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Saint F, Huyghe E, Methorst C, Priam A, Seizilles de Mazancourt E, Bruyère F, Faix A. [Infections and male infertility]. Prog Urol 2023; 33:636-652. [PMID: 38012909 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of urogenital infections in male infertility has long been the subject of debate. METHODS A bibliographic search limited to English-language literature on human subjects published before 5/2023 resulted in the selection of 189 articles. RESULTS Male infertility is often of multifactorial aetiology, and to optimise the prognosis it is important to manage all the factors that can be corrected, including infectious causes, which represent one of the most frequent aetiologies. The infectious agents involved in urogenital infections are most often bacterial or viral, and more rarely parasitic. They can infect the seminal tract, male accessory glands and/or testicles, and usually result in inflammation and increased oxidative stress. These infections reduce male fertility, in particular by altering spermogram parameters and increasing sperm DNA fragmentation. For these reasons, the search for a urogenital infection should be systematic, involving a careful history and clinical examination, ultrasound and systematic bacteriological tests guided by clinical findings. Aetiological treatment may be proposed depending on the picture and the germ involved. CONCLUSION This review should help the urologist to establish an accurate diagnosis of the form and extent of the infection, and enable him to define an appropriate therapeutic strategy, tailored to the patient, in order to obtain the best chances of improving male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Saint
- Service d'urologie-transplantation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France; Laboratoire EPROAD EA 4669, université Picardie Jules-Verne, Amiens, France
| | - E Huyghe
- Département d'urologie, hôpital de Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; UMR DEFE, Inserm 1203, université de Toulouse, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Methorst
- Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital des 4 villes, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - A Priam
- Service d'urologie-transplantation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | - F Bruyère
- Urologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Faix
- Clinique Saint-Roch, 560, avenue du Colonel-Pavelet-dit-Villars, 34000 Montpellier, France
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2
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Zhang JL, Lv M, Yang CF, Zhu YX, Li CJ. Mevalonate pathway and male reproductive aging. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:774-781. [PMID: 37733694 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Male fertility declines with age. The mevalonate pathway, through which cholesterol and nonsteroidal isoprenoids are synthesized, plays key role in metabolic processes and is an essential pathway for cholesterol production and protein prenylation. Male reproductive aging is accompanied by dramatic changes in the metabolic microenvironment of the testis. Since the mevalonate pathway has an important role in spermatogenesis, we attempted to explore the association between male reproductive aging and the mevalonate pathway to explain the mechanism of male reproductive aging. Alterations in the mevalonate pathway may affect male reproductive aging by decreasing cholesterol synthesis and altering testis protein prenylation. Decreased cholesterol levels affect cholesterol modification, testosterone production, and remodeling of germ cell membranes. Aging-related metabolic disorders also affect the metabolic coupling between somatic cells and spermatogenic cells, leading to male fertility decline. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations in the mevalonate pathway represent one of the metabolic causes of reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Xi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Das S, Roychoudhury S, Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Role of Infection and Leukocytes in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:115-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Xu J, He L, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Su Y, Fang Y, Peng M, Fan Z, Liu C, Zhao K, Zhang H. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Male Reproduction: Relationship, Explanations, and Clinical Remedies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651408. [PMID: 33935803 PMCID: PMC8079781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been an ongoing pandemic and worldwide public health emergency, having drawn a lot of attention around the world. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is characterized by infecting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells, including testis-specific cells, namely, Leydig, Sertoli, and spermatogenic cells, which are closely related to male reproduction. This leads to aberrant hyperactivation of the immune system generating damage to the infected organs. An impairment in testicular function through uncontrolled immune responses alerts more attention to male infertility. Meanwhile, the recent clinical data indicate that the infection of the human testis with SARS-CoV-2 may impair male germ cell development, leading to germ cell loss and higher immune cell infiltration. In this review, we investigated the evidence of male reproductive dysfunction associated with the infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its possible immunological explanations and clinical remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liting He
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufang Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunpan Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a carefully orchestrated male germ cell differentiation process by which spermatogonia differentiate to spermatozoa in the testis. A highly organized testicular microenvironment is therefore necessary to support spermatogenesis. Regarding immunologic aspects, the testis adapts a specialized immune environment for the protection of male germ cells and testicular functions. The mammalian testis possesses two immunologic features: (1) it is an immunoprivileged organ where immunogenic germ cells do not induce deleterious immune responses under physiologic conditions; and (2) it creates its own effective innate defense system against microbial infection. Various pathologic conditions may disrupt testicular immune homeostasis, thereby resulting in a detrimental immune response and perturbing testicular functions, one of the etiologic factors of male infertility. Understanding the mechanisms underlying immunoregulation in the testis can aid in establishing strategies for the prevention and therapy of immunologic testicular dysfunction and male infertility. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms underlying immune privilege, local innate immunity, and immunologic diseases of the testis.
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6
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Wang F, Chen R, Jiang Q, Wu H, Gong M, Liu W, Yu X, Zhang W, Han R, Liu A, Chen Y, Han D. Roles of Sialic Acid, AXL, and MER Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Mumps Virus Infection of Mouse Sertoli and Leydig Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1292. [PMID: 32695074 PMCID: PMC7336603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mumps virus (MuV) causes epidemic parotitis. MuV also frequently infects the testis and induces orchitis, an important etiological factor contributing to male infertility. However, mechanisms underlying MuV infection of the testis remain unknown. Here, we describe that sialic acid, AXL, and MER receptor tyrosine kinases regulate MuV entry and replication in mouse major testicular cells, including Sertoli and Leydig cells. Sialic acid, AXL, and MER were present in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Sialic acid specifically mediated MuV entry into Sertoli and Leydig cells, whereas both AXL and MER facilitated MuV replication within cells through the inhibition of cellular innate antiviral responses. Mechanistically, the inhibition of type 1 interferon signaling by AXL and MER is essential for MuV replication in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms behind MuV infection and replication in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijie Liu
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Peking Union Medical College, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Bahadur G, Acharya S, Muneer A, Huirne J, Łukaszuk M, Doreski PA, Homburg R. SARS-CoV-2: diagnostic and design conundrums in the context of male factor infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:365-369. [PMID: 32565229 PMCID: PMC7267791 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2], leading to the COVID-19 infection) can be harboured in the testes and/or semen is currently unanswered. It is essential to understand the limitations of both antibody and real-time PCR tests in interpreting SARS-CoV-2 data in relation to analyses of semen and testicular tissue without appropriate controls. This article critically analyses the evidence so far on this, and the possible implications. The limitations of diagnostic tests in both sampling and testing methodologies, their validation and their relevance in interpreting data are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Bahadur
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK; Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Santanu Acharya
- Ayrshire Fertility Unit, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, Scotland
| | - Asif Muneer
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Judith Huirne
- University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Location VUmc and AMC, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roy Homburg
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
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8
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Wu H, Jiang X, Gao Y, Liu W, Wang F, Gong M, Chen R, Yu X, Zhang W, Gao B, Song C, Han D. Mumps virus infection disrupts blood-testis barrier through the induction of TNF-α in Sertoli cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:12528-12540. [PMID: 31450968 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901089r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) has high tropism to the testis and may lead to male infertility. Sertoli cells are the major targets of MuV infection. However, the mechanisms by which MuV infection impairs male fertility and Sertoli cell function remain unclear. The present study elucidated the effect of MuV infection on the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The transepithelial electrical resistance of MuV-infected mouse Sertoli cells was monitored, and the expression of major proteins of the BTB was examined. We demonstrated that MuV infection disrupted the BTB by reducing the levels of occludin and zonula occludens 1. Sertoli cells derived from Tlr2-/- and Tnfa-/- mice were analyzed for mediating MuV-induced impairment. TLR2-mediated TNF-α production by Sertoli cells in response to MuV infection impaired BTB integrity. MuV-impaired BTB was not observed in Tlr2-/- and Tnfa-/- Sertoli cells. Moreover, an inhibitor of TNF-α, pomalidomide, prevents the disruption of BTB in response to MuV infection. FITC-labeled biotin tracing assay confirmed that BTB permeability and spermatogenesis were transiently impaired by MuV infection in vivo. These findings suggest that the disruption of the BTB could be one of the mechanisms underlying MuV-impaired male fertility, in which TNF-α could play a critical role.-Wu, H., Jiang, X., Gao, Y., Liu, W., Wang, F., Gong, M., Chen, R., Yu, X., Zhang, W., Gao, B., Song, C., Han, D. Mumps virus infection disrupts blood-testis barrier through the induction of TNF-α in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Mobilome and Genome, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxiao Gao
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Mobilome and Genome, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Mobilome and Genome, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Dasari R, Misra S. Zoledronic acid induces cytogenetic toxicity in male germline cells of Swiss albino mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:371-377. [PMID: 29648483 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1455205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly focuses on the cytogenetic toxicity induction by zoledronic acid (ZA), a nitrogen containing bisphosphonate (N-BPs) in the male germline cells of Swiss albino mice. A single intraperitoneal exposure with three different doses of ZA (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg body weight), toxicity was assessed by analyzing spermatogonial metaphase chromosome aberrations at 24 h, aberrant primary spermatocytes at week 4, and abnormal spermatozoa at week 8 posttreatment. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) and 0.9% NaCl were used as positive and vehicle controls respectively in the study. The results showed that there was a significant induction in the number of chromosomal aberrations especially at two doses of ZA (4 and 8 mg/kg) after 24 h in the spermatogonial cells (p < 0.001) compared to vehicle control. The transmission genetic damages were noticed as aberrant spermatocytes with atypical bivalents (X-Y/autosomal asynapsis) at 4 mg/kg of ZA (p < 0.01) and at 8 mg/kg of ZA (p < 0.001) at week 4 posttreatment. A statistically significant higher number of abnormal spermatozoa (sperm) were also noticed at week 8 posttreatment of both at 4 and 8 mg/kg of ZA (p < 0.001). Hence, from these genotoxicity studies, it can be concluded that ZA is genotoxic in male germline cells and has the potential of transmitting the genotoxic effects from spermatogonial cells to sperm in male Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Dasari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Habsiguda , Hyderabad , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , India
| | - Sunil Misra
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Habsiguda , Hyderabad , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , India
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10
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Abstract
Although the incidence of mumps orchitis has dramatically declined since the introduction of the childhood vaccination programme, a sharp increase in reported cases of both mumps and mumps orchitis has been seen recently in the UK. There are great concerns about mumps outbreaks and the associated risk of infertility; it remains an important clinical condition. Immunization is the best policy to avoid this viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masarani
- Department of Urology, Imperial College of London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK.
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11
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Morales Berrocal M, Echavarría-Sánchez M, Villeda Gabriel G. Microorganimos patógenos productores de alteraciones seminales relacionadas con infertilidad. PERINATOLOGÍA Y REPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rprh.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Low testosterone levels are frequently observed among men with treated and untreated HIV infection. However, the interpretations of biochemical measurements of testicular function are challenging and need to be considered in the context of the clinical presentation and scenario. The distinction between primary and secondary hypogonadism and determination of the underlying clinical pathophysiology are not always straightforward. Early recognition of clinical hypogonadism and appropriate treatment may improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals. A principal aim of testosterone replacement is to maintain serum testosterone concentrations in the normal physiological range and should be considered in clinically symptomatic patients.
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13
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Wu H, Zhao X, Wang F, Jiang Q, Shi L, Gong M, Liu W, Gao B, Song C, Li Q, Chen Y, Han D. Mouse Testicular Cell Type-Specific Antiviral Response against Mumps Virus Replication. Front Immunol 2017; 8:117. [PMID: 28239382 PMCID: PMC5300993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection has high tropism to the testis and usually leads to orchitis, an etiological factor in male infertility. However, MuV replication in testicular cells and the cellular antiviral responses against MuV are not fully understood. The present study showed that MuV infected the majority of testicular cells, including Leydig cells (LC), testicular macrophages, Sertoli cells (SC), and male germ cells (GC). MuV was replicated at relatively high efficiencies in SC compared with LC and testicular macrophages. In contrast, MuV did not replicate in male GC. Notably, testicular cells exhibited different innate antiviral responses against MuV replication. We showed that interferon β (IFN-β) inhibited MuV replication in LC, macrophages, and SC, which were associated with the upregulation of major antiviral proteins. We provided primary evidence that autophagy plays a role in blocking MuV replication in male GC. Autophagy was also involved in limiting MuV replication in testicular macrophages but not in Leydig and SC. These findings indicate the involvement of the innate defense against MuV replication in testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Maolei Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Chengyi Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Kunming , China
| | - Yongmei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Daishu Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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14
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Chen Q, Deng T, Han D. Testicular immunoregulation and spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Yung CF, Ramsay M. Estimating true hospital morbidity of complications associated with mumps outbreak, England, 2004/05. Euro Surveill 2016; 21:30320. [PMID: 27562958 PMCID: PMC4998425 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.33.30320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations continue to be reported globally. Therefore, quantifying the burden of mumps morbidity accurately will be necessary to better assess the impact of mumps vaccination programmes. We aim to estimate the true morbidity resulting from mumps complications in terms of hospitalised orchitis, meningitis, oophoritis and pancreatitis in England during the outbreak in 2004/05. This outbreak in England led to a clear increase in hospitalisations coded to mumps for complications of orchitis in those born in the 1970s and 1980s and possibly for meningitis in those born in the 1980s. A simple statistical model, based on analysing time trends for diagnosed complications in hospital databases with routine laboratory surveillance data, found that the actual morbidity was much higher. There were 2.5 times (166 cases) more mumps orchitis cases in the 1970s cohort and 2.0 times (708 cases) more mumps orchitis cases in the 1980s cohort than complications coded to mumps in hospital databases. Our study demonstrated that the mumps outbreak in England 2004/05 resulted in a substantial increase in hospitalised mumps complications, and the model we used can improve the ascertainment of morbidity from a mumps outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- CF Yung
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - M Ramsay
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Mumps virus-induced innate immune responses in mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19507. [PMID: 26776505 PMCID: PMC4725973 DOI: 10.1038/srep19507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) infection frequently causes orchitis and impairs male fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying the innate immune responses to MuV infection in the testis have yet to be investigated. This study showed that MuV induced innate immune responses in mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells through TLR2 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling, which result in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, CXCL10, and type 1 interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). By contrast, MuV did not induce the cytokine production in male germ cells. In response to MuV infection, Sertoli cells produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines but lower levels of type 1 IFNs than Leydig cells did. The MuV-induced cytokine production by Sertoli and Leydig cells was significantly reduced by the knockout of TLR2 or the knockdown of RIG-I signaling. The local injection of MuV into the testis triggered the testicular innate immune responses in vivo. Moreover, MuV infection suppressed testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells. This is the first study examining the innate immune responses to MuV infection in testicular cells. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the MuV-induced innate immune responses in the testis.
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Protein prenylation and human diseases: a balance of protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:328-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of infectious and inflammatory conditions associated with male infertility. These conditions may affect several components of the male reproductive tract and therefore have the ability to potentially alter sperm function. The effect of these conditions on male fertility is poorly understood and often underestimated.
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Tae BS, Ham BK, Kim JH, Park JY, Bae JH. Clinical features of mumps orchitis in vaccinated postpubertal males: a single-center series of 62 patients. Korean J Urol 2012; 53:865-9. [PMID: 23301132 PMCID: PMC3531641 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.12.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination covers most children against mumps in Korea, the development of mumps has been reported. However, the clinical manifestations of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients have never been investigated. Herein we report the clinical features of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients. Materials and Methods This study included a total of 62 postpubertal males who developed acute mumps orchitis from 2005 to 2010. The clinical manifestations such as the incubation period, febrile duration, and the mean duration of orchitis were retrospectively investigated. The laboratory and sonographic findings were also reviewed and compared with the features of previously reported cases of unvaccinated postpubertal mumps orchitis. Results The mean age of the 62 patients was 17.56 years (range, 15 to 29 years). All patients were serologically confirmed with acute mumps infection (positive immunoglobulin [Ig] M and negative or positive IgG). The mean incubation period was 5.39 days (range, 0 to 23 days), with a febrile duration of 1.8 days (range, 0.5 to 3 days), and a mean duration of orchitis of 4.96 days (range, 0 to 17 days). Sonography revealed unilateral orchitis in 58 patients (93.6%) and bilateral orchitis in only 6 (6.4%). Conclusions In our study, mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients showed a relatively shorter febrile duration. In addition, less scrotal swelling and a lower incidence of bilaterality were found upon physical examination and ultrasonography. In the future, additional long-term follow-up is needed to determine the features of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated males, and an additional booster vaccination should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Sik Tae
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Doyle JS, Paige EK, Spelman DW. Mumps presenting as epididymo-orchitis among young travellers: under-recognition, missed diagnoses and transmission risks. Med J Aust 2011; 194:317-8. [PMID: 21426289 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schuppe HC, Pilatz A, Hossain H, Meinhardt A, Bergmann M, Haidl G, Weidner W. [Orchitis and male infertility]. Urologe A 2010; 49:629-35. [PMID: 20449780 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-010-2256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections and inflammations of the genital tract are considered the most frequent causes of reduced male fertility, but conclusive epidemiological data are not available. In view of the exposure of germ cells to pathogenic components as well as the cells and mediators involved in the inflammatory processes, irreversible damage to spermatogenesis and corresponding decline of ejaculate quality are to be expected, particularly in cases of chronic orchitis. While the consequences of orchitis and epididymo-orchitis that exhibit clinical symptoms due to systemic or local infections are well known, including testicular atrophy and complete loss of fertility, those cases of inflammatory reactions of the testicles that manifest an asymptomatic or subclinical course, or are not even due to an infection, have received little attention until now. However, systematic histopathological analyses have shown a high prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory reactions in testicular biopsies from infertile men. The mostly focal lymphocytic infiltrates correlate with the degree of damage to spermatogenesis and corresponding clinical and endocrinological parameters of testicular function. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques are not yet available so that chronic asymptomatic inflammations of the testicles as the primary cause or cofactor of male fertility disorders are underestimated. Except for administration of pathogen-specific antibiotics, treatment recommendations are to a large extent still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Schuppe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Andrologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Gaffkystrasse 14, 35385, Giessen, Deutschland.
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Yapanoglu T, Kocaturk H, Aksoy Y, Alper F, Ozbey I. Long-term efficacy and safety of interferon-alpha-2B in patients with mumps orchitis. Int Urol Nephrol 2010; 42:867-71. [PMID: 20431945 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-010-9737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine long-term efficacy and safety subcutaneous injection of interferon-alpha-2B in patients with mumps orchitis in terms of testicular volume and other testicular functions. Mumps orchitis was evaluated in 37 patients. Patients were hospitalized and administered 1 × 3,000,000 IU subcutaneous injection of interferon-alpha-2B daily for 7 days. The testicular volumes of all the patients were measured by ultrasonography in the 18th month following treatment termination. The testes volumes were evaluated by descriptive statistics as percentages. Patients were divided into three groups according to testes volumes and differences between the involved and non-involved testicles. Group I included patients with normal testes volume (> 12 ml) and a difference between testes of less than 2 ml or 20%; Group II (atrophic groups) included patients with testes volume of less than 12 ml; and Group III (hypotrophic groups) included patients with testes volume of greater than 12 ml and a difference between testes of more than 2 ml or 20%. Groups were compared in terms of results of semen analysis and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Patients' ages ranged between 17 and 41 years (mean: 28.3 years). A total of nine atrophy cases were identified. Sixteen patients were determined to have hypotrophic testes with a difference of 2-10 ml or 20% between the involved and non-involved testicles, despite the absence of testicular atrophy. A comparison of groups revealed that sperm density, total sperm count, total motile sperm count, and motility percentage were significantly higher in Group I than in the other groups, while serum FSH and LH levels were lower in Group I than in the other groups. Although the use of interferon-alpha-2B appears to prevent testicular atrophy and protect testicular function, it leads to a considerable difference in the volume between testicles and a significant loss of testicular function. As a result, further studies are required in order to investigate the efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Yapanoglu
- Department of Urology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Ternavasio-de la Vega HG, Boronat M, Ojeda A, García-Delgado Y, Ángel-Moreno A, Carranza-Rodríguez C, Bellini R, Francès A, Nóvoa FJ, Pérez-Arellano JL. Mumps orchitis in the post-vaccine era (1967-2009): a single-center series of 67 patients and review of clinical outcome and trends. Medicine (Baltimore) 2010; 89:96-116. [PMID: 20517181 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e3181d63191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the age of appearance of mumps infection has shifted from children to adolescents and young adults, groups with a higher incidence of disease complications and sequelae. During the years 2000-2001, the Gran Canaria Island was part of an epidemic of mumps. In that period, our institution attended 67 cases of serologically confirmed acute mumps orchitis, the most serious complication of mumps infection in young postpubertal males. We conducted a descriptive and prospective study of this cohort and extensively reviewed the literature from 1967 (the year the first mumps vaccine was introduced) to 2009. Fifty-six patients were admitted because of general impairment and were treated with alpha-interferon. Sixty-six patients presented parotitis previous to orchitis (interval from parotitis to orchitis, 4.9 d). Orchitis was unilateral in 89.5% and bilateral in 10.4% of cases. More than 98% of patients had orchitis-associated fever. Nine patients had clinical and biochemical data showing acute mumps meningitis, and 11 had subclinical pancreatitis. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.6 days (range, 1-9). During the acute phase, more than 41% of the evaluated testes had a volume >25 mL. Acute hormonal disturbances were highly prevalent. These included decreased levels of testosterone and inhibin B with low or normal levels of gonadotropins in 35% of subjects, and, to our knowledge not previously reported, an atypical hormonal pattern consisting of low levels of free testosterone and inhibin B, along with increased measures of luteinizing hormone but low or normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels (11% of cases). During the follow-up period (mean, 331 d) a high incidence of sperm disturbance was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo-Guillermo Ternavasio-de la Vega
- From Internal Medicine Service II (HGTV), Hospital Universitario of Salamanca, Salamanca; Endocrinology and Nutrition Section (MB, AO, YGD, FJN), and Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit (AF, JLPA), Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Insular of Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (MB, AAM, CCR, RB, FJN, JLPA), Health Sciences Faculty, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria; and Internal Medicine Service II (AAM), Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
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Davis NF, McGuire BB, Mahon JA, Smyth AE, O'Malley KJ, Fitzpatrick JM. The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: a comprehensive review. BJU Int 2010; 105:1060-5. [PMID: 20070300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.09148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in mumps orchitis among pubertal and postpubertal males. These outbreaks can be attributed to a reduction in the uptake of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine during the early to mid-1990 s in children who have now matured. The mumps virus is commonly associated with extra-salivary complications. Unvaccinated postpubertal males diagnosed with mumps virus frequently develop complications such as mumps orchitis. Therefore, it is important that urologists are familiar with the diagnosis, treatment and complications of this condition. Here we review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment options and complications of mumps orchitis, as a complication of mumps virus, with particular emphasis on testicular atrophy, subfertility and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall F Davis
- Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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Sartorius GA, Handelsman DJ. Testicular Dysfunction in Systemic Diseases. Andrology 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-78355-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schuppe HC, Meinhardt A, Allam JP, Bergmann M, Weidner W, Haidl G. Chronic orchitis: a neglected cause of male infertility? Andrologia 2008; 40:84-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Testicular torsion is one of the common causes of acute scrotal pain. This review discusses the clinical and sonographic findings of intravaginal and extravaginal testicular torsion, including the normal sonographic and vascular anatomy of the testis. The role of color flow Doppler and spectral Doppler is also emphasized in the patient's complete, incomplete, and intermittent testicular torsion. Sonographic features of testicular torsion mimics, such as vasculitis, venous thrombosis, scrotal edema, and technical parameters, are also presented. A brief description of new developments such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared imaging is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Lin
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
Although the incidence of mumps orchitis has dramatically declined since the introduction of the childhood vaccination programme, a sharp increase in reported cases of both mumps and mumps orchitis has been seen recently in the UK. There are great concerns about mumps outbreaks and the associated risk of infertility; it remains an important clinical condition. Immunization is the best policy to avoid this viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masarani
- Department of Urology, Imperial College of London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK.
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