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Ocal R, Karakurum-Goksel B, Van M, Coskun O, Karaaslan C, Ucler S, Gokcay F, Celebisoy N, Sirin H, Kisabay Ak A, Saritas AS, Cerrahoglu Sirin T, Hasirci Bayir BR, Ekizoglu E, Orhan EK, Bayram D, Tanik N, Bicakci S, Ozturk V, Inan LE, Metin KM, Eren Y, Dora B, Oguz-Akarsu E, Karli N, Celik EU, Atalar AC, Gozubatik Celik RG, Mutluay B, Aydinlar EI, Yalinay Dikmen P, Semercioglu S, Emre U, Buldukoglu OC, Er B, Kilboz BB, Ibis S, Yagiz S, Koklu H, Kamaci I, Aliyeva G, Ates BE, Kara MM, Altunc FZ, Kaya I, Sisman C. Eating attitudes of migraine patients in Turkey: a prospective multi-center study. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 38811875 PMCID: PMC11134734 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a disease characterized by headache attacks. The disease is multifactorial in etiology and genetic and environmental factors play role in pathogenesis. Migraine can also be accompanied by psychiatric disorders like neurotism and obsessive compulsive disorder. Stress, hormonal changes and certain food intake can trigger attacks in migraine. Previous studies showed that eating attitudes and disorders are prevalant in patients with migraine. Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders related to abnormal eating habits. Both migraine and eating disorders are common in young women and personality profiles of these patient groups are also similar. A possible relationship which shows that migraine and eating habits are related can lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and subsequently new therapeutic options on both entities. Association of migraine in relation to severity, depression and anxiety and eating habits and disorders were aimed to be investigated in this study. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective, multi-center, case control study. Twenty-one centers from Turkey was involved in the study. The gathered data was collected and evaluated at a single designated center. From a pool of 1200 migraine patients and 958 healthy control group, two groups as patient group and study group was created with PS matching method in relation to age, body-mass index, marital status and employment status. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to both study groups. The data gathered was compared between two groups. RESULTS EAT-26 scores and the requirement for referral to a psychiatrist due to symptoms related to eating disorder were both statistically significantly higher in patient group compared to control group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Patients with migraine had higher scores in both BDI and BAI compared to control group (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Severity of pain or frequency of attacks were not found to be related to eating attitudes (r:0.09, p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS Migraine patients were found to have higher EAT-26, BDI and BAI scores along with a higher rate of referral to a psychiatrist due to symptoms. Results of the study showed that eating habits are altered in migraine patients with higher risk of eating disorders. Depression and anxiety are also found to be common amongst migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhsen Ocal
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Basak Karakurum-Goksel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baskent University, Turgut Noyan Adana Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mert Van
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Coskun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihad Karaaslan
- Faculty of Mediciene, Department of Neurology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Serap Ucler
- Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Gokcay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nese Celebisoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hadiye Sirin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysin Kisabay Ak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Seyma Saritas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Tuba Cerrahoglu Sirin
- Department of Neurology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buse Rahime Hasirci Bayir
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esme Ekizoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Kocasoy Orhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Bayram
- Department of Neurology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nermin Tanik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Bicakci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Vesile Ozturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Kubra Mehel Metin
- Department of Neurology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Eren
- Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Babur Dora
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emel Oguz-Akarsu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Necdet Karli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emel Ur Celik
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arife Cimen Atalar
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Gokcen Gozubatik Celik
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Prof Dr Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belgin Mutluay
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Prof Dr Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilgaz Aydinlar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Yalinay Dikmen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sencer Semercioglu
- Department of Neurology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Emre
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Cagin Buldukoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Busra Er
- Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Burak Kilboz
- Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seray Ibis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibgetullah Yagiz
- Department of Neurology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huzeyfe Koklu
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kamaci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulshan Aliyeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Elcin Ates
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Muge Mercan Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zehra Altunc
- Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilgin Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cagla Sisman
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Bruyn K, Diekman EF, van der Ley CP, van Faassen M, Kema IP. Simultaneous mass spectrometric quantification of trace amines, their precursors and metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1238:124098. [PMID: 38583227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trace amines are powerful neuromodulators influencing the release and reuptake of catecholamines. These low concentrated endogenous amines impact mood, cognition, and hormone regulation. Dysregulation of trace amines have been associated with a variety of diseases, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, migraine, depression and more. Succesfull simultaneous quantification of trace amines, their precursors and metabolites would benefit both research and patient care. Since these compounds have various functional groups and are present in biological matrices with large concentration difference, their simultaneous quantification is an analytical challenge. Our goal was to develop a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS assay to simultaneously quantify trace amines, their precursors and metabolites in plasma. METHODS Our method is based on a simple two-step in-matrix derivatization protocol: propionic anhydride (PA) and 3-Ethyl-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) in combination with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine (TFEA) followed by online solid phase extraction combined with LC-MS/MS. Fifteen metabolites can be measured simultaneously, three precursors, eight trace amines and four metabolites. Validation of this method was performed according to international validation guidelines. The pre-analytical stability of trace amines was assessed. RESULTS This novel method was successful in quantifying trace amines, their precursors, and metabolites in plasma. Using just 50 µl human plasma, we were able to accomplish limit of quantification for 2-phenylethylamine and N-methyl-phenylethylamine of 0.2 nmol/L and 0.1 nmol/L for tyramine and n-methyltyramine. Inter-and intra-assay imprecision was < 15 % for all analytes. Stability assessment showed susceptibility of certain trace amines e.g. 2-phenylethylamine and N-methyl-phenylethylamine to enzymatic degradation in plasma. The addition of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline to plasma prevented this enzymatic degradation. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel LC-MS/MS method that1) uses a new double derivatization technique, 2) is automated with online SPE, 3) uses far less sample volume then previous methods and 4) detects more components in the same sample (eight trace amines, three precursors, and four metabolites) with high specificity and selectivity. Furthermore, addition of MAO A/B inhibitor prevents degradation and guarantees more accurate quantification of trace amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina de Bruyn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene F Diekman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Claude P van der Ley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
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Sun Y, Xia X, Yuan G, Zhang T, Deng B, Feng X, Wang Q. Stachydrine, a Bioactive Equilibrist for Synephrine, Identified from Four Citrus Chinese Herbs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093813. [PMID: 37175222 PMCID: PMC10180305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Chinese herbs from the Citrus genus, namely Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Aurantii Fructus (Zhiqiao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), are widely used for treating various cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Many ingredients have already been identified from these herbs, and their various bioactivities provide some interpretations for the pharmacological functions of these herbs. However, the complex functions of these herbs imply undisclosed cholinergic activity. To discover some ingredients with cholinergic activity and further clarify possible reasons for the complex pharmacological functions presented by these herbs, depending on the extended structure-activity relationships of cholinergic and anti-cholinergic agents, a simple method was established here for quickly discovering possible choline analogs using a specific TLC method, and then stachydrine and choline were first identified from these Citrus herb decoctions based on their NMR and HRMS data. After this, two TLC scanning (TLCS) methods were first established for the quantitative analyses of stachydrine and choline, and the contents of the two ingredients and synephrine in 39 samples were determined using the valid TLCS and HPLC methods, respectively. The results showed that the contents of stachydrine (3.04‱) were 2.4 times greater than those of synephrine (1.25‱) in Zhiqiao and about one-third to two-thirds of those of Zhishi, Qingpi and Chenpi. Simultaneously, the contents of stachydrine, choline and synephrine in these herbs present similar decreasing trends with the delay of harvest time; e.g., those of stachydrine decrease from 5.16‱ (Zhishi) to 3.04‱ (Zhike) and from 1.98‱ (Qingpi) to 1.68‱ (Chenpi). Differently, the contents of synephrine decrease the fastest, while those of stachydrine decrease the slowest. Based on these results, compared with the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics reported for stachydrine and synephrine, it is indicated that stachydrine can be considered as a bioactive equilibrist for synephrine, especially in the cardio-cerebrovascular protection from these citrus herbs. Additionally, the results confirmed that stachydrine plays an important role in the pharmacological functions of these citrus herbs, especially in dual-directionally regulating the uterus, and in various beneficial effects on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuexue Xia
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ganjun Yuan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tongke Zhang
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Beibei Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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4
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Elusive amines: migraine depends on biochemical abnormalities. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6299-6304. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Biringer RG. Migraine signaling pathways: amino acid metabolites that regulate migraine and predispose migraineurs to headache. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2269-2296. [PMID: 35482233 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common, debilitating disorder for which attacks typically result in a throbbing, pulsating headache. Although much is known about migraine, its complexity renders understanding the complete etiology currently out of reach. However, two important facts are clear, the brain and the metabolism of the migraineur differ from that of the non-migraineur. This review centers on the altered amino acid metabolism in migraineurs and how it helps define the pathology of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gregory Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Silva-Néto RP, de Almeida Soares A, Augusto Carvalho de Vasconcelos C, da Silva Lopes L. Watermelon and others plant foods that trigger headache in migraine patients. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:760-764. [PMID: 33892616 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1922211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Food is already recognized as a trigger for migraine, but its mechanism of action has not been fully clarified. There is evidence that they act on the pathogenesis of migraine, interfering with meningeal inflammation, vasodilation and cerebral glucose metabolism.Aim: The aim of this study was to know which plant foods are triggers for migraine and the latency time for the onset of pain.Method: We interviewed patients with migraine and tension-type headache about plant foods that trigger headache and onset time of the headache. We studied 3,935 migraine patients and 1,163 with tension-type headache.Results: There were headaches triggered by plant foods after 90.5 ± 7.9 minutes of ingestion in 40.3% (1,584/3,935) of migraine patients and none with tension-type headache. Headaches triggered by plant foods intake are distributed in the following order of frequency: watermelon (29.5%), passion fruit (3.73%), orange (2.01%), pineapple (1.52%), grape (0.51%), banana (0.46%), cucumber (0.43%), acerola (0.25%) and papaya (0.25%).Conclusions: Many plant foods, especially watermelon, may trigger headache attacks in migraine patients within a few minutes.
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Grazzi L, Raggi A, D’Amico D, Sansone E, Leonardi M, Andrasik F, Gucciardi A, Guido D, D’Andrea G. A prospective pilot study of the effect on catecholamines of mindfulness training vs pharmacological prophylaxis in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache. Cephalalgia 2018; 39:655-664. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102418801584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim To address whether, in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache, mindfulness-based treatment is associated with changes in plasma levels of catecholamines and elusive amines that are similar to those observed in patients undergoing pharmacological prophylaxis. Methods In this non-randomized, clinic-based effectiveness study, patients aged 18–65, with a history of chronic migraine ≥ 10 years and overuse of triptans or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ≥ 5 years, were enrolled. Upon completion of a structured withdrawal program, patients received either pharmacological prophylaxis or six weekly sessions of mindfulness-based treatment and were followed for 12 months. Daily headache diaries were used to record headache frequency and medication intake; catecholamines (noradrenaline, epinephrine and dopamine) and levels of elusive amines were assayed from poor platelet plasma. Results Complete follow-up data were available for 15 patients in the pharmacological prophylaxis-group (14 females, average age 44.1) and 14 in the mindfulness treatment-group (all females, average age 46.4), and all variables were comparable between groups at baseline. At 12 months, significant improvement ( p < .001) was found in the pharmacological prophylaxis group for headache frequency and medication intake (by 51% and 48.7%, respectively), noradrenaline, epinephrine and dopamine (by 98.7%, 120.8% and 501.9%, respectively); patients in the mindfulness treatment-group performed similarly. For elusive amines, no longitudinal changes were found. Conclusions The similar improvement trends observed in the two groups of patients further support the utility of mindfulness-based treatment in migraine care, and reinforce the hypothesis that alteration and normalization of tyrosine metabolism are implicated in migraine chronification and in remission of chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Grazzi
- Division of Neuroalgology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico D’Amico
- Division of Neuroalgology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sansone
- Division of Neuroalgology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Andrasik
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Davide Guido
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
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Osinga TE, van der Horst-Schrivers ANA, van Faassen M, Kerstens MN, Dullaart RPF, Peters MAM, van der Laan BFAM, de Bock GH, Links TP, Kema IP. Dopamine concentration in blood platelets is elevated in patients with head and neck paragangliomas. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:1395-401. [PMID: 26677887 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), a metabolite of dopamine, is elevated in up to 28% of patients with head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs). As free dopamine is incorporated in circulating platelets, we determined dopamine concentration in platelets in patients with a HNPGL. METHODS A single center cohort study was performed between 2012 and 2014. Thirty-six patients with a HNPGL were compared to healthy controls (68 for dopamine in platelets and 120 for plasma 3-MT). RESULTS Dopamine concentration in platelets was elevated in HNPGL patients compared to healthy controls (median [interquartile ranges] 0.48 [0.32-0.82] pmol/109 platelets vs. 0.31 [0.24-0.47] pmol/109 platelets; p<0.05), whereas plasma 3-MT concentration did not differ between both groups (0.06 [0.06-0.08] nmol/L vs. 0.06 [0.06-0.06] nmol/L; p=0.119). Based on 68 healthy controls, the reference interval for dopamine concentration in platelets was 0.12-0.97 pmol/109 platelets. Six (16.7%) patients with a HNPGL demonstrated an increased dopamine concentration in platelets compared to three (8.3%) patients with an increased plasma 3-MT level (p=0.053). The sensitivity and specificity were 16.7% and 98.5% for platelet dopamine and 8.3% and 97.5% for plasma 3-MT concentration (p=0.37). CONCLUSIONS Dopamine concentration in platelets is elevated in patients with a HNPGL compared to healthy subjects, and may be a novel biomarker for dopamine producing paraganglioma.
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Stuart S, Benton MC, Eccles DA, Sutherland HG, Haupt LM, Lea RA, Griffiths LR. Gene-centric analysis implicates nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein gene variants in migraine susceptibility. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:157-163. [PMID: 28361102 PMCID: PMC5370233 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a common neurological disorder which affects a large proportion of the population. The Norfolk Island population is a genetically isolated population and is an ideal discovery cohort for genetic variants involved in complex disease susceptibility given the reduced genetic and environmental heterogeneity. Given that the majority of proteins responsible for mitochondrial function are nuclear encoded, this study aimed to investigate the role of Nuclear Encoded Mitochondrial Protein (NEMP) genes in relation to migraine susceptibility. Methods A gene‐centric association analysis of NEMP genes was undertaken in the most related individuals (n = 315) within the genetically isolated Norfolk Island population. The discovery phase included genes with three or more SNP associations (P < 0.005), which were investigated further in a replication phase using an unrelated migraine case–control cohort (544 patients and 584 controls). Results The discovery phase of the study implicated SNPs in 5 NEMP genes to be associated with migraine susceptibility (P < 0.005). Replication analysis validated some of these implicated genes with SNPs in three NEMP genes shown to be associated with migraine in the replication cohort. These were CSNK1G3 (P = 0.00037), ELOVL6 (P = 0.00035) and SARDH (P = 0.00081), which are involved in phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and oxidative demethylation, respectively. Conclusion Here we provide evidence that variation in NEMP genes is associated with migraine susceptibility. This study provides evidence for a link between mitochondrial function and migraine susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Stuart
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Miles C Benton
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - David A Eccles
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland 4059 Australia
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an online “teachable moment” intervention to promote healthy eating for overweight and food intolerance symptoms.
Design/methodology/approach
The study involves a 2×2 factorial design with two conditions: group (weight loss vs food intolerance) and condition (intervention vs control). The intervention aimed to generate a “teachable moment” by providing knowledge regarding the relationship between food and the problem (overweight or food intolerance), focussing on the negative aspects of the problem, creating a behavioural model, and encouraging hope and reinvention. Participants receiving the intervention (n=22) completed measures of dietary behaviour and either weight or food intolerance symptoms before receiving the intervention and again one month later. Control participants (n=20) provided measures but did not receive the intervention.
Findings
There were no significant reductions in weight or food intolerance symptoms. However, compared to control participants, participants in the intervention conditions reported greater intentions to eat healthily (p=0.01) and improved healthy eating behaviour over time, following both an intention-to-treat (p=0.046) and explanatory analysis (p=0.042).
Practical implications
Encouraging individuals to perceive their everyday situation as a time for change and adopt healthier behaviour early on, may prevent future diet-related medical events. This has benefits for both the individual and for health care costs.
Originality/value
A quick and easy-to-administer online “teachable moment” intervention improves dietary behaviour and can be minimally adapted to suit individuals with differing health needs.
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Khan MZ, Nawaz W. The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:439-449. [PMID: 27424325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trace amines (TAs) are endogenous compounds, previously almost ignored in human pathology for many reasons (difficulty of their measurement in biological fluids, unknown receptors for elusive amines), are now considered to play a significant role in synaptic transmission within the central nervous system (CNS) acting as neuromodulators. The recent discovery of a novel family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that includes individual members that are highly specific for TAs indicates a potential role for TAs as vertebrate neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, although the majority of these GPCRs so far have not been demonstrated to be activated by TAs. Human trace amine receptors (including TAAR1 TAAR2 TAAR5 TAAR6 TAAR8 TAAR9) are expressed in the brain and play significant physiological and neuropathological roles by activation of trace amines. We herein discuss the recent findings that provide insights into the functional roles of human trace amines (including P-Octopamine, β phenylethylamine, Tryptamine, Tyramine, Synephrine, 3-Iodothyronamine, 3-Methoxytyramine, N-Methyltyramine, N-Methylphenethylamine) in brain. Furthermore, we discuss the known functions of human trace amine receptors in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- School of basic medicine and clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of migraine as well as cluster headache (CH) is yet a debated question. In this review, we discuss the possible role of the of tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of these primary headaches. These include the abnormalities in the synthesis of neurotransmitters: high level of DA, low level of NE and very elevated levels of octopamine and synephrine (neuromodulators) in plasma of episodic migraine without aura and CH patients. We hypothesize that the imbalance between the levels of neurotransmitters and elusive amines synthesis is due to a metabolic shift directing tyrosine toward an increased decarboxylase and reduced hydroxylase enzyme activities. The metabolic shift of the tyrosine is favored by a state of neuronal hyperexcitability and a reduced mitochondrial activity present in migraine. In addition we present biochemical studies performed in chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache patients to verify if the same anomalies of the tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism are present in these primary headaches and, if so, their possible role in the chronicity process of CM and CTTH. The results show that important abnormalities of tyrosine metabolism are present only in CM patients (very high plasma levels of DA, NE and tryptamine). Tryptamine plasma levels were found significantly lower in both CM and CTTH patients. In view of this, we propose that migraine and, possibly, CH attacks derive from neurotransmitter and neuromodulator metabolic abnormalities in a hyperexcitable and hypoenergetic brain that spread from the frontal lobe, downstream, resulting in abnormally activated nuclei of the pain matrix. The low tryptamine plasma levels found in CM and CTTH patients suggest that these two primary chronic headaches are characterized by a common insufficient serotoninergic control of the pain threshold.
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Abstract
Migraine is the most frequent type of headache in children. In the 1980s, scientists first hypothesized a connection between migraine and mitochondrial (mt) disorders. More recent studies have suggested that at least some subtypes of migraine may be related to a mt defect. Different types of evidence support a relationship between mitochondria (mt) and migraine: (1) Biochemical evidence: Abnormal mt function translates into high intracellular penetration of Ca(2+), excessive production of free radicals, and deficient oxidative phosphorylation, which ultimately causes energy failure in neurons and astrocytes, thus triggering migraine mechanisms, including spreading depression. The mt markers of these events are low activity of superoxide dismutase, activation of cytochrome-c oxidase and nitric oxide, high levels of lactate and pyruvate, and low ratios of phosphocreatine-inorganic phosphate and N-acetylaspartate-choline. (2) Morphologic evidence: mt abnormalities have been shown in migraine sufferers, the most characteristic ones being direct observation in muscle biopsy of ragged red and cytochrome-c oxidase-negative fibers, accumulation of subsarcolemmal mt, and demonstration of giant mt with paracrystalline inclusions. (3) Genetic evidence: Recent studies have identified specific mutations responsible for migraine susceptibility. However, the investigation of the mtDNA mutations found in classic mt disorders (mt encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy) has not demonstrated any association. Recently, 2 common mtDNA polymorphisms (16519C→T and 3010G→A) have been associated with pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine. Also, POLG mutations (eg, p.T851 A, p.N468D, p.Y831C, p.G517V, and p.P163S) can cause disease through impaired replication of mtDNA, including migraine. Further studies to investigate the relationship between mtDNA and migraine will require very large sample sizes to obtain statistically significant results. (4) Therapeutic evidence: Several agents that have a positive effect on mt metabolism have shown to be effective in the treatment of migraines. The agents include riboflavin (B2), coenzyme Q10, magnesium, niacin, carnitine, topiramate, and lipoic acid. Further study is warranted to learn how mt interact with other factors to cause migraines. This will facilitate the development of new and more specific treatments that will reduce the frequency or severity or both of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Yorns
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - H Huntley Hardison
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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D'Andrea G, Ostuzzi R, Bolner A, Colavito D, Leon A. Is migraine a risk factor for the occurrence of eating disorders? Prevalence and biochemical evidences. Neurol Sci 2013; 33 Suppl 1:S71-6. [PMID: 22644175 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The eating disorders (ED), anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are severe psychiatric and somatic conditions occurring mainly in young woman. Although the aetiology is largely unknown, same evidences suggest that biological and psychological factors play a relevant role in the pathogenesis, along with monoamine, indole and same hypothalamic hormonal dysfunctions. Migraine is characterized by similar metabolic and psychological anomalies suggesting that a possible relationship exists between the two pathological conditions. To understand the possible relationship between migraine and ED, we have investigated the prevalence of migraine and the other primary headaches in a large group of AN and BN patients. In addition, we have studied the role of tyrosine metabolism in the same group of AN and BN young woman sufferers. In particular, we measured plasma levels of elusive amines: tyramine (Tyr) and octopamine (Oct) and catecholamines: noradrenalin (NE), dopamine (DA). The results of this study show that the prevalence of migraine in the woman affected by ED is very high (<75 %). The levels of Tyr and DA were higher and levels of NE were lower in the ED patients in respect to the control subjects. These biochemical findings suggest that abnormalities of limbic and hypothalamic circuitries play a role in the pathogenesis of ED. The very high prevalence of migraine in our group of ED sufferers and the biochemical profile of migraine, similar to that of ED patients shown in this study, suggest that migraine may constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of ED in young females. This hypothesis is supported by the onset of migraine attacks that initiated, in the majority of the patients, before the occurrence of ED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Andrea
- Biochemistry Laboratory for the Study of Primary Headaches and Neurological Diseases, Research and Innovation SpA, Padova, Italy.
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D'Andrea G, D'Amico D, Bussone G, Bolner A, Aguggia M, Saracco MG, Galloni E, De Riva V, Colavito D, Leon A, Rosteghin V, Perini F. The role of tyrosine metabolism in the pathogenesis of chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 2013; 33:932-7. [PMID: 23493762 DOI: 10.1177/0333102413480755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of chronic migraine (CM) remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that anomalies of tyrosine metabolism, found in migraine without aura (MwwA) patients, play an important role in the transformation of MwwA into CM, since the increase in the number of MwwA attacks is the most predisposing factor for the occurrence of CM. METHODS To test our hypothesis we measured the plasma levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NE) and trace amines, including tyramine (TYR) and octopamine (OCT), in a group of 73 patients with CM, 13 patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and 37 controls followed in the Headache Centers of the Neurology Departments of Asti, Milan and Vicenza hospitals in Italy. RESULTS The plasma levels of DA and NE were several-fold higher in CM patients compared with control subjects ( P > 0.001). The plasma levels of TYR were also extremely elevated ( P > 0.001); furthermore, these levels progressively increased with the duration of the CM. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that altered tyrosine metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CM. The high plasma levels of TYR, a potent agonist of the trace amine associated receptors type 1 (TAAR1), may ultimately down-regulate this receptor because of loss of inhibitory presynaptic regulation, therein resulting in uncontrolled neurotransmitter release. This may produce functional metabolic consequences in the synaptic clefts of the pain matrix implicated in CM.
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D'Andrea G, D'Arrigo A, Dalle Carbonare M, Leon A. Pathogenesis of migraine: role of neuromodulators. Headache 2012; 52:1155-63. [PMID: 22671857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of migraine is still, today, a hotly debated issue. Recent biochemical studies report the occurrence in migraine of metabolic abnormalities in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. These include a metabolic shift directing tyrosine metabolism toward the decarboxylation pathway, therein resulting in an unphysiological production of noradrenaline and dopamine along with increased synthesis of traces amines such as tyramine, octopamine, and synephrine. This biochemical alteration is possibly favored by impaired mitochondrial function and high levels of glutamate in the central nervous system (CNS) of migraine patients. The unbalanced levels of the neurotransmitters (dopamine and noradrenaline) and neuromodulators (eg, tyramine, octopamine, and synephrine) in the synaptic dopaminergic and noradrenergic clefts of the pain matrix pathways may activate, downstream, the trigeminal system that releases calcitonin gene-related peptide. This induces the formation of an inflammatory soup, the sensitization of first trigeminal neuron, and the migraine attack. In view of this, we propose that migraine attacks derive from a top-down dysfunctional process that initiates in the frontal lobe in a hyperexcitable and hypoenergetic brain, thereafter progressing downstream resulting in abnormally activated nuclei of the pain matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Andrea
- Research and Innovation S.p.A., Research Division, Via Svizzera 16, Padua, Italy
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Octopamine, unlike other trace amines, inhibits responses of astroglia-enriched cultures to lipopolysaccharide via a β-adrenoreceptor-mediated mechanism. Neurosci Lett 2012; 517:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Grice ID, Rogers KL, Griffiths LR. Isolation of Bioactive Compounds That Relate to the Anti-Platelet Activity of Cymbopogon ambiguus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:467134. [PMID: 20047890 PMCID: PMC3135635 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infusions and decoctions of Cymbopogon ambiguus have been used traditionally in Australia for the treatment of headache, chest infections and muscle cramps. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify bioactive compounds from C. ambiguus that could explain this plant's anti-headache activity. A dichloromethane extract of C. ambiguus was identified as having activity in adenosine-diphosphate-induced human platelet aggregation and serotonin-release inhibition bioassays. Subsequent fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of four phenylpropenoids, eugenol, elemicin, eugenol methylether and trans-isoelemicin. While both eugenol and elemicin exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet serotonin release, only eugenol displayed potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 46.6 μM, in comparison to aspirin, with an IC50 value of 46.1 μM. These findings provide evidence to support the therapeutic efficacy of C. ambiguus in the non-conventional treatment of headache and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Plate-forme d'imagerie dynamique, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France; Genomics Research Centre, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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D'Andrea G, Leon A. Pathogenesis of migraine: from neurotransmitters to neuromodulators and beyond. Neurol Sci 2010; 31 Suppl 1:S1-7. [PMID: 20464574 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, in this review, we present our hypothesis of the migraine pathogenesis. We believe that migraine attacks derive from a top-down dysfunctional process that initiates in a hyperexcitable and hypoenergetic brain in the frontal lobe and downstream in abnormally activated nuclei of the pain matrix. This hypothesis derived from the results of the biochemical studies, mainly generated from our laboratory, on the possible metabolic shifts of tyrosine toward an activation of decarboxylase enzyme activity with an increased synthesis of traces amines, i.e. tyr, oct and syn, and an unphysiological synthesis of noradrenalin and dopamine. This metabolic shift is possibly favored by the reduced mitochondrial energy and high levels of glutamate in CNS of migraine patients. The unbalanced levels of neurotransmitters (DA and NE) and neuromodulators (tyr, oct and syn) in the synaptic dopaminergic and noradrenergic clefts of the pain matrix may activate, downstream, the trigeminal system that releases calcitonin gene-related G peptide. This induces the formation of an inflammatory soup, the sensitization of first trigeminal neuron and the migraine attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Andrea
- Headache Center of Villa Margherita Neurologic Clinic, 36057, Arcugnano, Vicenza, Italy.
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D'Andrea G, Ostuzzi R, Francesconi F, Musco F, Bolner A, d'Onofrio F, Colavito D. Migraine prevalence in eating disorders and pathophysiological correlations. Neurol Sci 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S55-9. [PMID: 19415427 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-009-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The eating disorders (ED): anorexia nervosa (AN) and Bulimia nervosa (BN) are severe psychiatric and somatic conditions occurring mainly in young woman. Although the etiology is largely unknown, same evidences suggest that biological and psychological factors play a relevant role in the pathogenesis, along with monoamine, indole and same hypothalamic hormonal dysfunctions. Migraine is characterized by similar metabolic and psychological anomalies suggesting that a possible relationship exists between the two pathological conditions. In order to understand the possible relationship between migraine and ED, we have investigated the prevalence of migraine and the other primary headaches in a large group of AN and BN patients. In addition, we have studied the role of tyrosine metabolism in the same group of AN and BN young woman sufferers. In particular, we measured plasma levels of elusive amines: tyramine (Tyr) and octopamine (Oct) and catecholamines: noradrenalin (NE), dopamine (DA). The results of this study show that the prevalence of migraine in the woman affected be EA is very high (>75%). The levels of Tyr and DA were higher and levels of NE were lower in the ED patients with respect to the control subject. These biochemical findings suggest that abnormalities of limbic and hypothalamic circuitries play a role in the pathogenesis of ED. The very high prevalence of migraine in our group of ED sufferers and the biochemical profile of migraine, similar to that ED patients have shown in this study, suggest that migraine may constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of ED in the young females. This hypothesis is supported by the onset of migraine attacks that initiated, in the majority of the patients, before the occurrence of ED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Andrea
- Headache and Cerebrovascular Center, Villa Margherita Neurology Clinic, Arcugnano, 36057, Vicenza, Italy.
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Study of tyrosine metabolism in eating disorders. Possible correlation with migraine. Neurol Sci 2008; 29 Suppl 1:S88-92. [PMID: 18545905 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-008-0895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the possible role of tyrosine metabolism and in particular that of elusive amines in the pathogenesis of eating disorders (ED), we measured the plasma levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, tyramine (Tyr) and octopamine (Oct) in a large group of anorexic and bulimic patients. In comparison to the control group, the levels of nordrenaline were significantly lower and those of dopamine and Tyr higher in the ED patients. The plasma levels of Oct were in the same range in both subject groups. However when comparing the bulimic vs. the anorexic group, the Oct levels were significantly lower in the anorexic group, whereas those of Tyr were significantly higher in the bulimic patients, suggesting that different activation in the metabolism of elusive amines may underlie the shift from the anorexic into the bulimic state. These biochemical findings raise the possibility that abnormalities of the limbic and hypothalamic circuitries play a role in the pathogenesis of ED. In addition, the very high prevalence of migraine (>75%) in our group of ED sufferers, and the biochemical profile(s) reported in migraine, which appear similar to that found in ED patients, suggest that migraine constitutes a risk factor for the occurrence of ED in young females.
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Determination of para-synephrine and meta-synephrine positional isomers in bitter orange-containing dietary supplements by LC/UV and LC/MS/MS. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Migraine with Atypical Aura in the Recovery Room: A Sometimes Complicated Diagnosis! Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1844-6. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31816d145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Meyer EL, Marcus C, Waldenlind E. Nocturnal secretion of growth hormone, noradrenaline, cortisol and insulin in cluster headache remission. Cephalalgia 2007; 27:912-9. [PMID: 17645758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown decreased, nocturnal lipolysis in both phases of cluster headache (CH). Lipolysis is stimulated by noradrenaline (NA), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol, and inhibited by insulin, hormones which are directly or indirectly regulated by the hypothalamus. Our aim was to investigate the nocturnal secretion of NA, GH, cortisol and insulin in nine CH patients in remission and 10 healthy controls. Nocturnal venous blood samples were collected in hourly intervals for analysis of NA, cortisol and insulin and in 30-min intervals for GH. We found a reduced increase in GH between 24.00 h and 01.00 h (anova, P < 0.05) in CH patients. Nocturnal secretion of NA, cortisol and insulin did not differ significantly between the groups. The altered nocturnal GH pattern that was seen in CH patients in remission might in part explain the altered nocturnal lipolysis previously found and further indicate a permanent hypothalamic disturbance in CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Meyer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience K8, Division of Neurology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Reese EA, Bunzow JR, Arttamangkul S, Sonders MS, Grandy DK. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 displays species-dependent stereoselectivity for isomers of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and para-hydroxyamphetamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:178-86. [PMID: 17218486 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic amines methamphetamine (METH), amphetamine (AMPH), and their metabolite para-hydroxyamphetamine (POHA) are chemically and structurally related to the catecholamine neurotransmitters and a small group of endogenous biogenic amines collectively referred to as the trace amines (TAs). Recently, it was reported that METH, AMPH, POHA, and the TAs para-tyramine (TYR) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) stimulate cAMP production in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells expressing rat trace amine-associated receptor 1 (rTAAR1). The discovery that METH and AMPH activate the rTAAR1 motivated us to study the effect of these drugs on the mouse TAAR1 (mTAAR1) and a human-rat chimera (hrChTAAR1). Furthermore, because S-(+)-isomers of METH and AMPH are reported to be more potent and efficacious in vivo than R-(-), we determined the enantiomeric selectivity of all three species of TAAR1. In response to METH, AMPH, or POHA exposure, the accumulation of cAMP by HEK-293 cells stably expressing different species of TAAR1 was concentration- and isomer-dependent. EC50 values for S-(+)-METH were 0.89, 0.92, and 4.44 microM for rTAAR1, mTAAR1, and h-rChTAAR1, respectively. PEA was a potent and full agonist at each species of TAAR1, whereas TYR was a full agonist for the rodent TAAR1s but was a partial agonist at h-rChTAAR1. Interestingly, both isomers of METH were full agonists at mTAAR1 and h-rChTAAR1, whereas both were partial agonists at rTAAR1. Taken together, these in vitro results suggest that, in vivo, TAAR1 could be a novel mediator of the effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Reese
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
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