1
|
Li Y, Li C, Jiang L. Well-being is associated with cortical thickness network topology of human brain. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 37749598 PMCID: PMC10521404 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living a happy and meaningful life is an eternal topic in positive psychology, which is crucial for individuals' physical and mental health as well as social functioning. Well-being can be subdivided into pleasure attainment related hedonic well-being or emotional well-being, and self-actualization related eudaimonic well-being or psychological well-being plus social well-being. Previous studies have mostly focused on human brain morphological and functional mechanisms underlying different dimensions of well-being, but no study explored brain network mechanisms of well-being, especially in terms of topological properties of human brain morphological similarity network. METHODS Therefore, in the study, we collected 65 datasets including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and well-being data, and constructed human brain morphological network based on morphological distribution similarity of cortical thickness to explore the correlations between topological properties including network efficiency and centrality and different dimensions of well-being. RESULTS We found emotional well-being was negatively correlated with betweenness centrality in the visual network but positively correlated with eigenvector centrality in the precentral sulcus, while the total score of well-being was positively correlated with local efficiency in the posterior cingulate cortex of cortical thickness network. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that different dimensions of well-being corresponded to different cortical hierarchies: hedonic well-being was involved in more preliminary cognitive processing stages including perceptual and attentional information processing, while hedonic and eudaimonic well-being might share common morphological similarity network mechanisms in the subsequent advanced cognitive processing stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paying attention to speech: The role of working memory capacity and professional experience. Atten Percept Psychophys 2020; 82:3594-3605. [PMID: 32676806 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Managing attention in multispeaker environments is a challenging feat that is critical for human performance. However, why some people are better than others in allocating attention appropriately remains highly unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of two factors-working memory capacity (WMC) and professional experience-to performance on two different types of attention task: selective attention to one speaker and distributed attention among multiple concurrent speakers. We compared performance across three groups: individuals with low (n = 20) and high (n = 25) WMC, and aircraft pilots (n = 24), whose profession poses extremely high demands for both selective and distributed attention to speech. Results suggests that selective attention is highly effective, with good performance maintained under increasingly adverse conditions, whereas performance decreases substantially with the requirement to distribute attention among a larger number of speakers. Importantly, both types of attention benefit from higher WMC, suggesting reliance on some common capacity-limited resources. However, only selective attention was further improved in the pilots, pointing to its flexible and trainable nature, whereas distributed attention seems to suffer from more fixed and severe processing bottlenecks.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mayer JS, Korinth S, Peters B, Fiebach CJ. An Electrophysiological Dissociation of Encoding vs. Maintenance Failures in Visual-Spatial Working Memory. Front Psychol 2020; 11:522. [PMID: 32265809 PMCID: PMC7105797 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) performance varies substantially among individuals but the precise contribution of different WM component processes to these functional limits remains unclear. By analyzing different types of responses in a spatial WM task, we recently demonstrated a functional dissociation between confident and not-confident errors reflecting failures of WM encoding and maintenance, respectively. Here, we use event-related brain potentials to further explore this dissociation. Healthy participants performed a delayed orientation-discrimination task and rated their response confidence for each trial. The encoding-related N2pc component was significantly reduced for confident errors compared to confident correct responses, which is indicative of an encoding failure. In contrast, the maintenance-related contra-lateral delay activity was similar for these response types indicating that in confident error trials, WM representations – potentially the wrong ones – were maintained accurately and with stability throughout the delay interval. However, contra-lateral delay activity measured during the early part of the delay period was decreased for not-confident errors, potentially reflecting compromised maintenance processes. These electrophysiological findings contribute to a refined understanding of the encoding and maintenance processes that contribute to limitations in WM performance and capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S. Mayer
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jutta S. Mayer,
| | | | - Benjamin Peters
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian J. Fiebach
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alvarado-Rodríguez FJ, Romo-Vázquez R, Gallardo-Moreno GB, Vélez-Pérez H, González-Garrido AA. Type-1 diabetes shapes working memory processing strategies. Neurophysiol Clin 2019; 49:347-357. [PMID: 31711750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent hypo- and hyperglycemic episodes, whose clinical development has been associated with cognitive and working memory (WM) deficits. OBJECTIVE To contrast quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) measures between young patients with T1D and healthy controls while performing a visuospatial WM task with two memory load levels and facial emotional stimuli. METHODS Four or five neutral or happy faces were sequentially and pseudo-randomly presented in different spatial locations, followed by subsequent sequences displaying the reversed spatial order or any other. Participants were instructed to discriminate between these two alternatives during EEG recording. RESULTS A significant increase in the absolute power of the delta and theta bands, distributed mainly over the frontal region was found during task execution, with a slight decrease of alpha band power in both groups but mainly in control individuals. However, these changes were more pronounced in the T1D patients, and reached their maximum level during the WM encoding phase, even on trials with the lower memory load. In contrast, changes seemed to occur more gradually in controls and results differed significantly only on the trials with the higher WM load. CONCLUSIONS These results reflect adaptive WM-processing mechanisms in which cognitive strategies have evolved in T1D patients in order to meet task demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Romo-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 1421 Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Geisa Bearitz Gallardo-Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, 180 Francisco de Quevedo, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo Vélez-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 1421 Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrés Antonio González-Garrido
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, 180 Francisco de Quevedo, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arcizet F, Mirpour K, Foster DJ, Bisley JW. Activity in LIP, But not V4, Matches Performance When Attention is Spread. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4195-4209. [PMID: 29069324 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of neuronal responses in many visual areas while animals perform spatial attention tasks has widely been thought to be the neural correlate of visual attention, but it is unclear whether the presence or absence of this modulation contributes to our striking inability to notice changes in change blindness examples. We asked whether neuronal responses in visual area V4 and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in posterior parietal cortex could explain the limited ability of subjects to attend multiple items in a display. We trained animals to perform a change detection task in which they had to compare 2 arrays of stimuli separated briefly in time and found that each animal's performance decreased as function of set-size. Neuronal discriminability in V4 was consistent across set-sizes, but decreased for higher set-sizes in LIP. The introduction of a reward bias produced attentional enhancement in V4, but this could not explain the vast improvement in performance, whereas the enhancement in LIP responses could. We suggest that behavioral set-size effects and the marked improvement in performance with focused attention may not be related to response enhancement in V4 but, instead, may occur in or on the way to LIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Arcizet
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koorosh Mirpour
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James W Bisley
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology and the Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muthukrishnan SP, Soni S, Sharma R. Brain Networks Communicate Through Theta Oscillations to Encode High Load in a Visuospatial Working Memory Task: An EEG Connectivity Study. Brain Topogr 2019; 33:75-85. [PMID: 31650366 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The encoding of visuospatial information is the foremost and indispensable step which determines the outcome in a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task. It is considered to play a crucial role in limiting our ability to attend and process only 3-5 integrated items of information. Despite its importance in determining VSWM performance, the neural mechanisms underlying VSWM encoding have not been clearly differentiated from those involved during VSWM retention, manipulation and/or retrieval. The high temporal resolution of electroencephalography (EEG) and improved spatial resolution with dense array data acquisition makes it an ideal tool to study the dynamics in the functional brain connectivity during a cognitive task. In the present study, the changes in the functional brain connectivity due to memory load during VSWM encoding were studied using 128-channel EEG. Lagged linear coherence (LagR) was computed between 84 regions of interest (ROIs) defined according to the Brodmann areas for seven EEG frequency bands: delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). Interestingly, out of seven EEG frequency bands investigated in the current study, LagR of only theta band varied significantly in 13 brain connections due to memory load during VSWM encoding. LagR of theta band increased significantly at high memory load when compared to low memory load in twelve brain connections with the maximum change observed between right cuneus and right middle temporal gyrus (Cohen's d = 0.836), indicating the integration of brain processes to confront the increase in memory demands. Theta LagR decreased significantly between left postcentral gyrus and right precentral gyrus at high memory load as compared to low memory load, which might have a role for sustaining attention during encoding. Change in the LagR values due to memory load between fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus in the right hemisphere had a positive correlation (r = 0.464, p = 0.003) with the error rate, signifying the crucial role played by these two regions in predicting the performance. The current study has not only identified the neural connections that are responsible for the formation of working memory traces during VSWM encoding, but also support the notion that encoding is a rate-limiting process underlying our memory capacity limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sunaina Soni
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ratna Sharma
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Proskovec AL, Wiesman AI, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW. Load effects on spatial working memory performance are linked to distributed alpha and beta oscillations. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3682-3689. [PMID: 31077487 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing spatial working memory (SWM) load is generally associated with declines in behavioral performance, but the neural correlates of load-related behavioral effects remain poorly understood. Herein, we examine the alterations in oscillatory activity that accompany such performance changes in 22 healthy adults who performed a two- and four-load SWM task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). All MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged separately per load using a beamformer. Whole-brain correlation maps were computed using the load-related beamformer difference images and load-related accuracy effects on the SWM task. The results indicated that load-related differences in left inferior frontal alpha activity during encoding and maintenance were negatively correlated with load-related accuracy differences on the SWM task. That is, individuals who had more substantial decreases in prefrontal alpha during high-relative to low-load SWM trials tended to have smaller performance decrements on the high-load condition (i.e., they performed more accurately). The same pattern of neurobehavioral correlations was observed during the maintenance period for right superior temporal alpha activity and right superior parietal beta activity. Importantly, this is the first study to employ a voxel-wise whole-brain approach to significantly link load-related oscillatory differences and load-related SWM performance differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Proskovec
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Urgen BM, Topac Y, Ustun FS, Demirayak P, Oguz KK, Kansu T, Saygi S, Ozcelik T, Boyaci H, Doerschner K. Homozygous LAMC3 mutation links to structural and functional changes in visual attention networks. Neuroimage 2019; 190:242-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
9
|
Sensory-Biased and Multiple-Demand Processing in Human Lateral Frontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8755-8766. [PMID: 28821668 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0660-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of much of human lateral frontal cortex (LFC) has been characterized as "multiple demand" (MD) as these regions appear to support a broad range of cognitive tasks. In contrast to this domain-general account, recent evidence indicates that portions of LFC are consistently selective for sensory modality. Michalka et al. (2015) reported two bilateral regions that are biased for visual attention, superior precentral sulcus (sPCS) and inferior precentral sulcus (iPCS), interleaved with two bilateral regions that are biased for auditory attention, transverse gyrus intersecting precentral sulcus (tgPCS) and caudal inferior frontal sulcus (cIFS). In the present study, we use fMRI to examine both the multiple-demand and sensory-bias hypotheses within caudal portions of human LFC (both men and women participated). Using visual and auditory 2-back tasks, we replicate the finding of two bilateral visual-biased and two bilateral auditory-biased LFC regions, corresponding to sPCS and iPCS and to tgPCS and cIFS, and demonstrate high within-subject reliability of these regions over time and across tasks. In addition, we assess MD responsiveness using BOLD signal recruitment and multi-task activation indices. In both, we find that the two visual-biased regions, sPCS and iPCS, exhibit stronger MD responsiveness than do the auditory-biased LFC regions, tgPCS and cIFS; however, neither reaches the degree of MD responsiveness exhibited by dorsal anterior cingulate/presupplemental motor area or by anterior insula. These results reconcile two competing views of LFC by demonstrating the coexistence of sensory specialization and MD functionality, especially in visual-biased LFC structures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lateral frontal cortex (LFC) is known to play a number of critical roles in supporting human cognition; however, the functional organization of LFC remains controversial. The "multiple demand" (MD) hypothesis suggests that LFC regions provide domain-general support for cognition. Recent evidence challenges the MD view by demonstrating that a preference for sensory modality, vision or audition, defines four discrete LFC regions. Here, the sensory-biased LFC results are reproduced using a new task, and MD responsiveness of these regions is tested. The two visual-biased regions exhibit MD behavior, whereas the auditory-biased regions have no more than weak MD responses. These findings help to reconcile two competing views of LFC functional organization.
Collapse
|
10
|
The Dorsal Frontoparietal Network: A Core System for Emulated Action. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:589-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
11
|
Superior Intraparietal Sulcus Controls the Variability of Visual Working Memory Precision. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5623-35. [PMID: 27194340 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1596-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Limitations of working memory (WM) capacity depend strongly on the cognitive resources that are available for maintaining WM contents in an activated state. Increasing the number of items to be maintained in WM was shown to reduce the precision of WM and to increase the variability of WM precision over time. Although WM precision was recently associated with neural codes particularly in early sensory cortex, we have so far no understanding of the neural bases underlying the variability of WM precision, and how WM precision is preserved under high load. To fill this gap, we combined human fMRI with computational modeling of behavioral performance in a delayed color-estimation WM task. Behavioral results replicate a reduction of WM precision and an increase of precision variability under high loads (5 > 3 > 1 colors). Load-dependent BOLD signals in primary visual cortex (V1) and superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), measured during the WM task at 2-4 s after sample onset, were modulated by individual differences in load-related changes in the variability of WM precision. Although stronger load-related BOLD increase in superior IPS was related to lower increases in precision variability, thus stabilizing WM performance, the reverse was observed for V1. Finally, the detrimental effect of load on behavioral precision and precision variability was accompanied by a load-related decline in the accuracy of decoding the memory stimuli (colors) from left superior IPS. We suggest that the superior IPS may contribute to stabilizing visual WM performance by reducing the variability of memory precision in the face of higher load. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study investigates the neural bases of capacity limitations in visual working memory by combining fMRI with cognitive modeling of behavioral performance, in human participants. It provides evidence that the superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is a critical brain region that influences the variability of visual working memory precision between and within individuals (Fougnie et al., 2012; van den Berg et al., 2012) under increased memory load, possibly in cooperation with perceptual systems of the occipital cortex. These findings substantially extend our understanding of the nature of capacity limitations in visual working memory and their neural bases. Our work underlines the importance of integrating cognitive modeling with univariate and multivariate methods in fMRI research, thus improving our knowledge of brain-behavior relationships.
Collapse
|
12
|
Safron A. What is orgasm? A model of sexual trance and climax via rhythmic entrainment. SOCIOAFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE & PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 6:31763. [PMID: 27799079 PMCID: PMC5087698 DOI: 10.3402/snp.v6.31763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Orgasm is one of the most intense pleasures attainable to an organism, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the basis of existing literatures, this article introduces a novel mechanistic model of sexual stimulation and orgasm. In doing so, it characterizes the neurophenomenology of sexual trance and climax, describes parallels in dynamics between orgasms and seizures, speculates on possible evolutionary origins of sex differences in orgasmic responding, and proposes avenues for future experimentation. Here, a model is introduced wherein sexual stimulation induces entrainment of coupling mechanical and neuronal oscillatory systems, thus creating synchronized functional networks within which multiple positive feedback processes intersect synergistically to contribute to sexual experience. These processes generate states of deepening sensory absorption and trance, potentially culminating in climax if critical thresholds are surpassed. The centrality of rhythmic stimulation (and its modulation by salience) for surpassing these thresholds suggests ways in which differential orgasmic responding between individuals-or with different partners-may serve as a mechanism for ensuring adaptive mate choice. Because the production of rhythmic stimulation combines honest indicators of fitness with cues relating to potential for investment, differential orgasmic response may serve to influence the probability of continued sexual encounters with specific mates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Safron
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuo BC, Nobre AC, Scerif G, Astle DE. Top-Down Activation of Spatiotopic Sensory Codes in Perceptual and Working Memory Search. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:996-1009. [PMID: 26967943 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A critical requirement of an efficient cognitive system is the selection and prioritization of relevant information. This occurs when selecting specific items from our sensory inputs, which then receive preferential status at subsequent levels of processing. Many everyday tasks also require us to select internal representations, such as a relevant item from memory. We show that both of these types of search are underpinned by the spatiotopic activation of sensory codes, using both fMRI and MEG data. When individuals searched for perceived and remembered targets, the MEG data highlighted a sensor level electrophysiological effect that reflects the contralateral organization of the visual system-namely, the N2pc. The fMRI data were used to identify a network of frontoparietal areas common to both types of search, as well as the early visual areas activated by the search display. We then combined fMRI and MEG data to explore the temporal dynamics of functional connections between the frontoparietal network and the early visual areas. Searching for a target item resulted in significantly enhanced phase-phase coupling between the frontoparietal network and the visual areas contralateral to the perceived or remembered location of that target. This enhancement of spatially specific phase-phase coupling occurred before the N2pc effect and was significantly associated with it on a trial-by-trial basis. The combination of these two imaging modalities suggests that perceptual and working memory search are underpinned by the synchronization of a frontoparietal network and the relevant sensory cortices.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang D, Zhao H, Bai W, Tian X. Functional connectivity among multi-channel EEGs when working memory load reaches the capacity. Brain Res 2016; 1631:101-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Shimi A, Nobre AC, Scerif G. ERP markers of target selection discriminate children with high vs. low working memory capacity. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:153. [PMID: 26594157 PMCID: PMC4633470 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective attention enables enhancing a subset out of multiple competing items to maximize the capacity of our limited visual working memory (VWM) system. Multiple behavioral and electrophysiological studies have revealed the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting adults’ selective attention of visual percepts for encoding in VWM. However, research on children is more limited. What are the neural mechanisms involved in children’s selection of incoming percepts in service of VWM? Do these differ from the ones subserving adults’ selection? Ten-year-olds and adults used a spatial arrow cue to select a colored item for later recognition from an array of four colored items. The temporal dynamics of selection were investigated through EEG signals locked to the onset of the memory array. Both children and adults elicited significantly more negative activity over posterior scalp locations contralateral to the item to-be-selected for encoding (N2pc). However, this activity was elicited later and for longer in children compared to adults. Furthermore, although children as a group did not elicit a significant N2pc during the time-window in which N2pc was elicited in adults, the magnitude of N2pc during the “adult time-window” related to their behavioral performance during the later recognition phase of the task. This in turn highlights how children’s neural activity subserving attention during encoding relates to better subsequent VWM performance. Significant differences were observed when children were divided into groups of high vs. low VWM capacity as a function of cueing benefit. Children with large cue benefits in VWM capacity elicited an adult-like contralateral negativity following attentional selection of the to-be-encoded item, whereas children with low VWM capacity did not. These results corroborate the close coupling between selective attention and VWM from childhood and elucidate further the attentional mechanisms constraining VWM performance in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andria Shimi
- Attention, Brain, and Cognitive Development Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Christina Nobre
- Brain and Cognition Lab, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Attention, Brain, and Cognitive Development Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Consolidation time affects performance and neural activity during visual working memory. Psychiatry Res 2015; 231:33-41. [PMID: 25465313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We tested the effects of variation of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) on visual working memory (WM) performance across different load levels and the underlying brain activation patterns using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 48 healthy participants. Participants were instructed to memorise arrays of coloured squares and had to perform a match/non-match judgement on a probe stimulus after a jittered delay. We presented visual pattern masks at four SOAs after the offset of the memory array (100 ms, 200 ms, 400 ms, and 800 ms). Memory performance decreased with increased load and shortened SOA. Brain activation data showed significant effects of load (during encoding and retrieval), SOA (retrieval) and an interaction of load by SOA (encoding), mainly in frontal and parietal areas. There was also a direct relationship between successfully stored items and activation in the right inferior parietal lobule and the left middle frontal gyrus. The neurobehavioral results suggest that the frontal regions, together with the inferior parietal lobe, are associated with successful WM performance, especially under the most challenging conditions of high load and short SOAs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Harding IH, Harrison BJ, Breakspear M, Pantelis C, Yücel M. Cortical Representations of Cognitive Control and Working Memory Are Dependent Yet Non-Interacting. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:557-65. [PMID: 25249406 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control (CC) and working memory (WM) are concurrently necessary for adaptive human behavior. These processes are thought to rely on similar neural mechanisms, yet little is known of the potential competitive or cooperative brain dynamics that support their concurrent engagement during complex behavioral tasks. Here, statistical interactions (synergy/competition) and dependencies (correlations) in brain function related to CC and WM were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-five healthy adults performed a novel factorial cognitive paradigm, in which a 2-back verbal WM task was combined with the multisource interference task. Overlapping main effects in neural activation were evident in all regions of the "cognitive control network," together with robust behavioral main effects. However, no significant behavioral or cortical interaction effects were apparent. Conversely, robust positive correlations between the 2 main effects were evident within many components of the network. The results offer robust evidence that the neural representations of WM and CC are statistically dependent, but do not compete. These findings support the notion that CC and WM demands may be dynamically and flexibly encoded within a common brain network to support the efficient production of adaptive behavior across diverse task contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Harding
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- Mental Health Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dissociable yet tied inhibitory processes: The structure of inhibitory control. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 14:1026-40. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
19
|
Parra MA, Della Sala S, Logie RH, Morcom AM. Neural correlates of shape-color binding in visual working memory. Neuropsychologia 2013; 52:27-36. [PMID: 24120612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study addressed an outstanding issue regarding feature binding in working memory (WM): whether this function engages specific resources relative to those required to process individual features. We investigated the brain regions supporting the encoding and maintenance of features and bindings in a change detection task, in which 22 healthy young volunteers remembered visual arrays of abstract shapes, colors or shape-color bindings while undergoing fMRI. After an unfilled delay they saw a second array and judged whether the features or combination of features presented across the two arrays were the same or different. Temporary retention of feature bindings was found to involve additional cortical regions compared with retaining single features, regardless of whether the number of objects or the number of features differed between feature-only and binding conditions. This binding-specific activation is consistent with the involvement of different neural generators that collectively support visual temporary memory for features and for feature bindings. Regions within the parietal, temporal and occipital cortex, but not within the prefrontal cortex or the medial temporal lobe, appear to support the integrated object binding function investigated in this study. Our findings suggest that both individual features and their binding within integrated objects are used to represent complex objects in WM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Parra
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network, NHS Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H Logie
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa M Morcom
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Lin WC, Wang PW, Liu GC. Brain activation deficit in increased-load working memory tasks among adults with ADHD using fMRI. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263:561-73. [PMID: 23645101 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is impaired among adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate the brain activation deficit for low-level or increased-load WM among adults with ADHD. A total of 20 adults with ADHD and controls were recruited according to diagnostic interviewing by a psychiatrist. Phonological and visual-spatial 2-back and 3-back tasks were performed under functional magnetic resonance scanning. The results demonstrated that both the adults with ADHD and the controls exhibited activation of the fronto-parietal network for WM, and the intensity was greater in the adult ADHD group. The ADHD group had higher brain activation over the bilateral anterior cingulate, left inferior frontal lobe, hippocampus, and supplementary motor area (SMA) for phonological WM than the control group. When the task loading increased from 2-back to 3-back tasks, the adults with ADHD perceived greater difficulty. The control group exhibited increased brain activation over the frontal-parietal network in response to increased phonological WM load. However, the ADHD group showed decreased brain activation over the left precuneus, insula, and SMA. Further analysis demonstrated that the ADHD group exhibited a greater decrease in brain activation over the left fronto-parietal network, including the precuneus, SMA, insula/inferior frontal lobe, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, than the control group. These results suggest that adults with ADHD pay more effort to low demanding phonological WM. On the other hand, brain activation of the left fronto-parietal network is impaired when the demands of WM exceed the capacity of adults with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang S, Seidman LJ, Rossi S, Ahveninen J. Distinct cortical networks activated by auditory attention and working memory load. Neuroimage 2013; 83:1098-108. [PMID: 23921102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory attention and working memory (WM) allow for selection and maintenance of relevant sound information in our minds, respectively, thus underlying goal-directed functioning in everyday acoustic environments. It is still unclear whether these two closely coupled functions are based on a common neural circuit, or whether they involve genuinely distinct subfunctions with separate neuronal substrates. In a full factorial functional MRI (fMRI) design, we independently manipulated the levels of auditory-verbal WM load and attentional interference using modified Auditory Continuous Performance Tests. Although many frontoparietal regions were jointly activated by increases of WM load and interference, there was a double dissociation between prefrontal cortex (PFC) subareas associated selectively with either auditory attention or WM. Specifically, anterior dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and the right anterior insula were selectively activated by increasing WM load, whereas subregions of middle lateral PFC and inferior frontal cortex (IFC) were associated with interference only. Meanwhile, a superadditive interaction between interference and load was detected in left medial superior frontal cortex, suggesting that in this area, activations are not only overlapping, but reflect a common resource pool recruited by increased attentional and WM demands. Indices of WM-specific suppression of anterolateral non-primary auditory cortices (AC) and attention-specific suppression of primary AC were also found, possibly reflecting suppression/interruption of sound-object processing of irrelevant stimuli during continuous task performance. Our results suggest a double dissociation between auditory attention and working memory in subregions of anterior DLPFC vs. middle lateral PFC/IFC in humans, respectively, in the context of substantially overlapping circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lallier M, Carreiras M, Tainturier MJ, Savill N, Thierry G. Orthographic transparency modulates the grain size of orthographic processing: Behavioral and ERP evidence from bilingualism. Brain Res 2013; 1505:47-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Kim KK, Eliassen JC, Lee SK, Kang E. Functional neuroanatomy of visual search with differential attentional demands: An fMRI study. Brain Res 2012; 1475:49-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Feng J, Pratt J, Spence I. Attention and visuospatial working memory share the same processing resources. Front Psychol 2012; 3:103. [PMID: 22529826 PMCID: PMC3328810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention and visuospatial working memory (VWM) share very similar characteristics; both have the same upper bound of about four items in capacity and they recruit overlapping brain regions. We examined whether both attention and VWM share the same processing resources using a novel dual-task costs approach based on a load-varying dual-task technique. With sufficiently large loads on attention and VWM, considerable interference between the two processes was observed. A further load increase on either process produced reciprocal increases in interference on both processes, indicating that attention and VWM share common resources. More critically, comparison among four experiments on the reciprocal interference effects, as measured by the dual-task costs, demonstrates no significant contribution from additional processing other than the shared processes. These results support the notion that attention and VWM share the same processing resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaas AL, van Mier H, Visser M, Goebel R. The neural substrate for working memory of tactile surface texture. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1148-62. [PMID: 22576840 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine surface texture is best discriminated by touch, in contrast to macro geometric features like shape. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a delayed match-to-sample task to investigate the neural substrate for working memory of tactile surface texture. Blindfolded right-handed males encoded the texture or location of up to four sandpaper stimuli using the dominant or non-dominant hand. They maintained the information for 10-12 s and then answered whether a probe stimulus matched the memory array. Analyses of variance with the factors Hand, Task, and Load were performed on the estimated percent signal change for the encoding and delay phase. During encoding, contralateral effects of Hand were found in sensorimotor regions, whereas Load effects were observed in bilateral postcentral sulcus (BA2), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), pre-SMA, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and superior parietal lobule (SPL). During encoding and delay, Task effects (texture > location) were found in central sulcus, S2, pre-SMA, dlPFC, and SPL. The Task and Load effects found in hand- and modality-specific regions BA2 and S2 indicate involvement of these regions in the tactile encoding and maintenance of fine surface textures. Similar effects in hand- and modality-unspecific areas dlPFC, pre-SMA and SPL suggest that these regions contribute to the cognitive monitoring required to encode and maintain multiple items. Our findings stress both the particular importance of S2 for the encoding and maintenance of tactile surface texture, as well as the supramodal nature of parieto-frontal networks involved in cognitive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Kaas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|