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Schechtman RC, Falcão EMM, Carard M, García MSC, Mercado DS, Hay RJ. Sporotrichosis: hyperendemic by zoonotic transmission, with atypical presentations, hypersensitivity reactions and greater severity. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:1-13. [PMID: 34893422 PMCID: PMC8799859 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, an alarming increase in the number of sporotrichosis cases has been reported in southern and southeastern Brazil, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro, has been considered a long-term hyperendemic condition associated with feline transmission. According to phenotypic classifications, the Sporothrix species recovered from cats were classified as S. brasiliensis in 96.5% of the studied cases. This finding has also been demonstrated in humans, which confirms the zoonotic transmission associated with this predominant species in Brazil. The zoonotic transmission of the fungus and its important virulence in the context of the hyperendemic situation in Rio de Janeiro have changed the approach to the disease, which in its classic form was restricted to certain professional groups and very specific regions in the Brazilian territory, into a public health challenge of scientific interest. Its atypical manifestations and hypersensitivity reactions are increasingly frequent, constituting a new sporotrichosis aspect, which deserves attention from the medical community, as well as from other health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Casz Schechtman
- Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Marciela Carard
- Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Salomé Cajas García
- Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diana Stohmann Mercado
- Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roderick James Hay
- International Foundation of Dermatology, University of London, London, UK
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Chang MJ, Qiu Y, Lipner SR. Race reporting and representation in onychomycosis clinical trials: A systematic review. Mycoses 2021; 64:954-966. [PMID: 33655595 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease seen in clinical practice. Inclusion of diverse groups in onychomycosis clinical trials subjects is necessary to generalise efficacy data. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically review race and ethnicity reporting and representation, as well as, treatment outcomes in onychomycosis clinical trials. METHODS A PubMed search for onychomycosis clinical trials was performed in August 2020. Primary clinical trial data were included and post hoc analyses were excluded. Categorical variables were compared using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Photos in articles were categorised by Fitzpatrick skin type. RESULTS Only 32/182 (17.5%) trials reported on race and/or ethnicity and only one trial compared treatment efficacy in different subgroups. Darker skin colours were infrequently depicted in articles. Topical treatment, location with ≥1 US-based site, industry funding type and publication date after 2000 were significantly associated with reporting of racial/ethnic data (p < .05 for all comparisons). LIMITATIONS Demographics on excluded subjects and methods of recruitment were not available. Assigning Fitzpatrick skin type is inherently subjective. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a need for consistent reporting of races and ethnicities of onychomycosis clinical trial participants with subgroup analyses of treatment efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Giuffrida R, Caradonna E, Borgia F, Bartolotta A, Cannavò SP. Pulse itraconazole in the treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: A case report from Southern Italy and review of the literature. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13716. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine—Dermatology University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Emanuela Caradonna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine—Dermatology University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine—Dermatology University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Annunziata Bartolotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine—Dermatology University of Messina Messina Italy
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Viana PG, Figueiredo ABF, Gremião IDF, de Miranda LHM, da Silva Antonio IM, Boechat JS, de Sá Machado AC, de Oliveira MME, Pereira SA. Successful Treatment of Canine Sporotrichosis with Terbinafine: Case Reports and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2017; 183:471-478. [PMID: 29222709 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis occurs worldwide, and the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is a main endemic area, with a large number of human and animal cases in the last 19 years. This mycosis is more frequently described in cats rather than in dogs. There are a limited number of oral antifungal agents for the treatment of sporotrichosis in animals. In this context, the effectiveness of terbinafine in the treatment of sporotrichosis in humans, as well as the promising results of in vitro susceptibility tests, inspired us to use this drug in the therapy of this mycosis in dogs. We reported for the first time the use of terbinafine in the treatment of two dogs with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Moreover, we provided an overview of therapeutic features of canine sporotrichosis cases reported since the 1960s. One of the dogs presented the fixed cutaneous form of the disease, while the other patient presented hyperemia of the nasal mucosa and respiratory signs only. Terbinafine showed high antifungal activity in vitro against the canine Sporothrix isolates. The dogs were successfully treated with terbinafine, with remission of all clinical signs initially presented. The current reports indicate that this drug can emerge as a therapeutic option for canine sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Anna Barreto Fernandes Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luisa Helena Monteiro de Miranda
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria da Silva Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Sepulveda Boechat
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline de Sá Machado
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Manoel Marques Evangelista de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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Orofino-Costa R, de Macedo PM, Rodrigues AM, Bernardes-Engemann AR. Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:606-620. [PMID: 29166494 PMCID: PMC5674690 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.2017279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the late 90's there was a change in both the route of transmission and the people at risk for sporotrichosis. This zoonotic cat-man alternative transmission route elicited changes in strategies to control the epidemic. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases involving especially children and the elderly. In addition to becoming hyperendemic, uncommon clinical pictures like immunoreactive clinical presentations or severe systemic cases have emerged. New species were identified and classified through molecular tools using more virulent clinical isolates, like S. brasiliensis, compared to the environmental isolates. Likewise, different species of Sporothrix have been associated with different geographic regions. The serological and molecular techniques are used as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and/or for species identification, although the isolation and the identification of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimen is still the gold standard. Currently sporotrichosis epidemics requires the knowledge of the epidemiological-molecular profile to control the disease and the specific treatment. Itraconazole, potassium iodide, terfinafine, and amphotericin B are the available drugs in Brazil to treat sporotrichosis. The drug of choice, its posology, and treatment duration vary according to the clinical presentation, the Sporothrix species, and host immune status. New treatment choices, including a vaccine, are being developed; nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Orofino-Costa
- Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Ciências
Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Dermatology Department, Hospital
Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Infectious Dermatology Clinical Research Laboratory, Instituto
Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
(INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogen, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP,
Brazil
| | - Andréa Reis Bernardes-Engemann
- Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Ciências
Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Dermatology Department, Hospital
Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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de Almeida JRF, Santiago KL, Kaihami GH, Maranhão AQ, de Macedo Brígido M, de Almeida SR. The Efficacy of Humanized Antibody against the Sporothrix Antigen, gp70, in Promoting Phagocytosis and Reducing Disease Burden. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:345. [PMID: 28316596 PMCID: PMC5334357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis distributed worldwide and is frequently reported in countries with tropical climates, as Latin America countries. We previously demonstrated that mice with sporotrichosis produce specific antibodies against a 70-kDa fungal protein, indicating that specific antibodies against this molecule may help to control the sporotrichosis. IgG1 monoclonal antibody was generated, and called mAbP6E7, in mice against a 70-kDa glycoprotein (gp70) of S. schenckii. The mAbP6E7 showed prophylactic and therapeutic activity against sporotrichosis. However, this antibody has a murine origin, and this can generate an immune response when administered to humans, precluding its use for a prolonged time. For its possible use in the treatment of human sporotrichosis, we humanized the mAbP6E7 by genetic engineering. Once expressed, the humanized antibodies had good stability and were able to bind to the 70-kDa cell wall antigens of Sporothrix schenckii and S. brasiliensis. The humanized P6E7 were able to opsonize S. schenckii yeasts, thus increasing the phagocytic index in human monocyte-derived macrophages. The treatment with humanized P6E7 decreased fungal burden in vivo. These data suggest that humanized P6E7 may have a therapeutic role in sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R F de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla L Santiago
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto H Kaihami
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Q Maranhão
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Macedo Brígido
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sandro R de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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A Lesion on the Ear Resulting From Infection Acquired in the Tropics. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Arenas-Soto C, Téllez-Kling A, Alvarado-Álvarez Z. Lesión infecciosa del pabellón auricular en el trópico. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:599-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Orofino-Costa R, de Macedo PM, Bernardes-Engemann AR. Hyperendemia of Sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Southeast: Learning From Clinics and Therapeutics. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-015-0235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Sporotrichosis: an overview and therapeutic options. Dermatol Res Pract 2014; 2014:272376. [PMID: 25614735 PMCID: PMC4295339 DOI: 10.1155/2014/272376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a chronic granulomatous mycotic infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, a common saprophyte of soil, decaying wood, hay, and sphagnum moss, that is endemic in tropical/subtropical areas. The recent phylogenetic studies have delineated the geographic distribution of multiple distinct Sporothrix species causing sporotrichosis. It characteristically involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue following traumatic inoculation of the pathogen. After a variable incubation period, progressively enlarging papulo-nodule at the inoculation site develops that may ulcerate (fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis) or multiple nodules appear proximally along lymphatics (lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis). Osteoarticular sporotrichosis or primary pulmonary sporotrichosis are rare and occur from direct inoculation or inhalation of conidia, respectively. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis or involvement of multiple visceral organs, particularly the central nervous system, occurs most commonly in persons with immunosuppression. Saturated solution of potassium iodide remains a first line treatment choice for uncomplicated cutaneous sporotrichosis in resource poor countries but itraconazole is currently used/recommended for the treatment of all forms of sporotrichosis. Terbinafine has been observed to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Amphotericin B is used initially for the treatment of severe, systemic disease, during pregnancy and in immunosuppressed patients until recovery, then followed by itraconazole for the rest of the therapy.
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis: What Are the Options? CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-013-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Almeida SR. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody for sporotrichosis. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:409. [PMID: 23226146 PMCID: PMC3508404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis that affects both humans and animals worldwide. This subcutaneous mycosis had been attributed to a single etiological agent, Sporothrix schenckii. S. schenckii exhibits considerable genetic variability, and recently, it was suggested that this taxon consists of a complex of species. Sporotrichosis is caused by traumatic inoculation of the fungus, which is a ubiquitous environmental saprophyte that can be isolated from soil and plant debris. The infection is limited to cutaneous forms, but recently, more severe clinical forms of this mycosis have been described, especially among immunocompromised individuals. The immunological mechanisms involved in the prevention and control of sporotrichosis are not well understood. Some studies suggest that cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in protecting the host against S. schenckii. In contrast, the role of the humoral immune response in protection against this fungus has not been studied in detail. In a previous study, we showed that antigens secreted by S. schenckii induced a specific humoral response in infected animals, primarily against a 70-kDa molecule, indicating a possible role of specific antibodies against this molecule in infection control. In another study by our group, we produced a mAb against a 70-kDa glycoprotein of S. schenckii to better understand the effect of the passive immunization of mice infected with S. schenckii. The results showed a significant reduction in the number of CFUs in various mice organs when the mAb was injected before or during S. schenckii infection. Similar results were observed when T-cell-deficient mice were used. The drugs of choice in the treatment of sporotrichosis require long periods, and relapses are frequently observed, primarily in immunocompromised patients. The strong protection induced by the mAb against a 70-kDa glycoprotein makes it a strong candidate as a therapeutic vaccine against sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro R Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Subcutaneous mycoses are common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These infections have multiple features in common, including similar epidemiology, mode of transmission, indolent chronic presentation with low potential for dissemination in immunocompetent hosts, and pyogranulomatous lesions on histopathology. Herein, we provide up-to-date epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data for three important subcutaneous mycoses: chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M La Hoz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, Tinsley Harrison Tower 229, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
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Berger DJ, Lewis TP, Schick AE, Stone RT. Comparison of once-daily versus twice-weekly terbinafine administration for the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis - a pilot study. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:418-e79. [PMID: 22823935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal, is used in pulsatile dose regimens for superficial mycoses in human medicine. OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical efficacy of twice-weekly versus once-daily terbinafine administration to determine whether preliminary proof-of-concept evidence exists for pulsatile administration of terbinafine in the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis and to determine whether twice-weekly treatment results in fewer clinical and owner-perceived adverse events. ANIMALS Twenty client-owned dogs with Malassezia dermatitis. METHODS In this randomized, single-blinded clinical trial, dogs were randomly assigned to receive terbinafine (30 mg/kg) either once daily for 21 days (n = 10) or once daily on two consecutive days per week for six doses (n = 10). On day 0 and day 21, a mean yeast count was calculated from eight anatomical locations via adhesive tape-strip cytology, clinical lesion scores were assigned to the same locations, and owners assessed pruritus using a visual analog scale. RESULTS There was no significant difference between treatment groups with respect to the reduction in mean yeast count (P = 0.343) and clinical lesion scores (P = 0.887). Pruritus measured by visual analog scale was significantly decreased in the twice-weekly treatment group compared with the daily treatment group (P = 0.047). Seven of 20 dogs had a clinically measurable or owner-reported adverse event during treatment that included gastrointestinal disturbances, excessive panting and elevated hepatic enzymes, with no significant difference noted between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This pilot study indicates that twice-weekly terbinafine administration may be an effective alternative treatment for canine Malassezia dermatitis and merits further investigation.
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Lorente-Lavirgen AI, Bernabeu-Wittel J, Gómez Gómez MJ, Conejo-Mir J. Placa eritematodescamativa con exudación en codo de 1 año de evolución. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:99-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Song Y, Li SS, Zhong SX, Liu YY, Yao L, Huo SS. Report of 457 sporotrichosis cases from Jilin province, northeast China, a serious endemic region. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 27:313-8. [PMID: 22176524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most reported sporotrichosis cases came from South American countries, the USA, India and Japan. This mycosis is also endemic in Northeast China. However, the situation is not clear for international researchers due to lack of large series reported in English. OBJECTIVES To report and analyse 457 sporotrichosis cases. METHODS Retrospective study of 457 cases of sporotrichosis diagnosed by fungal culture at the First Hospital of Jilin University from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2009. RESULTS In this series, the male: female ratio was 1:1.42. Mean age was 41.2 years. Cases from age group 51-60 years accounted for most of the cases (22.54%). A total of 434 patients lived in rural areas (94.97%). The onset of symptoms in 67.61% cases happened in cold seasons (winter and spring). History of trauma presented in 133 cases (29.1%). The mean duration of the symptoms before the presentation was 6.41 months. A total of 190 (41.58%) showed lymphocutaneous form, 252 patients (55.14%) showed fixed form, 8 patients (1.75%) showed disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis and the clinical form of 7 patients (1.53%) could not be defined. Extremities and nodules were the most frequently involved sites and founded manifestation. Main histopathology findings were suppurative granuloma, tuberculoid granuloma and mixed inflammatory granuloma. A total of 75 cases (19.74%) had fungal elements revealed by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. Patients responded well to potassium iodide (KI), itraconazole, terbinafine and combinations of these agents with a mean course of 2.17 months to resolve. CONCLUSION As the first report of a large series of sporotrichosis cases from China to be published in English literature, our study indicated a serious sporotrichosis endemic situation in Jilin province, Northeast China, with epidemiological and clinical characteristics similar to those of previous Chinese reports, but different from those in other countries. KI, itraconazole and terbinafine are effective for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Abstract
Sporotrichosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, is currently distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Certain leisure and occupational activities, such as floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or in small outbreaks. Since the end of the 1990s there has been an epidemic of sporotrichosis associated with transmission by cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases have been reported. In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture. However, serological, histopathological, and molecular approaches have been recently adopted as auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of this mycotic infection. The first-choice treatment for both humans and cats is itraconazole.
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Francesconi G, Francesconi do Valle AC, Passos SL, de Lima Barros MB, de Almeida Paes R, Curi ALL, Liporage J, Porto CF, Galhardo MCG. Comparative Study of 250 mg/day Terbinafine and 100 mg/day Itraconazole for the Treatment of Cutaneous Sporotrichosis. Mycopathologia 2010; 171:349-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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