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Powell DR, Doree DD, Shadoan MK, Platt KA, Brommage R, Vogel P, Revelli JP. Mice Lacking Mrs2 Magnesium Transporter are Hypophagic and Thin When Maintained on a High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae072. [PMID: 38878275 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Genes regulating body fat are shared with high fidelity by mice and humans, indicating that mouse knockout (KO) phenotyping might identify valuable antiobesity drug targets. Male Mrs2 magnesium transporter (Mrs2) KO mice were recently reported as thin when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). They also exhibited increased energy expenditure (EE)/body weight and had beiged adipocytes that, along with isolated hepatocytes, demonstrated increased oxygen consumption, suggesting that increased EE drove the thin phenotype. Here we provide our data on these and additional assays in Mrs2 KO mice. We generated Mrs2 KO mice by homologous recombination. HFD-fed male and female Mrs2 KO mice had significantly less body fat, measured by quantitative magnetic resonance, than wild-type (WT) littermates. HFD-fed Mrs2 KO mice did not demonstrate increased EE by indirect calorimetry and could not maintain body temperature at 4 °C, consistent with their decreased brown adipose tissue stores but despite increased beige white adipose tissue. Instead, when provided a choice between HFD and low-fat diet (LFD), Mrs2 KO mice showed a significant 15% decrease in total energy intake resulting from significantly lower HFD intake that offset numerically increased LFD intake. Food restriction studies performed using WT mice suggested that this decrease in energy intake could explain the loss of body fat. Oral glucose tolerance test studies revealed significantly improved insulin sensitivity in Mrs2 KO mice. We conclude that HFD-fed Mrs2 KO mice are thin with improved insulin sensitivity, and that this favorable metabolic phenotype is driven by hypophagia. Further evaluation is warranted to determine the suitability of MRS2 as a drug target for antiobesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deon D Doree
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Vogel
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
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2
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Huang HC, Tsai MH, Lee FY, Lin TY, Chang CC, Chuang CL, Hsu SJ, Hou MC, Huang YH. NAFLD Aggravates Septic Shock Due to Inadequate Adrenal Response and 11β-HSDs Dysregulation in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050403. [PMID: 32354071 PMCID: PMC7285211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked with metabolic syndrome. Previous studies showed that obesity may disrupt adrenal function and adversely affect its counter-regulations against shock. This study hence evaluated adrenal function abnormalities in NAFLD with shock. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with regular chow-diet (control) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% energy derived from fat). Blood tests were performed at the end of the 4th, 6th and 8th week, respectively. Experiments were performed at the end of the 8th week. Results: HFD rats developed NAFLD. HFD rats had 27% and 51% increase in plasma corticosterone at the 6th and 8th week in usual status. However, HFD rats had 5 times more reduction of mean arterial pressure in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis as compared to control rats. The corticosterone increment ratio was also lower in HFD rats, even after ACTH administration. 11β-HSD system tended to generate more corticosterone in HFD rats under hemodynamic stable status without shock and the trend was lost in HFD rats with septic shock. Conclusion: Rats with NAFLD had profound septic shock due to inadequate corticosterone response. This is, at least partly, due to 11β-HSDs dysregulation in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hung Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan;
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Yueh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Chih Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Lin Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28712121 (ext. 2014)
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
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Xiao Y, Li X, Zeng X, Wang H, Mai Q, Cheng Y, Li J, Tang L, Ding H. A Low ω-6/ω-3 Ratio High-Fat Diet Improves Rat Metabolism via Purine and Tryptophan Metabolism in the Intestinal Tract, While Reversed by Inulin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7315-7324. [PMID: 31184122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is the main cause of metabolic diseases. However, HFD in previous studies consists of much lard, which contains a large amount of omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and little omega-3 (ω-3) PUFA. The role of ω-6/ω-3 ratio of HFD in the development of metabolic diseases remains incompletely discussed. In this study, rats were fed with either a low or a high ω-6/ω-3 ratio HFD singly or combined with inulin. Metabolism state was valued and metabolomics of cecal content were detected. Results show that HFD with low ω-6/ω-3 ratio promotes the glucose utilization in rats. However, inulin had different effects on metabolism with different diets. Xanthosine and kynurenic acid in cecum were positively related to epididymal white adipose tissues (eWAT) mass. The present study indicates the beneficial effects of low ω-6/ω-3 ratio HFD (LRD) on the metabolic state of rats. Moreover, xanthosine and kynurenic acid were closely related to the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianting Mai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430000 , Hubei , People's Republic of China
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4
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Mera Y, Kawai T, Ogawa N, Odani N, Sasase T, Miyajima K, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates lipid metabolism and attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animal models. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:169-76. [PMID: 26598005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
JTT-130 was developed as an intestine-specific MTP inhibitor designed to rapidly catabolize after absorption to avoid causing hepatotoxicity due to hepatic MTP inhibition. In previous reports, we have demonstrated that JTT-130 suppresses dietary lipid absorption in the small intestine without inducing hepatic steatosis. Thus, in this report, JTT-130 was administered to hyperlipidemic animals fed a Western diet to investigate the effect of intestinal MTP inhibition on lipid metabolism and progression of atherosclerosis. JTT-130 potently lowered plasma non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), indicating improvement in atherogenic index in hamsters. HDL fractions obtained after two weeks treatment with JTT-130 significantly increased the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, as an index parameter of HDL function. Furthermore, long-term treatment with JTT-130 also improved the plasma lipid profile without inducing hepatic steatosis in rabbits, resulting in the suppression of atherosclerosis formation in aortas. From these results, JTT-130 ameliorates lipid metabolism accompanied with the enhancement of the anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL, and attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals. These findings indicate that intestinal MTP inhibition may be atherogenic in vivo and that JTT-130 may be a useful compound for the treatment of dyslipidemia and a potential anti-atherogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoto Ogawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoya Odani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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5
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Stinkens R, Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve glucose metabolism. Obes Rev 2015; 16:715-57. [PMID: 26179344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in diet composition may contribute to prevent and/or reverse these disturbances through modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Besides an increased fat mass, adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by an altered capacity to store lipids and an altered secretion of adipokines, may result in lipid overflow, systemic inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues like liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. These impairments together promote the development of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, intrinsic functional impairments in either of these organs may contribute to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. The present review provides an overview of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and gut, which can be targeted by diet or food components, thereby improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stinkens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Li J, Inoue J, Choi JM, Nakamura S, Yan Z, Fushinobu S, Kamada H, Kato H, Hashidume T, Shimizu M, Sato R. Identification of the Flavonoid Luteolin as a Repressor of the Transcription Factor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24021-35. [PMID: 26272613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins and in glucose metabolism. In the present study, we identified a naturally occurring flavonoid, luteolin, as a repressor of HNF4α by screening for effectors of the human microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) promoter. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that the activity of the MTP gene promoter was suppressed by luteolin and that the mutation of HNF4α-binding element abolished luteolin responsiveness. Luteolin treatment caused a significant decrease in the mRNA levels of HNF4α target genes in HepG2 cells and inhibited apoB-containing lipoprotein secretion in HepG2 and differentiated Caco2 cells. The interaction between luteolin and HNF4α was demonstrated using absorption spectrum analysis and luteolin-immobilized beads. Luteolin did not affect the DNA binding of HNF4α to the promoter region of its target genes but suppressed the acetylation level of histone H3 in the promoter region of certain HNF4α target genes. Short term treatment of mice with luteolin significantly suppressed the expression of HNF4α target genes in the liver. In addition, long term treatment of mice with luteolin significantly suppressed their diet-induced obesity and improved their serum glucose and lipid parameters. Importantly, long term luteolin treatment lowered serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol and serum apoB protein levels, which was not accompanied by fat accumulation in the liver. These results suggest that the flavonoid luteolin ameliorates an atherogenic lipid profile in vivo that is likely to be mediated through the inactivation of HNF4α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, 113-8657, Japan,
| | - Jung-Min Choi
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Nakamura
- the Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zhen Yan
- the Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- the Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- the Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, 113-8657, Japan, the Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Tsutomu Hashidume
- the Institute of Gerontology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, 113-8657, Japan,
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7
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Hooper AJ, Burnett JR, Watts GF. Contemporary Aspects of the Biology and Therapeutic Regulation of the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein. Circ Res 2015; 116:193-205. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA (A.J.H., J.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., J.R.B., G.F.W.), School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H), and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine (J.R.B., G.F.W), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R. Burnett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA (A.J.H., J.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., J.R.B., G.F.W.), School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H), and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine (J.R.B., G.F.W), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA (A.J.H., J.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., J.R.B., G.F.W.), School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H), and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine (J.R.B., G.F.W), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Mechanism of action of hypoglycemic effects of an intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in obese rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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9
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Sakata S, Ito M, Mera Y, Sasase T, Yamamoto H, Kakutani M, Ohta T. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, improves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia independent of suppression of food intake in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:803832. [PMID: 24895641 PMCID: PMC4033514 DOI: 10.1155/2014/803832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of JTT-130 on glucose and lipid metabolism independent of the suppression of feeding by comparing with pair-fed animals. Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were divided into control, JTT-130 treatment, and pair-fed groups. The rats were fed with a regular powdered diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture for 6 weeks. We compared the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in JTT-130 treatment group with those in pair-fed group. RESULTS. Hyperglycemia in ZDF rats was prevented in both JTT-130 treatment and pair-fed groups, but the prevention in pair-fed group became poor with time. Moreover, reduction in plasma cholesterol levels was observed only in JTT-130 treatment group. JTT-130 treatment group showed improved glucose tolerance at 5 weeks after treatment and significant elevation of portal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. The hepatic lipid content in JTT-130 treatment group was decreased as compared with pair-fed group. Furthermore, pancreatic protection effects, such as an increase in pancreatic weight and an elevation of insulin-positive area in islets, were observed after JTT-130 treatment. CONCLUSIONS. JTT-130 improves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia via a mechanism independent of suppression of food intake, which is ascribed to an enhancement of GLP-1 secretion and a reduction of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sakata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamamoto
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Takeshi Ohta:
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10
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Mera Y, Hata T, Ishii Y, Tomimoto D, Kawai T, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, reduces food preference for fat. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:583752. [PMID: 24959597 PMCID: PMC4052484 DOI: 10.1155/2014/583752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is involved in the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. JTT-130 is a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, which has been shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. JTT-130 has also been shown to suppress food intake in a dietary fat-dependent manner in rats. However, whether JTT-130 enables changes in food preference and nutrient consumption remains to be determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of JTT-130 on food preference in rat under free access to two different diets containing 3.3% fat (low-fat diet, LF diet) and 35% fat (high-fat diet, HF diet). JTT-130 decreased HF diet intake and increased LF diet intake, resulting in a change in ratio of caloric intake from LF and HF diets to total caloric intake. In addition, macronutrient analysis revealed that JTT-130 did not affect carbohydrate consumption but significantly decreased fat consumption (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that JTT-130 not only inhibits fat absorption, but also suppresses food intake and specifically reduces food preference for fat. Therefore, JTT-130 is expected to provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Yasuko Mera:
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishii
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomimoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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11
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Sakata S, Mera Y, Kuroki Y, Nashida R, Kakutani M, Ohta T. Combination therapy of an intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist in diabetic rat. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:890639. [PMID: 24772450 PMCID: PMC3977080 DOI: 10.1155/2014/890639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in combination of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor, and pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonist. Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, JTT-130 treatment group, pioglitazone treatment group, and combination group. The Zucker diabetic fatty rats were fed a regular powdered diet with JTT-130 and/or pioglitazone as a food admixture for 6 weeks. Effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were compared mainly between JTT-130 treatment group and combination group. JTT-130 treatment showed good glycemic control, while the plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in combination group were significantly decreased as compared with those JTT-130 treatment group. The reduction in the plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in combination group was higher than that in JTT-130 treatment group, and glucose utilization was significantly elevated in adipose tissues. In Zucker diabetic fatty rats, combination treatment of JTT-130 and pioglitazone showed better glycemic control and a strong hypolipidemic action with an enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Combination therapy of MTP inhibitor and PPAR γ agonist might be more useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes accompanied with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sakata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Kuroki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Reiko Nashida
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Takeshi Ohta:
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12
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Mabuchi H, Nohara A. MTP inhibitor for treating severe LDL cholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Xie Y, Matsumoto H, Nalbantoglu ILK, Kerr TA, Luo J, Rubin DC, Kennedy S, Davidson NO. Intestine-Specific Mttp Deletion Increases the Severity of Experimental Colitis and Leads to Greater Tumor Burden in a Model of Colitis Associated Cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67819. [PMID: 23805328 PMCID: PMC3689718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut derived lipid factors have been implicated in systemic injury and inflammation but the precise pathways involved are unknown. In addition, dietary fat intake and obesity are independent risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer. Here we studied the severity of experimental colitis and the development of colitis associated cancer (CAC) in mice with an inducible block in chylomicron secretion and fat malabsorption, following intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-IKO). Methodology/Principal Findings Mttp-IKO mice exhibited more severe injury with ∼90% mortality following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis, compared to <20% in controls. Intestinal permeability was increased in Mttp-IKO mice compared to controls, both at baseline and after DSS administration, in association with increased circulating levels of TNFα. DSS treatment increased colonic mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-17A as well as inflammasome expression in both genotypes, but the abundance of TNFα was selectively increased in DSS treated Mttp-IKO mice. There was a 2-fold increase in colonic tumor burden in Mttp-IKO mice following azoxymethane/DSS treatment, which was associated with increased colonic inflammation as well as alterations in cytokine expression. To examine the pathways by which alterations in fatty acid abundance might interact with cytokine signaling to regulate colonic epithelial growth, we used primary murine myofibroblasts to demonstrate that palmitate induced expression of amphiregulin and epiregulin and augmented the increase in both of these growth mediators when added to IL-1βor to TNFα. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that Mttp-IKO mice, despite absorbing virtually no dietary fat, exhibit augmented fatty acid dependent signaling that in turn exacerbates colonic injury and increases tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - ILKe Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jianyang Luo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deborah C. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ryder T, Walker GS, Goosen TC, Ruggeri RB, Conn EL, Rocke BN, Lapham K, Steppan CM, Hepworth D, Kalgutkar AS. Insights into the Novel Hydrolytic Mechanism of a Diethyl 2-Phenyl-2-(2-arylacetoxy)methyl Malonate Ester-Based Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) Inhibitor. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2138-52. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300243v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ryder
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S. Walker
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theunis C. Goosen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Roger B. Ruggeri
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Rocke
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Joy TR. Novel therapeutic agents for lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:31-43. [PMID: 22465160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite a 25-30% reduction in CVD risk with LDL-C reducing strategies, there is still a significant residual risk. Moreover, achieving target LDL-C values in individuals at high CVD risk is sometimes limited because of tolerability and/or efficacy. Thus, novel therapeutic agents are currently being developed to lower LDL-C levels further. This review will highlight some of these therapeutic agents including anti-sense oligonucleotides focused on apolipoprotein B, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, and thyromimetics. For each therapeutic class, an overview of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic data, and efficacy/safety evidence will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha R Joy
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5K8.
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16
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Hata T, Mera Y, Kawai T, Ishii Y, Kuroki Y, Kakimoto K, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:629-38. [PMID: 21362121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) takes part in the mobilization of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. METHODS Male ZDF rats were fed a regular powdered diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture (0.01-0.02%) for 6 weeks. Food intake, body weight, blood biochemical parameters, fecal lipid contents, hepatic lipid contents, tissue mRNA levels and glucose utilization in adipose tissues were assessed. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and histological analysis of the pancreas were performed. RESULTS JTT-130 treatment decreased food intake, glycated hemoglobin, plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and hepatic mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. JTT-130 treatment increased fecal levels of free fatty acids and cholesterol, plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, mRNA levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues and GLUT4 in muscle and glucose utilization in adipose tissues. Plasma insulin decreased after 2 weeks and increased after 4 weeks of JTT-130 treatment. Plasma glucose in the JTT-130-treated rats was lower with higher plasma insulin than in the control rats during the IPGTT. The islets of the JTT-130-treated rats were larger and contained more insulin than those of the control rats. CONCLUSIONS JTT-130 ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in the ZDF rats thereby suggesting that JTT-130 could be useful for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, Osaka, Japan.
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