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Novaes LF, Flores JM, Benfante N, Schofield E, Katz DJ, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP. Analysis of diurnal variation in serum testosterone levels in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency. J Sex Med 2024; 21:408-413. [PMID: 38481019 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone (T) plays a crucial role in various physiological functions in men, and understanding the variations in T levels during the day is essential for diagnosing and treating testosterone deficiency (TD). AIM We sought to evaluate the reduction in serum total T (TT) levels throughout the day in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency and to determine the variables having an impact on the extent of this decline. METHODS The study population consisted of a group of men who within 3 months of each other had all undergone both early morning and afternoon TT level measurements. We did not include patients with a history of a prior orchiectomy, testosterone levels below 100 ng/dL or above 1000 ng/dL, a history of androgen deprivation therapy, or patients on T therapy. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlation calculations. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure TT, and a change in TT levels greater than 100 ng/dL was considered significant. Using multivariable and univariable analysis, we attempted to define predictors of a decrease in afternoon TT levels. OUTCOMES The majority of men showed no significant difference in T levels between morning and afternoon. RESULTS In total, 506 men with a median age of 65 years were analyzed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Levels of TT were measured in the morning and afternoon, and no significant differences in mean T levels based on the time of the test were found. Age was not significantly associated with T levels. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There was a weak negative correlation between age and the difference between morning and afternoon T levels, with younger men showing more significant variations in T levels. The most considerable differences in T levels were observed in men younger than 30 years. There were no predictors of the magnitude of the T decrease in the afternoon. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Strengths of the study include the number of subjects and the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for T measurement. Limitations include failure to measure morning and afternoon T levels on the same day, the retrospective nature of the study, and a smaller sample size of patients younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION In this study we found no strong link between age and daily T fluctuation, but we observed a decrease in the magnitude of variation with aging. The group experiencing the most significant decline in daily T had higher morning and consistently normal afternoon T levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Novaes
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Jose M Flores
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schofield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, United States
| | - Darren J Katz
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
| | - Chris J Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10017, United States
| | - John P Mulhall
- Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, NY 10022, United States
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Visanji M, Venegas-Pino DE, Werstuck GH. Understanding One Half of the Sex Difference Equation: The Modulatory Effects of Testosterone on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:551-561. [PMID: 38061627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent disease, primarily characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Significantly higher rates of myocardial dysfunction have been noted in individuals with diabetes, even in those without coronary artery disease or high blood pressure (hypertension). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been identified through which diabetes contributes to the pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which presents as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. At the cellular level, oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes are triggered by hyperglycemia. Although males are generally more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than females, diabetic males are less likely to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy than are diabetic females. One reason for these differences may be the higher levels of serum testosterone in males compared with females. Although testosterone appears to protect against cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and exacerbate hypertrophy, its role in inflammation and fibrosis is much less clear. Additional preclinical and clinical studies will be required to delineate testosterone's effect on the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika'il Visanji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Usselman CW, Lindsey ML, Robinson AT, Habecker BA, Taylor CE, Merryman WD, Kimmerly D, Bender JR, Regensteiner JG, Moreau KL, Pilote L, Wenner MM, O'Brien M, Yarovinsky TO, Stachenfeld NS, Charkoudian N, Denfeld QE, Moreira-Bouchard JD, Pyle WG, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H238-H255. [PMID: 37999647 PMCID: PMC11219057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular research, sex and gender have not typically been considered in research design and reporting until recently. This has resulted in clinical research findings from which not only all women, but also gender-diverse individuals have been excluded. The resulting dearth of data has led to a lack of sex- and gender-specific clinical guidelines and raises serious questions about evidence-based care. Basic research has also excluded considerations of sex. Including sex and/or gender as research variables not only has the potential to improve the health of society overall now, but it also provides a foundation of knowledge on which to build future advances. The goal of this guidelines article is to provide advice on best practices to include sex and gender considerations in study design, as well as data collection, analysis, and interpretation to optimally establish rigor and reproducibility needed to inform clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. In cardiovascular physiology, incorporating sex and gender is a necessary component when optimally designing and executing research plans. The guidelines serve as the first guidance on how to include sex and gender in cardiovascular research. We provide here a beginning path toward achieving this goal and improve the ability of the research community to interpret results through a sex and gender lens to enable comparison across studies and laboratories, resulting in better health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W Usselman
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Chloe E Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Derek Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Bender
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Louise Pilote
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Myles O'Brien
- School of Physiotherapy and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Quin E Denfeld
- School of Nursing and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jesse D Moreira-Bouchard
- Q.U.E.E.R. Lab, Programs in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Team Canada Network, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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4
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Çimen D. Testosterone Imprinted poly(HEMA‐MAA) Nanoparticles Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Detection of Testosterone. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Çimen
- Hacettepe University Department of Chemistry Beytepe Ankara Turkey
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5
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Kaleta M, Oklestkova J, Novák O, Strnad M. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Neuroactive Steroids. Biomolecules 2021; 11:553. [PMID: 33918915 PMCID: PMC8068886 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are a family of all steroid-based compounds, of both natural and synthetic origin, which can affect the nervous system functions. Their biosynthesis occurs directly in the nervous system (so-called neurosteroids) or in peripheral endocrine tissues (hormonal steroids). Steroid hormone levels may fluctuate due to physiological changes during life and various pathological conditions affecting individuals. A deeper understanding of neuroactive steroids' production, in addition to reliable monitoring of their levels in various biological matrices, may be useful in the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of some neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant methods currently available for analysis of neuroactive steroids, with an emphasis on immunoanalytical methods and gas, or liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (O.N.); (M.S.)
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Liang G, Song Y, Liu L, Zhou K, Tian J, Li J, Shi H, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zheng J, Yu X, Zhang S, Li Z, Liu X. Association of hypogonadism symptoms and serum hormones in aging males. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14013. [PMID: 33599350 DOI: 10.1111/and.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between hypogonadism symptoms and the levels of serum hormones are still in debate. To investigate the relationship between hypogonadism symptoms and serum hormones in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men, this community-based cross-sectional study was conducted based on a total of 965 ageing men. The ageing males' symptom (AMS) scale, International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaires and related variables were assessed. Blood tests for total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and luteinising hormone (LH) were performed. Serum level of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (Bio-T) was calculated. The mean age was 56.34 ± 8.85 years. Total AMS score was significantly associated with all five serum hormones (LH: p < 0.001; SHBG: p < 0.001; TT: p =.043; FT: p = 0.007; Bio-T: p < 0.001). We identified sexual and somatic symptoms were obviously related to five serum hormones, while psychological symptoms seemed to have no association with serum hormones. After adjusting for age and BMI, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that LH had positive correlations with total AMS score, somatic and sexual symptom score (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LH and SHBG had the strongest correlation hypogonadism and might be used as early predictors for symptomatic hypogonadism in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kechong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianxi Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junbiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Institute of Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Shanghai general Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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7
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Buenaluz‐Sedurante M, Co MIK, Dagang DJT, Bruno RG, Sarmiento AJN, Tee ML. Reference Intervals of Total Testosterone in Adult Filipino Men. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8877261. [PMID: 33312198 PMCID: PMC7719543 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8877261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reference range of total testosterone needs to be established locally as ethnic differences in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels may affect total testosterone levels. The aim of this study is to establish the reference intervals of total testosterone from healthy, young adult Filipino males. METHODS The study included 110 healthy, Filipino male volunteers aged 21-40, studying or working at the University of the Philippines Manila. Clinical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were obtained, and blood for total testosterone, SHBG, albumin, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and total cholesterol was collected. Free testosterone was calculated using Vermeulen's formula. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of subjects for total testosterone were used as the normative range for Filipino men. RESULTS The reference range of total testosterone is 7.33-53.01 nmol/L. CONCLUSION The present study derived reference ranges of total testosterone using data from apparently healthy, young adult men to support clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Buenaluz‐Sedurante
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Isaiah K. Co
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Daryl Jade T. Dagang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Racquel G. Bruno
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Annie Jane N. Sarmiento
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Michael L. Tee
- Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
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8
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is the formation of oncogenic fusion genes as a result of chromosomal translocations. Fusion genes are presumed to form before fusion RNA expression. However, studies have reported the presence of fusion RNAs in individuals who were negative for chromosomal translocations. These observations give rise to "the cart before the horse" hypothesis, in which the genesis of a fusion RNA precedes the fusion gene. The fusion RNA then guides the genomic rearrangements that ultimately result in a gene fusion. However, RNA-mediated genomic rearrangements in mammalian cells have never been demonstrated. Here we provide evidence that expression of a chimeric RNA drives formation of a specified gene fusion via genomic rearrangement in mammalian cells. The process is: (i) specified by the sequence of chimeric RNA involved, (ii) facilitated by physiological hormone levels, (iii) permissible regardless of intrachromosomal (TMPRSS2-ERG) or interchromosomal (TMPRSS2-ETV1) fusion, and (iv) can occur in normal cells before malignant transformation. We demonstrate that, contrary to "the cart before the horse" model, it is the antisense rather than sense chimeric RNAs that effectively drive gene fusion, and that this disparity can be explained by transcriptional conflict. Furthermore, we identified an endogenous RNA AZI1 that functions as the "initiator" RNA to induce TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. RNA-driven gene fusion demonstrated in this report provides important insight in early disease mechanisms, and could have fundamental implications in the biology of mammalian genome stability, as well as gene-editing technology via mechanisms native to mammalian cells.
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Hammar M, Larsson E, Bladh M, Finnström O, Gäddlin PO, Leijon I, Theodorsson E, Sydsjö G. A long-term follow-up study of men born with very low birth weight and their reproductive hormone profile. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:207-215. [DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1448901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Hammar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erika Larsson
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Bladh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Orvar Finnström
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - PO Gäddlin
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Leijon
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Kadhem AJ, Xiang S, Nagel S, Lin CH, Fidalgo de Cortalezzi M. Photonic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film for the Detection of Testosterone in Aqueous Samples. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040349. [PMID: 30966384 PMCID: PMC6415058 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of testosterone in aqueous solutions is a difficult task due to the low concentration levels that are relevant in environmental and physiological samples. Current analytical methods are expensive and/or complex. To address this issue, we fabricated a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) photonic film for the detection of testosterone in water. The films were obtained using colloidal crystals as templates for the pore morphology. Monodispersed silica particles with an average diameter 330 nm were used to obtain the colloidal crystal by vertical deposition. A solution of acrylic acid with testosterone as the imprinted template was infiltrated in the colloidal crystal and polymerized via bulk polymerization; the particles were then removed by acid etching and the testosterone eluted by a suitable solvent. The material was characterized by FTIR, swelling experiments and microscopy; MIPs were investigated by equilibrium rebinding, kinetics and reuse experiments. The results showed that the MIPs exhibited selectivity to the template, a 30-min equilibration time and stability after at least six cycles of use and regeneration. After incubation, the reflectance spectra of the films showed a shift of the Bragg diffraction peak that correlated with testosterone concentration in the 5–100 ppb range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas J Kadhem
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Shuting Xiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Susan Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Fanelli F, Baronio F, Ortolano R, Mezzullo M, Cassio A, Pagotto U, Balsamo A. Normative Basal Values of Hormones and Proteins of Gonadal and Adrenal Functions from Birth to Adulthood. Sex Dev 2018; 12:50-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000486840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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12
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Travison TG, Vesper HW, Orwoll E, Wu F, Kaufman JM, Wang Y, Lapauw B, Fiers T, Matsumoto AM, Bhasin S. Harmonized Reference Ranges for Circulating Testosterone Levels in Men of Four Cohort Studies in the United States and Europe. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1161-1173. [PMID: 28324103 PMCID: PMC5460736 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Reference ranges for testosterone are essential for making a diagnosis of hypogonadism in men. Objective To establish harmonized reference ranges for total testosterone in men that can be applied across laboratories by cross-calibrating assays to a reference method and standard. Population The 9054 community-dwelling men in cohort studies in the United States and Europe: Framingham Heart Study; European Male Aging Study; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; and Male Sibling Study of Osteoporosis. Methods Testosterone concentrations in 100 participants in each of the four cohorts were measured using a reference method at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Generalized additive models and Bland-Altman analyses supported the use of normalizing equations for transformation between cohort-specific and CDC values. Normalizing equations, generated using Passing-Bablok regression, were used to generate harmonized values, which were used to derive standardized, age-specific reference ranges. Results Harmonization procedure reduced intercohort variation between testosterone measurements in men of similar ages. In healthy nonobese men, 19 to 39 years, harmonized 2.5th, 5th, 50th, 95th, and 97.5th percentile values were 264, 303, 531, 852, and 916 ng/dL, respectively. Age-specific harmonized testosterone concentrations in nonobese men were similar across cohorts and greater than in all men. Conclusion Harmonized normal range in a healthy nonobese population of European and American men, 19 to 39 years, is 264 to 916 ng/dL. A substantial proportion of intercohort variation in testosterone levels is due to assay differences. These data demonstrate the feasibility of generating harmonized reference ranges for testosterone that can be applied to assays, which have been calibrated to a reference method and calibrator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert W. Vesper
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Frederick Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | | | - Tom Fiers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Alvin M. Matsumoto
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men’s Health, Aging, and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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13
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Nakata D, Nakayama K, Masaki T, Tanaka A, Kusaka M, Watanabe T. Growth Inhibition by Testosterone in an Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-Driven Prostate Cancer Model. Prostate 2016; 76:1536-1545. [PMID: 27473672 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration resistance creates a significant problem in the treatment of prostate cancer. Constitutively active splice variants of androgen receptor (AR) have emerged as drivers for resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, including the next-generation androgen-AR axis inhibitors abiraterone and enzalutamide. In this study, we describe the characteristics of a novel castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) model, designated JDCaP-hr (hormone refractory). METHODS JDCaP-hr was established from an androgen-dependent JDCaP xenograft model after surgical castration. The expression of AR and its splice variants in JDCaP-hr was evaluated by immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effects of AR antagonists and testosterone on JDCaP-hr were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The roles of full-length AR (AR-FL) and AR-V7 in JDCaP-hr cell growth were evaluated using RNA interference. RESULTS JDCaP-hr acquired a C-terminally truncated AR protein during progression from the parental JDCaP. The expression of AR-FL and AR-V7 mRNA was upregulated by 10-fold in JDCaP-hr compared with that in JDCaP, indicating that the JDCaP and JDCaP-hr models simulate castration resistance with some clinical features, such as overexpression of AR and its splice variants. The AR antagonist bicalutamide did not affect JDCaP-hr xenograft growth, and importantly, testosterone induced tumor regression. In vitro analysis demonstrated that androgen-independent prostate-specific antigen secretion and cell proliferation of JDCaP-hr were predominantly mediated by AR-V7. JDCaP-hr cell growth displayed a bell-shaped dependence on testosterone, and it was suppressed by physiological concentrations of testosterone. Testosterone induced rapid downregulation of both AR-FL and AR-V7 expression at physiological concentrations and suppressed expression of the AR target gene KLK3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the clinical value of testosterone therapy, including bipolar androgen therapy, in the treatment of AR-overexpressed CRPC driven by AR splice variants that are not clinically actionable at present. Prostate 76:1536-1545, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Masaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masami Kusaka
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Watanabe
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Liu Z, Liu J, Shi X, Wang L, Yang Y, Tao M, Fu Q. Comparing calculated free testosterone with total testosterone for screening and diagnosing late-onset hypogonadism in aged males: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 31. [PMID: 27714896 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare calculated free testosterone (cFT) and total testosterone (T) in predicting late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in middle-aged and elderly males. METHODS We surveyed a random sample of 608 males between the ages of 45 and 87 years from Shanghai, China. The Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire and the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire were completed by the subjects. Testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), albumin, and other blood biochemical indexes were measured in 332 males. The corresponding cFT was obtained using the Vermeulen formula and the correlations between T and cFT were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. RESULTS Among the 332 males who underwent biochemical evaluation, 289 males (87.0%) was positively screened by the ADAM questionnaire and 232 males (69.9%) by the AMS questionnaire. As suggested by linear regression, cFT exhibited a negative correlation with age in both ADAM+ and AMS+ group, whereas T did not appear to have significant correlation with age. Besides, there were statistically significant differences in cFT (P<.001) in the AMS questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Calculated free testosterone levels are more reliable than T levels for diagnosing LOH in middle-aged and elderly males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshun Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfang Tao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Liu Z, Liu J, Shi X, Wang L, Yang Y, Tao M. Dynamic alteration of serum testosterone with aging: a cross-sectional study from Shanghai, China. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:111. [PMID: 26419465 PMCID: PMC4589118 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Level of the testosterone in a man's life span is very important. Studies on the serum testosterone concentrations in different age groups of healthy men were controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes of serum reproductive hormones with aging in healthy Chinese male and to compare its correlation with age. METHODS Total of 1,093 healthy Chinese men from Shanghai aged from 20 to 87 years old was enrolled in the study. Concentrations of serum total testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified by EIA. Testosterone secretion index (TSI) and free testosterone index (FTI) were then calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS program. Non-parametric tests and univariate linear regression analyses were used. RESULTS The 1,039 male participants were grouped into 12 groups by 5-year apart for each group. Significant differences in T, LH, SHBG, FTI and TSI were found between the 12 different age groups. Average of serum total T was 15.36 ± 4.86 nmol/L; LH was 4.76 ± 2.76 IU/L, SHBG was 32.61 ± 17.24 nmol/L. Compared to age 20 ~ 24 group, serum T level of age 35 ~ 39, 40 ~ 44, 45 ~ 49, 50 ~ 54, and 55 ~ 59 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Intriguingly, however, serum T level of age 60 or older did not significantly reduced compared to the age of 20 ~ 24 group. Serum LH and SHBG were positively correlated with aging (p <0.01), while TSI and FTI were negatively correlated with aging (p <0.01). In addition, BMI was negatively and significantly correlated with levels of T (r = -0.585, p < 0.001), LH (r = -0.090, p < 0.001), SHBG (r = - 1.817, p < 0.001), and TSI (r = - 0.104, p < 0.001), but positively and significantly correlated with FTI level (r = 0.011, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Serum total testosterone fluctuated with aging in adult men, and FTI and TSI decreased gradually with aging. While age was not significantly correlated with T level, BMI was significantly and negatively correlated with T level, suggesting body weight may affect testosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshun Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Minfang Tao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Kelsey TW, Li LQ, Mitchell RT, Whelan A, Anderson RA, Wallace WHB. A validated age-related normative model for male total testosterone shows increasing variance but no decline after age 40 years. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109346. [PMID: 25295520 PMCID: PMC4190174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of hypogonadism in human males includes identification of low serum testosterone levels, and hence there is an underlying assumption that normal ranges of testosterone for the healthy population are known for all ages. However, to our knowledge, no such reference model exists in the literature, and hence the availability of an applicable biochemical reference range would be helpful for the clinical assessment of hypogonadal men. In this study, using model selection and validation analysis of data identified and extracted from thirteen studies, we derive and validate a normative model of total testosterone across the lifespan in healthy men. We show that total testosterone peaks [mean (2.5-97.5 percentile)] at 15.4 (7.2-31.1) nmol/L at an average age of 19 years, and falls in the average case [mean (2.5-97.5 percentile)] to 13.0 (6.6-25.3) nmol/L by age 40 years, but we find no evidence for a further fall in mean total testosterone with increasing age through to old age. However we do show that there is an increased variation in total testosterone levels with advancing age after age 40 years. This model provides the age related reference ranges needed to support research and clinical decision making in males who have symptoms that may be due to hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Kelsey
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Q. Li
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rod T. Mitchell
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Whelan
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - W. Hamish B. Wallace
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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17
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Welliver RC, Wiser HJ, Brannigan RE, Feia K, Monga M, Köhler TS. Validity of Midday Total Testosterone Levels in Older Men with Erectile Dysfunction. J Urol 2014; 192:165-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Charles Welliver
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | | | - Robert E. Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kendall Feia
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine and Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Manoj Monga
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tobias S. Köhler
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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18
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Bhasin S, Pencina M, Jasuja GK, Travison TG, Coviello A, Orwoll E, Wang PY, Nielson C, Wu F, Tajar A, Labrie F, Vesper H, Zhang A, Ulloor J, Singh R, D'Agostino R, Vasan RS. Reference ranges for testosterone in men generated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in a community-based sample of healthy nonobese young men in the Framingham Heart Study and applied to three geographically distinct cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2430-9. [PMID: 21697255 PMCID: PMC3146796 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reference ranges are essential for partitioning testosterone levels into low or normal and making the diagnosis of androgen deficiency. We established reference ranges for total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) in a community-based sample of men. METHODS TT was measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in nonobese healthy men, 19-40 yr old, in the Framingham Heart Study Generation 3; FT was calculated. Values below the 2.5th percentile of reference sample were deemed low. We determined the association of low TT and FT with physical dysfunction, sexual symptoms [European Male Aging Study (EMAS) only], and diabetes mellitus in three cohorts: Framingham Heart Study generations 2 and 3, EMAS, and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. RESULTS In a reference sample of 456 men, mean (sd), median (quartile), and 2.5th percentile values were 723.8 (221.1), 698.7 (296.5), and 348.3 ng/dl for TT and 141. 8 (45.0), 134.0 (60.0), and 70.0 pg/ml for FT, respectively. In all three samples, men with low TT and FT were more likely to have slow walking speed, difficulty climbing stairs, or frailty and diabetes than those with normal levels. In EMAS, men with low TT and FT were more likely to report sexual symptoms than men with normal levels. Men with low TT and FT were more likely to have at least one of the following: sexual symptoms (EMAS only), physical dysfunction, or diabetes. CONCLUSION Reference ranges generated in a community-based sample of men provide a rational basis for categorizing testosterone levels as low or normal. Men with low TT or FT by these criteria had higher prevalence of physical dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and diabetes. These reference limits should be validated prospectively in relation to incident outcomes and in randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalender Bhasin
- Sections of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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The influence of age on bioavailable and free testosterone is independent of body mass index and glucose levels. World J Urol 2011; 29:541-6. [PMID: 21739121 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of age on serum levels of total testosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), free testosterone (FT), and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), considering the presence of fasting blood glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) in a selected male population. METHODS A total of 428 men were analyzed. Anthropometry was taken from all, considering BMI as general obesity indicative variable. Fasting blood samples were drawn for determination of plasma glucose levels and serum levels of albumin, TT, and SHBG. The values of BT and FT were calculated from TT, SHBG, and albumin, by Vermeulen's equation. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Age was negatively correlated to BT (r = -0.301; P < 0.001) and FT (r = -0.273; P < 0.001), but not to TT levels (r = 0.002, P = 0.974). Age was positively correlated to SHBG (r = 0.376; P < 0.001). Age was independently associated with the occurrence of high SHBG levels (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001) and of low BT (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02-1.07, P < 0.001) and FT levels (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.03-1.08, P < 0.001), but not with low levels of TT (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Age was significantly associated to high levels of SHBG and to low levels of BT and FT, without significant association to TT. This pattern was independent of BMI and glucose levels.
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20
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Cioe PA, Friedmann PD, Stein MD. Erectile dysfunction in opioid users: lack of association with serum testosterone. J Addict Dis 2011; 29:455-60. [PMID: 20924881 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2010.509279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among 57 men using illicit opioids who presented to a primary care program for buprenorphine therapy. Participants' mean age was 40 years and 34% reported ED. Low total testosterone was detected in 17% of those reporting ED, but total testosterone was not significantly associated with ED. Examining multiple comorbidities and laboratory parameters, only older age was significantly associated with ED (r = .27, P< .05). ED is highly prevalent among men abusing opioids, but low total testosterone is rarely the cause.
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21
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Hellstrom WJG, Paduch D, Donatucci CF. Importance of hypogonadism and testosterone replacement therapy in current urologic practice: a review. Int Urol Nephrol 2010; 44:61-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-010-9879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Fowler PA, Bhattacharya S, Gromoll J, Monteiro A, O'Shaughnessy PJ. Maternal smoking and developmental changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) and the LH receptor in the fetal testis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4688-95. [PMID: 19837924 PMCID: PMC2848822 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The LH receptor (LHCGR) drives fetal testosterone secretion, which is vital for human masculinization. Maternal smoking is associated with defective masculinization, but the relationship between smoking, tropic hormones, testosterone, and functional LHCGR expression is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate developmental changes in fetal gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and expression of fetal testicular LHCGR isoforms and the effects of maternal cigarette smoking. DESIGN We conducted an observational study of the male fetus, comparing pregnancies in which the mothers did or did not smoke. SETTING The study was conducted at the Universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Testes and blood were collected from 54 morphologically normal human male fetuses of women undergoing elective termination of normal second-trimester pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured circulating testosterone, hCG, LH, prolactin, FSH, and testicular LHCGR isoform expression. RESULTS Fetal testosterone and hCG, but not LH, significantly declined between 11 and 19 wk gestation with no significant change in testicular responsiveness. The proportion of nonfunctional LHCGR transcript in fetal testes was 2.3-fold lower than in adults. Fetal hCG was reduced 38% (P = 0.021) and the ratio of inactive vs. active LHCGR isoforms lowered by smoking. CONCLUSIONS Falling second-trimester fetal testosterone is probably due to declining maternal hCG because Leydig cell LH/hCG responsiveness remains constant. Although maternal cigarette smoking reduces fetal hCG, the ratio of inactive LHCGR isoforms is reduced and gonadotropin drive maintains testosterone production near control levels. The lower relative abundance of inactive isoforms compared with the adult testis reflects the importance of LHCGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Fowler
- Division of Applied Medicine, Centre for Reproductive Endocrinology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas'Hospital, London, SEI 7EH, UK, Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK
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Andersson AM, Jensen TK, Juul A, Petersen JH, Jørgensen T, Skakkebaek NE. Secular decline in male testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin serum levels in Danish population surveys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4696-705. [PMID: 17895324 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adverse secular trends in male reproductive health have been reported to be reflected in increased testicular cancer risk and decreased semen quality in more recently born men. These secular trends may also be reflected by changes in Leydig cell function. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine whether an age-independent time trend in male serum testosterone levels exists. DESIGN AND SETTING Testosterone and SHBG were analyzed in 5350 male serum samples from four large Danish population surveys conducted in 1982-1983, 1986-1987, 1991-1992, and 1999-2001. Free testosterone levels were calculated. The effects of age, year of birth, and time period on hormone levels were estimated in a general linear statistical model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Testosterone, SHBG, and calculated free testosterone levels in Danish men in relation to age, study period, and year of birth were measured. RESULTS Serum testosterone levels decreased and SHBG levels increased with increasing age. In addition to this expected age effect, significant secular trends in testosterone and SHBG serum levels were observed in age-matched men with lower levels in the more recently born/studied men. No significant age-independent effect was observed for free testosterone. Adjustment for a concurrent secular increase in body mass index reduced the observed cohort/period-related changes in testosterone, which no longer were significant. The observed cohort/period-related changes in SHBG levels remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The observed age-independent changes in SHBG and testosterone may be explained by an initial change in SHBG levels, which subsequently lead to adjustment of testosterone at a lower level to sustain free testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Sect. GR 5064, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Crawford ED, Barqawi AB, O'Donnell C, Morgentaler A. The association of time of day and serum testosterone concentration in a large screening population. BJU Int 2007; 100:509-13. [PMID: 17555474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess testosterone patterns during clinical hours in a large population of men participating in a national screening programme for prostate cancer, as the effect of time of day on serum testosterone concentration is unclear and largely reported in small studies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Testosterone levels were measured in 3006 men attending the national Prostate Cancer Awareness Week screening programme. Blood samples were obtained between 06.00 and 18.00 hours, whenever men presented for screening. All men completed questionnaires on age, comorbidities, height and weight. Testosterone levels were compared based on four periods, i.e. T1, 06.00-10.00 (632 men), T2, 10.00-12.00 (812), T3, 12.00-14.00 (388), and T4, 14.00-18.00 hours (1174). RESULTS The mean (sd, range) age of the men was 60.3 (9.9, 40-94) years and the mean (sd) testosterone level was 415.2 (190.9) ng/dL. There was no change in mean (sd) testosterone levels over T1, T2 and T3, at 444.9 (206.2), 433.5 (195.8) and 434.4 (181.2) ng/dL, respectively, but levels at T4, at 380.4 (176.4) ng/dL, were lower by approximately 13% (P < 0.05). Advancing age, diabetes and obesity were associated with lower testosterone levels. The percentage of men with biochemical hypogonadism (<300 ng/dL) did not change across all four periods. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone levels in older men are stable throughout the morning and early afternoon, declining only modestly thereafter. Further case-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E David Crawford
- Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Section of Urologic Oncology, UCHSC, Aurora, CO, USA
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26
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Kratzik CW, Schatzl G, Lackner JE, Lunglmayr G, Brandstätter N, Rücklinger E, Huber J. Mood changes, body mass index and bioavailable testosterone in healthy men: results of the Androx Vienna Municipality Study. BJU Int 2007; 100:614-8. [PMID: 17550413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether sex hormones alone or in combination with body mass index (BMI) influence mood in men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood samples were taken from 669 manual workers (aged 43-67 years) to measure sex hormone levels, in particular bioavailable testosterone (BAT). At the same time BMI was calculated. All participants completed the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) for the evaluation of depression. Then BMI and BAT were correlated to the BDI scores, to determine a possible interaction. RESULTS There was a quadratic main effect for BAT on the BDI scores, i.e. an increased risk of depression with an odds ratio of 1.871 (P = 0.029) for hypo- and hypergonadal men. Also, there was an interaction between BAT and BMI, which was mainly detected in underweight and obese men. This U-shaped effect for underweight and obese men was not detected in men with a 'normal' weight, who had a significantly linear decrease in the risk of depression by changing from the hypogonadal to the eugonadal subgroup, as well as for changing from the eugonadal to the hypergonadal subgroup, with a mean odds ratio of 0.513 (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Depression depends on BAT and BMI; in men of normal weight, an increase in BAT reduces the risk of depression, which is not the case in underweight and obese men. Consequently eugonadal men with normal testosterone levels have the lowest risk of depression.
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Eskelinen S, Vahlberg T, Isoaho R, Kivelä SL, Irjala K. Biochemical reference intervals for sex hormones with a new AutoDelfia method in aged men. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:249-53. [PMID: 17311517 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to establish sex hormone reference intervals measured with a new AutoDelfia immunoassay method for aged men free of medication and/or conditions known to influence sex hormone levels. METHODS The reference population consisted of 466 individuals between 64 and 97 years (mean 72 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.9 kg/m(2). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Because age correlated significantly with most sex hormones studied, we calculated reference intervals for three age groups (64-69, 70-74 and > or =75 years). In clinical practice, single ranges can be used for men aged 64 years or over for testosterone, estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with the AutoDelfia method. For free testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), separate reference intervals should be used for men aged 64-74 years and those aged 75 years or over. For sex hormone-binding globulin, two separate reference intervals by age (64-69 and > or =70 years) are also needed for aged men. LH and FSH reference ranges should be judged with caution, because they may be too high due to cases of subclinical hypogonadism included in the reference population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seija Eskelinen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland and Pori Health Center, Pori, Finland.
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Wunder DM, Bersinger NA, Fux CA, Mueller NJ, Hirschel B, Cavassini M, Elzi L, Schmid P, Bernasconi E, Mueller B, Furrer H. Hypogonadism in HIV-1-Infected Men is common and does not resolve during antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350701200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of abnormal testosterone and gonadotropin values in HIV-infected men before and after 2 years of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Design Multicentre cohort of HIV-infected adults. Methods We identified 139 Caucasian antiretroviral-naive male patients who started zidovudine/ lamivudine-based cART that was virologically successful over a 2 year period. Ninety-seven were randomly chosen and plasma hormone determinations of free testosterone (fT) and luteinizing hormone (LH) at baseline and after 2 years of cART were evaluated. Results At baseline 68 patients (70%) had subnormal fT levels. In these, LH levels were low in 44%, normal in 47% and high in 9%. There was a trend for an association between lower CD4+ T-cell counts and hypogonadism. Most participants had normal FSH levels. No significant changes of fT, LH and FSH levels were observed after 2 years of cART. Conclusions Low fT levels, mainly with normal or low LH levels and thus indicating secondary hypogonadism, are found in the majority of HIV-infected men and do not resolve during 2 years of successful cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea M Wunder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Nick A Bersinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Fux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Mueller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Hirschel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Infectious Diseases Services, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigia Elzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schmid
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St Gall, St Gall, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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