1
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Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Munn RG, Bilkey DK, Ward RD. Basal forebrain and prelimbic cortex connectivity is related to behavioral response in an attention task. iScience 2024; 27:109266. [PMID: 38439980 PMCID: PMC10910283 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is critical for the motivational recruitment of attention in response to reward-related cues. This finding is consistent with a role for the BF in encoding and transmitting motivational salience and readying prefrontal circuits for further attentional processing. We recorded local field potentials to determine connectivity between prelimbic cortex (PrL) and BF during the modulation of attention by reward-related cues. We find that theta and gamma power are robustly associated with behavior. Power in both bands is significantly lower during trials in which an incorrect behavioral response is made. We find strong coherence during responses that are significantly stronger when a correct response is made. We show that information flow is largely monodirectional from BF to and is strongest when correct responses are made. These experiments demonstrate that connectivity between BF and the PrL increases during periods of increased motivational recruitment of attentional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert G.K. Munn
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ryan D. Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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2
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Miles JT, Kidder KS, Mizumori SJY. Hippocampal beta rhythms as a bridge between sensory learning and memory-guided decision-making. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1187272. [PMID: 37215359 PMCID: PMC10196064 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1187272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A pillar of systems neuroscience has been the study of neural oscillations. Research into these oscillations spans brain areas, species, and disciplines, giving us common ground for discussing typically disparate fields of neuroscience. In this review, we aim to strengthen the dialog between sensory systems research and learning and memory systems research by examining a 15-40 Hz oscillation known as the beta rhythm. Starting with foundational observations based largely in olfactory systems neuroscience, we review evidence suggesting beta-based activity may extend across sensory systems generally, as well as into the hippocampus and areas well known for coordinating decisions and memory-guided behaviors. After evaluating this work, we propose a framework wherein the hippocampal beta oscillation and its diverse coupling with other brain areas can support both sensory learning and memory-guided decision-making. Using this framework, we also propose circuitries that may support these processes, and experiments to test our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Thomas Miles
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kevan Scott Kidder
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sheri J. Y. Mizumori
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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3
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Iwasaki S, Sasaki T, Ikegaya Y. Hippocampal beta oscillations predict mouse object-location associative memory performance. Hippocampus 2021; 31:503-511. [PMID: 33556218 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Memorizing the locations of environmental cues is crucial for survival and depends on the hippocampus. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the hippocampus of freely moving mice during an object location task. The power of beta-band (23-30 Hz) oscillations increased immediately before approaching objects in a memory-encoding phase. The exploration-induced beta oscillations gradually decreased during the memory-encoding session. Mice that exhibited stronger beta oscillation power exhibited better performance in the subsequent memory-retrieval test. These results suggest that beta oscillations in the hippocampal CA1 region are involved in the memory encoding of object-location associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Optogenetic Stimulation of Basal Forebrain Parvalbumin Neurons Activates the Default Mode Network and Associated Behaviors. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108359. [PMID: 33176133 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the basal forebrain (BF) has been associated with increased attention, arousal, and a heightened cortical representation of the external world. In addition, BF has been implicated in the regulation of the default mode network (DMN) and associated behaviors. Here, we provide causal evidence for a role of BF in DMN regulation, highlighting a prominent role of parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons. The optogenetic activation of BF PV neurons reliably drives animals toward DMN-like behaviors, with no effect on memory encoding. In contrast, BF electrical stimulation enhances memory performance and increases DMN-like behaviors. BF stimulation has a correlated impact on peptide regulation in the BF and ACC, enhancing peptides linked to grooming behavior and memory functions, supporting a crucial role of the BF in DMN regulation. We suggest that in addition to enhancing attentional functions, the BF harbors a network encompassing PV GABAergic neurons that promotes self-directed behaviors associated with the DMN.
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5
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Azimi H, Klaassen AL, Thomas K, Harvey MA, Rainer G. Role of the Thalamus in Basal Forebrain Regulation of Neural Activity in the Primary Auditory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4481-4495. [PMID: 32244254 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have implicated the basal forebrain (BF) as a potent regulator of sensory encoding even at the earliest stages of or cortical processing. The source of this regulation involves the well-documented corticopetal cholinergic projections from BF to primary cortical areas. However, the BF also projects to subcortical structures, including the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which has abundant reciprocal connections with sensory thalamus. Here we present naturalistic auditory stimuli to the anesthetized rat while making simultaneous single-unit recordings from the ventral medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and primary auditory cortex (A1) during electrical stimulation of the BF. Like primary visual cortex, we find that BF stimulation increases the trial-to-trial reliability of A1 neurons, and we relate these results to change in the response properties of MGN neurons. We discuss several lines of evidence that implicate the BF to thalamus pathway in the manifestation of BF-induced changes to cortical sensory processing and support our conclusions with supplementary TRN recordings, as well as studies in awake animals showing a strong relationship between endogenous BF activity and A1 reliability. Our findings suggest that the BF subcortical projections that modulate MGN play an important role in auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Azimi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - A-L Klaassen
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - K Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - M A Harvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - G Rainer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
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6
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Impaired Parahippocampal Gyrus-Orbitofrontal Cortex Circuit Associated with Visuospatial Memory Deficit as a Potential Biomarker and Interventional Approach for Alzheimer Disease. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:831-844. [PMID: 32350798 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex (PHG-OFC) circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex (POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex (vlOFC) circuit in rodents. Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between an impaired POR-vlOFC circuit and visuospatial memory deficits through retrograde tracing and in vivo local field potential recordings in 5XFAD mice, and investigated alterations of the PHG-OFC circuit by multi-domain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on the AD spectrum. We demonstrated that an impaired glutamatergic POR-vlOFC circuit resulted in deficient visuospatial memory in 5XFAD mice. Moreover, MRI measurements of the PHG-OFC circuit had an accuracy of 77.33% for the classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment converters versus non-converters. Thus, the PHG-OFC circuit explains the neuroanatomical basis of visuospatial memory deficits in AD, thereby providing a potential predictor for AD progression and a promising interventional approach for AD.
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7
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Záborszky L, Gombkoto P, Varsanyi P, Gielow MR, Poe G, Role LW, Ananth M, Rajebhosale P, Talmage DA, Hasselmo ME, Dannenberg H, Minces VH, Chiba AA. Specific Basal Forebrain-Cortical Cholinergic Circuits Coordinate Cognitive Operations. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9446-9458. [PMID: 30381436 PMCID: PMC6209837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1676-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on recent molecular genetics, as well as functional and quantitative anatomical studies, the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections, once viewed as a diffuse system, are emerging as being remarkably specific in connectivity. Acetylcholine (ACh) can rapidly and selectively modulate activity of specific circuits and ACh release can be coordinated in multiple areas that are related to particular aspects of cognitive processing. This review discusses how a combination of multiple new approaches with more established techniques are being used to finally reveal how cholinergic neurons, together with other BF neurons, provide temporal structure for behavior, contribute to local cortical state regulation, and coordinate activity between different functionally related cortical circuits. ACh selectively modulates dynamics for encoding and attention within individual cortical circuits, allows for important transitions during sleep, and shapes the fidelity of sensory processing by changing the correlation structure of neural firing. The importance of this system for integrated and fluid behavioral function is underscored by its disease-modifying role; the demise of BF cholinergic neurons has long been established in Alzheimer's disease and recent studies have revealed the involvement of the cholinergic system in modulation of anxiety-related circuits. Therefore, the BF cholinergic system plays a pivotal role in modulating the dynamics of the brain during sleep and behavior, as foretold by the intricacies of its anatomical map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Záborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark 07102,
| | - Peter Gombkoto
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark 07102
| | - Peter Varsanyi
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark 07102
| | - Matthew R Gielow
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark 07102
| | - Gina Poe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095
| | - Lorna W Role
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Mala Ananth
- Program in Neuroscience and Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Program in Neuroscience and Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - David A Talmage
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Michael E Hasselmo
- Center for Systems Neuroscience and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and
| | - Holger Dannenberg
- Center for Systems Neuroscience and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and
| | - Victor H Minces
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego 92093
| | - Andrea A Chiba
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego 92093
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8
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Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Ward RD. Basal Forebrain Mediates Motivational Recruitment of Attention by Reward-Associated Cues. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:786. [PMID: 30425617 PMCID: PMC6218575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain, composed of distributed nuclei, including substantia innominata (SI), nucleus basalis and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca plays a crucial neuromodulatory role in the brain. In particular, its projections to the prefrontal cortex have been shown to be important in a wide variety of brain processes and functions, including attention, learning and memory, arousal, and decision-making. In the present study, we asked whether the basal forebrain is involved in recruitment of cognitive effort in response to reward-related cues. This interaction between motivation and cognition is critically impacted in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. Using the Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) technique combined with our recently developed signaled probability sustained attention task (SPSA), which explicitly assays the interaction between motivation and attention, we sought to determine the role of the basal forebrain in this interaction. Rats were stereotaxically injected in the basal forebrain with either hM4D(Gi) (a virus that expresses receptors which silence neurons in the presence of the drug clozapine-N-oxide; CNO) or a control virus and tested in the SPSA. Behavior of rats during baseline and under saline indicated control by reward probability. In the presence of CNO, differential accuracy of hM4D(Gi) rats on high and low reward-probability trials was abolished. This result occurred despite spared ability of the reward-probability signals to differentially impact choice-response latencies and omissions. These results indicate that the basal forebrain is critical for the motivational recruitment of attention in response to reward-related cues and are consistent with a role for basal forebrain in encoding and transmitting motivational salience of reward-related cues and readying prefrontal circuits for further attentional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan D Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Solari N, Hangya B. Cholinergic modulation of spatial learning, memory and navigation. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2199-2230. [PMID: 30055067 PMCID: PMC6174978 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spatial learning, including encoding and retrieval of spatial memories as well as holding spatial information in working memory generally serving navigation under a broad range of circumstances, relies on a network of structures. While central to this network are medial temporal lobe structures with a widely appreciated crucial function of the hippocampus, neocortical areas such as the posterior parietal cortex and the retrosplenial cortex also play essential roles. Since the hippocampus receives its main subcortical input from the medial septum of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system, it is not surprising that the potential role of the septo-hippocampal pathway in spatial navigation has been investigated in many studies. Much less is known of the involvement in spatial cognition of the parallel projection system linking the posterior BF with neocortical areas. Here we review the current state of the art of the division of labour within this complex 'navigation system', with special focus on how subcortical cholinergic inputs may regulate various aspects of spatial learning, memory and navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Solari
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems NeuroscienceDepartment of Cellular and Network NeurobiologyInstitute of Experimental MedicineHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Hangya
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems NeuroscienceDepartment of Cellular and Network NeurobiologyInstitute of Experimental MedicineHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
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10
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Tingley D, Alexander AS, Quinn LK, Chiba AA, Nitz D. Multiplexed oscillations and phase rate coding in the basal forebrain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3230. [PMID: 30083600 PMCID: PMC6070333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Complex behaviors demand temporal coordination among functionally distinct brain regions. The basal forebrain's afferent and efferent structure suggests a capacity for mediating this coordination at a large scale. During performance of a spatial orientation task, synaptic activity in this region was dominated by four amplitude-independent oscillations temporally organized by the phase of the slowest, a theta-frequency rhythm. Oscillation amplitudes were also organized by task epoch and positively correlated to the task-related modulation of individual neuron firing rates. For many neurons, spiking was temporally organized through phase precession against theta band field potential oscillations. Theta phase precession advanced in parallel to task progression, rather than absolute spatial location or time. Together, the findings reveal a process by which associative brain regions can integrate independent oscillatory inputs and transform them into sequence-specific, rate-coded outputs that are adaptive to the pace with which organisms interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tingley
- New York University (NYU) Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, NYU, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laleh K. Quinn
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Andrea A. Chiba
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
| | - Douglas Nitz
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093–0515, USA
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11
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Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a collection of cortical brain regions that is active during states of rest or quiet wakefulness in humans and other mammalian species. A pertinent characteristic of the DMN is a suppression of local field potential gamma activity during cognitive task performance as well as during engagement with external sensory stimuli. Conversely, gamma activity is elevated in the DMN during rest. Here, we document that the rat basal forebrain (BF) exhibits the same pattern of responses, namely pronounced gamma oscillations during quiet wakefulness in the home cage and suppression of this activity during active exploration of an unfamiliar environment. We show that gamma oscillations are localized to the BF and that gamma-band activity in the BF has a directional influence on a hub of the rat DMN, the anterior cingulate cortex, during DMN-dominated brain states. The BF is well known as an ascending, activating, neuromodulatory system involved in wake-sleep regulation, memory formation, and regulation of sensory information processing. Our findings suggest a hitherto undocumented role of the BF as a subcortical node of the DMN, which we speculate may be important for switching between internally and externally directed brain states. We discuss potential BF projection circuits that could underlie its role in DMN regulation and highlight that certain BF nuclei may provide potential target regions for up- or down-regulation of DMN activity that might prove useful for treatment of DMN dysfunction in conditions such as epilepsy or major depressive disorder.
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12
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Nair J, Klaassen AL, Poirot J, Vyssotski A, Rasch B, Rainer G. Gamma band directional interactions between basal forebrain and visual cortex during wake and sleep states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 110:19-28. [PMID: 27913167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is an important regulator of cortical excitability and responsivity to sensory stimuli, and plays a major role in wake-sleep regulation. While the impact of BF on cortical EEG or LFP signals has been extensively documented, surprisingly little is known about LFP activity within BF. Based on bilateral recordings from rats in their home cage, we describe endogenous LFP oscillations in the BF during quiet wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS) states. Using coherence and Granger causality methods, we characterize directional influences between BF and visual cortex (VC) during each of these states. We observed pronounced BF gamma activity particularly during wakefulness, as well as to a lesser extent during SWS and REM. During wakefulness, this BF gamma activity exerted a directional influence on VC that was associated with cortical excitation. During SWS but not REM, there was also a robust directional gamma band influence of BF on VC. In all three states, directional influence in the gamma band was only present in BF to VC direction and tended to be regulated specifically within each brain hemisphere. Locality of gamma band LFPs to the BF was confirmed by demonstration of phase locking of local spiking activity to the gamma cycle. We report novel aspects of endogenous BF LFP oscillations and their relationship to cortical LFP signals during sleep and wakefulness. We link our findings to known aspects of GABAergic BF networks that likely underlie gamma band LFP activations, and show that the Granger causality analyses can faithfully recapitulate many known attributes of these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan Nair
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Arndt-Lukas Klaassen
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Poirot
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexei Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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13
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Rangel LM, Rueckemann JW, Riviere PD, Keefe KR, Porter BS, Heimbuch IS, Budlong CH, Eichenbaum H. Rhythmic coordination of hippocampal neurons during associative memory processing. eLife 2016; 5:e09849. [PMID: 26751780 PMCID: PMC4718808 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal oscillations are dynamic, with unique oscillatory frequencies present during different behavioral states. To examine the extent to which these oscillations reflect neuron engagement in distinct local circuit processes that are important for memory, we recorded single cell and local field potential activity from the CA1 region of the hippocampus as rats performed a context-guided odor-reward association task. We found that theta (4–12 Hz), beta (15–35 Hz), low gamma (35–55 Hz), and high gamma (65–90 Hz) frequencies exhibited dynamic amplitude profiles as rats sampled odor cues. Interneurons and principal cells exhibited unique engagement in each of the four rhythmic circuits in a manner that related to successful performance of the task. Moreover, principal cells coherent to each rhythm differentially represented task dimensions. These results demonstrate that distinct processing states arise from the engagement of rhythmically identifiable circuits, which have unique roles in organizing task-relevant processing in the hippocampus. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09849.001 Electrodes placed on the surface of the scalp can reveal rhythmic patterns of electrical activity within the brain. These rhythms reflect the coordinated firing of large numbers of neurons that are connected together within a network in order to process information. A single network can show rhythms with various different frequencies depending on its local connections and the pattern of input that it receives at any given time. One region that exhibits striking changes in these rhythmic patterns is the hippocampus: a brain area that plays a key role in memory. The hippocampus contains many cell types, including interneurons (which form connections with nearby cells) and principal cells (which connect with cells outside of this region). Though both participate in rhythmic circuits, little is known about the different extents to which these distinct cell types are engaged in rhythmic processing, or how rhythmic processing might support memory. Rangel, Rueckemann, Rivière et al. have now addressed these questions by using electrodes to record from the hippocampus as rats learned to associate specific odors in different environments with a reward. As the rats sniffed the odors, their brains showed four different hippocampal rhythms: from a low frequency called “theta”, through “beta” and “low gamma” up to “high gamma” frequencies. Each of these hippocampal rhythms varied in strength over time, indicating that rhythmic processing is dynamic during the task. Rangel, Rueckemann, Rivière et al. found that neurons fired rhythmically during trials in which the rat chose the correct odor-environment combination. In these correct trials, individual principal cells were more likely to fire in synchrony with only one of the rhythms. In contrast, interneurons were more likely to fire in synchrony to each of the four rhythms at some point during a correct choice. Among the four rhythms, coordinated principal cell and interneuron firing with respect to the beta rhythm was most tightly linked with a correct choice. These findings reveal that investigation of rhythmic dynamics in the hippocampus can provide insight into how the timing of cell activity is coordinated to support memory. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09849.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Rangel
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States.,Cognitive Rhythms Collaborative, Boston University, Boston, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jon W Rueckemann
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Pamela D Riviere
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Katherine R Keefe
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Blake S Porter
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States.,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian S Heimbuch
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States.,University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Carl H Budlong
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Howard Eichenbaum
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, United States
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14
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Martin HGS, Bernabeu A, Lassalle O, Bouille C, Beurrier C, Pelissier-Alicot AL, Manzoni OJ. Endocannabinoids Mediate Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Depression in the Adult Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:457. [PMID: 26648844 PMCID: PMC4664641 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic inputs into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with attention and cognition; however there is evidence that acetylcholine also has a role in PFC dependent learning and memory. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the PFC can induce synaptic plasticity, but the underlying mechanisms remain either opaque or unresolved. We have characterized a form of mAChR mediated long-term depression (LTD) at glutamatergic synapses of layer 5 principal neurons in the adult medial PFC. This mAChR LTD is induced with the mAChR agonist carbachol and inhibited by selective M1 mAChR antagonists. In contrast to other cortical regions, we find that this M1 mAChR mediated LTD is coupled to endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) signaling. Inhibition of the principal eCB CB1 receptor blocked carbachol induced LTD in both rats and mice. Furthermore, when challenged with a sub-threshold carbachol application, LTD was induced in slices pretreated with the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor JZL184, suggesting that the eCB 2-arachidonylglyerol (2-AG) mediates M1 mAChR LTD. Yet, when endogenous acetylcholine was released from local cholinergic afferents in the PFC using optogenetics, it failed to trigger eCB-LTD. However coupling patterned optical and electrical stimulation to generate local synaptic signaling allowed the reliable induction of LTD. The light—electrical pairing induced LTD was M1 mAChR and CB1 receptor mediated. This shows for the first time that connecting excitatory synaptic activity with coincident endogenously released acetylcholine controls synaptic gain via eCB signaling. Together these results shed new light on the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the adult PFC and expand on the actions of endogenous cholinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry G S Martin
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; INMED UMR_S 901 Marseille, France
| | - Axel Bernabeu
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; INMED UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; APHM, CHU Conception, Service de Psychiatrie Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Lassalle
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; INMED UMR_S 901 Marseille, France
| | - Clément Bouille
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; INMED UMR_S 901 Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Beurrier
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille UMR 7288 Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Pelissier-Alicot
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; INMED UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; APHM, CHU Timone Adultes, Service de Médecine Légale Marseille, France
| | - Olivier J Manzoni
- Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée UMR_S 901 Marseille, France ; INMED UMR_S 901 Marseille, France
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15
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Rangel LM, Chiba AA, Quinn LK. Theta and beta oscillatory dynamics in the dentate gyrus reveal a shift in network processing state during cue encounters. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:96. [PMID: 26190979 PMCID: PMC4486843 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is an important structure for learning and memory processes, and has strong rhythmic activity. Although a large amount of research has been dedicated toward understanding the rhythmic activity in the hippocampus during exploratory behaviors, specifically in the theta (5–10 Hz) frequency range, few studies have examined the temporal interplay of theta and other frequencies during the presentation of meaningful cues. We obtained in vivo electrophysiological recordings of local field potentials (LFP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus as rats performed three different associative learning tasks. In each task, cue presentations elicited pronounced decrements in theta amplitude in conjunction with increases in beta (15–30 Hz) amplitude. These changes were often transient but were sustained from the onset of cue encounters until the occurrence of a reward outcome. This oscillatory profile shifted in time to precede cue encounters over the course of the session, and was not present during similar behaviors in the absence of task relevant stimuli. The observed decreases in theta amplitude and increases in beta amplitude in the DG may thus reflect a shift in processing state that occurs when encountering meaningful cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Rangel
- Cognitive Rhythms Collaborative, Laboratory of Cognitive Neurobiology, CAS Psychology, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Chiba
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laleh K Quinn
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Abstract
The basal forebrain comprises several heterogeneous neuronal subgroupings having modular projection patterns to discrete sets of cortical subregions. Each cortical region forms recurrent projections, via prefrontal cortex, that reach the specific basal forebrain subgroups from which they receive afferents. This architecture enables the basal forebrain to selectively modulate cortical responsiveness according to current processing demands. Theoretically, optimal functioning of this distributed network would be enhanced by temporal coordination among coactive basal forebrain neurons, or the emergence of "cell assemblies." The present work demonstrates assembly formation in rat basal forebrain neuronal populations during a selective attention task. Neuron pairs exhibited coactivation patterns organized within beta-frequency time windows (55 ms), regardless of their membership within distinct bursting versus nonbursting basal forebrain subpopulations. Thus, the results reveal a specific temporal framework for integration of information within basal forebrain networks and for the modulation of cortical responsiveness.
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17
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Rangel LM, Eichenbaum H. Brain rhythms: towards a coherent picture of ensemble development in learning. Curr Biol 2015; 24:R620-1. [PMID: 25004370 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A recent study suggests that coherence of 20-40 Hz brain oscillations in the hippocampus and upstream lateral entorhinal cortex may support encoding of task-relevant information during associative learning. Coordination of local hippocampal circuits in this frequency range could be important for encoding new information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Rangel
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - H Eichenbaum
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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18
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França ASC, do Nascimento GC, Lopes-dos-Santos V, Muratori L, Ribeiro S, Lobão-Soares B, Tort ABL. Beta2 oscillations (23-30 Hz) in the mouse hippocampus during novel object recognition. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3693-703. [PMID: 25288307 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The oscillatory activity of hippocampal neuronal networks is believed to play a role in memory acquisition and consolidation. Particular focus has been given to characterising theta (4-12 Hz), gamma (40-100 Hz) and ripple (150-250 Hz) oscillations. Beyond these well-described network states, few studies have investigated hippocampal beta2 (23-30 Hz) activity in vivo and its link to behaviour. A previous sudy showed that the exploration of novel environments may lead to the appearance of beta2 oscillations in the mouse hippocampus. In the present study we characterised hippocampal beta2 oscillations in mice during an object recognition task. We found prominent bursts of beta2 oscillations in the beginning of novel exploration sessions (four new objects), which could be readily observed by spectral analysis and visual inspection of local field potentials. Beta2 modulated hippocampal but not neocortical neurons and its power decreased along the session. We also found increased beta2 power in the beginning of a second exploration session performed 24 h later in a slightly modified environment (two new, two familiar objects), but to a lesser extent than in the first session. However, the increase in beta2 power in the second exploration session became similar to the first session when we pharmacologically impaired object recognition in a new set of experiments performed 1 week later. Our results suggest that hippocampal beta2 activity is associated with a dynamic network state tuned for novelty detection and which may allow new learning to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S C França
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59056-450, Brazil; Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience of Natal, Natal, Brazil
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19
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Optogenetic activation of septal cholinergic neurons suppresses sharp wave ripples and enhances theta oscillations in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13535-40. [PMID: 25197052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411233111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta oscillations in the limbic system depend on the integrity of the medial septum. The different populations of medial septal neurons (cholinergic and GABAergic) are assumed to affect different aspects of theta oscillations. Using optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic neurons in ChAT-Cre mice, we investigated their effects on hippocampal local field potentials in both anesthetized and behaving mice. Cholinergic stimulation completely blocked sharp wave ripples and strongly suppressed the power of both slow oscillations (0.5-2 Hz in anesthetized, 0.5-4 Hz in behaving animals) and supratheta (6-10 Hz in anesthetized, 10-25 Hz in behaving animals) bands. The same stimulation robustly increased both the power and coherence of theta oscillations (2-6 Hz) in urethane-anesthetized mice. In behaving mice, cholinergic stimulation was less effective in the theta (4-10 Hz) band yet it also increased the ratio of theta/slow oscillation and theta coherence. The effects on gamma oscillations largely mirrored those of theta. These findings show that medial septal cholinergic activation can both enhance theta rhythm and suppress peri-theta frequency bands, allowing theta oscillations to dominate.
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