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Kugler P. The role of wage beliefs in the decision to become a nurse. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:94-111. [PMID: 34655140 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In light of skilled-labor shortage, the effect of a change in the wage of nurses on their labor supply is intensely discussed in recent literature. Using extensive data of German 14- to 15-year-olds, I analyze the role of the beliefs about a nurse's wage in the decision to become one. To estimate a partial effect, I select controls and their functional form using post-double-selection, which is a data-driven selection method based on regression shrinkage. Highlighting the importance of wages at the extensive margin of labor supply, the wage beliefs play a positive and statistically significant role. Although information is publicly available, educational choices knowingly suffer from misinformation. I find that especially those who do not become a nurse understate the wage. The results lead to two important policy implications. First, increasing the wage may help to overcome the shortage observed in many countries. Second, providing more information on the (relative) wage may be a successful strategy to attract more individuals into this profession. To assess the sensitivity of the results regarding omitted variable bias, I apply a novel approach. It turns out that potential unobserved confounders would have to be strong to overrule the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kugler
- Institute for Applied Economic Research, Tübingen, Germany
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Messineo L, Seta L, Allegra M. The relationship between empathy and altruistic motivations in nursing studies: a multi-method study. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:124. [PMID: 34233674 PMCID: PMC8262004 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient management of relational competences in healthcare professionals is crucial to ensuring that a patient's treatment and care process is conducted positively. Empathy is a major component of the relational skills expected of health professionals. Knowledge of undergraduate healthcare students' empathic abilities is important for educators in designing specific and efficient educational programmes aimed at supporting or enhancing such competences. In this study, we measured first-year undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards professional empathy in clinical encounters. The students' motivations for entering nursing education were also evaluated. This study takes a multi-method approach based on the use of qualitative and quantitative tools to examine the association between students' positive attitudes towards the value of empathy in health professionals and their prosocial and altruistic motivations in choosing to engage in nursing studies. METHODS A multi-method study was performed with 77 first-year nursing students. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) - Health Professions Student Version was administered. Students' motivations for choosing nursing studies were detected through an open question and thematically analysed. Using explorative factor analysis and principal component analysis, a dimensional reduction was conducted to identify subjects with prosocial and altruistic motivations. Finally, linear models were tested to examine specific associations between motivation and empathy. RESULTS Seven distinct themes distinguishing internal and external motivational factors were identified through a thematic analysis of students' answers regarding their decision to enter a nursing degree course. Female students gained higher scores on the empathy scale than male ones. When students' age was considered, this difference was only observed for younger students, with young females' total scores being higher than young males'. High empathy scores were positively associated with altruistic motivational factors. A negative correlation was found between external motivational factors and the scores of the Compassionate Care subscale of the JSE. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the level of nursing students' empathy and their motivational factors for entering nursing studies is important for educators to implement training paths that enhance students' relational attitudes and skills and promote the positive motivational aspects that are central to this profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Messineo
- Istituto per le Tecnologie Didattiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luciano Seta
- Istituto per le Tecnologie Didattiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Istituto per le Tecnologie Didattiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
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Skela-Savič B, Klemenčič Mirazchiyski E, Lobe B. Perceptions of Slovenian elementary schoolchildren on nursing and nurses-Exploratory study. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 53:103083. [PMID: 34058572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The research aimed to assess the perception on nursing and nurses among schoolchildren of Slovenian elementary schools. BACKGROUND Among the general public, nursing remains under-recognized as an occupation and a science. Especially young people have unrealistic perceptions of nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional research design was undertaken. METHODS The study included 1984 eighth grade schoolchildren from 103 elementary schools. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire. RESULTS The research results revealed a positive general perception of nursing. Surprisingly, only 2.5% of respondents would consider a career in nursing. Girls had more understanding of nursing compared to boys (p < 0.001); having a nurse relative meant better understanding of nursing (p = 0.032). The influence of the traditional view of nursing and the biomedical model of care which describes nursing not as autonomous, but as subordinate to medicine, was considerate (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that elementary school children do not express an interest in a career in nursing. They perceive the job of a nurse as female-dominated, they cling to the traditional perception of nursing being subordinate to medicine, and they indicated dominance of the biomedical model of care. Healthcare policy makers must remember that healthcare systems cannot function without nurses, so developing nursing is crucial. To increase interest in the profession, a national campaign promoting nursing programs and the nursing profession and presenting horizontal and vertical career opportunities is needed. Young people must have realistic information on nursing as an occupation and a science, its role in the healthcare system, and career opportunities. Activities aimed at changing public opinion on nursing must be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Skela-Savič
- Full Professor (delite Research Councilor), Head of Angela Boškim Institute for Research in Healthcare Sciences, Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care, Spodnji Plavž 3, 4270 Jesenice, Slovenia.
| | - Eva Klemenčič Mirazchiyski
- Head of Center for applied epistemology Educational Research Institute Gerbičeva 62, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Bojana Lobe
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Mert S, Altuntaş Yildiz T, Gönen Şentürk S, Durualp E. Senior high school students' opinions on the nursing profession: A ten‐year comparative study. J Adv Nurs 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selda Mert
- Vocational School of Health Services Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Tuğba Altuntaş Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine Organ and Tissue Transplantation Center Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Ender Durualp
- Faculty of Health Sciences Ankara University Ankara Turkey
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Wu LT, Wang W, Holroyd E, Lopez V, Liaw SY. Factors deterring dentistry, medical, pharmacy, and social science undergraduates from pursuing nursing as a healthcare career: a cross-sectional study in an Asian university. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29373973 PMCID: PMC5787325 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally more registered nurses need to be recruited to meet the needs of aging populations and increased co-morbidity. Nursing recruitment remains challenging when compared to other healthcare programs. Despite healthcare students having similar motivation in joining the healthcare industry, many did not consider nursing as a career choice. This study aims to identify the deterrents to choosing nursing among healthcare undergraduates by examining the differences in the factors influencing healthcare career choices and nursing as a career choice. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted using a 35-parallel items instrument known as Healthcare Career Choice and Nursing Career Choice scale. Six hundred and four (n = 604) first year medical, pharmacy, dentistry and social science students from a university in Singapore completed the survey. RESULTS Nursing as a career was perceived by healthcare students to be more likely influenced by prior healthcare exposure, the nature of the work, job prospects, and social influences. Lack of autonomous decision making, perceived lower ability to make diagnosis, having to attend to patients' hygiene needs, engendered stigma, and lack of parental support were identified as deterring factors to choosing nursing as a career. CONCLUSION An understanding of the deterrents to choosing nursing as career allows policy makers and educational leaders to focus on recruitment strategies. These include providing more exposure to nurses' roles in early school years, helping young people to overcome the fear of providing personal hygiene care, promoting nurses' autonomous nursing practice, addressing gender stigma, and overcoming parental objection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ting Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- Nursing Research Capacity Building, Aga Khan University, P. O. Box 8842, Kampala, Uganda East Africa
| | - Violeta Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Sok Ying Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
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Glerean N, Hupli M, Talman K, Haavisto E. Young peoples' perceptions of the nursing profession: An integrative review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2017; 57:95-102. [PMID: 28755570 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this integrative review was to describe young people's perceptions of the nursing profession and to identify factors influencing the perception. DESIGN Integrative literature review. DATA SOURCES The CINAHL, PubMed and Medic electronic databases were searched for research publications between 2006 and 2016. The keywords used were: perception, attitude, belief, view, knowledge, image, nurse, nursing care, career, profession, role, teen, middle school student, high school student, adolescent and pupil. A manual search was conducted of the reference lists of the identified articles. REVIEW METHODS Whittemore and Knafl's method for conducting an integrative review was utilized. The quality of the chosen articles was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute's quality appraisal tools. FINDINGS The search resulted in eight articles. Young people described the nature of nursing work with poor working conditions, shift work and a limited level of autonomy. Nursing work was mainly seen as caring for and helping patients which was considered inferior to doctors' work. Young people did not recognize the educational requirements or the career pathways in nursing and described the status of nursing as low in society. Nurses were considered as kind and caring people who work hard and are less intellectual. The factors influencing the perception were family and relatives, friends, media, significant others and personal factors. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of young people do not reflect the reality of the nursing profession and the perceived image of nursing has not changed in the last ten years. Young people and the public need realistic information of the nursing profession and the actions to change the image should take place at all levels of the society. Further research is needed to understand how the perceptions of the young people can be influenced and changed to reflect a more realistic image of a contemporary nurse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Glerean
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.
| | - Maija Hupli
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.
| | - Kirsi Talman
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.
| | - Elina Haavisto
- Department of Nursing Science, Hospital District of Satakunta, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.
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Factors affecting the programme completion of pre-registration nursing students through a three year course: A retrospective cohort study. Nurse Educ Pract 2017; 24:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dante A, Ferrão S, Jarosova D, Lancia L, Nascimento C, Notara V, Pokorna A, Rybarova L, Skela-Savič B, Palese A. Nursing student profiles and occurrence of early academic failure: Findings from an explorative European study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2016; 38:74-81. [PMID: 26763210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the European context regulated by the Bologna Process principles, there is little evidence to date on the different profiles, if any, of nursing students enrolled in the 1st academic year and their academic outcomes. AIMS To describe and compare the nursing student profiles and their academic outcomes at the end of the 1st year across European Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNS) courses. DESIGN An exploratory multicentre cohort study involving five countries: Nursing students who were enrolled in nursing programmes for the academic year 2011/2012 in the participating BNS courses, willing to participate and regularly admitted to the 2nd academic year, were included in this study undertaken in 2013. Individual and faculty level variables were collected after having ensured the validity of the tools developed in English and then appropriately translated into the language of each participating country. FINDINGS A total of 378/710 (53.2%) students participated in the study. They attended from 390 to 810h of lessons, while clinical experience ranged from 162 to 536h. The students reported a mean average age of 21.4 (Confidence of Interval [CI] 95%, 21.0-22.3) and foreign students were limited in number (on average 3.7%). The students reported adopting mainly individual learning strategies (92.9%), duplicating notes or lecture notes prepared by professors (74.4%), and concentrating their study before exams (74.6%). The majority reported experiencing learning difficulties (49.7%) and a lack of academic support (84.9%). Around 33.2% reported economic difficulties and the need to work while studying nursing on average for 24h/week. Personal expectations regarding the nursing role were different (45.6%) than the role encountered during the 1st year, as learning workloads were higher (57.2%) with regard to expectations. Around one-third of students reported the intention to leave nursing education while the proportion of those reporting early academic failure was on average 5.6%. CONCLUSIONS More strategies aimed at harmonising nursing education across Europe, at supporting nursing students' learning processes during 1st year, and identifying factors influencing their intention to leave and their academic failure, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sónia Ferrão
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | - Venetia Notara
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens, Greece.
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Ogunyewo OA, Afemikhe JA, Ajio DK, Olanlesi aliu A. Adolescents perception of career choice of nursing among selected secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ijnm2014.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Fillman VM. Career interest, self-efficacy, and perception in undecided and nursing undergraduate students: a quantitative study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2015; 35:251-255. [PMID: 25218036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Career choice variables of career interest, self-efficacy, and perception were chosen based upon Social Cognitive Career Theory concepts for study between nursing and undecided undergraduate student groups. Components of the Career Search Questionnaire and Perceptions of Professional Nursing instruments were combined and adapted to form the Career Choice Survey for use in this research. This web-based survey totaling 40 questions was sent to 577 undergraduate students with a 12% response rate (N=68). Due to the need to increase nursing recruitment and retention, hypotheses were developed that distinguish if any relationship existed between groups. Findings of this quantitative study resulted in statistically significant results on two of the three variable hypotheses (p=.006 for career interest, p=.002 for self-efficacy, p=.395 for perception), aligning with previous research and provide insight into the change in nursing perception. Overall, scores for each subscale were encouraging to current nurses and expected from undecided students. Implications for practice include increases in accurate nursing portrayal in the media and early career counseling to younger populations. Nurse educators can further research in career choice with focus on continuing education for current nurses and recruitment of young nursing hopefuls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M Fillman
- Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, 511 NE Greenleaf, Peoria, IL 61603, United States.
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van Zyl GS, Christofides NJ. International Nurses Day and press coverage in South Africa. Int Nurs Rev 2014; 61:186-93. [PMID: 24716795 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some countries, nursing's appeal as a profession is diminishing, partly due to poor press coverage and the media's portrayal of an over-loaded, poorly paid profession. The media is important for shaping public perceptions and raising policy issues. International Nurses Day gives nurses an opportunity to profile their critical contribution to quality health care. AIM To determine the influence of this commemorative day on press coverage about nursing by examining whether there was a difference in the proportion of South African press articles on nursing between January-April and May-June 2010. METHODS A quantitative content analysis was conducted of all press articles mentioning 'nursing' or 'nurse/s' in the South African lay press from 1 January-31 June 2010. Articles were coded for theme, slant and prominence, and inter-coder reliability was assessed. Descriptive statistics with chi square or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the two time periods. RESULTS We identified 242 articles in 95 publications. The month of May had almost double the press coverage of January. International Nurses Day articles were mainly positive, and appeared in May to June in weekly community publications rather than in daily national and regional newspapers. When they were excluded, most articles portrayed nursing negatively. LIMITATIONS The 6-month period may not be representative of the entire year. Only the dominant topic was coded, which possibly influenced the analysis. CONCLUSION International Nurses Day positively influenced the extent and slant of press coverage. Efforts to sustain coverage beyond the event through strategic partnerships and media engagement should be strengthened. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY The media's portrayal of nurses and nursing may influence the choice of nursing as a career. International Nurses Day is an opportunity to portray nursing positively. Media training may help nurses to advocate for their profession in the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S van Zyl
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Dante A, Graceffa G, Del Bello M, Rizzi L, Ianderca B, Battistella N, Bulfone T, Grando R, Zuliani S, Casetta A, Palese A. Factors influencing the choice of a nursing or a non-nursing degree: a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 16:498-505. [PMID: 24636446 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Current literature has paid increasing attention to the factors influencing career decisions; nevertheless, few studies have compared candidates that have chosen a nursing versus a non-nursing degree. A multicenter, cross-sectional study design was performed to explore whether or not certain individual variables and having inaccurate data about nursing as a profession influenced the choice of a non-nursing degree. Six non-nursing and three nursing degree programs offered by two public Italian universities were involved. A total of 507 students who had just enrolled in non-nursing degree programs and 202 in nursing degree programs were invited to complete a questionnaire comprising 12 closed items. Overall, from 40.0% to 57.1% of the variation in choosing a degree other than nursing was explained by variables such as age, and having inaccurate data on the nursing profession. For each year over 19 years of age, the likelihood that the student would decide to enroll in a nursing degree program increases. For each wrong answer reported on the questionnaire evaluating knowledge on nursing profession, there was a reduction of approximately six times in the likelihood that the student would enroll in a nursing degree program. Information regarding the nursing profession should be offered in early stages of life; in addition, offering accurate data on the profession is a key factor in evaluating the congruence of the career with the individual's personal motivations, aspirations, and talents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Dante
- School of Nursing, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
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