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Jan N, Sofi S, Qayoom H, Shabir A, Haq BU, Macha MA, Almilaibary A, Mir MA. Metronomic chemotherapy and drug repurposing: A paradigm shift in oncology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24670. [PMID: 38314272 PMCID: PMC10837507 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant global health and economic burden due to its high mortality rates. While effective in some instances, traditional chemotherapy often falls short of entirely eradicating various types of cancer. It can cause severe side effects due to harm to healthy cells. Two therapeutic approaches have risen to the forefront to address these limitations: metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) and drug repurposing. Metronomic chemotherapy is an innovative approach that breaks from traditional models. It involves the administration of chemotherapeutic regimens at lower doses, without long drug-free intervals that have previously been a hallmark of such treatments. This method offers a significant reduction in side effects and improved disease management. Simultaneously, drug repurposing has gained considerable attraction in cancer treatment. This approach involves utilizing existing drugs, initially developed for other therapeutic purposes, as potential cancer treatments. The application of known drugs in a new context accelerates the timeline from laboratory to patient due to pre-existing safety and dosage data. The intersection of these two strategies gives rise to a novel therapeutic approach named 'Metronomics.' This approach encapsulates the benefits of both MCT and drug repurposing, leading to reduced toxicity, potential for oral administration, improved patient quality of life, accelerated clinical implementation, and enhanced affordability. Numerous clinical studies have endorsed the efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy with tolerable side effects, underlining the potential of Metronomics in better cancer management, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review underscores the benefits and applications of metronomic chemotherapy and drug repurposing, specifically in the context of breast cancer, showcasing the promising results of pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, we acknowledge the necessity of additional clinical investigations to definitively establish the role of metronomic chemotherapy in conjunction with other treatments in comprehensive cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jan
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Shazia Sofi
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Aisha Shabir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Burhan Ul Haq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Muzaffar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
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de la Fuente MI, Colman H, Rosenthal M, Van Tine BA, Levacic D, Walbert T, Gan HK, Vieito M, Milhem MM, Lipford K, Forsyth S, Guichard SM, Mikhailov Y, Sedkov A, Brevard J, Kelly PF, Mohamed H, Monga V. Olutasidenib (FT-2102) in patients with relapsed or refractory IDH1-mutant glioma: A multicenter, open-label, phase Ib/II trial. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:146-156. [PMID: 35639513 PMCID: PMC9825299 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olutasidenib (FT-2102) is a highly potent, orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant and selective inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The aim of the study was to determine the safety and clinical activity of olutasidenib in patients with relapsed/refractory gliomas harboring an IDH1R132X mutation. METHODS This was an open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized, phase Ib/II clinical trial. Eligible patients (≥18 years) had histologically confirmed IDH1R132X-mutated glioma that relapsed or progressed on or following standard therapy and had measurable disease. Patients received olutasidenib, 150 mg orally twice daily (BID) in continuous 28-day cycles. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) (cycle 1) and safety in phase I and objective response rate using the Modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria in phase II. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were enrolled and followed for a median 15.1 months (7.3‒19.4). No DLTs were observed in the single-agent glioma cohort and the pharmacokinetic relationship supported olutasidenib 150 mg BID as the recommended phase II dose. In the response-evaluable population, disease control rate (objective response plus stable disease) was 48%. Two (8%) patients demonstrated a best response of partial response and eight (32%) had stable disease for at least 4 months. Grade 3‒4 adverse events (≥10%) included alanine aminotransferase increased and aspartate aminotransferase increased (three [12%], each). CONCLUSIONS Olutasidenib 150 mg BID was well tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory gliomas harboring an IDH1R132X mutation and demonstrated preliminary evidence of clinical activity in this heavily pretreated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena I de la Fuente
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Rosenthal
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Danijela Levacic
- Baylor and Scott White Vasicek Cancer Center, Baylor University Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tobias Walbert
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui K Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Vieito
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammed M Milhem
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie Brevard
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Varun Monga
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Fu Y, Dong H, Ruan X. Comparison of multi-cycle and standard-cycle temozolomide chemotherapies in patients with glioblastoma undergoing surgery and successive radiotherapy. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2023.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Liu Y, Chan CK. The oxidative potential of fresh and aged elemental carbon-containing airborne particles: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:525-546. [PMID: 35333266 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elemental carbon is often found in ambient particulate matter (PM), and it contributes to the PM's oxidative potential (OP) and thus poses great health concerns. Previous review articles mainly focused on the methodologies in evaluating OP in PM and its relationship with selected chemical constituents, including metal ions, PAHs, and inorganic species. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the effect of atmospheric aging processes on the OP of EC-containing airborne particles (ECCAPs). This review investigates more than 150 studies concerning the OP measurements and physico-chemical properties of both fresh and aged ECCAPs such as laboratory-generated elemental carbon (LGEC), carbon black (CB), soot (black carbon), and engineered carbon-containing nanomaterials (ECCBNs). Specifically, we summarize the characteristics of water-soluble and insoluble organic species, PAHs, quinone, and oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), and EC crystallinity. Both water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) contribute to the OP. Low molecular weight (MW) PAHs show a higher correlation with OP than high MW PAHs. Furthermore, oxidative aging processes introduce OFGs, where quinone (CO) and epoxide (O-C-O) increase the OP of ECCAPs. In contrast, carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) slightly change the OP. The low crystallinity of EC favors the oxygen addition and forms active OFG quinone, thus increasing the OP. More detailed analyses for the EC microstructures and the organic coatings are needed to predict the OP of ECCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Anti-glioblastoma effects of phenolic variants of benzoylphenoxyacetamide (BPA) with high potential for blood brain barrier penetration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3384. [PMID: 35232976 PMCID: PMC8888627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are limited. Current therapies against glioblastoma include surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant treatment and maintenance with temozolomide (TMZ), however, these standard therapies are often ineffective, and average survival time for glioblastoma patients is between 12 and 18 months. We have previously reported a strong anti-glioblastoma activity of several metabolic compounds, which were synthetized based compounds, which were synthetized based on the chemical structure of a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and share a general molecular skeleton of benzoylphenoxyacetamide (BPA). Extensive computational analyses of phenol and naphthol moieties added to the BPA skeleton were performed in this study with the objective of selecting new BPA variants for subsequent compound preparation and anti-glioblastoma testing. Initially, 81 structural variations were considered and their physical properties such as solubility (logS), blood–brain partitioning (logBB), and probability of entering the CNS calculated by the Central Nervous System—Multiparameter Optimization (MPO-CNS) algorithm were evaluated. From this initial list, 18 compounds were further evaluated for anti-glioblastoma activity in vitro. Nine compounds demonstrated desirable glioblastoma cell toxicity in cell culture, and two of them, HR51, and HR59 demonstrated significantly improved capability of crossing the model blood–brain-barrier (BBB) composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes.
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Narita Y, Muragaki Y, Kagawa N, Asai K, Nagane M, Matsuda M, Ueki K, Kuroda J, Date I, Kobayashi H, Kumabe T, Beppu T, Kanamori M, Kasai S, Nishimura Y, Xiong H, Ocampo C, Yamada M, Mishima K. Safety and efficacy of depatuxizumab mafodotin in Japanese patients with malignant glioma: A nonrandomized, phase 1/2 trial. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:5020-5033. [PMID: 34609773 PMCID: PMC8645742 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTELLANCE‐J was a phase 1/2 study of a potent antibody‐drug conjugate targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux‐M), as a second‐ or first‐line therapy, alone or combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in 53 Japanese patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade III/IV glioma. In second‐line arms, patients with EGFR‐amplified recurrent WHO grade III/IV glioma received Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy (temozolomide) or Depatux‐M alone regardless of EGFR status. In first‐line arms, patients with newly diagnosed WHO grade III/IV glioma received Depatux‐M plus chemoradiotherapy. The study was halted following lack of survival benefit with first‐line Depatux‐M in the global trial INTELLANCE‐1. The primary endpoint was 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with EGFR‐amplified tumors receiving second‐line Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy. Common nonocular treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) with both second‐line and first‐line Depatux‐M included lymphopenia (42%, 33%, respectively), thrombocytopenia (39%, 47%), alanine aminotransferase increase (29%, 47%), and aspartate aminotransferase increase (24%, 60%); incidence of grade ≥3 TEAEs was 66% and 53%, respectively. Ocular side effects (OSEs) occurred in 93% of patients receiving second‐line Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy and all patients receiving second‐line Depatux‐M alone or first‐line Depatux‐M plus chemoradiotherapy. Most OSEs were manageable with dose modifications and concomitant medications. The 6‐month PFS estimate was 25.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.4‒42.6), and median PFS was 2.1 months (95% CI 1.9‒3.9) with second‐line Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy in the EGFR‐amplified subgroup. This study showed acceptable safety profile of Depatux‐M alone or plus chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in Japanese patients with WHO grade III/IV glioma. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02590263).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Muragaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Asai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoo Nagane
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kuroda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Beppu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | | | - Hao Xiong
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Masakazu Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mishima
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Halatsch ME, Kast RE, Karpel-Massler G, Mayer B, Zolk O, Schmitz B, Scheuerle A, Maier L, Bullinger L, Mayer-Steinacker R, Schmidt C, Zeiler K, Elshaer Z, Panther P, Schmelzle B, Hallmen A, Dwucet A, Siegelin MD, Westhoff MA, Beckers K, Bouche G, Heiland T. A phase Ib/IIa trial of 9 repurposed drugs combined with temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: CUSP9v3. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab075. [PMID: 34377985 PMCID: PMC8349180 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dismal prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) may be related to the ability of GBM cells to develop mechanisms of treatment resistance. We designed a protocol called Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths combining 9 repurposed non-oncological drugs with metronomic temozolomide—version 3—(CUSP9v3) to address this issue. The aim of this phase Ib/IIa trial was to assess the safety of CUSP9v3. Methods Ten adults with histologically confirmed GBM and recurrent or progressive disease were included. Treatment consisted of aprepitant, auranofin, celecoxib, captopril, disulfiram, itraconazole, minocycline, ritonavir, and sertraline added to metronomic low-dose temozolomide. Treatment was continued until toxicity or progression. Primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity defined as either any unmanageable grade 3–4 toxicity or inability to receive at least 7 of the 10 drugs at ≥ 50% of the per-protocol doses at the end of the second treatment cycle. Results One patient was not evaluable for the primary endpoint (safety). All 9 evaluable patients met the primary endpoint. Ritonavir, temozolomide, captopril, and itraconazole were the drugs most frequently requiring dose modification or pausing. The most common adverse events were nausea, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, and ataxia. Progression-free survival at 12 months was 50%. Conclusions CUSP9v3 can be safely administered in patients with recurrent GBM under careful monitoring. A randomized phase II trial is in preparation to assess the efficacy of the CUSP9v3 regimen in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Zolk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmitz
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Scheuerle
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig Maier
- Central Pharmacy, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Regine Mayer-Steinacker
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carl Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Zeiler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ziad Elshaer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patricia Panther
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Schmelzle
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Hallmen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Dwucet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Basic Research Division, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Tim Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Cazzaniga ME, Cordani N, Capici S, Cogliati V, Riva F, Cerrito MG. Metronomic Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092236. [PMID: 34066606 PMCID: PMC8125766 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present article reviews the state of the art of metronomic chemotherapy use to treat the principal types of cancers, namely breast, non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal ones, and of the most recent progresses in understanding the underlying mechanisms of action. Areas of novelty, in terms of new regimens, new types of cancer suitable for Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) and the overview of current ongoing trials, along with a critical review of them, are also provided. Abstract Metronomic chemotherapy treatment (mCHT) refers to the chronic administration of low doses chemotherapy that can sustain prolonged, and active plasma levels of drugs, producing favorable tolerability and it is a new promising therapeutic approach in solid and in hematologic tumors. mCHT has not only a direct effect on tumor cells, but also an action on cell microenvironment, by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, or promoting immune response and for these reasons can be considered a multi-target therapy itself. Here we review the state of the art of mCHT use in some classical tumour types, such as breast and no small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), see what is new regarding most recent data in different cancer types, such as glioblastoma (GBL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and new drugs with potential metronomic administration. Finally, a look at the strategic use of mCHT in the context of health emergencies, or in low –and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to adequate healthcare is often not easy, is mandatory, as we always need to bear in in mind that equity in care must be a compulsory part of our medical work and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy;
- Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST-Monza (MB), 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (M.G.C.); Tel.: +39-0392-339-037 (M.E.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Cordani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy;
| | - Serena Capici
- Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST-Monza (MB), 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Viola Cogliati
- Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST-Monza (MB), 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Francesca Riva
- Unit of Clinic Oncology, ASST-Monza (MB), 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (M.G.C.); Tel.: +39-0392-339-037 (M.E.C.)
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Vils A, Bogowicz M, Tanadini-Lang S, Vuong D, Saltybaeva N, Kraft J, Wirsching HG, Gramatzki D, Wick W, Rushing E, Reifenberger G, Guckenberger M, Weller M, Andratschke N. Radiomic Analysis to Predict Outcome in Recurrent Glioblastoma Based on Multi-Center MR Imaging From the Prospective DIRECTOR Trial. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636672. [PMID: 33937035 PMCID: PMC8079773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on promising results from radiomic approaches to predict O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status (MGMT status) and clinical outcome in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, the current study aimed to evaluate radiomics in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Methods Pre-treatment MR-imaging data of 69 patients enrolled into the DIRECTOR trial in recurrent glioblastoma served as a training cohort, and 49 independent patients formed an external validation cohort. Contrast-enhancing tumor and peritumoral volumes were segmented on MR images. 180 radiomic features were extracted after application of two MR intensity normalization techniques: fixed number of bins and linear rescaling. Radiomic feature selection was performed via principal component analysis, and multivariable models were trained to predict MGMT status, progression-free survival from first salvage therapy, referred to herein as PFS2, and overall survival (OS). The prognostic power of models was quantified with concordance index (CI) for survival data and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the MGMT status. Results We established and validated a radiomic model to predict MGMT status using linear intensity interpolation and considering features extracted from gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI (training AUC = 0.670, validation AUC = 0.673). Additionally, models predicting PFS2 and OS were found for the training cohort but were not confirmed in our validation cohort. Conclusions A radiomic model for prediction of MGMT promoter methylation status from tumor texture features in patients with recurrent glioblastoma was successfully established, providing a non-invasive approach to anticipate patient's response to chemotherapy if biopsy cannot be performed. The radiomic approach to predict PFS2 and OS failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Vils
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bogowicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Diem Vuong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Saltybaeva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kraft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dorothee Gramatzki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, University Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rushing
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Andratschke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fedele P, Sanna V, Fancellu A, Marino A, Calvani N, Cinieri S. De-escalating cancer treatments during COVID 19 pandemic: Is metronomic chemotherapy a reasonable option? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103148. [PMID: 33254036 PMCID: PMC7672334 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID 19 pandemic represents an emergency for public health services. The reorganization of the healthcare system has had an important impact on the management of cancer patients. Oral treatments and de-escalation strategies are encouraged. Oral metronomic chemotherapy could be a reasonable treatment option in some cancer patients subgroups during COVID 19 pandemic.
COVID 19 pandemic represents an emergency for public health services and containment measures to reduce the risk of infection have been promptly activated worldwide. The healthcare systems reorganization has had a major impact on the management of cancer patients who are considered at high risk of infection. Recommendations and guidelines on how to manage cancer patients during COVID 19 pandemic have been published. Oral administration of chemotherapy is recommended to limit the access of cancer patients to hospital facilities and in some cases to guarantee the continuum of care. Low-dose metronomic administration of chemotherapy with different drugs and schedules has emerged in the last years as a possible alternative to conventional chemotherapy, due to its promising tumor control rates and excellent safety profiles. Moreover, given that many metronomic schedules use the oral route administration, it could represent a therapeutic strategy to ensure continuum of cancer care during COVID 19 pandemic. In this review we have selected all the clinical studies that have used the metronomic strategy, especially with oral drugs, in order to identify the subgroups of cancer patients who can benefit most from a metronomic approach even during COVID 19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Fedele
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, Francavilla Fontana (Br), Italy.
| | - Valeria Sanna
- Medical Oncology, Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fancellu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of General Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Nicola Calvani
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
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Simsek C, Esin E, Yalcin S. Metronomic Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Clinical Experience. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5483791. [PMID: 31015835 PMCID: PMC6446118 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy, continuous and dose-dense administration of chemotherapeutic drugs with lowered doses, is being evaluated for substituting, augmenting, or appending conventional maximum tolerated dose regimens, with preclinical and clinical studies for the past few decades. To date, the principle mechanisms of its action include impeding tumoral angiogenesis and modulation of hosts' immune system, affecting directly tumor cells, their progenitors, and neighboring stromal cells. Its better toxicity profile, lower cost, and easier use are main advantages over conventional therapies. The evidence of metronomic chemotherapy for personalized medicine is growing, starting with unfit elderly patients and also for palliative treatment. The literature reviewed in this article mainly demonstrates that metronomic chemotherapy is advantageous for selected patients and for certain types of malignancies, which make it a promising therapeutic approach for filling in the gaps. More clinical studies are needed to establish a solidified role for metronomic chemotherapy with other treatment models in modern cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Simsek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Esin
- Department of Medical Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Bernal Rubio YL, González-Reymúndez A, Wu KHH, Griguer CE, Steibel JP, de Los Campos G, Doseff A, Gallo K, Vazquez AI. Whole-Genome Multi-omic Study of Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:3627-3636. [PMID: 30228192 PMCID: PMC6222579 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been recognized as the most lethal type of malignant brain tumor. Despite efforts of the medical and research community, patients' survival remains extremely low. Multi-omic profiles (including DNA sequence, methylation and gene expression) provide rich information about the tumor. These profiles are likely to reveal processes that may be predictive of patient survival. However, the integration of multi-omic profiles, which are high dimensional and heterogeneous in nature, poses great challenges. The goal of this work was to develop models for prediction of survival of GBM patients that can integrate clinical information and multi-omic profiles, using multi-layered Bayesian regressions. We apply the methodology to data from GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 501) to evaluate whether integrating multi-omic profiles (SNP-genotypes, methylation, copy number variants and gene expression) with clinical information (demographics as well as treatments) leads to an improved ability to predict patient survival. The proposed Bayesian models were used to estimate the proportion of variance explained by clinical covariates and omics and to evaluate prediction accuracy in cross validation (using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, AUC). Among clinical and demographic covariates, age (AUC = 0.664) and the use of temozolomide (AUC = 0.606) were the most predictive of survival. Among omics, methylation (AUC = 0.623) and gene expression (AUC = 0.593) were more predictive than either SNP (AUC = 0.539) or CNV (AUC = 0.547). While there was a clear association between age and methylation, the integration of age, the use of temozolomide, and either gene expression or methylation led to a substantial increase in AUC in cross-validaton (AUC = 0.718). Finally, among the genes whose methylation was higher in aging brains, we observed a higher enrichment of these genes being also differentially methylated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Corinne E Griguer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Juan P Steibel
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
- Department of Statistics and Probability
| | - Andrea Doseff
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | | | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering
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13
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Xue J, Wu Y, Liu N. Ultrasound Enhanced Anti-tumor Effect of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells and Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 12:99-106. [PMID: 31719901 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cancer that begins within the brain. In clinic, temozolomide was used as anti-tumor drugs for glioblastoma chemotherapy, but showed limited effect. Therefore, how to improve the effect of temozolomide to glioblastoma is urgently needed. Methods The cell viability of T98G cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Apoptosis was detected using the Annexin-V-FITC & PI apoptosis kit and assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), phos-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), phos-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and phos-p38 were determined by western blot. The effect of ultrasound and temozolomide combination in mice was determined by survival analysis. Results Compared with temozolomide treatment alone, ultrasound and temozolomide combination inhibited the cell viability, and promotes apoptosis of human glioblastoma T98G cells. Bax level increased, while Bcl-2 level decreased in combination group. Mechanically, combination treatment promoted apoptosis via JNK and p38 pathways. In mouse glioblastoma model, combination treatment improved overall survival. Conclusions Ultrasound enhanced anti-tumor effect of temozolomide in glioblastoma cells via JNK and p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Department of Ultrasonography, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 20# Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000 Shandong China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Central Hospital of Weihai, 3 West Mi Shan East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai, 264400 Shandong China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Special Inspection, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area, No. 23-1 the Yellow River Road, Yantai, 264006 Shandong China
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14
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15N-, 13C- and ¹H-NMR Spectroscopy Characterization and Growth Inhibitory Potency of a Combi-Molecule Synthesized by Acetylation of an Unstable Monoalkyltriazene. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071183. [PMID: 28753938 PMCID: PMC6152079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
6-(3-Methyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione referred to as EG22 (8a), is an open-chain 3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazene termed “combi-molecule” designed to inhibit poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) and damage DNA. To delay its hydrolysis, acetylation of N3 was required. Being a monoalkyl-1,2,3-triazene, EG22 could assume two tautomers in solution or lose nitrogen during the reaction, thereby leading to several acetylated compounds. Instead, one compound was observed and to unequivocally assign its structure, we introduced isotopically labeled reagents in its preparation, with the purpose of incorporating 15N at N2 and 13C in the 3-methyl group. The results showed that the 1,2,3-triazene moiety remained intact, as confirmed by 15N-NMR, coupling patterns between the 15N-labeled N2 and the 13C-labeled methyl group. Furthermore, we undertook heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments that permitted the detection and assignment of all four nitrogens in 6-(3-acetyl-3-methyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione, referred to as ZSM02 (9a), whose structure was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The structure showed a remarkable coplanarity between the N-acetyltriazene and the naphtalimide moiety. Thus, we unequivocally assigned 9a as the product of the reaction and compared its growth inhibitory activity with that of its precursor, EG22. ZSM02 exhibited identical growth inhibitory profile as EG22, suggesting that it may be a prodrug of EG22.
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15
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Zhang P, Gao J, Wang X, Wen W, Yang H, Tian Y, Liu N, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Tu Y. A novel indication of thioredoxin-interacting protein as a tumor suppressor gene in malignant glioma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2053-2058. [PMID: 28781647 PMCID: PMC5530178 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma, the most common form of primary brain tumor, is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, owing to the lack of response shown by patients to conventional therapies. Additional therapeutic targets and effective treatment options for these patients are therefore required. In the present study, a possible association of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with malignant glioma was evaluated. Initially, semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of the expression levels of TXNIP in clinical specimens of primary glioma was performed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively, and expression levels were further correlated to the overall survival time of the patients. The proliferative, migratory and invasive properties of the glioblastoma U251 cell line, engineered to downregulate TXNIP by lentiviral transfection of a specific short hairpin RNA, were evaluated by means of in vitro assays. Consequently, IHC and RT-qPCR analysis revealed a negative association between the expression level of TXNIP and the histopathological grade of the tumor. Higher TXNIP expression level was associated with extended patient survival time. In vitro analysis revealed increased growth, migration and invasion in U251 cells with downregulated TXNIP expression compared with their non-transfected counterparts. These findings strongly indicate that TXNIP functions as a tumor suppressor in malignant glioma cells and underscore its potential as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic indicator of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jinxi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weihong Wen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yongji Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Laver T, London CA, Vail DM, Biller BJ, Coy J, Thamm DH. Prospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate in metastatic canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28621057 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious therapies for measurable metastatic canine osteosarcoma (OSA) are generally lacking. Preliminary retrospective studies suggested that approximately 50% of dogs with measurable metastatic OSA experienced clinical benefit (objective response or clinically meaningful disease stabilisation) following toceranib (TOC) treatment. The purpose of this clinical trial was to prospectively evaluate the clinical outcome following TOC treatment in dogs with measurable pulmonary metastatic OSA. A secondary goal was to identify potential biomarkers of clinical benefit by measuring changes in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and circulating regulatory T-cell (Treg) percentage. Twenty-two dogs with pulmonary metastasis from appendicular OSA having undergone previous amputation were treated prospectively with TOC. Adverse events (AEs) were common but predominantly low grade. Nine patients were withdrawn from the study prior to the week 8 assessment of response either due to progressive disease (PD), decreased quality of life or owner perceived unacceptable AEs. Of the patients evaluable for disease progression at week 8 (or earlier), 3/17 (17.6 %) had stable disease with the remainder having PD. The median progression-free survival time for all patients was 57 days (range 7-176 days) with a median overall survival time of 89 days (range 7-574 days). Plasma VEGF concentrations were significantly elevated in patients after 4 weeks of TOC treatment, but no changes were observed in percentage of Treg in peripheral blood. Overall, the results of this clinical trial do not support the use of TOC as single agent therapy for canine metastatic OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Laver
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C A London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - D M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - B J Biller
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J Coy
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - D H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Su J, Cai M, Li W, Hou B, He H, Ling C, Huang T, Liu H, Guo Y. Molecularly Targeted Drugs Plus Radiotherapy and Temozolomide Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Oncol Res 2017; 24:117-28. [PMID: 27296952 PMCID: PMC7838606 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14612603423511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor that nearly always results in a bad prognosis. Temozolomide plus radiotherapy (TEM+RAD) is the most common treatment for newly diagnosed GBM. With the development of molecularly targeted drugs, several clinical trials were reported; however, the efficacy of the treatment remains controversial. So we attempted to measure the dose of the molecularly targeted drug that could improve the prognosis of those patients. The appropriate electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for relevant studies. A meta-analysis was performed after determining which studies met the inclusion criteria. Six randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) were identified for this meta-analysis, comprising 2,637 GBM patients. The benefit of overall survival (OS) was hazard ratio (HZ), 0.936 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.852–1.028]. The benefit with respect to progression-free survival (PFS) rate was HZ of 0.796 (95% CI, 0.701–0.903). OS benefit of cilengitide was HZ of 0.792 (95% CI, 0.642–0.977). The adverse effects higher than grade 3 were 57.7% in the experimental group and 44.1% in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.679; 95% CI, 1.434–1.967). The addition of molecularly targeted drugs to TEM + RAD did not improve the OS of patients with GBM; however, it did improve PFS in patients treated by cilengitide who could not get improvement in OS. The rate of adverse effects was higher in the experimental group than in the placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Carradori D, Gaudin A, Brambilla D, Andrieux K. Application of Nanomedicine to the CNS Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 130:73-113. [PMID: 27678175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is a challenge because of the many mechanisms that protect the brain from the entry of foreign substances. Numerous molecules which could be active against brain disorders are not clinically useful due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver these drugs to the brain. Encapsulation within colloidal systems can allow the passage of nontransportable drugs across this barrier by masking their physicochemical properties. It should be noted that the status of the blood-brain barrier is different depending on the brain disease. In fact, in some pathological situations such as tumors or inflammatory disorders, its permeability is increased allowing very easy translocation of carriers. This chapter gathers the promising results obtained by using nanoparticles as drug delivery systems with the aim to improve the therapy of some CNS diseases such as brain tumor, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The data show that several approaches can be investigated: (1) carrying drug through a permeabilized barrier, (2) crossing the barrier thanks to receptor-mediated transcytosis pathway in order to deliver drug into the brain parenchyma, and also (3) targeting and treating the endothelial cells themselves to preserve locally the brain tissue. The examples given in this chapter contribute to demonstrate that delivering drugs into the brain is one of the most promising applications of nanotechnology in clinical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carradori
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - A Gaudin
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D Brambilla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Andrieux
- Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris-Sorbonne, UTCBS, UMR CNRS 8258, UE1022 INSERM, Paris, France.
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19
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Bocci G, Kerbel RS. Pharmacokinetics of metronomic chemotherapy: a neglected but crucial aspect. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 13:659-673. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Yang J, Li Y, Zhang T, Zhang X. Development of bioactive materials for glioblastoma therapy. Bioact Mater 2016; 1:29-38. [PMID: 29744393 PMCID: PMC5883963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers. Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma, including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier. Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited and applied as the transvascular delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs. They promote site-specific accumulation and long term release of the encapsulated drugs at the tumor sites and reduce side effects with systemic delivery. And the delivery systems exhibit a certain extent of anti-glioblastoma effect and extend the median survival time. However, few of them step into the clinical trials. In this review, we will investigate the recent studies of bioactive materials for glioblastoma chemotherapy, including the inorganic materials, lipids and polymers. These bioactive materials construct diverse delivery vehicles to trigger tumor sites in brain intravenously. Herein, we exploit their functionality in drug delivery and discuss the deficiency for the featured tumors, to provide guidance for establishing optimized therapeutic drug formulation for anti-glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for clinical application. Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited as delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs for glioblastoma chemotherapy. The functionality and deficiency of the bioactive materials are discussed. Combing the chemo- and immunotherapy will provide a promising strategy for glioblastoma therapy and inhibiting recurrence.
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Key Words
- ALA, α-lipoic acid
- BAG3, Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BTB, blood-brain tumor barrier
- Bioactive material
- Blood-brain barrier
- Blood-brain tumor barrier
- CNS, central nervous system
- CPT, camptothecin
- Chemotherapy
- DACHPt, dichloro-(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (II)
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DHA, dehydroascorbic acid
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DPPC, 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- FA, folate
- GCV, ganciclovir
- GLUT1, glucose transporter isoform 1
- Glioblastoma
- IL, interleukin
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- PTX, paclitaxel
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SN38, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin
- TAT, transactivator of transcription
- TEG, tetra(ethylene glycol)
- TMZ, temozolomide
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tianlu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Hong JF, Song YF, Liu Z, Zheng ZC, Chen HJ, Wang SS. Anticancer activity of taraxerol acetate in human glioblastoma cells and a mouse xenograft model via induction of autophagy and apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4541-8. [PMID: 27081915 PMCID: PMC4878554 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer and apoptotic effects of taraxerol acetate in U87 human glioblastoma cells. The effects on cell cycle phase distribution, cell cycle-associated proteins, autophagy, DNA fragmentation and cell migration were assessed. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy was utilized to determine the viability and apoptotic morphological features of the U87 cells. Flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate demonstrated the effect of taraxerol acetate on the cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis induction. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the taraxerol acetate on cell cycle-associated proteins and autophagy-linked LC3B-II proteins. The results demonstrated that taraxerol acetate induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in the U87 cells. Apoptotic induction following taraxerol acetate treatment was observed and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased from 7.3% in the control cells, to 16.1, 44.1 and 76.7% in the 10, 50 and 150 µM taraxerol acetate-treated cells, respectively. Furthermore, taraxerol acetate treatment led to sub-G1 cell cycle arrest with a corresponding decrease in the number of S-phase cells. DNA fragments were observed as a result of the gel electrophoresis experiment following taraxerol acetate treatment. To investigate the inhibitory effects of taraxerol acetate on the migration of U87 cell, a wound healing assay was conducted. The number of cells that migrated to the scratched area decreased significantly following treatment with taraxerol acetate. In addition, taraxerol acetate inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Administration of 0.25 and 0.75 µg/g taraxerol acetate reduced the tumor weight from 1.2 g in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated group (control) to 0.81 and 0.42 g, respectively. Similarly, 0.25 and 0.75 µg/g taraxerol acetate injection reduced the tumor volume from 1.3 cm3 in the PBS-treated group (control) to 0.67 and 0.25 cm3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Fang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Sen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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22
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Zhang Z, Li C, Shang L, Zhang Y, Zou R, Zhan Y, Bi B. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion in U251MG glioblastoma cells. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:235. [PMID: 27026929 PMCID: PMC4771656 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, sulforaphane (SFN) has been seen to demonstrate antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, the viability inhibition effects of SFN in U251MG glioblastoma cells were analyzed by MTS. Morphology changes were observed by microscope. Apoptotic effects of SFN were evaluated by annexin V binding capacity with flow cytometric analysis. Invasion inhibition effects of SFN were tested by the invasion assay. The molecular mechanisms of apoptotic effects and invasion inhibition effects of SFN were detected by western blot and gelatin zymography. The results indicated that SFN has potent apoptotic effects and invasion inhibition effects against U251MG glioblastoma cells. These effects are both dose dependent. Taken together, SFN possessed apoptotic activity on U251MG cells indicated by increased annexin V-binding capacity, Bad, Bax, cytochrome C expression, and decreased Bcl-2 and survivin expressions. SFN inhibited invasion in U251MG cells via upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of MMP-2, MMP-9 and Galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China
| | - Chunliu Li
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China
| | - Li Shang
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | | | - Rong Zou
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100 China
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Sun C, Yu Y, Wang L, Wu B, Xia L, Feng F, Ling Z, Wang S. Additive antiangiogenesis effect of ginsenoside Rg3 with low-dose metronomic temozolomide on rat glioma cells both in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:32. [PMID: 26872471 PMCID: PMC4752767 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. Low-dose,metronomic (LDM) temozolomide (TMZ) displays improved efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma by targeting angiogenesis, but has a limited effect on recurrence. The antiangiogenesis drug ginsenoside Rg3 (RG3) is the main active ingredient of ginseng, a popular herbal medicine. Methods Using an in vitro and a rat model of an orthotopic glioma allograft, this study was to determine whether RG3 enhanced the antiangiogenesis activity of LDM TMZ in the treatment of glioblastoma. Results Our results showed that combined use of TMZ with RG3 displayed additive inhibition on proliferation of both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and rat C6 glioma cells in vitro. They additively arrested cell cycle, increased apoptosis, and decreased VEGF-A and BCL-2 expression in HUVEC. Antiangiogenesis effect was also evaluated in the rat model of orthotopic glioma allograft, based upon markers including relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), VEGF levels and microvessel density (MVD)/CD34 staining. LDM TMZ alone was potent in suppressing angiogenesis and tumor growth, whereas RG3 alone only had modest antiangiogenesis effects. Combined treatment significantly and additively suppressed angiogenesis, without additive inhibitory effects on allografted tumor growth. Conclusions These data provide evidence showing the efficacy of LDM TMZ on glioma treatment. The combined additive antiangiogenesis effect suggests that RG3 has the potential to further increase the efficacy of LDM TMZ in the treatment of glioblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0274-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Shihua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NC, 27157, USA.
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Jungk C, Chatziaslanidou D, Ahmadi R, Capper D, Bermejo JL, Exner J, von Deimling A, Herold-Mende C, Unterberg A. Chemotherapy with BCNU in recurrent glioma: Analysis of clinical outcome and side effects in chemotherapy-naïve patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:81. [PMID: 26865253 PMCID: PMC4748520 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, standardized strategies for the treatment of recurrent glioma are lacking. Chemotherapy with the alkylating agent BCNU (1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-urea) is a therapeutic option even though its efficacy and safety, particularly the risk of pulmonary fibrosis, remains controversial. To address these issues, we performed a retrospective analysis on clinical outcome and side effects of BCNU-based chemotherapy in recurrent glioma. Methods Survival data of 34 mostly chemotherapy-naïve glioblastoma patients treated with BCNU at 1st relapse were compared to 29 untreated control patients, employing a multiple Cox regression model which considered known prognostic factors including MGMT promoter hypermethylation. Additionally, medical records of 163 patients treated with BCNU for recurrent glioma WHO grade II to IV were retrospectively evaluated for BCNU-related side effects classified according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 2.0. Results In recurrent glioblastoma, multiple regression survival analysis revealed a significant benefit of BCNU-based chemotherapy on survival after relapse (p = 0.02; HR = 0.48; 95 % CI = 0.26–0.89) independent of known clinical and molecular prognostic factors. Exploratory analyses suggested that survival benefit was most pronounced in MGMT-hypermethylated, BCNU-treated patients. Moreover, BCNU was well tolerated by 46 % of the 163 patients analyzed for side effects; otherwise, predominantly mild side effects occurred (CTCAE I/II; 45 %). Severe side effects CTCAE III/IV were observed in 9 % of patients including severe hematotoxicity, thromboembolism, intracranial hemorrhage and injection site reaction requiring surgical intervention. One patient presented with a clinically apparent pulmonary fibrosis CTCAE IV requiring temporary mechanical ventilation. Conclusion In this study, BCNU was rarely associated with severe side effects, particularly pulmonary toxicity, and, in case of recurrent glioblastoma, even conferred a favorable outcome. Therefore BCNU appears to be an appropriate alternative to other nitrosoureas although the efficacy against newer drugs needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jungk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Despina Chatziaslanidou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rezvan Ahmadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry & Informatics, University of Heidelberg, INF 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Exner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bumes E, Rzonsa S, Hutterer M, Proescholdt M, Bogdahn U, Riemenschneider MJ, Uhl M, Wendl C, Hau P. Adverse event grading following CTCAE v3.0 underestimates hypertensive side effects in patients with glioma treated with Bevacizumab. J Neurooncol 2016; 127:191-200. [PMID: 26721240 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-2031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-VEGF therapy with Bevacizumab (BEV) is widely used in cases of relapsed high-grade glioma (HGG). Arterial hypertension is a known side effect of anti-VEGF therapy. 42 Patients with relapsed HGG were treated with BEV 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 of 28-day cycles in addition to treatment with 40 mg TMZ daily until disease progression, based on magnetic resonance imaging and/or worsening of clinical status. In a retrospective analysis, hypertensive side effects were evaluated as the primary endpoint, while survival information in addition to toxicity was analyzed as secondary endpoint. Grading which employs the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 detected hypertensive events with a significantly higher sensitivity than CTCAE version 3.0. The rate of severe hypertensive events observed as CTCAE ≥ °3 were 9.5 % in version 3.0 and 45.2 % in version 4.0. The results presented here indicate that CTCAE version 3.0 may underreport the incidence and grade of BEV-induced hypertension within clinical trials. As hypertension has not only long-term, but also severe short-term side effects, we suggest that arterial hypertension under BEV should be scored according to CTCAE version 4.0 to avoid clinically relevant hypertension-related adverse events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bumes
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Rzonsa
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hutterer
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus J Riemenschneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Uhl
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Wendl
- Department of Radiology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University of Regensburg Medical School, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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26
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Wei W, Chen X, Ma X, Wang D, Guo Z. The efficacy and safety of various dose-dense regimens of temozolomide for recurrent high-grade glioma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:339-49. [PMID: 26334318 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this meta-analysis was to identify the temozolomide (TMZ) regimen with optimal efficacy and tolerance for treatment of recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG). The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from the earliest records to February 2015, which identified 33 studies with 1760 participants that met the inclusion criteria. The standard schedule and three most common dose-dense regimens of TMZ therapy for recurrent HGG were included in this meta-analysis. The schedule of 7 days on/7 days off for the treatment of grade IV gliomas was significantly superior to the standard regimen with respect to progression-free survival at 6 months (34.8 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 27.0-43.4 %) and 12 months (15.5 %; 95 % CI 10.7-21.8 %). For grade III gliomas, this regimen conveyed a significantly greater overall survival (OS) rate at 12 months (79.0 %; 95 % CI 56.2-91.7 %), as compared to the standard schedule. Also, the 21 days on/7 days off regimen had significantly longer OS rates at 6 months (73.6 %; 95 % CI 63.4-81.8 %) and 12 months (40.6 %; 95 % CI 32.6-48.6 %) than the standard regimen for grade IV gliomas. In addition, the standard schedule showed a significantly higher clinical benefit rate than the 7 days on/7 days off and 21 days on/7 days off regimens. However, the grade 3-4 toxicity rate of lymphopenia of the standard schedule was 76.5 % (95 % CI 45.5-92.7 %), which was the highest among the four regimens. Recurrent HGG patients receiving personalized treatment should be closely followed up, especially those with concurrent hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ximeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zongze Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Alifieris C, Trafalis DT. Glioblastoma multiforme: Pathogenesis and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:63-82. [PMID: 25944528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Each year, about 5-6 cases out of 100,000 people are diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumors, of which about 80% are malignant gliomas (MGs). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for more than half of MG cases. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite current multimodality treatment efforts including maximal surgical resection if feasible, followed by a combination of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, the median survival is short: only about 15months. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors has presented opportunities for newer therapies to evolve and an expectation of better control of this disease. Lately, efforts have been made to investigate tumor resistance, which results from complex alternate signaling pathways, the existence of glioma stem-cells, the influence of the blood-brain barrier as well as the expression of 0(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. In this paper, we review up-to-date information on MGs treatment including current approaches, novel drug-delivering strategies, molecular targeted agents and immunomodulative treatments, and discuss future treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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29
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Authier A, Farrand KJ, Broadley KW, Ancelet LR, Hunn MK, Stone S, McConnell MJ, Hermans IF. Enhanced immunosuppression by therapy-exposed glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2566-78. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Authier
- Vaccine Research Group; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Wellington 6242 New Zealand
| | - Kathryn J. Farrand
- Vaccine Research Group; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Wellington 6242 New Zealand
| | - Kate W.R. Broadley
- Vaccine Research Group; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Wellington 6242 New Zealand
| | - Lindsay R. Ancelet
- Vaccine Research Group; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Wellington 6242 New Zealand
| | - Martin K. Hunn
- Vaccine Research Group; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Wellington 6242 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Melanie J. McConnell
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Vaccine Research Group; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research; Wellington 6242 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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30
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Hunn MK, Bauer E, Wood CE, Gasser O, Dzhelali M, Ancelet LR, Mester B, Sharples KJ, Findlay MP, Hamilton DA, Hermans IF. Dendritic cell vaccination combined with temozolomide retreatment: results of a phase I trial in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:319-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Yang WB, Xing BZ, Liang H. Comprehensive Analysis of Temozolomide Treatment for Patients with Glioma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8405-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Chang L, Su J, Jia X, Ren H. Treating malignant glioma in Chinese patients: update on temozolomide. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:235-44. [PMID: 24600235 PMCID: PMC3928058 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s41336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma, ie, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor in the People’s Republic of China, and is particularly aggressive. The median survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma is only 12–14 months despite advanced therapeutic strategies. Treatment of malignant glioma consists mainly of surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ), a second-generation oral alkylating agent, is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of malignant glioma in Chinese patients. Since the publication of a study by Stupp et al in 2005, which used a protocol of conventional fractionated irradiation with concomitant TMZ followed by standard TMZ for six cycles, many clinical studies in the People’s Republic of China have demonstrated that such a treatment strategy has significantly improved efficacy with limited side effects for newly diagnosed glioblastoma after surgery as compared with strategies that do not contain TMZ. However, as a relatively new agent, the history and development of TMZ for malignant glioma is not well documented in Chinese patients. Multicenter, randomized controlled trials including appropriately sized patient populations investigating multiple aspects of TMZ therapy and related combination therapies are warranted in patients with malignant glioma. This review provides an update on the efficacy, mechanism of action, adverse reactions, and clinical role of TMZ in the treatment of malignant glioma in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhi Jia
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China ; Key Lab Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China ; Key Lab Infection and Immunity, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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33
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Meco D, Servidei T, Lamorte G, Binda E, Arena V, Riccardi R. Ependymoma stem cells are highly sensitive to temozolomide in vitro and in orthotopic models. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1067-77. [PMID: 24526307 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ependymoma management remains challenging because of the inherent chemoresistance of this tumor. To determine whether ependymoma stem cells (SCs) might contribute to therapy resistance, we investigated the sensitivity of ependymoma SCs to temozolomide and etoposide. METHODS The efficacies of the two DNA damaging agents were explored in two ependymoma SC lines in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS Ependymoma SC lines were highly sensitive to temozolomide and etoposide in vitro, but only temozolomide impaired tumor-initiation properties. Consistently, temozolomide but not etoposide showed significant antitumoral activity on ependymoma SC-driven subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts by reducing the mitotic fraction. In vitro temozolomide at the EC50 (10 µM) induced accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase that was unexpectedly accompanied by downregulation of p27 and p21 without modulation of full-length p53 (FLp53). Differentiation-committed ependymoma SCs acquired resistance to temozolomide. Inhibition of proliferation was partly due to apoptosis, that occurred earlier in differentiated cells as compared to neurospheres. The activation of apoptosis correlated with an increase in p53β/γ isoforms without modulation of FLp53 under both serum-free and differentiation-promoting media. Incubation of cells in both conditions with temozolomide resulted in increased glioneuronal differentiation exhibiting elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein, galactosylceramidase, and βIII-tubulin expression compared to untreated controls. O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) transcript levels were very low in SCs, and were increased by treatment and, epigenetically, by differentiation through MGMT promoter unmethylation. CONCLUSION Ependymoma growth might be impaired by temozolomide through preferential depletion of a less differentiated, more tumorigenic, MGMT-negative cell population with stem-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meco
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Tiziana Servidei
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Lamorte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Elena Binda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
| | - Riccardo Riccardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (D.M., T.S., R.R.); Istituto CSS - Mendel Laboratory, Rome, Italy (G.L.); Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Building U3, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy (E.B.); Institute of Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy (V.A.)
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Miura Y, Takenaka T, Toh K, Wu S, Nishihara H, Kano MR, Ino Y, Nomoto T, Matsumoto Y, Koyama H, Cabral H, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K. Cyclic RGD-linked polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of platinum anticancer drugs to glioblastoma through the blood-brain tumor barrier. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8583-92. [PMID: 24028526 DOI: 10.1021/nn402662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-mediated drug delivery systems have enormous potential for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. In particular, Arg-Gly-Asp peptides are promising ligand molecules for targeting αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins, which are overexpressed in angiogenic sites and tumors, such as intractable human glioblastoma (U87MG). We here achieved highly efficient drug delivery to U87MG tumors by using a platinum anticancer drug-incorporating polymeric micelle (PM) with cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) ligand molecules. Intravital confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the cRGD-linked polymeric micelles (cRGD/m) accumulated rapidly and had high permeability from vessels into the tumor parenchyma compared with the PM having nontargeted ligand, "cyclic-Arg-Ala-Asp" (cRAD). As both cRGD/m- and cRAD-linked polymeric micelles have similar characteristics, including their size, surface charge, and the amount of incorporated drugs, it is likely that the selective and accelerated accumulation of cRGD/m into tumors occurred via an active internalization pathway, possibly transcytosis, thereby producing significant antitumor effects in an orthotopic mouse model of U87MG human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Miura
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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