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O'Connell P, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAMF7 modulates B cells and adaptive immunity to regulate susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:241. [PMID: 36199066 PMCID: PMC9533612 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by CNS autoimmunity stemming from a complex etiology involving both environmental and genetic factors. Our current understanding of MS points to dysregulation of the immune system as the pathogenic culprit, however, it remains unknown as to how the many genes associated with increased susceptibility to MS are involved. One such gene linked to MS susceptibility and known to regulate immune function is the self-ligand immune cell receptor SLAMF7. Methods We subjected WT and SLAMF7−/− mice to multiple EAE models, compared disease severity, and comprehensively profiled the CNS immune landscape of these mice. We identified all SLAMF7-expressing CNS immune cells and compared the entire CNS immune niche between genotypes. We performed deep phenotyping and in vitro functional studies of B and T cells via spectral cytometry and BioPlex assays. Adoptive transfer studies involving the transfer of WT and SLAMF7−/− B cells into B cell-deficient mice (μMT) were also performed. Finally, B–T cell co-culture studies were performed, and a comparative cell–cell interaction network derived from scRNA-seq data of SLAMF7+ vs. SLAMF7− human CSF immune cells was constructed. Results We found SLAMF7−/− mice to be more susceptible to EAE compared to WT mice and found SLAMF7 to be expressed on numerous CNS immune cell subsets. Absence of SLAMF7 did not grossly alter the CNS immune landscape, but allowed for altered immune cell subset infiltration during EAE in a model-dependent manner. Global lack of SLAMF7 expression increased myeloid cell activation states along with augmented T cell anti-MOG immunity. B cell profiling studies revealed increased activation states of specific plasma and B cell subsets in SLAMF7−/− mice during EAE, and functional co-culture studies determined that SLAMF7−/− B cells induce exaggerated T cell activation. Adoptive transfer studies revealed that the increased susceptibility of SLAMF7−/− mice to EAE is partly B cell dependent and reconstruction of the human CSF SLAMF7-interactome found B cells to be critical to cell–cell communication between SLAMF7-expressing cells. Conclusions Our studies have identified novel roles for SLAMF7 in CNS immune regulation and B cell function, and illuminate underpinnings of the genetic association between SLAMF7 and MS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02594-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Freitas RAD, Lima VV, Bomfim GF, Giachini FRC. Interleukin-10 in the Vasculature: Pathophysiological Implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:230-243. [PMID: 34961448 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666211227143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, initially characterized as an anti-inflammatory agent released by immune cells during infectious and inflammatory processes. IL-10 exhibits biological functions that extend to the regulation of different intracellular signaling pathways directly associated with vascular function. This cytokine plays a vital role in vascular tone regulation through the change of important proteins involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Numerous investigations covered here have shown that therapeutic strategies inducing IL-10 result in anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertrophic, antihyperplastic, anti-apoptotic and antihypertensive effects. This non-systematic review summarizes the modulating effects mediated by IL-10 in vascular tissue, particularly on vascular tone, and the intracellular pathway induced by this cytokine. We also highlight the advances in IL-10 manipulation as a therapeutic target in different cardiovascular pathophysiologies, including the physiological implications in animals and humans. Finally, the review illustrates current and potential future perspectives of the potential use of IL-10 in clinical trials, based on the clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças - Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Regina Casagrande Giachini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia - Brazil.
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças - Brazil
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O'Connell P, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Aldhamen YA, Amalfitano A. Absence of ERAP1 in B Cells Increases Susceptibility to Central Nervous System Autoimmunity, Alters B Cell Biology, and Mechanistically Explains Genetic Associations between ERAP1 and Multiple Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2952-2965. [PMID: 34810226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS); yet, the underlying mechanisms behind these associations have only been investigated in a fraction of cases. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized aminopeptidase with important roles in trimming peptides destined for MHC class I and regulation of innate immune responses. As such, genetic polymorphisms in ERAP1 have been linked to multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we present, to our knowledge, the first mechanistic studies performed to uncover why polymorphisms in ERAP1 are associated with increased susceptibility to MS. Combining multiple mouse models of CNS autoimmunity with high-dimensional single-cell spectral cytometry, adoptive transfer studies, and integrative analysis of human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, we identify an intrinsic defect in B cells as being primarily responsible. Not only are mice lacking ERAP1 more susceptible to CNS autoimmunity, but adoptive transfer of B cells lacking ERAP1 into B cell-deficient mice recapitulates this susceptibility. We found B cells lacking ERAP1 display decreased proliferation in vivo and express higher levels of activation/costimulatory markers. Integrative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing of B cells from 36 individuals revealed subset-conserved differences in gene expression and pathway activation in individuals harboring the MS-linked K528R ERAP1 single-nucleotide polymorphism. Finally, our studies also led us to create, to our knowledge, the first murine protein-level map of the CNS IL-10+ immune compartment at steady state and during neuroinflammation. These studies identify a role for ERAP1 in the modulation of B cells and highlight this as one reason why polymorphisms in this gene are linked to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Thompson KK, Tsirka SE. Immunosuppression in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Neurologic Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 272:245-265. [PMID: 34595582 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain and spinal cord, demyelination, glial cell activation, and neuronal damage. Currently there is no cure for MS, however, available disease-modifying agents minimize inflammation in the CNS by various mechanisms. Approved drugs lessen severity of the disease and delay disease progression, however, they are still suboptimal as patients experience adverse effects and varying efficacies. Additionally, there is only one disease-modifying therapy available for the more debilitating, progressive form of MS. This chapter focuses on the presently-available therapeutics and, importantly, the future directions of MS therapy based on preclinical studies and early clinical trials. Immunosuppression in other neurological disorders including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Govindarajan V, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW. Role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis and their potential as therapeutic targets. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:260. [PMID: 32878648 PMCID: PMC7469327 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either destruction by autoimmune T cells or dysfunction of myelin-producing cells. Recent advances have indicated that inflammasomes contribute the etiology of MS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response involved in the processing of caspase-1, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the cell death-mediated mechanism of pyroptosis and the activation of the adaptive immune response. Here we review the literature to date on the role of different inflammasome signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and how these pathways may be targeted to reduce deleterious inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Govindarajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Cui X, Liu CM, Liu QB. FCRL3 promotes IL-10 expression in B cells through the SHP-1 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1811-1819. [PMID: 32374464 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Current studies have shown that Fc-receptor like-3 (FCRL3) is closely related to MS, but the specific role of FCRL3 in MS has not yet been clarified. This study further found that FCRL3 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression was downregulated in MS patients, but the expression of these proteins was higher in the remission phase than that in the acute phase. The C allele of rs7528684 was associated with MS, and the CC genotype could lead to the upregulation of FCRL3 expression and the increase in IL-10 secretion. Further in vitro experiments with B cells found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promoted FCRL3 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, thereby promoting IL-10 secretion. LPS regulated Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation through FCRL3, and FCRL3 upregulated the SHP-1 expression and p38 phosphorylation levels. When SHP-1 small interfering RNA or a p38 pathway inhibitor was added, the effect of FCRL3 on IL-10 secretion was significantly inhibited. In addition, FCRL3 inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8); after inhibiting the expression of IL-10, the abovementioned effects of FCRL3 were blocked. These results suggest that FCRL3 can activate the SHP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways and then promote the secretion of IL-10 in B cells, thus inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors. Therefore, FCRL3 may play an immunoprotective role in MS, and it will be an effective target for the diagnosis and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Second People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Bing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Second People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
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Nally FK, De Santi C, McCoy CE. Nanomodulation of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060543. [PMID: 31195710 PMCID: PMC6628349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease primarily affecting young adults. Despite an unclear causal factor, symptoms and pathology arise from the infiltration of peripheral immune cells across the blood brain barrier. Accounting for the largest fraction of this infiltrate, macrophages are functionally heterogeneous innate immune cells capable of adopting either a pro or an anti-inflammatory phenotype, a phenomenon dependent upon cytokine milieu in the CNS. This functional plasticity is of key relevance in MS, where the pro-inflammatory state dominates the early stage, instructing demyelination and axonal loss while the later anti-inflammatory state holds a key role in promoting tissue repair and regeneration in later remission. This review highlights a potential therapeutic benefit of modulating macrophage polarisation to harness the anti-inflammatory and reparative state in MS. Here, we outline the role of macrophages in MS and look at the role of current FDA approved therapeutics in macrophage polarisation. Moreover, we explore the potential of particulate carriers as a novel strategy to manipulate polarisation states in macrophages, whilst examining how optimising macrophage uptake via nanoparticle size and functionalisation could offer a novel therapeutic approach for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Nally
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, 2 D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Chiara De Santi
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, 2 D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Claire E McCoy
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, 2 D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland.
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Li Q, Liu C, Yue R, El-Ashram S, Wang J, He X, Zhao D, Zhou X, Xu L. cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 Signaling Pathway Activates BMDCs Maturation Following Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040895. [PMID: 30791397 PMCID: PMC6412216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an important cytosolic DNA sensor that plays a crucial role in triggering STING-dependent signal and inducing type I interferons (IFNs). cGAS is important for intracellular bacterial recognition and innate immune responses. However, the regulating effect of the cGAS pathway for bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) during Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection is still unknown. We hypothesized that the maturation and activation of BMDCs were modulated by the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway. In this study, we found that M. bovis promoted phenotypic maturation and functional activation of BMDCs via the cGAS signaling pathway, with the type I IFN and its receptor (IFNAR) contributing. Additionally, we showed that the type I IFN pathway promoted CD4+ T cells’ proliferation with BMDC during M. bovis infection. Meanwhile, the related cytokines increased the expression involved in this signaling pathway. These data highlight the mechanism of the cGAS and type I IFN pathway in regulating the maturation and activation of BMDCs, emphasizing the important role of this signaling pathway and BMDCs against M. bovis. This study provides new insight into the interaction between cGAS and dendritic cells (DCs), which could be considered in the development of new drugs and vaccines against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chunfa Liu
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ruichao Yue
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan street, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoli He
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lihua Xu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Torabi S, Tamaddon M, Asadolahi M, Shokri G, Tavakoli R, Tasharrofi N, Rezaei R, Tavakolpour V, Sazegar H, Kouhkan F. miR-455-5p downregulation promotes inflammation pathways in the relapse phase of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis disease. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Delgado-Roche L, Riera-Romo M, Mesta F, Hernández-Matos Y, Barrios JM, Martínez-Sánchez G, Al-Dalaien SM. Medical ozone promotes Nrf2 phosphorylation reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur J Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28623000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of Multiple sclerosis (MS). Different drugs have been used in the clinical practice, however, there is not a completely effective treatment. Due to its potential therapeutic action, medical ozone represents a promising approach for neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the present study was to address the role of ozone therapy on the cellular redox state in MS patients. Ozone (20μg/ml) was administered three times per week during a month by rectal insufflation. The effect of ozone therapy on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation was addressed by spectrophotometric and immunoenzymatic assays. Furthermore, we investigated the action of ozone on CK2 expression and Nrf2 phosphorylation by western blotting analysis. Medical ozone significantly improved (P < 0.05) the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the levels of cellular reduced glutathione. In accordance, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of oxidative damage on lipids and proteins was observed in ozone-treated patients. As well, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β were lower after ozone treatment. Ozone therapy incremented the CK2 expression together with Nrf2 phosphorylation in mononuclear cells of MS patients. These findings suggest that ozone´s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects might be partially associated with an induction of Nrf2 phosphorylation and activation. These results provide new insights on the molecular events modulated by ozone, and pointed out ozone therapy as a potential therapeutic alternative for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livan Delgado-Roche
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Mario Riera-Romo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Fernando Mesta
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32315, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Juan M Barrios
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Mexican Association of Oxidative Stress, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Gregorio Martínez-Sánchez
- Medical Center Beauty Benefit - San Biagio di Osimo, Via Mons. Oscar Romero, 31, 60027 Osimo, Ancona, Italy
| | - Said M Al-Dalaien
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicine College, Mutah University, Jordan
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Guerrero-García JDJ, Castañeda-Moreno VA, Torres-Carrillo N, Muñoz-Valle JF, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Ponce-Regalado MD, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Valle Y, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Interleukin-17A Levels Vary in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Association with Their Age, Treatment and the Time of Evolution of the Disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2016; 23:8-17. [PMID: 26599431 DOI: 10.1159/000441004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was specifically designed to discern the possible existence of subgroups of patients with the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (RRMS) depending on their gender, age, disease stage (relapsing or remitting), time of disease evolution and response to different treatments. METHODS We analyzed samples from patients with RRMS (50 females and 32 males) and healthy individuals (25 matched for age and gender) and determined serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17A. We stratified patients by gender, age, treatment and disease evolution time, and subsequently correlated these independent variables with the concentrations of the previously mentioned cytokines. RESULTS We provided initial evidence that treatment exerted possible differential effects depending on the time of disease duration. Results evidence the existence of different subgroups of patients with MS, who can be classified as follows: (a) male or female under or over 40 years of age; (b) disease duration according to treatment (under or over 8 years of disease); (c) classification according to fluctuating levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17A in the following three stages of disease evolution: <5 years, between 5 and 10 years, and >10 years. CONCLUSION These subgroups must be taken into account for the clinical follow-up of patients with MS in order to provide them with a better and more personalized treatment, and also for a deep and detailed analysis of progressive disease, in an attempt to comprehend fluctuations and clinical variability by means of a better understanding of intrinsically physiological variables of the disease.
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Edwards SC, Higgins SC, Mills KHG. Respiratory infection with a bacterial pathogen attenuates CNS autoimmunity through IL-10 induction. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:41-46. [PMID: 26100487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with viral or bacterial pathogens has been linked with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), while infection with helminth parasites has been associated protection against MS and other autoimmune diseases. Here we have used a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to examine the effect of infection with the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis infection on development of CNS inflammation. The data demonstrate that infection of mice with B. pertussis significantly attenuates the clinical course of EAE induced by active immunization or cell transfer. This was reflected in a significant reduction in VLA-4 and LFA-1 expression on T cells and infiltration of IL-17(+), IFN-γ(+) and IFN-γ(+)IL-17(+) CD4 T cells into the CNS. Infection with B. pertussis induced IL-10 production from dendritic cells in vitro and enhanced the frequency of IL-10-producing CD25(-)Foxp3(+/-) CD4(+) T cells in vivo. Furthermore, the suppressive effects of B. pertussis infection on EAE were lost in IL-10(-/-) mice. Our findings demonstrate that a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract can attenuate EAE by promoting production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 that may suppress licensing of autoaggressive T cells in the lungs, thereby preventing their migration into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Edwards
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Higgins
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Mohsenzadegan M, Fayazi MR, Abdolmaleki M, Bakhshayesh M, Seif F, Mousavizadeh K. Direct immunomodulatory influence of IFN-β on human astrocytoma cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:214-9. [PMID: 25689952 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1014559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes actively play a pivotal role in inflammatory disease intensity of central nervous system especially multiple sclerosis (MS). Although IFN-β is a selective therapy for MS but the role of IFN-β in stimulating the astrocytes to produce cytokines is not clearly revealed. Therefore, it is encouraging to assess the modulatory role of IFN-β on astrocytes of brain tissue. The aim of our study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms of recombinant IFN-β 1a directly affecting IL-10, iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in central nervous system for the first time. In this way, in vitro procedures conducted by human astrocytoma A172 and 1321N1 cell lines as a model system. The total RNA from A172 and 1321N1 cells treated with IFN-β and LPS/IFN-γ/IFN-β and untreated cells were extracted and evaluated for IL-10, iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression by real-time RT-PCR. We found a significant dose-dependent increase in IL-10 gene expression in A172 and 1321N1 cells treated with IFN-β or LPS/IFN-γ/IFN-β. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in iNOS expression suggesting a similar mechanism of action for both cells. Eventually there were no significant changes concerning the modulation of the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in response to IFN-β treatment. In part, the immunomodulatory effect of IFN-β may be due to increase of IL-10 and suppression of iNOS expression in astrocytes of brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Liu BS, Cao Y, Huizinga TW, Hafler DA, Toes RE. TLR-mediated STAT3 and ERK activation controls IL-10 secretion by human B cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2121-9. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yonghao Cao
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Tom W. Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - David A. Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Rene E.M. Toes
- Department of Rheumatology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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15
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Mahurkar S, Suppiah V, O'Doherty C. Pharmacogenomics of interferon beta and glatiramer acetate response: A review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:178-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Comparison of IFN-β inducible gene expression in primary-progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 265:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Stewart CA, Metheny H, Iida N, Smith L, Hanson M, Steinhagen F, Leighty RM, Roers A, Karp CL, Müller W, Trinchieri G. Interferon-dependent IL-10 production by Tregs limits tumor Th17 inflammation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4859-74. [PMID: 24216477 PMCID: PMC3809773 DOI: 10.1172/jci65180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of IL-10 and Tregs in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment to impair anticancer Th1 immunity makes them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. IL-10 and Tregs also suppress Th17 activity, which is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. However, previous studies have overlooked their potential contribution to the regulation of pathogenic cancer-associated inflammation. In this study, we investigated the origin and function of IL-10–producing cells in the tumor microenvironment using transplantable tumor models in mice. The majority of tumor-associated IL-10 was produced by an activated Treg population. IL-10 production by Tregs was required to restrain Th17-type inflammation. Accumulation of activated IL-10+ Tregs in the tumor required type I IFN signaling but not inflammatory signaling pathways that depend on TLR adapter protein MyD88 or IL-12 family cytokines. IL-10 production limited Th17 cell numbers in both spleen and tumor. However, type I IFN was required to limit Th17 cells specifically in the tumor microenvironment, reflecting selective control of tumor-associated Tregs by type I IFN. Thus, the interplay of type I IFN, Tregs, and IL-10 is required to negatively regulate Th17 inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic interference of this network could therefore have the undesirable consequence of promoting Th17 inflammation and cancer growth.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/deficiency
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Andrew Stewart
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Metheny
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Noriho Iida
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Loretta Smith
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Hanson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Folkert Steinhagen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Leighty
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Roers
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L. Karp
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Müller
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Data Management Services Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bill Ford Chair of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A Japanese randomized controlled study showed that Interferon â (IFN-â1b) therapy is clinically effective in decreasing the frequency of attacks in multiple sclerosis (MS), even in optico-spinal MS (OSMS). However, recent studies have shown that IFN-â (IFN-â1a/IFN-â1b) treatment was not effective in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients and that the diminished benefit of IFN-â treatment in NMO may be due to different immune responses to IFN-â. We determined longitudinally the expression of CCR5, CXCR3 and CCR4 on CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in the blood from patients with NMO and MS treated with IFN-â1b. During a 12-month period of IFN-â1b therapy, the annualized relapse rate decreased in MS patients but not in NMO patients. There was no significant difference in the expression of the chemokine receptors between NMO and MS at baseline. The percentages of CD4+CCR5+ and CD4+CXCR3+ T cells, representative of the Th1 response, were decreased in both NMO and MS after treatment. The percentage of CD4+CCR4+ T cells, representative of the Th2 response, was decreased in MS, but those for NMO was significantly increased compared with the pretreatment levels. Our results indicate that IFN-â1b-induced up-modulation of the Th2 response in NMO patients may be the source of differences in the therapeutic response to IFN-â1b therapy. In the present study, Th2 predominance is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO.
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19
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Liu BS, Janssen HLA, Boonstra A. Type I and III interferons enhance IL-10R expression on human monocytes and macrophages, resulting in IL-10-mediated suppression of TLR-induced IL-12. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2431-40. [PMID: 22685028 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, only about 30-50% of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients respond to IFN-based therapy. It has been suggested that IL-10 is involved in suppressing the activity of type I IFNs on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, the interaction between type I IFNs and IL-10 is still not clear. Here we report that IFN-α priming upregulated the expression of IL-10R1 on monocytes, and subsequently IL-10 induced a higher level of STAT3 phosphorylation in IFN-primed cells. This indicates that IFN-α increased the sensitivity of monocytes to IL-10, and as a result, TLR-induced IL-12p70 by IFN-pretreated cells was suppressed. Interestingly, both IFN-β and IL-29, a member of the type III IFN family, comparably sensitized monocytes and macrophages to IL-10 stimulation, indicating a general effect of IFN on the activity of IL-10 in APCs. In summary, we demonstrate that one of the consequences of priming human APCs with IFN is to promote the cells' sensitivity to IL-10, which leads to the inhibition of TLR-induced IL-12p70 production. Therefore, type I and III IFNs induce a suboptimal activation of immune cells. These findings are relevant for the development of strategies to further improve IFN-based therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis or viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sheng Liu
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Patti F, Nicoletti A, Pappalardo A, Castiglione A, Lo Fermo S, Messina S, D'Amico E, Cimino V, Zappia M. Frequency and severity of headache is worsened by Interferon-β therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2012; 125:91-5. [PMID: 21649611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and headache (HA) is not well known. It was reported that interferon-beta (IFNβ) could induce or worsen HA. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of IFNβ treatment on HA and the relationship between HA and the various commercial preparations of IFNβ in mildly disabled patients with MS. METHODS A specific questionnaire was administered to 357 relapsing-remitting MS patients. Characteristics of HAs were considered, including the temporal relationships with IFNβ administration. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen patients were treated with weekly intramuscular injections of interferon IFNβ-1a (Avonex(®)), 84 with subcutaneous injections of IFNβ-1b (Betaferon(®)) every other day, 48 and 108 with three times weekly subcutaneous injections of IFNβ-1a (Rebif(®)) 22 mcg or IFNβ-1a (Rebif(®)) 44 mcg, respectively. Three hundred and fourteen patients were affected by HA, and among them, 219 patients suffered of pre-existing HA. In this latter group, 121 subjects (55%) noted a worsening of their HA after starting IFNβ therapy; this was more frequently reported by patients treated with Avonex(®) and Rebif(®) 44. Ninety-five patients experienced new HA. CONCLUSION IFNβ treatment could worsen HA in patients with pre-existing HA or cause the appearance of new HA. Among different IFNβ preparations, Rebif(®) 44 and Avonex(®) seemed to be more cephalalgic than the other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Patti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Italy
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21
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Regulatory effects of IFN-β on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in B10RIII mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19870. [PMID: 21573074 PMCID: PMC3089639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) serves as a model for human intraocular inflammation. IFN-β has been used in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. Earlier studies showed that it ameliorated EAU; however, the mechanisms involved in this inhibition are still largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings B10RIII mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) peptide 161–180 in Complete Freund's adjuvant. Splenocytes from different time points after immunization were used to evaluate the expression of IFN-β. An increased expression of IFN-β was observed during EAU and its highest expression was observed on day 16, 3 days after the peak of intraocular inflammation. Splenocytes and draining lymph node cells from mice immunized with IRBP161-180 on day 13 and control mice were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies or IRBP161-180 to evaluate the production of IFN-γ and IL-17. The results showed that IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly higher in immunized mice as compared to the control mice when exposed to anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies. However, the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 was detected only in immunized mice, but not in the control mice when stimulated with IRBP161-180. Multiple subcutaneous injections of IFN-β significantly inhibited EAU activity in association with a down-regulated expression of IFN-γ, IL-17 and an enhanced IL-10 production. In an in vitro system using cells from mice, IFN-β suppressed IFN-γ production by CD4+CD62L− T cells, IL-17 production by CD4+CD62L+/- T cells and proliferation of CD4+CD62L+/- T cells. IFN-β inhibited the secretion of IL-6, but promoted the secretion of IL-10 by monocytes. IFN-β-treated monocytes inhibited IL-17 secretion by CD4+CD62L+/- T cells, but did not influence IFN-γ expression and T cell proliferation. Conclusions/Significance IFN-β may exert its inhibitory effect on EAU by inhibiting Th1, Th17 cells and modulating relevant cytokines. IFN-β may provide a potential treatment for diseases mediated by Th1 and Th17 cells.
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22
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Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA blood level in multiple sclerosis is related to treatment response and interferon-beta dose. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 226:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Patanella AK, Zinno M, Quaranta D, Nociti V, Frisullo G, Gainotti G, Tonali PA, Batocchi AP, Marra C. Correlations between peripheral blood mononuclear cell production of BDNF, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and cognitive performances in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:1106-12. [PMID: 19885866 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and inflammatory factors in the development of cognitive dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We correlated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) production of BDNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 with performances on specific neuropsychological tasks in a selected series of MS patients. We studied a sample of 30 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR)MS, segregated by gender and matched for age, education, disease duration, type of immunomodulating therapy, degree of disability and overall cognitive status. We found that low BDNF levels were correlated with increased time of execution on a divided attention and visual scanning task whereas high levels of IL-6 were correlated with low Mini Mental State Examination scores. We did not observe any significant correlations between IL-10, TNF-alpha levels and cognitive performances in our patients. In conclusion our study shows a correlation between low BDNF and high IL-6 production by PBMCs and poorer performances in cognitive tasks in RRMS patients suggesting a possible role of these factors in cognitive impairment in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Patanella
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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24
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Sandrow-Feinberg HR, Zhukareva V, Santi L, Miller K, Shumsky JS, Baker DP, Houle JD. PEGylated interferon-beta modulates the acute inflammatory response and recovery when combined with forced exercise following cervical spinal contusion injury. Exp Neurol 2010; 223:439-51. [PMID: 20109445 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary degeneration leads to an expansion of the initial tissue damage sustained during a spinal cord injury (SCI). Dampening the cellular inflammatory response that contributes to this progressive tissue damage is one possible strategy for neuroprotection after acute SCI. We initially examined whether treatment with a PEGylated form of rat interferon-beta (IFN-beta) would modulate the expression of several markers of inflammation and neuroprotection at the site of a unilateral cervical level 5 contusion injury. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were injured using the Infinite Horizon Impactor at a force of 200 kdyn (equivalent to a severe injury) and a mean displacement of 1600-1800 mum. A single dose (5x10(6) units) of PEGylated IFN-beta or vehicle was administered 30 min following SCI. Here we demonstrate temporal changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and the expression of heat shock proteins and iNOS (involved in neuroprotection) at the lesion epicenter and one segment caudally after SCI and PEG IFN-beta treatment. The results suggested a potential therapeutic treatment strategy for modulation of secondary damage after acute SCI. Therefore, we examined whether acute treatment with PEG IFN-beta would improve forelimb function alone or when combined with forced exercise (Ex). Animals began the Ex paradigm 5 days post SCI and continued for 5 days/week over 8 weeks. Locomotion (forelimb locomotor scale [FLS], hindlimb BBB, and TreadScan) and sensorimotor function (grid walking) was tested weekly. Additional outcome measures included lesion size and glial cell reactivity. Significant FLS improvements occurred at 1 week post SCI in the PEGylated IFN-beta-treated group but not at any other time point or with any other treatment approaches. These results suggest that this acute neuroprotective treatment strategy does not translate into long term behavioral recovery even when combined with forced exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harra R Sandrow-Feinberg
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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25
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Krakauer M, Sorensen P, Khademi M, Olsson T, Sellebjerg F. Increased IL-10 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis: interferon-beta treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression while reducing IL-23 mRNA expression. Mult Scler 2008; 14:622-30. [PMID: 18424480 DOI: 10.1177/1352458507087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN)-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested to promote a deviation from T lymphocyte production of pathogenic Th1 cytokines to less detrimental Th2 cytokines, but this is still controversial. We studied patterns of in vivo blood mononuclear cell (MNC) and whole blood cytokine and transcription factor mRNA expression before and during IFN-beta therapy in MS. METHODS Twenty patients with relapsing-remitting MS were sampled before and after 3 months of treatment with IFN-beta along with 15 healthy volunteers. An additional 39 patients and 50 healthy volunteers served to confirm initial findings. mRNA was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We found elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-10 in untreated MS patients. IFN-beta therapy increased IL-10 and decreased IL-23 expression independently of any Th1 or Th2 cytokines. The largest changes in cytokine mRNA levels occurred early (~9-12 h) after an IFN-beta injection. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of a Th1- or Th2-mRNA-promoting effect of IFN-beta therapy. The therapeutic effect of IFN-beta is more likely attributable to the induction of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The elevated IL-23 mRNA levels in MS patients are noteworthy in view of the newly discovered IL-23-driven Th17 T-cell subset, which is crucial in animal models of MS. Since IFN-beta therapy resulted in decreased IL-23 mRNA levels, the Th17 axis could be another target of IFN-beta therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krakauer
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Brudek T, Christensen T, Hansen HJ, Petersen T, Møller-Larsen A. Synergistic immune responses induced by endogenous retrovirus and herpesvirus antigens result in increased production of inflammatory cytokines in multiple sclerosis patients. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67:295-303. [PMID: 18261041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) and herpesviruses are increasingly associated with the pathogenesis of the neurological inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Herpesviruses are capable of HERV activation and simultaneous presence of HERV and herpesvirus antigens have a synergistic effect on cell-mediated immune responses, which tend to be higher in MS patients in comparison with healthy individuals. Here, we investigate whether these synergistic immune responses are reflected in changes in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we have performed a comparative study between MS patients and healthy controls to investigate the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL) 2, or IL-10 as well as the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses in supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with HERV and herpes antigen combinations. We have found a significant disproportion in Th1/Th2 responses in PBMCs from MS patients caused by the joint presence of HERV and herpes antigens. The results also showed a significantly higher IFN-gamma production in cells from MS patients; additionally, this production correlated with the synergistic cell proliferations whereas we did not find such a correlation in healthy controls. Our findings suggest that the increased production of IFN-gamma and the induced imbalance in Th1/Th2 responses favouring the inflammatory reactions in MS patients may lead to progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brudek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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27
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Vijay-Kumar M, Wu H, Aitken J, Kolachala VL, Neish AS, Sitaraman SV, Gewirtz AT. Activation of toll-like receptor 3 protects against DSS-induced acute colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13:856-64. [PMID: 17393379 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mimetics of bacterial DNA, given orally or subcutaneously, protect mice from experimental colitis via a toll-like receptor (TLR)-9-dependent mechanism. The goal of the study was to define whether synthetic viral RNA, polyinosinic acid:cytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], which is also a potent immunomodulator, might also affect murine colitis and, if so, define whether such effects were mediated by TLR3, which is one of at least 4 known receptors for this viral RNA analog. METHODS Mice (C57BL6, IL-10KO, or TLR3 KO) were administered 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. Two hours before treatment with DSS, mice were given phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or poly(I:C) 20 mug subcutaneously (s.c.), or 100 mug intragastrically (i.g.). RESULTS In wildtype mice s.c. administration of poly(I:C) dramatically protected against DSS-induced colitis as assessed by every parameter analyzed, which included body weight, rectal bleeding, colonic myeloperoxidase, histopathology, serum keratinocyte-derived chemokine, serum amyloid A, and lipocalin-2. In contrast, i.g. administration of poly(I:C) offered no protection in this colitis model nor did its administration activate the innate immune system as assessed by serologic parameters. Subcutaneous poly(I:C) protected against DSS-induced colitis equally well in C57BL6 and IL-10KO mice, indicating that this antiinflammatory cytokine is not required for such protection. Protection against colitis given by poly(I:C) treatment was ablated in TLR3 KO, indicating that the protective action of this viral RNA analog was mediated by this receptor. CONCLUSIONS Activation of TLR3 on cells that are accessible by systemic, but not oral, administration of synthetic viral RNA results in protection against the acute inflammation that can ensue upon damage of the gut epithelium. Thus, this viral RNA analog, which is under clinical trials for other inflammatory disorders (e.g., lupus), may also have therapeutic value for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Kümpfel T, Schwan M, Pollmächer T, Yassouridis A, Uhr M, Trenkwalder C, Weber F. Time of interferon-β 1a injection and duration of treatment affect clinical side effects and acute changes of plasma hormone and cytokine levels in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2007; 13:1138-45. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458507078685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During initiation of interferon-beta (IFN-β) therapy, many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience systemic side effects which may depend on the time point of IFN-β injection. We investigated the time course of plasma hormone-, cytokine- and cytokine-receptor concentrations after the first injection of IFN-β either at 8.00 a.m. (group A) or at 6.00 p.m. (group B) and quantified clinical side effects within the first 9 h in 16 medication free patients with relapsing-remitting MS. This investigation was repeated after 6-month IFN-β therapy. Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations followed their physiological rhythms, with lower levels in the evening compared to the morning, but raised earlier and stronger in group B after IFN-β administration. IFN-β injection in the evening led to a prompter increase of plasma IL-6 concentrations and temperature during the first hours and correlated to more intense clinical side effects compared to group A. Plasma IL-10 concentrations increased more in group A compared to group B, but sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII concentrations raised 7 h after IFN-β injection only in group B. Acute effects on plasma hormone and cytokine concentrations adapted after 6-month IFN-β treatment, while diurnal variations were still present. Baseline sTNF-RII concentrations were elevated after 6-month IFN-β therapy only in group A. Our results show that time point of IFN-β injection has differential effects on acute changes of plasma hormone and cytokine concentrations and is related to systemic side effects. This may have implications on the tolerability and effectiveness of IFN-β therapy. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 1138—1145. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, -muenchen.de
| | - M. Schwan
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Sections of Neurology, Clinical Chemistry and Statistics, Munich, Germany
| | - Th. Pollmächer
- Centre of Mental Health, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingoldstadt, Germany
| | - A. Yassouridis
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Sections of Neurology, Clinical Chemistry and Statistics, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Uhr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Sections of Neurology, Clinical Chemistry and Statistics, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Trenkwalder
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - F. Weber
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Sections of Neurology, Clinical Chemistry and Statistics, Munich, Germany
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Graber JJ, Ford D, Zhan M, Francis G, Panitch H, Dhib-Jalbut S. Cytokine changes during interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis: correlations with interferon dose and MRI response. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 185:168-74. [PMID: 17328965 PMCID: PMC1894687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated serum (IL-10 and IL-12p70) and cellular cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma) in stimulated PBMC over 24 weeks in 15 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients randomized to receive once-weekly (qw) IFN-beta-1a 30 microg intramuscularly (IM) (n=8) or three-times-weekly (tiw) IFN-beta-1a 44 microg subcutaneously (SC) (n=7). Overall, IFN-beta treatment increased cellular IL-10 (p<0.01) levels and the ratios of cellular IL-10/IL-12p40 (p<0.01) and IL-10/IL-12p70 (p<0.02) while cellular IFN-gamma levels were reduced (p<0.01). Serum IL-10 levels were decreased in non-responders to therapy based on MRI-defined criteria (p<0.01) but did not change in responders over the course of treatment. In addition, non-responders demonstrated a decrease in serum IL-10/IL-12p70 ratio (p=0.031) and a decrease in cellular IL-12p70 (p<0.02). A decrease in cellular IFN-gamma was observed in responders (p=0.013). This is the first study that compares cytokine changes between the two IFN-beta regimes and demonstrates that serum IL-10 levels decrease in those patients who continue to have active MRI lesions while on interferon-beta therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J Graber
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, MD, USA
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30
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Adriaansen J, Kuhlman RR, van Holten J, Kaynor C, Vervoordeldonk MJBM, Tak PP. Intraarticular interferon-beta gene therapy ameliorates adjuvant arthritis in rats. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:985-96. [PMID: 16984225 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-beta has significant immunomodulatory properties and has received much interest as a potentially therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systemic IFN-beta treatment of patients with RA was not effective, probably because of pharmacokinetic issues. Therefore, we studied the effect of local IFN-beta production by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the ankle joints of arthritic rats. Adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats was used as a model to study intraarticular gene therapy with an adenoviral vector encoding the rat IFN-beta gene (Ad.IFN-beta). The effect on paw swelling was measured by water displacement plethysmometry. Synovial tissue of the hind paws was examined by immunohistochemistry. Bone destruction was analyzed on the basis of radiographs. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess IFN-beta expression. Levels of IFN-beta mRNA and protein peaked 2 days after intraarticular injection and declined thereafter. Local delivery of Ad.IFN-beta after the onset of disease reduced paw swelling significantly. This was accompanied by a reduction in synovial inflammation. The clinical effects in rat AA lasted up to 9 days. Strikingly, Ad.IFN-beta treatment protected bone from erosion, reduced levels of c-Cbl and Cbl-b (both signaling molecules essential for osteoclast activity), and reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-3:tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio in the joint. Immunohistochemical analysis of the synovial tissue revealed a clear shift toward a more antiinflammatory cytokine profile. Local overexpression of IFN-beta inhibits arthritis progression and protects against bone destruction in rat AA. These findings validate IFN-beta as a therapeutic molecule for intraarticular gene therapy of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adriaansen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Dressel A, Kolb AK, Elitok E, Bitsch A, Bogumil T, Kitze B, Tumani H, Weber F. Interferon-beta1b treatment modulates cytokines in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 114:368-73. [PMID: 17083335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unknown whether the immunological effects of beta-interferon (IFN-beta) differ in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) when compared with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Therefore, we investigated the effects of IFN-beta1b treatment in PPMS on proliferation and cytokine pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum level. METHODS Eighteen patients were treated with IFN-beta1b for 12 months in an open-label trial. Serum and PBMC were collected longitudinally. RESULTS Interleukin-10 serum levels increased (P = 0.02) during treatment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was increased in anti CD3 (OKT3) antibody stimulated PBMC during treatment (P = 0.04), whereas secretion of IL-10 was decreased in OKT3 (P = 0.04), but increased in concavalin A stimulated PBMC (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-10 serum levels rose in IFN-beta1b-treated patients as has been observed in RRMS. The changes in cytokine patterns secreted by T-lymphocytes of PPMS patients, however, differ from effects observed in RRMS supporting the hypothesis that PPMS differs in some immunological aspects from RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dressel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Bartosik-Psujek H, Stelmasiak Z. The interleukin-10 levels as a potential indicator of positive response to interferon beta treatment of multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006; 108:644-7. [PMID: 16343740 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Only a part of MS patients treated with interferon beta (IFN) respond positively to the applied treatment and to date no parameter predicting the response to treatment has been found. The aim of the study was to determine whether the levels of interleukin-10 and -12 (IL-10 and IL-12) might be the parameters enabling us to distinguish those patients who would best respond to therapy before the IFN treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 29 patients with clinically definite relapsing-remitting MS treated with IFN beta. In all of them the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid were determined before treatment using ELISA method. After the 2-year therapy the patients responding and nonresponding to IFN therapy were distinguished on the basis of clinical parameters. RESULTS In the patients responding positively to IFN treatment the level of IL-10 in blood serum before treatment was found to be significantly lower (p<0.05) and distinctively differentiated responders from nonresponders. The IL-12 levels were similar both in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and no significant differences between responders and nonresponders were found. CONCLUSION Our observations suggest that IL-10 level may be a useful parameter to identify the patients potentially responding to IFN therapy.
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Adriaansen J, Kuhlman R, Holten JV, Kaynor C, Vervoordeldonk M, Tak P. Intraarticular Interferon- ?Gene Therapy Ameliorates Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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34
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Li H, Mei Y, Wang Y, Xu L. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Suppressed Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting T Helper 1 Responses. J Clin Immunol 2006; 26:430-7. [PMID: 16964563 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been found to act as a potent anti-inflammatory factor through regulating the production of both anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting Th2-type responses. In this study, we used myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in C57BL/6 mice to investigate the potential effects of VIP on multiple sclerosis. Our results showed that in vivo treatment of EAE-induced mice with VIP had great protective benefit at both clinical and histological levels. Disease suppression was associated with the inhibition of T cells proliferation, shifting of the immune response toward a Th2-type response and influencing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-6 and IL-2 as well as chemotactic factors such as RANTES. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that VIP had great protective effect on EAE through its inhibition actions on pathogenic T cells and through a specific effect on the Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, PR China
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35
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Javed A, Reder AT. Therapeutic role of beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 110:35-56. [PMID: 16229894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In the last 12 years, there has been a proliferation of studies elucidating the immune mechanisms that mediate tissue damage in MS. Interferons (IFNs) have an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. They decrease pro-inflammatory responses such as the autoimmunity in MS, but other autoimmune responses such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be exacerbated. This review offers a general overview of the biological properties of IFNs, effects on immune cells, and clinical effectiveness in MS treatment. IFN signaling is complex, from receptor binding events to the generation of effector mechanisms that dampen inflammation. Immune cell function is altered in MS. IFN treatment of MS patients ameliorates immune dysfunction, but not completely. The incomplete resolution of immune dysfunction by IFNs partly explains their significant, but modest therapeutic effects. This observation also suggests that there are immune mechanisms in MS that are resistant to IFN therapy. In MS, abnormalities may exist at several points along the IFN signaling pathway, including molecular defects in the IFN second messenger system. Currently, several studies are ongoing evaluating ways of potentiating IFN effects. IFNs were the first agents to show clinical efficacy in treatment of MS. More than a decade of experience with IFNs has showed continued clinical efficacy over time. In the near future, IFNs will continue to play a major role in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Javed
- Department of Neurology, MC-2030, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, IL 60637, USA
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36
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Stüve O, Youssef S, Weber MS, Nessler S, von Büdingen HC, Hemmer B, Prod’homme T, Sobel RA, Steinman L, Zamvil SS. Immunomodulatory synergy by combination of atorvastatin and glatiramer acetate in treatment of CNS autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1037-44. [PMID: 16543951 PMCID: PMC1401481 DOI: 10.1172/jci25805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One approach to improving efficacy in MS therapy is to identify medications that provide additive or synergistic benefit in combination. Orally administered cholesterol-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (known as statins), which exhibit immunomodulatory properties and are effective in treatment of the MS model EAE, are being tested in MS. As atorvastatin can enhance protective Th2 responses and has a different mechanism of action than glatiramer acetate (GA), a parenterally administered immunomodulatory agent approved for MS treatment, we tested whether the combination of these agents could be beneficial in EAE. Combination therapy using suboptimal doses of atorvastatin and GA prevented or reversed clinical and histologic EAE. Secretion of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines was reduced--and conversely Th2 cytokine secretion was increased--in these mice, but not in mice treated with each drug alone at the same doses. Monocytes treated with the combination of suboptimal doses of atorvastatin and GA secreted an antiinflammatory type II cytokine pattern and, when used as APCs, promoted Th2 differentiation of naive myelin-specific T cells. Our results demonstrate that agents with different mechanisms of immune modulation can combine in a synergistic manner for the treatment of CNS autoimmunity and provide rationale for testing the combination of atorvastatin and GA in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sawsan Youssef
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Martin S. Weber
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stefan Nessler
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hans-Christian von Büdingen
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Thomas Prod’homme
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Raymond A. Sobel
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott S. Zamvil
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Zhang GX, Yu S, Gran B, Rostami A. Glucosamine abrogates the acute phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by induction of Th2 response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 175:7202-8. [PMID: 16301624 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine, a natural glucose derivative and an essential component of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, has been safely used to relieve osteoarthritis in humans. Recent studies have shown that glucosamine also possesses immunosuppressive properties and is effective in prolonging graft survival in mice. Whether this reagent is effective in human multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelination in the CNS, is not known. We thus investigated the therapeutic effect of glucosamine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We demonstrated that oral, i.p., or i.v. administration of glucosamine significantly suppressed acute EAE, with reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination. A significant, albeit not strong, blockade of Th1 response and an up-regulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-10) are observed in the splenocytes of glucosamine-treated mice. Glucosamine also regulates IL-5 and IL-10 in vitro. As glucosamine is able to effectively suppress acute EAE, has low or absent toxicity, and has been safely used in humans orally, our study suggests a potential use for this drug alone or in combination with other disease-modifying immunotherapies to enhance their efficacy and reduce their doses in MS and possibly other autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, because glucosamine functions not simply as an immunosuppressant, but as a mild immunomodulator, administration of glucosamine provides a novel immunoregulatory approach for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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