Postprandial triglyceridaemia in men with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes

Effect of postprandial triglycerides on DDT/ppDDE levels in subjects with varying degree of glucose intolerance

BACKGROUND

Organochlorine pesticides such as DDT as well as postprandial hypertriglyceridemia have been linked with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The cardiometabolic risk of PPhTg could also be due to its potential to increase the serum levels of this highly lipophilic pesticide. We studied the effect of postprandial triglyceride responses to a standard oral fat challenge on the levels of DDT and its metabolites in subjects with varying degree of glucose intolerance METHODS: A standard fat challenge was performed in 60 subjects who were categorized as NGT, prediabetes, and NDDM based on an earlier OGTT. Fasting and postprandial levels of serum triglycerides, plasma DDT and its metabolites were estimated and compared in the 3 groups and their association with each other, and measures of glycemia and insulin resistance were also determined.

RESULTS

Peak Tg and TgAUC levels were significantly higher in NDDM group as compared to NGT and PD groups. TgAUC showed positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (r=0.33, p=0.01), postprandial plasma glucose (r=0.39, p=0.002) and HOMA IR(r=0.63, p=0.001). ppDDE levels were found to be significantly higher in NDDM subjects compared with NGT group. ppDDE-AUC was significantly higher in the NDDM group compared with the other two study groups. Mean ppDDE levels also showed strong positive correlation with peak Tg (r=0.295 p=0.022), TgAUC (r=0.303 p=0.018), iPPTgAUC(r=0.57 p≤0.001) and iPPpeakTg(r=0.51 p≤0.001) as well as with FPG (r=0.269 p=0.038) PPPG (r=0.424 p=0.001) and HbA1c (r=0.321 p=0.012).

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study support the concept that the cardiometabolic risk associated with PPhTg may at least in part be related to the associated increase in serum levels of lipophilic OCPs like DDT.

The effect of insulin resistance on postprandial triglycerides in Korean type 2 diabetic patients

We hypothesized that the influence of metabolic parameters depends on metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. The clinical and metabolic implications of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) in Korean type 2 diabetes were investigated in the presence or absence of MetS, MetS+, or MetS-. To investigate the relationship between ppTG and metabolic parameters, we analyzed plasma TG levels in 126 newly diagnosed, drug-naïve diabetic patients after ingestion of a standardized low calorie and fat (500 kcal, 17.5 g fat) liquid meal formula. We report that MetS+ patients have significantly higher BMI, waist/hip ratio, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β, but insignificantly higher fasting TG, ppTG, and ΔTG than MetS- patients. In the MetS+ patients, ppTG correlated with fasting TG and non-HDL, but was not related to HOMA-IR. In MetS- patients, ppTG correlated with fasting TG, non-HDL, blood pressure, waist/hip ratio, fasting C-peptide and insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. Multivariate analysis showed HOMA-IR to be a predictive factor for ppTG in MetS- patients but not in MetS+ patients. ppTG correlated with IR in MetS- type 2 diabetic patients but not in MetS+. This unexpected result implies that MetS+ diabetic patients already have high fasting TG and that IR influences fasting TG more dominantly than ppTG.

Postprandial Triglyceride Is Associated with Fasting Triglyceride and HOMA-IR in Korean Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND

Recent studies indicate postprandial triglyceride (TG) had a better association with cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome than fasting TG. The authors of the present study investigated the metabolic and clinical relevance of postprandial TG.

METHODS

In a cross-sectional retrospective study, the authors of the present study compared fasting and postprandial TG and analyzed the relationship between postprandial TG and various demographic and metabolic parameters in 639 Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D, group I, n=539) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG, group II, n=100) after ingestion of a standardized liquid meal (total 500 kcal, 17.5 g fat, 68.5 g carbohydrate, and 17.5 g protein).

RESULTS

Fasting and postprandial TG were significantly correlated (r=0.973, r=0.937, P<0.001) in group I and II, respectively. Of the variables, total cholesterol, waist circumference and body mass index were significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial TG in both groups. Only postprandial TG showed a significant correlation with glucose metabolic parameters (e.g., postprandial glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], and fasting C-peptide) in subjects with T2D. Multiple regression analysis showed fasting TG and HOMA-IR could be predictable variables for postprandial TG in subjects with T2D.

CONCLUSION

Postprandial TG was very strongly correlated with fasting TG. The authors of the present study suggest insulin resistance may be more associated with postprandial TG than fasting TG in Korean T2D patients on a low-fat diet.

Difference between fasting and nonfasting triglyceridemia; the influence of waist circumference

AIM

Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify differences between fasting and postprandial TG levels, focusing on the influence of waist circumference.

METHODS

Subjects included 1,505 men and 798 women aged 3865 years who were not taking medications for diabetes or dyslipidemia. Fasting TG levels were measured after an overnight fast, and postprandial TG levels were measured 2 hours after a standardized rice-based lunch (total 740 kcal, 20 g fat, 30 g protein, and 110 g carbohydrates) in the afternoon on the same day.

RESULTS

Fasting and postprandial TG levels were highly correlated in both men (r=0.86, p<0.001) and women (r=0.84, p<0.001). Waist circumference was positively correlated with fasting TG (r=0.38 in men and r=0.36 in women) and postprandial TG (r=0.42 in men and r=0.45 in women), respectively. On multiple regression analyses, the association of waist circumference with postprandial TG was still significant (standardized beta=0.10 in men and standardized beta=0.15 in women, p<0.001) after the inclusion of HbA1c, age, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, alcohol consumption, and fasting TG in the regression model.

CONCLUSION

Postprandial TG has a better relation with waist circumference than fasting TG.