Nur77 by specific short hairpin RNA could depress Schwann cells myelinization and axons regeneration. Collectively, all these results suggested that upregulation of Nur77 might be involved in Schwann cells differentiation and neurite elongation following sciatic nerve crush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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