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Gammuto L, Serra V, Petroni G, Todaro MA. Molecular phylogenetic position and description of a new genus and species of freshwater Chaetonotidae (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Paucitubulatina), and the annotation of its mitochondrial genome. INVERTEBR SYST 2024; 38:IS23059. [PMID: 38980999 DOI: 10.1071/is23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Chaetonotidae is the most diversified family of the entire phylum Gastrotricha; it comprises ~430 species distributed across 16 genera. The current classification, established mainly on morphological traits, has been challenged in recent years by phylogenetic studies, indicating that the cuticular ornamentations used to discriminate among species may be misleading when used to identify groupings, which has been the practice until now. Therefore, a consensus is developing toward implementing novel approaches to better define species identity and affiliation at a higher taxonomic ranking. Using an integrative morphological and molecular approach, including annotation of the mitogenome, we report on some freshwater gastrotrichs characterised by a mixture of two types of cuticular scales diagnostic of the genera Aspidiophorus and Heterolepidoderma . Our specimens' overall anatomical characteristics find no correspondence in the taxa of these two genera, calling for their affiliation to a new species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequence of the ribosomal RNA genes of 96 taxa consistently found the new species unrelated to Aspidiophorus or Heterolepidoderma but allied with Chaetonotus aff. subtilis, as a subset of a larger clade, including mostly planktonic species. Morphological uniqueness and position along the non-monophyletic Chaetonotidae branch advocate erecting a new genus to accommodate the current specimens; consequently, the name Litigonotus ghinii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The complete mitochondrial genome of the new taxon resulted in a single circular molecule 14,384 bp long, including 13 protein-coding genes, 17 tRNA genes and 2 rRNAs genes, showing a perfect synteny and collinearity with the only other gastrotrich mitogenome available, a possible hint of a high level of conservation in the mitochondria of Chaetonotidae. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9803F659-306F-4EC3-A73B-8C704069F24A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulio Petroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and Centro Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica (CIME), Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and Centro per l'Integrazione Della Strumentazione (CISUP), Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Antonio Todaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; and National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
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Park TYS, Nielsen ML, Parry LA, Sørensen MV, Lee M, Kihm JH, Ahn I, Park C, de Vivo G, Smith MP, Harper DAT, Nielsen AT, Vinther J. A giant stem-group chaetognath. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi6678. [PMID: 38170772 PMCID: PMC10796117 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chaetognaths, with their characteristic grasping spines, are the oldest known pelagic predators, found in the lowest Cambrian (Terreneuvian). Here, we describe a large stem chaetognath, Timorebestia koprii gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, which exhibits lateral and caudal fins, a distinct head region with long antennae and a jaw apparatus similar to Amiskwia sagittiformis. Amiskwia has previously been interpreted as a total-group chaetognathiferan, as either a stem-chaetognath or gnathostomulid. We show that T. koprii shares a ventral ganglion with chaetognaths to the exclusion of other animal groups, firmly placing these fossils on the chaetognath stem. The large size (up to 30 cm) and gut contents in T. koprii suggest that early chaetognaths occupied a higher trophic position in pelagic food chains than today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yoon S. Park
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Morten Lunde Nielsen
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- School of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Luke A. Parry
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | | | - Mirinae Lee
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kihm
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Ahn
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkun Park
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Giacinto de Vivo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - M. Paul Smith
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK
| | - David A. T. Harper
- Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Arne T. Nielsen
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Jakob Vinther
- School of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Kolicka M, Dabert M, Olszanowski Z, Dabert J. Sweet or salty? The origin of freshwater gastrotrichs (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 2021; 36:458-480. [PMID: 34618974 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaetonotidae is the most diverse and widely distributed family of the order Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) and includes both marine and freshwater species. Although the family is regarded as a sister taxon to the exclusively marine Xenotrichulidae, the type of environment, marine or freshwater, where Chaetonotidae originated is still not known. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family based on molecular sequence data and mapped both morphological and ecological characters to determine the ancestral environment of the first members of the family. Our results revealed that the freshwater genus Bifidochaetus is the earliest branching lineage in the paraphyletic Chaetonotidae (encompassing Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae). Moreover, we reconstructed Lepidochaetus-Cephalionotus clade as a monophyletic sister group to the remaining chaetonotids, which supports Kisielewski's morphological based hypothesis concerning undifferentiated type of body scales as a most primary character in Chaetonotidae. We also found that reversals to marine habitats occurred independently in different Chaetonotidae lineages, thus marine species in the genera Heterolepidoderma, Halichaetonotus, Aspidiophorus and subgenera Chaetonotus (Schizochaetonotus) or Chaetonotus (Marinochaetus) should be assumed as having secondarily invaded the marine environment. Character mapping revealed a series of synapomorphies that define the clade that includes Chaetonotidae (with Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae), the most important of which may be those linked to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kolicka
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Miroslawa Dabert
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Ziemowit Olszanowski
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jacek Dabert
- Department of Animal Morphology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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Description of Lepidochaetus tirjakovae sp. nov. (Gastrotricha: Paucitubulatina: Chaetonotidae), using morphology and DNA barcoding. ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Minowa AK, Garraffoni ARS. Assessing biodiversity shortfalls of freshwater meiofauna from the Atlantic Forest: New species, distribution patterns and the first total-evidence phylogeny of semiplanktonic Gastrotricha. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 152:106926. [PMID: 32771551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian Atlantic forest is a tropical rainforest recognized as a hotspot of biodiversity, with high species richness and endemicity. This forest extends over a wide latitudinal range, bordering the entire Brazilian coastline, from sea level to high mountains over 2000 m.a.s.L., and presents a variety of environmental conditions and forest physiognomy. Despite many years of intense studies on animal biodiversity in the biome, there is a lack of information on meiofauna taxa causing several shortfalls in biodiversity knowledge of these tiny organisms. In this study, we address some of these shortfalls by describing a new species of Neogossea (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) from a lentic ecosystem in southeastern Brazil, surrounded by fragments of Atlantic Forest by using an integrative approach combining different morphological techniques and molecular data. We also point out new hypotheses of homologous structures due to scanning electron microscope observations of the new species. Additionally, we used two numerical methods to assess distribution patterns and historical regionalization of four freshwater meiofaunal taxa (Gastrotricha, Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera). For the first time, we accessed the areas of endemism in this biological hotspot based on aquatic fauna with a very peculiar life history. Due to sampling issues and meiofauna species being widespread, our results raise incongruences with previous endemism analyses on vertebrates and arthropods. Finally, we performed the first total-evidence phylogenetic analyses of benthic and semiplanktonic gastrotrichs based on 59 morphological characters and three molecular markers, employing a parsimony approach. The phylogenetic reconstruction supports the hypothesis of a single origin of semiplanktonic gastrotrichs, and both Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae families are monophyletic taxa as well as four non-monotypic genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axell K Minowa
- Laboratório de Evolução de Organismos Meiofaunais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André R S Garraffoni
- Laboratório de Evolução de Organismos Meiofaunais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Balsamo M, Artois T, Smith JPS, Todaro MA, Guidi L, Leander BS, Van Steenkiste NWL. The curious and neglected soft-bodied meiofauna: Rouphozoa (Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes). HYDROBIOLOGIA 2020; 847:2613-2644. [PMID: 33551466 PMCID: PMC7864459 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes form a clade called Rouphozoa. Representatives of both taxa are main components of meiofaunal communities, but their role in the trophic ecology of marine and freshwater communities is not sufficiently studied. Traditional collection methods for meiofauna are optimized for Ecdysozoa, and include the use of fixatives or flotation techniques that are unsuitable for the preservation and identification of soft-bodied meiofauna. As a result, rouphozoans are usually underestimated in conventional biodiversity surveys and ecological studies. Here, we give an updated outline of their diversity and taxonomy, with some phylogenetic considerations. We describe successfully tested techniques for their recovery and study, and emphasize current knowledge on the ecology, distribution and dispersal of freshwater gastrotrichs and microturbellarians. We also discuss the opportunities and pitfalls of (meta)barcoding studies as a means of overcoming the taxonomic impediment. Finally, we discuss the importance of rouphozoans in aquatic ecosystems and provide future research directions to fill in crucial gaps in the biology of these organisms needed for understanding their basic role in the ecology of benthos and their place in the trophic networks linking micro-, meio- and macrofauna of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balsamo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Tom Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena-Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Loretta Guidi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Brian S Leander
- Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Guidi L, Garraffoni ARS, Semprucci F, Balsamo M. Spermatozoa ultrastructure, spermatogenesis and reproductive system of Acanthodasys australis (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Ultrastructure of the epidermal gland system of Tetranchyroderma suecicum Boaden, 1960 (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) indicates a defensive function of its exudate. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-019-00462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Fromm B, Tosar JP, Aguilera F, Friedländer MR, Bachmann L, Hejnol A. Evolutionary Implications of the microRNA- and piRNA Complement of Lepidodermella squamata (Gastrotricha). Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:E19. [PMID: 30813358 PMCID: PMC6468455 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrotrichs-'hairy bellies'-are microscopic free-living animals inhabiting marine and freshwater habitats. Based on morphological and early molecular analyses, gastrotrichs were placed close to nematodes, but recent phylogenomic analyses have suggested their close relationship to flatworms (Platyhelminthes) within Spiralia. Small non-coding RNA data on e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) may help to resolve this long-standing question. MiRNAs are short post-transcriptional gene regulators that together with piRNAs play key roles in development. In a 'multi-omics' approach we here used small-RNA sequencing, available transcriptome and genomic data to unravel the miRNA- and piRNA complements along with the RNAi (RNA interference) protein machinery of Lepidodermella squamata (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida). We identified 52 miRNA genes representing 35 highly conserved miRNA families specific to Eumetazoa, Bilateria, Protostomia, and Spiralia, respectively, with overall high similarities to platyhelminth miRNA complements. In addition, we found four large piRNA clusters that also resemble flatworm piRNAs but not those earlier described for nematodes. Congruently, transcriptomic annotation revealed that the Lepidodermella protein machinery is highly similar to flatworms, too. Taken together, miRNA, piRNA, and protein data support a close relationship of gastrotrichs and flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Fromm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
- Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160_C, Concepción 3349001, Chile.
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marc R Friedländer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Bachmann
- Research group Frontiers in Evolutionary Zoology, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway.
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Garraffoni ARS, Araújo TQ, Lourenço AP, Guidi L, Balsamo M. Integrative taxonomy of a new Redudasys species (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) sheds light on the invasion of fresh water habitats by macrodasyids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2067. [PMID: 30765851 PMCID: PMC6376054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The order Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) includes over 350 marine species, and only 3 freshwater species (Marinellina flagellata, Redudasys fornerise, R. neotemperatus). Herein we describe a new freshwater species of Macrodasyida, Redudasys brasiliensis sp. nov., from Brazil through an integrative taxonomic approach. The external morphology and internal anatomy were investigated using differential interference contrast microscopy, confocal microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The systematization of the new taxon was inferred by nuclear (18S and 28S) and mitochondrial (COI) genes, and its intra-order relationships were assessed using data from most of available macrodasyids. Phylogenetic analyses yielded congruent trees, in which the new taxon is nested within the family Redudasyidae, but it was genetically distinct from the other species of the genus Redudasys. The new species shares the gross morphology and reproductive traits with other Redudasyidae and the presence of only 1 anterior adhesive tube per side with Redudasys neotemperatus, but it has a specific pattern of ventral ciliation and muscle organization. Results support the hypothesis that dispersion into fresh water habitats by Macrodasyida and Chaetonotida taxa occurred independently and that within Macrodasyida a single lineage invaded the freshwater environment only once. Furthermore, the Neotropical region seems to be peculiar for the evolution of the freshwater macrodasyid clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R S Garraffoni
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Q Araújo
- Departament of Zoology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anete P Lourenço
- Departament of Biological Science, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rod. BR-367, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Loretta Guidi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico, Via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61049, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Maria Balsamo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico, Via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61049, Urbino, PU, Italy
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Minowa AK, Garraffoni ARS. Redescription of the dasydytid gastrotrich Haltidytes ooëides (Brunson, 1950) based on type material. Zookeys 2018:41-48. [PMID: 30271243 PMCID: PMC6160807 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.785.28382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The semi-pelagic gastrotrich species Haltidytesooëides (Brunson, 1950) is redescribed based on original type material deposited at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Herein we present a new diagnosis and figures of the species, detailing the insertion position of the lateral spines, misinterpreted in the original description. Furthermore, we reassess the taxonomic key for the genus Haltidytes Remane, 1936 based on our new findings.
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A new species of Haltidytes Remane, 1936 (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae) from an urban lagoon in Brazil with a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus based on morphological data. ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Garraffoni ARS, Araújo TQ. Phylogeny ofPseudostomellaSwedmark, 1956 (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) base on morphological data and first insights on the historical biogeography of Thaumastodermatidae. P BIOL SOC WASH 2017. [DOI: 10.2988/17-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Rinaldo Senna Garraffoni
- (ARSG) Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil,
| | - Thiago Quintão Araújo
- (TQA) Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Garraffoni ARS. Checklist de Gastrotricha do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Neste estudo é apresentada uma lista atualizada das espécies de Gastrotricha que ocorrem nos corpos de água do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A grande maioria das espécies de Gastrotricha pertence a Chaetonotidae (quatro gêneros, nove espécies), seguida por Dasydytidae (três gêneros, três espécies) e Neogosseidae (um gênero, uma espécie). Como apenas um estudo foi realizado até hoje no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, é mais do que evidente que o conhecimento da biodiversidade dos Gastrotricha está totalmente subestimado neste estado.
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Guidi L, Todaro MA, Cesaroni L, Balsamo M. The unusual spermatozoa ofDolichodasyssp. (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). P BIOL SOC WASH 2017. [DOI: 10.2988/17-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Antonio Todaro
- (MAT) Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena-Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Cesaroni
- (LG, LC, MB) Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo', Italy,
| | - Maria Balsamo
- (LG, LC, MB) Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo', Italy,
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Bekkouche N, Worsaae K. Neuromuscular study of early branching Diuronotus aspetos (Paucitubulatina) yields insights into the evolution of organs systems in Gastrotricha. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2016; 2:21. [PMID: 27688902 PMCID: PMC5034412 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-016-0054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diuronotus is one of the most recently described genera of Paucitubulatina, one of the three major clades in Gastrotricha. Its morphology suggests that Diuronotus is an early branch of Paucitubulatina, making it a key taxon for understanding the evolution of this morphologically understudied group. Here we test its phylogenetic position employing molecular data, and provide detailed descriptions of the muscular, nervous, and ciliary systems of Diuronotus aspetos, using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS We confirm the proposed position of D. aspetos within Muselliferidae, and find this family to be the sister group to Xenotrichulidae. The muscular system, revealed by F-actin staining, shows a simple, but unique organization of the trunk musculature with a reduction to three pairs of longitudinal muscles and addition of up to five pairs of dorso-ventral muscles, versus the six longitudinal and two dorso-ventral pairs found in most Paucitubulatina. Using acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity, we describe the pharynx in detail, including new nervous structures, two pairs of sensory cilia, and a unique canal system. The central nervous system, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, shows the general pattern of Gastrotricha having a bilobed brain and a pair of ventro-longitudinal nerve cords. However, in addition are found an anterior nerve ring, several anterior longitudinal nerves, and four ventral commissures (pharyngeal, trunk, pre-anal, and terminal). Two pairs of protonephridia are documented, while other Paucitubulatina have one. Moreover, the precise arrangement of multiciliated cells is unraveled, yielding a pattern of possibly systematic importance. CONCLUSION Several neural structures of Diuronotus resemble those found in Xenotrichula (Xenotrichulidae) and may constitute new apomorphies of Paucitubulatina, or even Gastrotricha. In order to test these new evolutionary hypotheses, comparable morphological data from other understudied gastrotrich branches and a better resolution of the basal nodes of the gastrotrich phylogeny are warranted. Nonetheless, the present study offers new insights into the evolution of organ systems and systematic importance of so-far neglected characters in Gastrotricha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bekkouche
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Garraffoni ARS, Araújo TQ, Lourenço AP, Guidi L, Balsamo M. A new genus and new species of freshwater Chaetonotidae (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) from Brazil with phylogenetic position inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1214189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André R. S. Garraffoni
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia BR-367, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Q. Araújo
- Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anete P. Lourenço
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia BR-367, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Loretta Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Campus Scientifico, Via Ca’ le Suore, 2, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Campus Scientifico, Via Ca’ le Suore, 2, Urbino, Italy
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Todaro MA, Dal Zotto M, Leasi F. An Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach to the Description and Systematisation of a Novel Genus and Species of Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130278. [PMID: 26153694 PMCID: PMC4496097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrotricha systematics is in a state of flux mainly due to the conflicts between cladistic studies base on molecular markers and the classical systematisation based on morphological traits. In sandy samples from Thailand, we found numerous macrodasyidan gastrotrichs belonging to an undescribed species of difficult taxonomic affiliation. The abundance and original nature of the specimens prompted us to undertake a deep survey of both morphological and molecular traits aiming at a reliable systematisation of the new taxon. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using several microscopical techniques we investigated the external and internal anatomy, including the muscular and nervous systems of the new species. Additional specimens were used to obtain the 18S rRNA gene sequence; molecular data was analysed cladistically in conjunction with data from additional species belonging to the near complete Macrodasyida taxonomic spectrum. Specimens are vermiform, up to 806 μm in total length, and show a well-defined head equipped with peculiar leaf-like sensorial organs and a single-lobed posterior end. The adhesive apparatus includes anterior, ventrolateral, dorsal and posterior tubes. Pharynx is about 1/4 of the total length and shows pores at its posterior 3/4. Adult specimens exhibit maturing eggs and a bulky, muscular caudal organ, but do not show sperm nor the frontal organ. Musculature and nervous system organisation resemble the usual macrodasyidan plan; however, the somatic circular muscles of the intestinal region surround all other muscular components and a third FMRFamide-IR commissure ventral to the pharyngo-intestinal junction appear to be an autoapomorphic traits of the new species. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE While the anatomical characteristics of the Asian specimens appear so unique to grant the establishment of a new taxon, for which the name Thaidasys tongiorgii gen. et sp. nov. is proposed, the result of phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene unites the new genus with the family Macrodasyidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Antonio Todaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Zotto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per il Centro di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata ‘G. Bacci’, Livorno, Italy
| | - Francesca Leasi
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Kånneby T, Todaro MA. The phylogenetic position of Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) and the origin of planktonic Gastrotricha. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Todaro MA, Leasi F, Hochberg R. A new species, genus and family of marine Gastrotricha from Jamaica, with a phylogenetic analysis of Macrodasyida based on molecular data. SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.942718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Struck TH, Wey-Fabrizius AR, Golombek A, Hering L, Weigert A, Bleidorn C, Klebow S, Iakovenko N, Hausdorf B, Petersen M, Kück P, Herlyn H, Hankeln T. Platyzoan paraphyly based on phylogenomic data supports a noncoelomate ancestry of spiralia. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1833-49. [PMID: 24748651 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on molecular data three major clades have been recognized within Bilateria: Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, and Spiralia. Within Spiralia, small-sized and simply organized animals such as flatworms, gastrotrichs, and gnathostomulids have recently been grouped together as Platyzoa. However, the representation of putative platyzoans was low in the respective molecular phylogenetic studies, in terms of both, taxon number and sequence data. Furthermore, increased substitution rates in platyzoan taxa raised the possibility that monophyletic Platyzoa represents an artifact due to long-branch attraction. In order to overcome such problems, we employed a phylogenomic approach, thereby substantially increasing 1) the number of sampled species within Platyzoa and 2) species-specific sequence coverage in data sets of up to 82,162 amino acid positions. Using established and new measures (long-branch score), we disentangled phylogenetic signal from misleading effects such as long-branch attraction. In doing so, our phylogenomic analyses did not recover a monophyletic origin of platyzoan taxa that, instead, appeared paraphyletic with respect to the other spiralians. Platyhelminthes and Gastrotricha formed a monophylum, which we name Rouphozoa. To the exclusion of Gnathifera, Rouphozoa and all other spiralians represent a monophyletic group, which we name Platytrochozoa. Platyzoan paraphyly suggests that the last common ancestor of Spiralia was a simple-bodied organism lacking coelomic cavities, segmentation, and complex brain structures, and that more complex animals such as annelids evolved from such a simply organized ancestor. This conclusion contradicts alternative evolutionary scenarios proposing an annelid-like ancestor of Bilateria and Spiralia and several independent events of secondary reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten H Struck
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, GermanyUniversity of Osnabrück, FB05 Biology/Chemistry, AG Zoology, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alexandra R Wey-Fabrizius
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Biosafety Research and Consulting, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Golombek
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Hering
- Animal Evolution and Development, Institute of Biology II, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Weigert
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Bleidorn
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klebow
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Biosafety Research and Consulting, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataliia Iakovenko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Ostravian University in Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech RepublicDepartment of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Malte Petersen
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Kück
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Herlyn
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Biosafety Research and Consulting, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Todaro MA, Perissinotto R, Bownes SJ. Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Zookeys 2013:77-94. [PMID: 23878511 PMCID: PMC3713354 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.315.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the mostly benthic gastrotrichs, the Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) are particularly interesting from an evolutionary point of view in virtue of their planktonic lifestyle; yet, they are poorly known and uncertainties concerning morphological traits hamper accurate in-group systematics. During a recent survey of meiofauna in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa, two species of Neogosseidae were found in a freshwater pond near Charter’s Creek on the Western Shores of Lake St Lucia. Based on morphological traits, one species has been identified as Neogossea acanthocolla, originally described from Brazil, while the other, affiliated to the genus Kijanebalola, is proposed as new to science. Using a combination of differential interference contrast and scanning electron microscopy, fine anatomical details were observed and are here discussed in a larger taxonomic framework, especially regarding Kijanebalola devestivasp. n. Results have also provided reasons for a revision of the diagnostic traits of Kijanebalola, Neogossea and the whole Family Neogosseidae. Besides expanding awareness about the biodiversity hosted by South Africa’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site, our study will be beneficial to future phylogenetic studies of the Gastrotricha based on morphology, by allowing the selection and/or a more precise character coding of traits of phylogenetic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, 231/D, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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KÅNNEBY TOBIAS, TODARO MANTONIO, JONDELIUS ULF. Phylogeny of Chaetonotidae and other Paucitubulatina (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) and the colonization of aquatic ecosystems. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kieneke A, Ostmann A. Structure, function and evolution of somatic musculature in Dasydytidae (Paucitubulatina, Gastrotricha). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-012-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Todaro MA, Dal Zotto M, Jondelius U, Hochberg R, Hummon WD, Kånneby T, Rocha CEF. Gastrotricha: a marine sister for a freshwater puzzle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31740. [PMID: 22348127 PMCID: PMC3279426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within an evolutionary framework of Gastrotricha Marinellina flagellata and Redudasys fornerise bear special interest, as they are the only Macrodasyida that inhabit freshwater ecosystems. Notwithstanding, these rare animals are poorly known; found only once (Austria and Brazil), they are currently systematised as incertae sedis. Here we report on the rediscovery of Redudasys fornerise, provide an account on morphological novelties and present a hypothesis on its phylogenetic relationship based on molecular data. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Specimens were surveyed using DIC microscopy and SEM, and used to obtain the 18 S rRNA gene sequence; molecular data was analyzed cladistically in conjunction with data from 42 additional species belonging to the near complete Macrodasyida taxonomic spectrum. Morphological analysis, while providing new information on taxonomically relevant traits (adhesive tubes, protonephridia and sensorial bristles), failed to detect elements of the male system, thus stressing the parthenogenetic nature of the Brazilian species. Phylogenetic analysis, carried out with ML, MP and Bayesian approaches, yielded topologies with strong nodal support and highly congruent with each other. Among the supported groups is the previously undocumented clade showing the alliance between Redudasys fornerise and Dactylopodola agadasys; other strongly sustained clades include the densely sampled families Thaumastodermatidae and Turbanellidae and most genera. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A reconsideration of the morphological traits of Dactylopodola agadasys in light of the new information on Redudasys fornerise makes the alliance between these two taxa very likely. As a result, we create Anandrodasys gen. nov. to contain members of the previously described D. agadasys and erect Redudasyidae fam. nov. to reflect this novel relationship between Anandrodasys and Redudasys. From an ecological perspective, the derived position of Redudasys, which is deeply nested within the Macrodasyida clade, unequivocally demonstrates that invasion of freshwater by gastrotrichs has taken place at least twice, in contrast with the single event hypothesis recently put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Todaro MA, Guidi L, Ferraguti M, Balsamo M. A fresh look at Dinodasys mirabilis (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida), with focus on the reproductive apparatus and sperm ultrastructure. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-012-0147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A new species of Lepidodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from Panama with a description of its peptidergic nervous system using CLSM, anti-FMRFamide and anti-SCPB. ZOOL ANZ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Todaro MA, Kånneby T, Dal Zotto M, Jondelius U. Phylogeny of Thaumastodermatidae (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17892. [PMID: 21455302 PMCID: PMC3063787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phylogenetic relationships within Gastrotricha are poorly known. Attempts to shed light on this subject using morphological traits have led to hypotheses lacking satisfactory statistical support; it seemed therefore that a different approach was needed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this paper we attempt to elucidate the relationships within the taxonomically vast family Thaumastodermatidae (Macrodasyida) using molecular sequence data. The study includes representatives of all the extant genera of the family and for the first time uses a multi-gene approach to infer evolutionary liaisons within Gastrotricha. The final data set comprises sequences of three genes (18S, 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA) from 41 species, including 29 thaumastodermatids, 11 non-thaumastodermatid macrodasyidans and a single chaetonotidan. Molecular data was analyzed as a combined set of 3 genes and as individual genes, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Two different outgroups were used: Xenotrichula intermedia (Chaetonotida) and members of the putative basal Dactylopodola (Macrodasyida). Thaumastodermatidae and all other sampled macrodasyidan families were found monophyletic except for Cephalodasyidae. Within Thaumastodermatidae Diplodasyinae and Thaumastodermatinae are monophyletic and so are most genera. Oregodasys turns out to be the most basal group within Thaumastodermatinae in analyses of the concatenated data set as well as in analyses of the nuclear genes. Thaumastoderma appears as the sister taxon to the remaining species. Surprisingly, Tetranchyroderma is non-monophyletic in our analyses as one group of species clusters with Ptychostomella while another appears as the sister group of Pseudostomella. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Results in general agree with the current classification; however, a revision of the more derived thaumastodermatid taxa seems necessary. We also found that the ostensible COI sequences from several species do not conform to the general invertebrate or any other published mitochondrial genetic code; they may be mitochondrially derived nuclear genes (numts), or one or more modifications of the mitochondrial genetic code within Gastrotricha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Rothe BH, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Kieneke A. The nervous system of Neodasys chaetonotoideus (Gastrotricha: Neodasys) revealed by combining confocal laserscanning and transmission electron microscopy: evolutionary comparison of neuroanatomy within the Gastrotricha and basal Protostomia. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-011-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kieneke A, Hochberg R. Ultrastructural observations of the protonephridia of Polymerurus nodicaudus (Gastrotricha: Paucitubulatina). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Garraffoni ARS, Araujo TQ, Lourenço AP, Balsamo M. New data on freshwater psammic Gastrotricha from Brazil. Zookeys 2010:1-12. [PMID: 21594197 PMCID: PMC3088348 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.60.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of freshwater gastrotrich fauna from Brazil is underestimated as only two studies are available. The present communication is a taxonomic account of the first-ever survey of freshwater Gastrotricha in Minas Gerais State. Samplings were carried out yielding six species of three Chaetonotidae genera: Aspidiophorus cf. pleustonicus, Ichthydium cf. chaetiferum, Chaetonotus acanthocephalus, Chaetonotus heideri, Chaetonotus cf. succinctus, Chaetonotus sp., and also an undescribed species belonging to the genus Redudasys (incertae sedis): this is the first finding of specimens of Redudasys outside of original type locality. These preliminary observations suggest that the knowledge of the biodiversity of Gastrotricha in the Minas Gerais State, as well as in the whole Brazil, will certainly increase as further investigations are undertaken, and that freshwater Macrodasyida may be more common than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R S Garraffoni
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus II, Rodovia BR-367, CEP: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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Garraffoni AR, Araújo TQ. Chave de identificação de Gastrotricha de águas continentais e marinhas do Brasil. PAPÉIS AVULSOS DE ZOOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0031-10492010003300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Os Gastrotricha são microinvertebrados de vida livre, caracterizados por um estilo de vida meiobentônico em ambientes marinhos e de água doce. Apesar de este grupo ser abundante e ecologicamente importante nas teias alimentares, o seu conhecimento no Brasil é muito subestimado. Com este estudo, considerando a importância dos Gastrotricha nas comunidades bênticas intersticiais, esperamos ajudar e estimular novas pesquisas com este grupo no Brasil. Assim, esse trabalho fornece uma chave dicotômica para todas as espécies previamente reportadas em águas continentais brasileiras. Além disso, apresentamos informações sobre métodos de coleta, técnicas de preservação e de fotografias dos Gastrotricha. As terminologias, em português, das principais características morfológicas utilizadas para distinguir as espécies são apresentas na forma de um glossário.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Q. Araújo
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Goloboff PA, Catalano SA, Marcos Mirande J, Szumik CA, Salvador Arias J, Källersjö M, Farris JS. Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups. Cladistics 2009; 25:211-230. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kieneke A, Ahlrichs WH, Arbizu PM. Morphology and function of reproductive organs inNeodasys chaetonotoideus(Gastrotricha:Neodasys) with a phylogenetic assessment of the reproductive system in Gastrotricha. ZOOL SCR 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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