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Abubaker M, Al Qasem W, Kvašňák E. Working Memory and Cross-Frequency Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:756661. [PMID: 34744934 PMCID: PMC8566716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is the active retention and processing of information over a few seconds and is considered an essential component of cognitive function. The reduced WM capacity is a common feature in many diseases, such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The theta-gamma neural code is an essential component of memory representations in the multi-item WM. A large body of studies have examined the association between cross-frequency coupling (CFC) across the cerebral cortices and WM performance; electrophysiological data together with the behavioral results showed the associations between CFC and WM performance. The oscillatory entrainment (sensory, non-invasive electrical/magnetic, and invasive electrical) remains the key method to investigate the causal relationship between CFC and WM. The frequency-tuned non-invasive brain stimulation is a promising way to improve WM performance in healthy and non-healthy patients with cognitive impairment. The WM performance is sensitive to the phase and rhythm of externally applied stimulations. CFC-transcranial-alternating current stimulation (CFC-tACS) is a recent approach in neuroscience that could alter cognitive outcomes. The studies that investigated (1) the association between CFC and WM and (2) the brain stimulation protocols that enhanced WM through modulating CFC by the means of the non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been included in this review. In principle, this review can guide the researchers to identify the most prominent form of CFC associated with WM processing (e.g., theta/gamma phase-amplitude coupling), and to define the previously published studies that manipulate endogenous CFC externally to improve WM. This in turn will pave the path for future studies aimed at investigating the CFC-tACS effect on WM. The CFC-tACS protocols need to be thoroughly studied before they can be considered as therapeutic tools in patients with WM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abubaker
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wiam Al Qasem
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eugen Kvašňák
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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High Working Memory Load Increases Intracortical Inhibition in Primary Motor Cortex and Diminishes the Motor Affordance Effect. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5544-55. [PMID: 27194334 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0284-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Motor affordances occur when the visual properties of an object elicit behaviorally relevant motor representations. Typically, motor affordances only produce subtle effects on response time or on motor activity indexed by neuroimaging/neuroelectrophysiology, but sometimes they can trigger action itself. This is apparent in "utilization behavior," where individuals with frontal cortex damage inappropriately grasp affording objects. This raises the possibility that, in healthy-functioning individuals, frontal cortex helps ensure that irrelevant affordance provocations remain below the threshold for actual movement. In Experiment 1, we tested this "frontal control" hypothesis by "loading" the frontal cortex with an effortful working memory (WM) task (which ostensibly consumes frontal resources) and examined whether this increased EEG measures of motor affordances to irrelevant affording objects. Under low WM load, there were typical motor affordance signatures: an event-related desynchronization in the mu frequency and an increased P300 amplitude for affording (vs nonaffording) objects over centroparietal electrodes. Contrary to our prediction, however, these affordance measures were diminished under high WM load. In Experiment 2, we tested competing mechanisms responsible for the diminished affordance in Experiment 1. We used paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex to measure long-interval cortical inhibition. We found greater long-interval cortical inhibition for high versus low load both before and after the affording object, suggesting that a tonic inhibition state in primary motor cortex could prevent the affordance from provoking the motor system. Overall, our results suggest that a high WM load "sets" the motor system into a suppressed state that mitigates motor affordances. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Is an irrelevant motor affordance more likely to be triggered when you are under low or high cognitive load? We examined this using physiological measures of the motor affordance while working memory load was varied. We observed a typical motor affordance signature when working memory load was low; however, it was abolished when load was high. Further, there was increased intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex under high working memory load. This suggests that being in a state of high cognitive load "sets" the motor system to be imperturbable to distracting motor influences. This makes a novel link between working memory load and the balance of excitatory/inhibitory activity in the motor cortex and potentially has implications for disorders of impulsivity.
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Eckart C, Woźniak-Kwaśniewska A, Herweg NA, Fuentemilla L, Bunzeck N. Acetylcholine modulates human working memory and subsequent familiarity based recognition via alpha oscillations. Neuroimage 2016; 137:61-69. [PMID: 27222217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) can be defined as the ability to maintain and process physically absent information for a short period of time. This vital cognitive function has been related to cholinergic neuromodulation and, in independent work, to theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (9-14Hz) band oscillations. However, the relationship between both aspects remains unclear. To fill this apparent gap, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and a within-subject design in healthy humans who either received the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (8mg) or a placebo before they performed a Sternberg WM paradigm. Here, sequences of sample images were memorized for a delay of 5s in three different load conditions (two, four or six items). On the next day, long-term memory (LTM) for the images was tested according to a remember/know paradigm. As a main finding, we can show that both theta and alpha oscillations scale during WM maintenance as a function of WM load; this resembles the typical performance decrease. Importantly, cholinergic stimulation via galantamine administration slowed down retrieval speed during WM and reduced associated alpha but not theta power, suggesting a functional relationship between alpha oscillations and WM performance. At LTM, this pattern was accompanied by impaired familiarity based recognition. These findings show that stimulating the healthy cholinergic system impairs WM and subsequent recognition, which is in line with the notion of a quadratic relationship between acetylcholine levels and cognitive functions. Moreover, our data provide empirical evidence for a specific role of alpha oscillations in acetylcholine dependent WM and associated LTM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Eckart
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Nora A Herweg
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lluis Fuentemilla
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute] IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Cramer NP, Xu X, F Haydar T, Galdzicki Z. Altered intrinsic and network properties of neocortical neurons in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12655. [PMID: 26702072 PMCID: PMC4760451 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a varying but significant degree of cognitive disability. Although hippocampal deficits clearly play an important role, behavioral studies also suggest that deficits within the neocortex contribute to somatosensory deficits and impaired cognition in DS. Using thalamocortical slices from the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, we investigated the intrinsic and network properties of regular spiking neurons within layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex. In these neurons, the membrane capacitance was increased and specific membrane resistance decreased in slices from Ts65Dn mice. Examination of combined active and passive membrane properties suggests that trisomic layer 4 neurons are less excitable than those from euploid mice. The frequencies of excitatory and inhibitory spontaneous synaptic activities were also reduced in Ts65Dn neurons. With respect to network activity, spontaneous network oscillations (Up states) were shorter and less numerous in the neocortex from Ts65Dn mice when compared to euploid. Up states evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventrobasal nucleus (VBN) of the thalamus were similarly affected in Ts65Dn mice. Additionally, monosynaptic EPSCs and polysynaptic IPSCs evoked by VBN stimulation were significantly delayed in layer 4 regular spiking neurons from Ts65Dn mice. These results indicate that, in the Ts65Dn model of DS, the overall electrophysiological properties of neocortical neurons are altered leading to aberrant network activity within the neocortex. Similar changes in DS individuals may contribute to sensory and cognitive dysfunction and therefore may implicate new targets for cognitive therapies in this developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Cramer
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiufen Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tarik F Haydar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zygmunt Galdzicki
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mizuhara H, Sato N, Yamaguchi Y. Cortical networks dynamically emerge with the interplay of slow and fast oscillations for memory of a natural scene. Neuroimage 2015; 111:76-84. [PMID: 25700951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations are crucial for revealing dynamic cortical networks and for serving as a possible mechanism of inter-cortical communication, especially in association with mnemonic function. The interplay of the slow and fast oscillations might dynamically coordinate the mnemonic cortical circuits to rehearse stored items during working memory retention. We recorded simultaneous EEG-fMRI during a working memory task involving a natural scene to verify whether the cortical networks emerge with the neural oscillations for memory of the natural scene. The slow EEG power was enhanced in association with the better accuracy of working memory retention, and accompanied cortical activities in the mnemonic circuits for the natural scene. Fast oscillation showed a phase-amplitude coupling to the slow oscillation, and its power was tightly coupled with the cortical activities for representing the visual images of natural scenes. The mnemonic cortical circuit with the slow neural oscillations would rehearse the distributed natural scene representations with the fast oscillation for working memory retention. The coincidence of the natural scene representations could be obtained by the slow oscillation phase to create a coherent whole of the natural scene in the working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Mizuhara
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Sato
- School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, 116-2 Kamedanakano, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8655, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Neuroinformatics Japan Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Kuki T, Fujihara K, Miwa H, Tamamaki N, Yanagawa Y, Mushiake H. Contribution of parvalbumin and somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons to slow oscillations and the balance in beta-gamma oscillations across cortical layers. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:6. [PMID: 25691859 PMCID: PMC4315041 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneurons are classified into several subtypes that contribute to cortical oscillatory activity. Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells, a type of inhibitory interneuron, are involved in the gamma oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs). Under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia or sleep, mammalian cortical circuits exhibit slow oscillations in which the active-up state and silent-down state alternate at ~1 Hz. The up state is composed of various high-frequency oscillations, including gamma oscillations. However, it is unclear how PV cells and somatostatin (SOM) cells contribute to the slow oscillations and the high-frequency oscillations nested in the up state. To address these questions, we used mice lacking glutamate decarboxylase 67, primarily in PV cells (PV-GAD67 mice) or in SOM cells (SOM-GAD67 mice). We then compared LFPs between PV-GAD67 mice and SOM-GAD67 mice. PV cells target the proximal regions of pyramidal cells, whereas SOM cells are dendrite-preferring interneurons. We found that the up state was shortened in duration in the PV-GAD67 mice, but tended to be longer in SOM-GAD67 mice. Firing rate tended to increase in PV-GAD67 mice, but tended to decrease in SOM-GAD67 mice. We also found that delta oscillations tended to increase in SOM-GAD67 mice, but tended to decrease in PV-GAD67 mice. Current source density and wavelet analyses were performed to determine the depth profiles of various high-frequency oscillations. High gamma and ripple (60–200 Hz) power decreased in the neocortical upper layers specifically in PV-GAD67 mice, but not in SOM-GAD67. In addition, beta power (15–30 Hz) increased in the deep layers, specifically in PV-GAD67 mice. These results suggest that PV cells play important roles in persistence of the up state and in the balance between gamma and beta bands across cortical layers, whereas SOM and PV cells may make an asymmetric contribution to regulate up-state and delta oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Kuki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan ; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Miwa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tamamaki
- Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tokyo, Japan
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Sweeney-Reed CM, Zaehle T, Voges J, Schmitt FC, Buentjen L, Kopitzki K, Esslinger C, Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ, Knight RT, Richardson-Klavehn A. Corticothalamic phase synchrony and cross-frequency coupling predict human memory formation. eLife 2014; 3:e05352. [PMID: 25535839 PMCID: PMC4302268 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) is thought to play an important role in a brain network involving the hippocampus and neocortex, which enables human memories to be formed. However, its small size and location deep within the brain have impeded direct investigation in humans with non-invasive techniques. Here we provide direct evidence for a functional role for the ATN in memory formation from rare simultaneous human intrathalamic and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from eight volunteering patients receiving intrathalamic electrodes implanted for the treatment of epilepsy, demonstrating real-time communication between neocortex and ATN during successful memory encoding. Neocortical-ATN theta oscillatory phase synchrony of local field potentials and neocortical-theta-to-ATN-gamma cross-frequency coupling during presentation of complex photographic scenes predicted later memory for the scenes, demonstrating a key role for the ATN in human memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Voges
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C Schmitt
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars Buentjen
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopitzki
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine Esslinger
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Hinrichs
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alan Richardson-Klavehn
- Departments of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Gu BM, van Rijn H, Meck WH. Oscillatory multiplexing of neural population codes for interval timing and working memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 48:160-85. [PMID: 25454354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interval timing and working memory are critical components of cognition that are supported by neural oscillations in prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuits. In this review, the properties of interval timing and working memory are explored in terms of behavioral, anatomical, pharmacological, and neurophysiological findings. We then describe the various neurobiological theories that have been developed to explain these cognitive processes - largely independent of each other. Following this, a coupled excitatory - inhibitory oscillation (EIO) model of temporal processing is proposed to address the shared oscillatory properties of interval timing and working memory. Using this integrative approach, we describe a hybrid model explaining how interval timing and working memory can originate from the same oscillatory processes, but differ in terms of which dimension of the neural oscillation is utilized for the extraction of item, temporal order, and duration information. This extension of the striatal beat-frequency (SBF) model of interval timing (Matell and Meck, 2000, 2004) is based on prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuit dynamics and has direct relevance to the pathophysiological distortions observed in time perception and working memory in a variety of psychiatric and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Mi Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hedderik van Rijn
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Warren H Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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The role of encoding and attention in facial emotion memory: An EEG investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:398-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Eckart C, Fuentemilla L, Bauch EM, Bunzeck N. Dopaminergic stimulation facilitates working memory and differentially affects prefrontal low theta oscillations. Neuroimage 2014; 94:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Pammer K. Temporal sampling in vision and the implications for dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 7:933. [PMID: 24596549 PMCID: PMC3925989 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been suggested that dyslexia may manifest as a deficit in the neural synchrony underlying language-based codes (Goswami, 2011), such that the phonological deficits apparent in dyslexia occur as a consequence of poor synchronisation of oscillatory brain signals to the sounds of language. There is compelling evidence to support this suggestion, and it provides an intriguing new development in understanding the aetiology of dyslexia. It is undeniable that dyslexia is associated with poor phonological coding, however, reading is also a visual task, and dyslexia has also been associated with poor visual coding, particularly visuo-spatial sensitivity. It has been hypothesized for some time that specific frequency oscillations underlie visual perception. Although little research has been done looking specifically at dyslexia and cortical frequency oscillations, it is possible to draw on converging evidence from visual tasks to speculate that similar deficits could occur in temporal frequency oscillations in the visual domain in dyslexia. Thus, here the plausibility of a visual correlate of the Temporal Sampling Framework is considered, leading to specific hypotheses and predictions for future research. A common underlying neural mechanism in dyslexia, may subsume qualitatively different manifestations of reading difficulty, which is consistent with the heterogeneity of the disorder, and may open the door for a new generation of exciting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Pammer
- The Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Kuki T, Ohshiro T, Ito S, Ji ZG, Fukazawa Y, Matsuzaka Y, Yawo H, Mushiake H. Frequency-dependent entrainment of neocortical slow oscillation to repeated optogenetic stimulation in the anesthetized rat. Neurosci Res 2013; 75:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Itthipuripat S, Wessel JR, Aron AR. Frontal theta is a signature of successful working memory manipulation. Exp Brain Res 2012; 224:255-62. [PMID: 23109082 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that working memory (WM) is updated/manipulated via a fronto-basal-ganglia circuit. One way that this could happen is via the synchronization of neural oscillations. A first step toward testing this hypothesis is to clearly establish a frontal scalp EEG signature of WM manipulation. Although many EEG studies have indeed revealed frontal EEG signatures for WM, especially in the theta frequency band (3-8 Hz), few of them required subjects to manipulate WM, and of those that did, none specifically tied the EEG signature to the manipulation process per se. Here we employed a WM manipulation task that has been shown with imaging to engage the prefrontal cortex and the striatum. We adapted this task to titrate the success of WM manipulation to approximately 50 %. Using time-frequency analysis of EEG, we showed that theta power increased over frontal cortex for successful versus failed WM manipulation, specifically at the time of the manipulation event. This establishes a clear-cut EEG signature of WM manipulation. Future studies could employ this to test the fronto-basal-ganglia hypothesis of WM updating/manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawaj Itthipuripat
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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