1
|
Murai Y, Ohta T, Tadaki H, Miyajima K, Shinohara M, Fatchiyah F, Yamada T. Assessment of Pharmacological Responses to an Anti-diabetic Drug in a New Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. Med Arch 2018; 71:380-384. [PMID: 29416195 PMCID: PMC5764610 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2017.71.380-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of diabetic patients has recently been increasing worldwide, and numerous anti-diabetic drugs have been developed to induce good glycemic control. In particular, metformin, which exhibits glucose-lowering effects by suppressing gluconeogenesis in the liver, is widely used as a first line oral anti-diabetic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods In this study, the pharmacological effects of metformin were investigated using female and male Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, a new obese type 2 diabetic model. Results Two experiments were performed: an assessment of repeated treatment with metformin in female SDT fatty rats 5 to 13 weeks of age (experiment 1), and an assessment of repeated treatment with metformin in male SDT fatty rats 6 to 10 weeks of age (experiment 2). In female SDT fatty rats, metformin treatment led to good glycemic control, increases in sensory nerve conduction velocity, and improvements in pancreatic abnormalities such as irregular boundaries and vacuole form of islets. In male SDT fatty rats, metformin decreased blood glucose levels 4 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Metformin treatment led to maintained good glycemic control and improved neuropathy and pancreatic lesions in female SDT fatty rats. The SDT fatty rat is useful for the development of novel anti-diabetic agents that show potential to improve glucose metabolic disorders in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Murai
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Division of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Division of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tadaki
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Division of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resources (SMONAGENES), Brawijaya University, Jl. Mayjend. Panjaitan. Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Division of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang L, He Y, Luo G, Yang Y, Li G, Zhang Y. Discovery of potential novel microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors via virtual screening of pharmacophore modelling and molecular docking. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2016.1149701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yusu He
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ganggang Luo
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mera Y, Kawai T, Ogawa N, Odani N, Sasase T, Miyajima K, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates lipid metabolism and attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animal models. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:169-76. [PMID: 26598005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
JTT-130 was developed as an intestine-specific MTP inhibitor designed to rapidly catabolize after absorption to avoid causing hepatotoxicity due to hepatic MTP inhibition. In previous reports, we have demonstrated that JTT-130 suppresses dietary lipid absorption in the small intestine without inducing hepatic steatosis. Thus, in this report, JTT-130 was administered to hyperlipidemic animals fed a Western diet to investigate the effect of intestinal MTP inhibition on lipid metabolism and progression of atherosclerosis. JTT-130 potently lowered plasma non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), indicating improvement in atherogenic index in hamsters. HDL fractions obtained after two weeks treatment with JTT-130 significantly increased the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, as an index parameter of HDL function. Furthermore, long-term treatment with JTT-130 also improved the plasma lipid profile without inducing hepatic steatosis in rabbits, resulting in the suppression of atherosclerosis formation in aortas. From these results, JTT-130 ameliorates lipid metabolism accompanied with the enhancement of the anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL, and attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals. These findings indicate that intestinal MTP inhibition may be atherogenic in vivo and that JTT-130 may be a useful compound for the treatment of dyslipidemia and a potential anti-atherogenic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoto Ogawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoya Odani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stinkens R, Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve glucose metabolism. Obes Rev 2015; 16:715-57. [PMID: 26179344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in diet composition may contribute to prevent and/or reverse these disturbances through modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Besides an increased fat mass, adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by an altered capacity to store lipids and an altered secretion of adipokines, may result in lipid overflow, systemic inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues like liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. These impairments together promote the development of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, intrinsic functional impairments in either of these organs may contribute to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. The present review provides an overview of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and gut, which can be targeted by diet or food components, thereby improving glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stinkens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tomkin GH, Owens D. Dyslipidaemia of diabetes and the intestine. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:970-977. [PMID: 26185604 PMCID: PMC4499530 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major complication of diabetes and has become a major issue in the provision of medical care. In particular the economic burden is growing at an alarming rate in parallel with the increasing world-wide prevalence of diabetes. The major disturbance of lipid metabolism in diabetes relates to the effect of insulin on fat metabolism. Raised triglycerides being the hallmark of uncontrolled diabetes, i.e., in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The explosion of type 2 diabetes has generated increasing interest on the aetiology of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. The importance of the atherogenic properties of triglyceride rich lipoproteins has only recently been recognised by the majority of diabetologists and cardiologists even though experimental evidence has been strong for many years. In the post-prandial phase 50% of triglyceride rich lipoproteins come from chylomicrons produced in the intestine. Recent evidence has secured the chylomicron as a major player in the atherogenic process. In diabetes chylomicron production is increased through disturbance in cholesterol absorption, in particular Neimann Pick C1-like1 activity is increased as is intestinal synthesis of cholesterol through 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl co enzyme A reductase. ATP binding cassette proteins G5 and G8 which regulate cholesterol in the intestine is reduced leading to chylomicronaemia. The chylomicron particle itself is atherogenic but the increase in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins lead to an atherogenic low density lipoprotein and low high density lipoprotein. The various steps in the absorption process and the disturbance in chylomicron synthesis are discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hooper AJ, Burnett JR, Watts GF. Contemporary Aspects of the Biology and Therapeutic Regulation of the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein. Circ Res 2015; 116:193-205. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA (A.J.H., J.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., J.R.B., G.F.W.), School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H), and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine (J.R.B., G.F.W), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R. Burnett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA (A.J.H., J.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., J.R.B., G.F.W.), School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H), and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine (J.R.B., G.F.W), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA (A.J.H., J.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.J.H., J.R.B., G.F.W.), School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.J.H), and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine (J.R.B., G.F.W), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mechanism of action of hypoglycemic effects of an intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in obese rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
8
|
Jackson VM, Price DA, Carpino PA. Investigational drugs in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of obesity: implications for future development of novel therapies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1055-66. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.918952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Margaret Jackson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Price
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philip A Carpino
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mangat R, Proctor SD. Emerging pathways in the regulation of whole body cholesterol flux: therapeutic opportunities to target atherosclerosis? J Lipid Res 2014; 55:796-7. [PMID: 24670991 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e049502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rabban Mangat
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids Group, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Heart Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakata S, Ito M, Mera Y, Sasase T, Yamamoto H, Kakutani M, Ohta T. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, improves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia independent of suppression of food intake in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:803832. [PMID: 24895641 PMCID: PMC4033514 DOI: 10.1155/2014/803832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of JTT-130 on glucose and lipid metabolism independent of the suppression of feeding by comparing with pair-fed animals. Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were divided into control, JTT-130 treatment, and pair-fed groups. The rats were fed with a regular powdered diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture for 6 weeks. We compared the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in JTT-130 treatment group with those in pair-fed group. RESULTS. Hyperglycemia in ZDF rats was prevented in both JTT-130 treatment and pair-fed groups, but the prevention in pair-fed group became poor with time. Moreover, reduction in plasma cholesterol levels was observed only in JTT-130 treatment group. JTT-130 treatment group showed improved glucose tolerance at 5 weeks after treatment and significant elevation of portal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. The hepatic lipid content in JTT-130 treatment group was decreased as compared with pair-fed group. Furthermore, pancreatic protection effects, such as an increase in pancreatic weight and an elevation of insulin-positive area in islets, were observed after JTT-130 treatment. CONCLUSIONS. JTT-130 improves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia via a mechanism independent of suppression of food intake, which is ascribed to an enhancement of GLP-1 secretion and a reduction of lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sakata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamamoto
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Takeshi Ohta:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mera Y, Hata T, Ishii Y, Tomimoto D, Kawai T, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, reduces food preference for fat. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:583752. [PMID: 24959597 PMCID: PMC4052484 DOI: 10.1155/2014/583752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is involved in the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. JTT-130 is a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, which has been shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. JTT-130 has also been shown to suppress food intake in a dietary fat-dependent manner in rats. However, whether JTT-130 enables changes in food preference and nutrient consumption remains to be determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of JTT-130 on food preference in rat under free access to two different diets containing 3.3% fat (low-fat diet, LF diet) and 35% fat (high-fat diet, HF diet). JTT-130 decreased HF diet intake and increased LF diet intake, resulting in a change in ratio of caloric intake from LF and HF diets to total caloric intake. In addition, macronutrient analysis revealed that JTT-130 did not affect carbohydrate consumption but significantly decreased fat consumption (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that JTT-130 not only inhibits fat absorption, but also suppresses food intake and specifically reduces food preference for fat. Therefore, JTT-130 is expected to provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Yasuko Mera:
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishii
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomimoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sakata S, Mera Y, Kuroki Y, Nashida R, Kakutani M, Ohta T. Combination therapy of an intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist in diabetic rat. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:890639. [PMID: 24772450 PMCID: PMC3977080 DOI: 10.1155/2014/890639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in combination of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor, and pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonist. Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, JTT-130 treatment group, pioglitazone treatment group, and combination group. The Zucker diabetic fatty rats were fed a regular powdered diet with JTT-130 and/or pioglitazone as a food admixture for 6 weeks. Effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were compared mainly between JTT-130 treatment group and combination group. JTT-130 treatment showed good glycemic control, while the plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in combination group were significantly decreased as compared with those JTT-130 treatment group. The reduction in the plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in combination group was higher than that in JTT-130 treatment group, and glucose utilization was significantly elevated in adipose tissues. In Zucker diabetic fatty rats, combination treatment of JTT-130 and pioglitazone showed better glycemic control and a strong hypolipidemic action with an enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Combination therapy of MTP inhibitor and PPAR γ agonist might be more useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes accompanied with obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sakata
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Kuroki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Reiko Nashida
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Takeshi Ohta:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie Y, Matsumoto H, Nalbantoglu ILK, Kerr TA, Luo J, Rubin DC, Kennedy S, Davidson NO. Intestine-Specific Mttp Deletion Increases the Severity of Experimental Colitis and Leads to Greater Tumor Burden in a Model of Colitis Associated Cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67819. [PMID: 23805328 PMCID: PMC3689718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut derived lipid factors have been implicated in systemic injury and inflammation but the precise pathways involved are unknown. In addition, dietary fat intake and obesity are independent risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer. Here we studied the severity of experimental colitis and the development of colitis associated cancer (CAC) in mice with an inducible block in chylomicron secretion and fat malabsorption, following intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-IKO). Methodology/Principal Findings Mttp-IKO mice exhibited more severe injury with ∼90% mortality following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis, compared to <20% in controls. Intestinal permeability was increased in Mttp-IKO mice compared to controls, both at baseline and after DSS administration, in association with increased circulating levels of TNFα. DSS treatment increased colonic mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-17A as well as inflammasome expression in both genotypes, but the abundance of TNFα was selectively increased in DSS treated Mttp-IKO mice. There was a 2-fold increase in colonic tumor burden in Mttp-IKO mice following azoxymethane/DSS treatment, which was associated with increased colonic inflammation as well as alterations in cytokine expression. To examine the pathways by which alterations in fatty acid abundance might interact with cytokine signaling to regulate colonic epithelial growth, we used primary murine myofibroblasts to demonstrate that palmitate induced expression of amphiregulin and epiregulin and augmented the increase in both of these growth mediators when added to IL-1βor to TNFα. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that Mttp-IKO mice, despite absorbing virtually no dietary fat, exhibit augmented fatty acid dependent signaling that in turn exacerbates colonic injury and increases tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - ILKe Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jianyang Luo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deborah C. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Drakopoulou M, Toutouzas K, Stefanadis C. Novel pharmacotherapies of familial hyperlipidemia. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:301-12. [PMID: 23639874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial hyperlipidemia is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by elevated lipid and/or lipoprotein levels in the blood. Despite improvements in lipid-lowering therapy during the last decades, it still remains a substantial contributor to the incidence of cardiovascular disease since patients on current conventional therapies do not achieve their target LDL-cholesterol levels. With a view to lower LDL-cholesterol levels, a number of new therapeutic strategies have been developed over recent years. In this review, we provide an overview of these treatment options that are currently in clinical development and may offer alternative or adjunctive therapies for this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drakopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kemmochi Y, Fukui K, Maki M, Kimura S, Ishii Y, Sasase T, Miyajima K, Ohta T. Metabolic Disorders and Diabetic Complications in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Lepr (fa) Rat: A New Obese Type 2 Diabetic Model. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:948257. [PMID: 23691524 PMCID: PMC3647577 DOI: 10.1155/2013/948257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Lepr (fa) (SDT fatty) rat, established by introducing the fa allele of the Zucker fatty rat into SDT rat genome, is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. Both male and female SDT fatty rats show overt obesity, and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are observed at a young age as compared with SDT rats. With early incidence of diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, in SDT fatty rats were seen at younger ages compared to those in the SDT rats. In this paper, we overview pathophysiological features in SDT fatty rats and also describe new insights regarding the hematology, blood pressure, renal complications, and sexual dysfunction. The SDT fatty rats showed an increase of leukocytes, especially the monocyte count, prominent hypertension associated with salt drinking, end-stage renal disease with aging, and hypogonadism. Unlike other diabetic models, the characteristic of SDT fatty rat is to present an incidence of diabetes in females, hypertension, and retinopathy. SDT fatty rat is a useful model for analysis of various metabolic disorders and the evaluation of drugs related to metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kemmochi
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Mimi Maki
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kimura
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishii
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- *Takeshi Ohta:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ryder T, Walker GS, Goosen TC, Ruggeri RB, Conn EL, Rocke BN, Lapham K, Steppan CM, Hepworth D, Kalgutkar AS. Insights into the Novel Hydrolytic Mechanism of a Diethyl 2-Phenyl-2-(2-arylacetoxy)methyl Malonate Ester-Based Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) Inhibitor. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2138-52. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300243v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ryder
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S. Walker
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theunis C. Goosen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Roger B. Ruggeri
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Rocke
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Cardiovascular Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism−New
Chemical Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Joy TR. Novel therapeutic agents for lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:31-43. [PMID: 22465160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite a 25-30% reduction in CVD risk with LDL-C reducing strategies, there is still a significant residual risk. Moreover, achieving target LDL-C values in individuals at high CVD risk is sometimes limited because of tolerability and/or efficacy. Thus, novel therapeutic agents are currently being developed to lower LDL-C levels further. This review will highlight some of these therapeutic agents including anti-sense oligonucleotides focused on apolipoprotein B, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors, and thyromimetics. For each therapeutic class, an overview of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic data, and efficacy/safety evidence will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tisha R Joy
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5K8.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang LZ, Zhu HB. Novel LDL-oriented pharmacotherapeutical strategies. Pharmacol Res 2012; 65:402-10. [PMID: 22306845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) are highly correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Thus, current guidelines have recommended progressively lower LDL-C for cholesterol treatment and CVD prevention as the primary goal of therapy. Even so, some patients in the high risk category fail to achieve recommended LDL-C targets with currently available medications. Thereby, additional pharmaceutical strategies are urgently required. In the review, we aim to provide an overview of both current and emerging LDL-C lowering drugs. As for current available LDL-C lowering agents, attentions are mainly focused on statins, niacin, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids. On the other hand, the emerging drugs differ from mechanisms are including: intervention of cholesterol biosynthesis downstream enzyme (squalene synthase inhibitors), inhibition of lipoprotein assembly (antisense mRNA inhibitors of apolipoprotein B and microsomal transfer protein inhibitors), enhanced lipoprotein clearance (proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, thyroid hormone analogues), inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption (Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein and acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors) and interrupting enterohepatic circulation (apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitors). Several ongoing agents are in their different stages of clinical trials, in expectation of promising antihyperlipidemic drugs. Therefore, alternative drugs monotherapy or in combination with statins will be sufficient to reduce LDL-C concentrations to optimal levels, and a new era for better LDL-C managements is plausible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|