1
|
Ma R, Li C, Gao A, Jiang N, Feng X, Li J, Hu W. Evidence-practice gap analysis in the role of tick in brucellosis transmission: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:3. [PMID: 38191468 PMCID: PMC10773131 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonotic affliction instigated by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella and is characterized by a diverse range of pervasiveness, multiple transmission routes, and serious hazards. It is imperative to amalgamate the current knowledge and identify gaps pertaining to the role of ticks in brucellosis transmission. METHODS We systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, Google Scholar, and PubMed on the topic published until April 23, 2022. The procedure was performed in accordance with the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The selected articles were categorized across three major topic areas, and the potential data was extracted to describe evidence-practice gaps by two reviewers. RESULTS The search identified 83 eligible studies for the final analyses. The results highlighted the potential capacity of ticks in brucellosis transmission as evidenced by the detection of Brucella in 16 different tick species. The pooled overall prevalence of Brucella in ticks was 33.87% (range: 0.00-87.80%). The review also revealed the capability of Brucella to circulate in parasitic ticks' different developmental stages, thus posing a potential threat to animal and human health. Empirical evidence from in vitro rodent infection experiments has revealed that ticks possess the capability to transmit Brucella to uninfected animals (range: 45.00-80.00%). Moreover, significant epidemiological associations have been found between the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and tick control in rangelands, which further suggests that ticks may serve as potential vectors for brucellosis transmission in ruminants. Notably, a mere three cases of human brucellosis resulting from potential tick bites were identified in search of global clinical case reports from 1963 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to improve the techniques used to identify Brucella in ticks, particularly by developing a novel, efficient, precise approach that can be applied in a field setting. Furthermore, due to the lack of adequate evidence of tick-borne brucellosis, it is essential to integrate various disciplines, including experimental animal science, epidemiology, molecular genetics, and others, to better understand the efficacy of tick-borne brucellosis. By amalgamating multiple disciplines, we can enhance our comprehension and proficiency in tackling tick-borne brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Chunfu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ai Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Na Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China.
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 20025, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medical, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medical, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Li M, Liu G, He J, Liu Y, Chen X, Tu Y, Lin J, Feng Y, Xia X. A novel, highly sensitive, one-tube nested quantitative real-time PCR for Brucella in human blood samples. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0058223. [PMID: 37791776 PMCID: PMC10714840 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00582-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study developed a highly sensitive and efficient method for the detection of brucellosis by introducing a one-tube nested quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) approach, representing a remarkable advance in the field. The method demonstrated an impressive analytical sensitivity of 100 fg/μL, surpassing conventional qPCR and enabling the detection of even low levels of Brucella DNA. In addition, the study's comprehensive evaluation of 250 clinical samples revealed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 98.6%, underscoring its reliability and accuracy. Most importantly, the new method significantly improved the detection rate of low-burden samples, reducing cycle threshold values by an average of 6.4. These results underscore the immense potential of this approach to facilitate rapid and accurate brucellosis diagnosis, which is critical for effective disease management and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gaowen Liu
- Yunnan Kecan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Kunming, China
| | - Jian He
- The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan SCISPARK Genetic Testing Lab, Yunnan SCISPARK Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Kunming, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yungui Tu
- The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Lin
- The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Song Z, Ta N, Tian G, Yang X, Zhao H, Piao D, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Development and evaluation of a droplet digital PCR assay to detect Brucella in human whole blood. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011367. [PMID: 37267228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of domestic animal husbandry, the spread of brucellosis has accelerated, and the scope of the epidemic has expanded. The timely and accurate diagnosis of human brucellosis continues to challenge clinicians in endemic areas. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology can quickly and accurately determine DNA load in samples, providing laboratory evidence for diagnosis, prognosis and management of brucellosis patients. In this study, a ddPCR method was established to accurately quantify Brucella DNA load in whole blood samples, and its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value for human brucellosis was evaluated. METHODS Annealing temperature, primers, and probe targeting the Brucella bcsp31 gene were optimised, and the sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of the ddPCR assay were assessed using 94 whole blood samples from 61 confirmed and 33 suspected cases. Results were compared with those of quantitative PCR (qPCR). Nine follow-up brucellosis patients were also analysed by the two methods after 2 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Optimal primer and probe concentrations were 800 nmol/L and 400 nmol/L, respectively, and the optimal annealing temperature was 55.3 °C. The ddPCR results showed that the limit of detection was 1.87 copies per reaction, with high repeatability. The positive rates for ddPCR and qPCR were 88.5% and 75.4% among 61 serum agglutination test (SAT) positive patients. In addition, 57.6% (19/33) of suspected sero-negative samples were positive by ddPCR, but only 36.3% (12/33) were positive by qPCR. Analysis of nine post-therapy follow-up brucellosis patients revealed that the Brucella DNA load in the whole blood samples decreased after 2 and 6 months of treatment, and was slightly increased following relapse and continuous exposure. CONCLUSION The ddPCR assay showed good accuracy for whole blood samples, and could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for detecting Brucella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Wengniute Banner Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhichun Song
- Wengniute Banner Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Na Ta
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guozhong Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongri Piao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracing and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dorneles EMS, Santana JA, Costa ACTRB, Júnior DGJ, Heinemann MB, Lage AP. Equine brucellosis: current understanding and challenges. J Equine Vet Sci 2023:104298. [PMID: 37072072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis in equines, including horses, donkeys, and mules, is characterized by abscesses in tendons, bursae, and joints. Reproductive disorders, which are common in other animals, are rare in both males and females. Joint breeding of horses, cattle, and pigs was found as the main risk factor for equine brucellosis, with the transmission from equines to cattle or among equines possible, although unlikely. Hence, evaluation of the disease in equines can be considered an indirect indicator of the effectiveness of brucellosis control measures employed for other domestic species. Generally, the disease in equines reflects disease status in the sympatric domestic species, mainly cattle. It is important to note that in equines, the disease has no validated diagnostic test, which limits the interpretation of available data. Finally, it is important to mention that equines also represent significant Brucella spp. infection sources for humans. Considering the zoonotic aspect of brucellosis, the significant losses due to infection, and the representativeness of horses, mules, and donkeys in the society, as well as the continuous efforts to control and eradicate the disease in livestock, in this review, we covered the various aspects of brucellosis in equines and compile the sparse and diffuse information on the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais. Caixa Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Jordana Almeida Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha da, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais. Caixa Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo Guedes Junqueira Júnior
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha da, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. Butantã. São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha da, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil..
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Milton AAP, Momin KM, Srinivas K, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Das S, Shakuntala I, Sen A, Baruah KK. Development of a novel visual isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Brucella spp. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 207:106695. [PMID: 36889600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an economically important livestock disease worldwide besides having a noteworthy impact on human health. In this study, a rapid, simple, and ultra-sensitive nuclei-acid diagnostic technique was developed for the detection of brucellosis harnessing saltatory rolling circle amplification (SRCA). The diagnostic method was developed using World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) approved primers targeting the bcsp31 gene of the Brucella genome. The assay can be accomplished within 90 min at a temperature of 65 °C without the requirement of sophisticated instrumentation. The result interpretation can be done with the naked eye with the aid of SYBR green dye. The developed technique displayed 100% specificity by amplifying only 10 reference and field strains of Brucella spp. and there was no cross-reactivity with the other tested pathogens. The lower limit of detections of SRCA and end-point PCR assays were 9.7 fg/μL (2.7 genome copies of Brucella) and 970 fg/μL, respectively. Thus, the developed SRCA assay was found to be 100× more sensitive than the end-point PCR assay. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first one to develop an SRCA-based assay for the detection of brucellosis and it can be a diagnostic tool for resource-constrained laboratories and veterinary hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arun Prince Milton
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
| | - K M Momin
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K Srinivas
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G Bhuvana Priya
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - I Shakuntala
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Jalukie, Nagaland, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K K Baruah
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Santos RL, Souza TD, Mol JPS, Eckstein C, Paíxão TA. Canine Brucellosis: An Update. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:594291. [PMID: 33738302 PMCID: PMC7962550 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.594291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Brucella canis, which has been reported worldwide, and is a major public health concern due to close contact between dogs and humans. In dogs, canine brucellosis manifests with abortion outbreaks, reproductive failure, enlargement of lymph nodes, and occasionally affects the osteoarticular system, although the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in dogs are not uncommon. In humans, the disease is associated with a febrile syndrome, commonly with non-specific symptoms including splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. Infection of dogs occurs mostly by the oronasal route when in contact with contaminated tissues such as aborted fetuses, semen, urine, and vaginal secretions. In humans, contact with contaminated fluids from infected dogs is an important source of infection, and it is an occupational risk for veterinarians, breeders, laboratory workers, among other professionals who deal with infected animals or biological samples. The diagnosis in dogs is largely based on serologic methods. However, serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis remains very challenging due to the low accuracy of available tests. Molecular diagnostic methods have been increasingly used in the past few years. Treatment of infected dogs is associated with a high frequency of relapse, and should be employed only in selected cases. Currently there are no commercially available vaccines for prevention of canine brucellosis. Therefore, development of novel and improved diagnostic methods as well as the development of efficacious and safe vaccination protocols are needed for an effective control of canine brucellosis and its associated zoonotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tayse D Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P S Mol
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Eckstein
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paíxão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moeini-Zanjani A, Pournajaf A, Ferdosi-Shahandashti E, Gholami M, Masjedian F, Khafri S, Rajabnia R. Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification and conventional PCR tests for diagnosis of common Brucella species. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:533. [PMID: 33187548 PMCID: PMC7666441 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid, reliable, and affordable detection of Brucella species via the molecular methods remains a challenge. In recent years, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a functional nucleic acid amplification technique offering a substitute to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). So, we compared the LAMP assay with the conventional PCR for the identification of common Brucella species in Iran. In this study, LAMP assay was comprehensively evaluated against the common PCR method. A group of specific LAMP primers were used to amplify a highly specific fragment from the sequence of the Brucella abortus, bcsp31 gene. Sensitivity and specificity values of tests were done with a set of 78 (50 Brucella and 28 non-Brucella) strains. RESULTS A dilution series of B. abortus DNA indicated that the LAMP reaction could reliably detect 10 (fg/µl) DNA target copies per reaction within 36 min, which is 10 times greater than the PCR assay. In summary, we conclude that LAMP assay provide accurate and fast test results to identify of common Brucella species in low-complexity labs, mainly in low and lower middle income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moeini-Zanjani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ferdosi-Shahandashti
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rajabnia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang T, Zhang J, Sun C, Liu Z, He H, Wu J, Geriletu. A Novel Arthropod Host of Brucellosis in the Arid Steppe Ecosystem. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:566253. [PMID: 33195543 PMCID: PMC7649779 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.566253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a severe public health problem in the Inner Mongolia regions of China. The recent prevalence of brucellosis outbreaks may be attributed to an increase in the activity of ticks and other air-borne vectors. Dermacentor nuttalli (D. nuttalli) is a native tick species of Inner Mongolia; similar to other tick species, D. nuttalli carries a variety of pathogens that can be transmitted to a wide range of animals. In this study, we have investigated the potential of D. nuttalli in transmitting brucellosis. From 2015 to 2019, 2,256 ticks were collected from 23 different pastoral areas of Hulun Buir. Brucellosis pathogen was detected using DNA extracted from different developmental stages of ticks. Salivary gland and midgut tissue samples were used as templates to amplify Brucella Bscp31 gene (Brucella genus-specific gene) by using TaqMan Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To detect the presence of Bscp31 protein, which is specific to Brucella spp., in the midgut and salivary gland tissues of D. nuttalli, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed. Additionally, Brucella spp. were isolated using a culture medium. Tick samples were identified as D. nuttalli. Different percentages of Brucella genus-specific genes could be found in the tick samples. From 2015 to 2019, the positivity rate for the detection of Bscp31 gene in D. nuttalli ranged from 0.00 to 87.80%, with the highest rate of 89.00%. In addition, Brucella genus-specific genes were successfully detected in the samples isolated from all the developmental stages and anatomical regions of ticks. Bscp31 protein was present in the midgut and salivary gland of D. nuttalli. Further, B. melitensis biotype 3 was isolated from eggs and engorged adults of D. nuttalli. These findings demonstrate that D. nuttalli is a potent, long-term carrier of Brucella spp. that can exhibit transovarial transmission potential, presenting D. nuttalli as a novel arthropod host for Brucella spp. This study, therefore, indicates the potential risk of transmission of brucellosis via tick bites among animals as well as human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhalantun Vocational College, Hulun Buir, China
| | - Changyun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geriletu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Novel, Rapid, and Simple PMA-qPCR Method for Detection and Counting of Viable Brucella Organisms. J Vet Res 2020; 64:253-261. [PMID: 32587912 PMCID: PMC7305652 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The plate counting method widely used at present to discern viable from non-viable Brucella in the host or cell is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid, simple method for detecting and counting viable Brucella organisms. Material and Methods Using propidium monoazide (PMA) to inhibit amplification of DNA from dead Brucella, a novel, rapid PMA-quantitative PCR (PMA-qPCR) detection method for counting viable Brucella was established. The standard recombinant plasmid with the target BCSP31 gene fragment inserted was constructed for drawing a standard curve. The reaction conditions were optimised, and the sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability were analysed. Results The optimal exposure time and working concentration of PMA were 10 min and 15 μg/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) of the standard curve was 0.999. The sensitivity of the method was 103 CFU/mL, moreover, its specificity and repeatability also met the requirements. The concentration of B. suis measured by the PMA-qPCR did not differ significantly from that measured by the plate counting method, and the concentrations of viable bacteria in infected cells determined by the two methods were of the same order of magnitude. Conclusion In this study, a rapid and simple PMA-qPCR counting method for viable Brucella was established, which will facilitate related research.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient's proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Modern automated blood culture systems enable detection of acute cases of brucellosis within the routine 5- to 7-day incubation protocol employed in clinical microbiology laboratories, although a longer incubation and performance of blind subcultures may be needed for protracted cases. Serological tests, though they lack specificity and provide results that may be difficult to interpret in individuals repeatedly exposed to Brucella organisms, nevertheless remain a diagnostic cornerstone in resource-poor countries. Nucleic acid amplification assays combine exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and safety and enable rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, long-term persistence of positive molecular test results in patients that have apparently fully recovered is common and has unclear clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Therefore, as long as there are no sufficiently validated commercial tests or studies that demonstrate an adequate interlaboratory reproducibility of the different homemade PCR assays, cultures and serological methods will remain the primary tools for the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of human brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yagupsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Che LH, Qi C, Bao WG, Ji XF, Liu J, Du N, Gao L, Zhang KY, Li YX. Monitoring the course of Brucella infection with qPCR-based detection. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 89:66-71. [PMID: 31521852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine blood Brucella DNA loads between brucellosis patients and those without brucellosis. METHODS The patient group included 350 brucellosis patients. The control was composed of 200 subjects without brucellosis. The extracted DNA from blood was tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The cutoff value was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A portion of the brucellosis patients were monitored by qPCR during therapy. RESULTS The detection limit of qPCR was between 1E+01cfu/μL and 1E+08cfu/μL. The standard curve R2 reached 0.998. The cutoff value was 4E+01cfu/μL, which was determined by comparison of the patient group and the control. The qPCR assay had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.14%. The monitoring results showed that the Brucella DNA load decreased in most patients during the first 4 weeks of treatment. One patient with bad treatment compliance showed a rebound. CONCLUSIONS The qPCR results were in accordance with the course of brucellosis in the clinic. The DNA load often reflects the situation of the Brucella-infected patient. The cutoff value provides an important reference of infection. This qPCR-based method can be used to assist in the diagnosis of brucellosis and to adjust the therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-He Che
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Chong Qi
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Wan-Guo Bao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Xu-Feng Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Kai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Optimization and validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:353-361. [PMID: 31368088 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to limitations in commercial diagnostic methods, this study aimed to develop a reliable real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) assay for early diagnosis of brucellosis. Optimization of the Rt-PCR method was performed on serum samples spiked by Brucella melitensis with different densities ranging from 101 to 108 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL; each density was prepared in ten samples. The limit of detection was investigated by using Thermo DNA extraction kit with Maxima SYBR Green Rt-PCR and two TaqMan probe-based Rt-PCR protocols performed by QuantiTect and TEMPase multiplex PCR master mixes in two thermal cyclers, which were Rotor-Gene and Bio-Rad. The validation of the optimized protocol was carried on 20 brucellosis-negative samples and 20 samples spiked with B. melitensis by using a combination of Thermo DNA extraction kit with TEMPase PCR master mix. SYBR Green Rt-PCR yielded positive results on all samples having ≥ 104 cfu/mL of B. melitensis in both thermal cyclers. Its limit of detection was 112 DNA copies per reaction. The positivity of both probe-based Rt-PCR protocols was 100% and 80% on the samples having 103 cfu/mL and 102 cfu/mL of B. melitensis, respectively. The limit of detection of probe-based protocols was defined as 4 DNA copies per reaction. The optimized Rt-PCR protocol showed high-level accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity, each having a rate of 100%. The current study indicated that the TaqMan probe-based Rt-PCR protocol optimized and validated with serum samples can be reliably used for early diagnosis of brucellosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhat IA, Mashooq M, Kumar D, Varshney R, Rathore R. Development of probe-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Brucella. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1332-1339. [PMID: 29851222 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for the detection of Brucella. METHODS AND RESULTS The probe-based RT-LAMP was carried out by using a set of four or six primers and different LAMP chemicals to compare its results with real-time PCR. Detection of gene amplification is done within 40 min and can be seen by amplification curve, turbidity and addition of DNA-binding dye at the end of the reaction results in colour difference under normal day light and in UV. The sensitivity of probe-based real-time LAMP assay was found 10-fold higher than Taqman-based qPCR. The specificity of the developed assay was validated by the absence of any cross-reaction with other pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION The developed probe-based RT-LAMP assay is extremely rapid, cost effective, highly specific and sensitive, and has potential usefulness for rapid Brucella surveillance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The developed probe-based RT-LAMP is a powerful gene amplification technique which is a specific, fast diagnostic tool for early detection and identification of Brucella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Bhat
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - M Mashooq
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - D Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - R Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - R Rathore
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Molecular Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis in Humans. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
15
|
Saini S, Gupta VK, Gururaj K, Singh DD, Pawaiya RVS, Gangwar NK, Mishra AK, Dwivedi D, Andani D, Kumar A, Goswami TK. Comparative diagnostic evaluation of OMP31 gene based TaqMan® real-time PCR assay with visual LAMP assay and indirect ELISA for caprine brucellosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Highly Sensitive Bacteriophage-Based Detection of Brucella abortus in Mixed Culture and Spiked Blood. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060144. [PMID: 28604602 PMCID: PMC5490821 DOI: 10.3390/v9060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, bacteriophages (phages) have been used for Brucella species identification in the diagnosis and epidemiology of brucellosis. Traditional Brucella phage typing is a multi-day procedure including the isolation of a pure culture, a step that can take up to three weeks. In this study, we focused on the use of brucellaphages for sensitive detection of the pathogen in clinical and other complex samples, and developed an indirect method of Brucella detection using real-time quantitative PCR monitoring of brucellaphage DNA amplification via replication on live Brucella cells. This assay allowed the detection of single bacteria (down to 1 colony-forming unit per milliliter) within 72 h without DNA extraction and purification steps. The technique was equally efficient with Brucella abortus pure culture and with mixed cultures of B. abortus and α-proteobacterial near neighbors that can be misidentified as Brucella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi and Afipia felis. The addition of a simple short sample preparation step enabled the indirect phage-based detection of B. abortus in spiked blood, with the same high sensitivity. This indirect phage-based detection assay enables the rapid and sensitive detection of live B. abortus in mixed cultures and in blood samples, and can potentially be applied for detection in other clinical samples and other complex sample types.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanjuan-Jimenez R, Colmenero JD, Morata P. Lessons learned with molecular methods targeting the BCSP-31 membrane protein for diagnosis of human brucellosis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 469:1-9. [PMID: 28315659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis remains an emerging and re-emerging zoonosis worldwide causing high human morbidity. It usually affects persons who are permanently exposed to fastidious microorganisms of the Brucella genus and has a nonspecific clinical picture. Thus, diagnosis of brucellosis can sometimes be difficult. Molecular techniques have recently been found very useful in the diagnosis of brucellosis together with its common and very diverse focal complications. We herein review all the lessons learned by our group concerning the molecular diagnosis of human brucellosis over the last twenty years. The results, initially using one-step conventional PCR, later PCR-ELISA and more recently real-time PCR, using both fluorescent intercalating reagents (SYBR-Green I) and specific probes (Taqman), have shown that these techniques are all much more sensitive than bacteriological methods and more specific than the usual serological techniques for the diagnosis of primary infection, the post-treatment control of the disease, early detection of relapse and the diagnosis of focal complications. Optimization of the technique and improvements introduced over the years show that molecular methods, currently accessible for most clinical laboratories, enable easy rapid diagnosis of brucellosis at the same time as they avoid any risk to laboratory personnel while handling live Brucella spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Sanjuan-Jimenez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evaluation of eryC as a Molecular Marker for the Quantitative Detection of Brucella Spp. by Real-Time PCR in Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Shome R, Padmashree BS, Triveni K, Krithiga N, Sahay S, Shome BR, Chandrashekar N, Rahman H. Multipronged diagnostic approaches for monitoring the treatment of Brucella abortus infected patient: a case report. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Sanodze L, Bautista CT, Garuchava N, Chubinidze S, Tsertsvadze E, Broladze M, Chitadze N, Sidamonidze K, Tsanava S, Akhvlediani T, Rivard RG, Mody R, Hepburn MJ, Elzer PH, Nikolich MP, Trapaidze N. Expansion of brucellosis detection in the country of Georgia by screening household members of cases and neighboring community members. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:459. [PMID: 25934639 PMCID: PMC4432945 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is considered as endemic zoonotic disease in the country of Georgia. However, the burden of the disease on a household level is not known. Therefore, this study sought to determine the benefits of active surveillance coupled to serological screening for the early detection of brucellosis among close contacts of brucellosis cases. Methods We used an active surveillance approach to estimate the rate of seropositivity among household family members and neighboring community members of brucellosis index cases. All participants were screened using the serum tube agglutination test (SAT). Blood cultures were performed, obtained isolates were identified by a bacteriological algorithm, and confirmed as Brucella spp. using real-time PCR. Further confirmation of Brucella species was done using the AMOS PCR assay. Results A total of 141 participants enrolled. Of these, 27 were brucellosis index cases, 86 were household family members, and 28 were neighboring community members. The serological evidence of brucellosis in the household member group was 7% and the rate at the household level was 21%. No screened community members were Brucella seropositive. Majority of brucellosis cases were caused by B. melitensis; only one index case was linked to B. abortus. Conclusion We found evidence of brucellosis infection among household family members of brucellosis index cases. B. melitensis was the most common species obtained. Findings of this active surveillance study highlight the importance of screening household family members of brucellosis cases and of the use of culture methods to identify Brucella species in the country of Georgia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Sanodze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | - Natalia Garuchava
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | | | - Mariam Broladze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Nazibrola Chitadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Ketevan Sidamonidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia. .,I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Shota Tsanava
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | - Robert G Rivard
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Rupal Mody
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Matthew J Hepburn
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Philip H Elzer
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Mikeljon P Nikolich
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA. .,U.S. Army Medical Research Unit - Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Nino Trapaidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia. .,U.S. Army Medical Research Unit - Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohamed Zahidi J, Bee Yong T, Hashim R, Mohd Noor A, Hamzah SH, Ahmad N. Identification of Brucella spp. isolated from human brucellosis in Malaysia using high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 81:227-33. [PMID: 25641125 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular approaches have been investigated to overcome difficulties in identification and differentiation of Brucella spp. using conventional phenotypic methods. In this study, high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis was used for rapid identification and differentiation of members of Brucella genus. A total of 41 Brucella spp. isolates from human brucellosis were subjected to HRM analysis using 4 sets of primers, which identified 40 isolates as Brucella melitensis and 1 as Brucella canis. The technique utilized low DNA concentration and was highly reproducible. The assay is shown to be a useful diagnostic tool, which can rapidly differentiate Brucella up to species level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tay Bee Yong
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mohd Noor
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hawa Hamzah
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Professional Acquisition of M. bovisin Calabria Region (Southern Italy): A Challenging Case of Osteomyelitis in a Migrant Patient from Bulgaria. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015; 2015:794715. [PMID: 26257970 PMCID: PMC4516816 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the first case of a coinfection withBrucellaspp.,M. bovis, andEnterobacter cloacaein a butcher who moved from Bulgaria to Italy. Molecular typing suggested professional acquisition ofM. bovisin Italy. So, surveillance and preventive measures need to be implemented.
Collapse
|
23
|
Efficient diagnosis and treatment follow-up of human brucellosis by a novel quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR assay: a human clinical survey. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:4239-43. [PMID: 25275001 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01819-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and effective diagnosis of brucellosis is a challenge for clinicians. Even when diagnosis is on time and therapy is initiated, meticulous follow-up appointments are crucial for ensuring the efficacy of the treatment. Due to shortcomings of serological methods, molecular diagnosis, especially real-time PCR, is becoming a main approach in laboratory diagnostics. Thus, the development of efficient procedures and standardization of the PCR tests will have a great impact on the precise detection and quantification of bacterial DNA loads, which is valuable for the medical management of brucellosis patients. We developed a new TaqMan real-time PCR directed to bcsp31, a shared gene of the brucellae. The bcsp31 gene fragment was cloned into pJET1.2. Recombinant pJET1.2-bcsp31 was linearized by HindIII digestion, and the product was used for the preparation of a standard curve. A panel of Brucella spp. and non-Brucella pathogens was tested. No bacterial genomes other than those of the brucellae were detected. According to the results, specificity of the method was 100%. In a clinical assessment, the positive-control group comprised 37 patients with microbiologically confirmed brucellosis, and 25 healthy individuals served as the negative-control group. By the end of the treatment period, there was a significant decrease in the DNA load of the 37 brucellosis patients, which persisted for the 4 weeks of monitoring after treatment, suggesting that our proposed method is an efficient monitoring tool. Serum samples prior to any treatment were collected from the 25 serologically suspicious patients and assessed by our method; 72% of these patients tested positive for brucellosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Real-time PCR carried out on DNA extracted from serum or blood sample is not a good method for surveillance of bovine brucellosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1519-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
Garshasbi M, Ramazani A, Sorouri R, Javani S, Moradi S. Molecular detection of Brucella species in patients suspicious of Brucellosis from Zanjan, Iran. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:533-8. [PMID: 25242938 PMCID: PMC4166279 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella is an intracellular pathogen capable of infecting animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify Brucella spp in sera of high risk individuals by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. A total of 180 patients suspected to have Brucellosis were examined by serological tests. To establish a PCR protocol for diagnosis of active brucellosis, DNA was extracted from the serum samples by using a commercial kit. PCR amplification was done for detection of Brocella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. The PCR assay showed that an amplicon of 223 bp was obtained in 73.8% (133/180) of the tested sera using primers (B4/B5) derived from a gene encoding the 31-kDa Brucella abortus antigen. In another PCR, an amplicon of 498 bp was obtained in 63.8% (115/180) of the samples using Brucella abortus-specific primers derived from a locus adjacent to the 3'-end of IS711, and also an amplicon of 731 bp was produced in 4.4% (8/180) of the tested samples using Brucella melitensis-specific primers. When the Wright method was used as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique for genus identification were found to be 96 and 80.7%, respectively. However, the sensitivity value obtained with the species-specific PCR method was 82%, and specificity was similar to that previous reported. This is the first report of a high frequency of Brucella abortus in patients suspicious of Brucellosis from the Zanjan province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Garshasbi
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical and Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Zanjan Iran Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical and Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rahim Sorouri
- Molecular Biology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Javani
- Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Soheila Moradi
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical and Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Zanjan Iran Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical and Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Bai L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Ma A, Yu H. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:31. [PMID: 25082566 PMCID: PMC4236518 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for the nucleic acid amplification, which is commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The use of PCR for pathogens detection, genotyping and quantification has some advantages, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, reproducibility and technical ease. Brucellosis is a common zoonosis caused by Brucella spp., which still remains as a major health problem in many developing countries around the world. The direct culture and immunohistochemistry can be used for detecting infection with Brucella spp. However, PCR has the potential to address limitations of these methods. PCR are now one of the most useful assays for the diagnosis in human brucellosis. The aim of this review was to summarize the main PCR techniques and their applications for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with brucellosis. Moreover, advantages or limitation of the different PCR methods as well as the evaluation of PCR results for treatment and follow-up of human brucellosis were also discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kansiime C, Mugisha A, Makumbi F, Mugisha S, Rwego IB, Sempa J, Kiwanuka SN, Asiimwe BB, Rutebemberwa E. Knowledge and perceptions of brucellosis in the pastoral communities adjacent to Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:242. [PMID: 24612845 PMCID: PMC3975325 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections globally. Lack of knowledge about brucellosis may affect the health-seeking behavior of patients, thus leading to sustained transmission in these communities. Our study assessed knowledge and perceptions of brucellosis among pastoral communities adjacent to Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP), Kiruhura District, Uganda. Methods A community cross-sectional questionnaire survey involving 371 randomly selected household heads from three sub-counties neighboring LMNP were interviewed between June and August 2012. Data collected included communities’ knowledge on causes, symptoms, transmission, treatment, prevention and risk factors of brucellosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore strength of association between overall knowledge of brucellosis and various individual factors using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Only 70 (19%) knew the symptoms of brucellosis in animals, and three quarters (279, 75.5%) mentioned joint and muscle pain as a common symptom in humans. Almost all participants (370, 99.3%) had ever heard about brucellosis, majority (311, 84.7%) believed it affects all sexes and two thirds (67.7%) of the respondents believed close proximity to wildlife contributes to the presence of the disease. Almost all (352, 95.4%) knew that brucellosis in humans could be treatable using modern drugs. The main routes of infection in humans such as consumption of unpasteurized dairy products were known by 97% (360/371); eating of half-cooked meat by 91.4% and eating contaminated pasture in animals by 97.4%. There was moderate overall knowledge of brucellosis 197 (53.1%). Factors associated with higher overall knowledge were being agro-pastoralists (aOR: 2.08, CI: 1.17-3.71) compared to pure pastoralists while those who reported that the disease was a health problem (aOR: 0.18, CI: 0.06-0.56) compared to those who said it was not were less likely to be knowledgeable. Conclusions There was moderate overall knowledge of human and animal brucellosis among the participants. Majority of the participants believed that close proximity to wildlife contributes to the presence of the disease in the area. There is a need for collaboration between the public health, veterinary and wildlife sectors to provide health education on brucellosis for better management of the disease in the communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kansiime
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, P, O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Soleimani M, Shams S, Majidzadeh-A K. Developing a real-time quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay as a rapid and accurate method for detection of Brucellosis. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:828-34. [PMID: 23795718 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was designing a LAMP method for the rapid detection of Brucella and development of a sensitive quantitative-LAMP (Q-LAMP) assay for quantification of brucellosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study for the LAMP detection of the causative agent of brucellosis, we used specifically designed primers to target the omp25 conserved gene of Brucella spp. The sensitivity of the LAMP method was evaluated by preparing serial tenfold dilution of omp25 gene containing plasmid followed by performing the LAMP reaction. To improve the assay as a quantitative test, LAMP products in the serial dilution were evaluated by Loopamp real-time turbidimeter system and then standard curve was generated by plotting time threshold values against log of copy number. The assay specificity was evaluated using Brucella genomic DNA and a panel containing genomes of 11 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The LAMP assay was highly specific and no amplification products were observed from the non-Brucella organisms. The test sensitivity for visual detection of turbidity or fluorescent colour change and also agarose gel electrophoresis was 560 ng and 5·6 ng, respectively. The lower limit of detection was 17 copies of the gene that could be detected in 50 min. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that the LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific technique for detection of Brucella spp. that may improve diagnostic potential in clinical laboratories. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The LAMP assay because of the simplicity and low cost can be preferred to other molecular methods in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Soleimani
- Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center (TBRC), Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rapid Identification of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulating Members of Bacillales Using Internal Primers for phaC Gene of Bacillus megaterium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/562014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium is gaining recognition as an experimental model and biotechnologically important microorganism. Recently, descriptions of new strains of B. megaterium and closely related species isolated from diverse habitats have increased. Therefore, its identification requires several tests in combination which is usually time consuming and difficult to do. We propose using the uniqueness of the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase C gene of B. megaterium in designing primers that amplify the 0.9 kb region of the phaC for its identification. The PCR method was optimized to amplify 0.9 kb region of phaC gene. After optimization of the PCR reaction, two methods were investigated in detail. Method I gave an amplification of a single band of 0.9 kb only in B. megaterium and was demonstrated by several strains of B. megaterium isolated from different habitats. The use of Method I did not result in the amplification of the phaC gene with other members of Bacillales. The specificity for identification of B. megaterium was confirmed using sequencing of amplicon and RT-PCR. Method II showed multiple banding patterns of nonspecific amplicons among polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating members of Bacillales unique to the respective species. These methods are rapid and specific for the identification of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating B. megaterium and members of Bacillales.
Collapse
|
30
|
Amplicon DNA melting analysis for the simultaneous detection of Brucella spp and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Potential use in rapid differential diagnosis between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and focal complications of brucellosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58353. [PMID: 23520501 PMCID: PMC3592798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Some sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and focal complications of brucellosis are very difficult to differentiate clinically, radiologically, and even histopathologically. Conventional microbiological methods for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and complicated brucellosis not only lack adequate sensitivity, they are also time consuming, which could lead to an unfavourable prognosis. The aim of this work was to develop a multiplex real-time PCR assay based on SYBR Green I to simultaneously detect Brucella spp and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and evaluate the efficacy of the technique with different candidate genes. The IS711, bcsp31 and omp2a genes were used for the identification of Brucella spp and the IS6110, senX3-regX3 and cfp31 genes were targeted for the detection of the M. tuberculosis complex. As a result of the different combinations of primers, nine different reactions were evaluated. A test was defined as positive only when the gene combinations were capable of co-amplifying both pathogens in a single reaction tube and showed distinguishable melting temperatures for each microorganism. According to the melting analysis, only three combinations of amplicons (senX3-regX3+bcsp31, senX3-regX3+IS711 and IS6110+IS711) were visible. Detection limits of senX3-regX3+bcsp31 and senX3-regX3+IS711 were of 2 and 3 genome equivalents for M. tuberculosis complex and Brucella while for IS6110+IS711 they were of 200 and 300 genome equivalents, respectively. The three assays correctly identified all the samples, showing negative results for the control patients. The presence of multicopy elements and GC content were the components most influencing the efficiency of the test; this should be taken into account when designing a multiplex-based SYBR Green I assay. In conclusion, multiplex real time PCR assays based on the targets senX3-regX3+bcsp31 and senX3-regX3+IS711 using SYBR Green I are highly sensitive and reproducible. This may therefore be a practical approach for the rapid differential diagnosis between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and complicated brucellosis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Byzova NA, Zherdev AV, Eskendirova SZ, Baltin KK, Unysheva GB, Mukanov KK, Ramankulov EM, Dzantiev BB. Development of immunochromatographic test system for rapid detection of the lipopolysaccharide antigen and cells of the causative agent of bovine brucellosis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812060026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
32
|
Al Dahouk S, Nöckler K. Implications of laboratory diagnosis on brucellosis therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 9:833-45. [PMID: 21810055 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with a huge economic impact on animal husbandry and public health. The diagnosis of human brucellosis can be protracted because the disease primarily presents as fever of unknown origin with unspecific clinical signs and symptoms. The isolation rate of the fastidious etiologic agent from blood cultures is low, and therefore laboratory diagnosis is mainly based on serologic and molecular testing. However, seronegative brucellosis patients have been described, and antibody titers of diagnostic significance are difficult to define. Whether the molecular detection of Brucella DNA in clinical samples should be followed by long-term antibiotic treatment or not is also a matter of debate. The aim of this article is to review and discuss the implications of laboratory test results in the diagnosis of human brucellosis on disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Al Dahouk
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Hygiene and Microbiology, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D-12277 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaushik P, Singh DK, Tiwari AK, Kataria RS. Rapid Detection of Brucella Species in Cattle Semen by PCR. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2006.9706818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kaushik
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , 243 122 , India
| | - D. K. Singh
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , 243 122 , India
| | - A. K. Tiwari
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , 243 122 , India
| | - R. S. Kataria
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , 243 122 , India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu WL, Nielsen K. Review of detection of Brucella spp. by polymerase chain reaction. Croat Med J 2011; 51:306-13. [PMID: 20718083 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a review of most of the currently used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for identification of Brucella bacteria in biological samples. We focused in particular on methods using single-pair primers, multiplex primers, real-time PCRs, PCRs for marine Brucella, and PCRs for molecular biotyping. These methods are becoming very important tools for the identification of Brucella, at the species level and recently also at the biovar level. These techniques require minimum biological containment and can provide results in a very short time. In addition, genetic fingerprinting of isolates aid in epidemiological studies of the disease and its control. PCR-based methods are more useful and practical than conventional methods used to identify Brucella spp., and new methods for Brucella spp. identification and typing are still being developed. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and issues of quality control and quality assurance using these methods must be fully validated on clinical samples before PCR can be used in routine laboratory testing for brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Yu
- Ottawa Laboratories (Fallowfield), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Nepean, Ontario, K2H 8P9, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ribosomal RNA sequence analysis of Brucella infection misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi infection. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:1165-8. [PMID: 21209167 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01131-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Brucella isolate was identified from purulent material collected during a hip surgery. Two previous blood cultures from the same patient yielded Ochrobactrum anthropi. After rRNA sequencing, all the isolates were identified as Brucella species and subsequently serotyped as Brucella suis. Misidentification of Brucella species remains a problem with bacterial identification systems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hinić V, Brodard I, Thomann A, Holub M, Miserez R, Abril C. IS711-based real-time PCR assay as a tool for detection of Brucella spp. in wild boars and comparison with bacterial isolation and serology. BMC Vet Res 2009; 5:22. [PMID: 19602266 PMCID: PMC2719624 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of brucellosis in livestock, wildlife and humans depends on the reliability of the methods used for detection and identification of bacteria. In the present study, we describe the evaluation of the recently established real-time PCR assay based on the Brucella-specific insertion sequence IS711 with blood samples from 199 wild boars (first group of animals) and tissue samples from 53 wild boars (second group of animals) collected in Switzerland. Results from IS711 real-time PCR were compared to those obtained by bacterial isolation, Rose Bengal Test (RBT), competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) and indirect ELISA (i-ELISA). RESULTS In the first group of animals, IS711 real-time PCR detected infection in 11.1% (16/144) of wild boars that were serologically negative. Serological tests showed different sensitivities [RBT 15.6%, c-ELISA 7.5% and i-ELISA 5.5%] and only 2% of blood samples were positive with all three tests, which makes interpretation of the serological results very difficult. Regarding the second group of animals, the IS711 real-time PCR detected infection in 26% of animals, while Brucella spp. could be isolated from tissues of only 9.4% of the animals. CONCLUSION The results presented here indicate that IS711 real-time PCR assay is a specific and sensitive tool for detection of Brucella spp. infections in wild boars. For this reason, we propose the employment of IS711 real-time PCR as a complementary tool in brucellosis screening programs and for confirmation of diagnosis in doubtful cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Hinić
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Länggass-Strasse 122, PO Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Brodard
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Länggass-Strasse 122, PO Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Thomann
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Länggass-Strasse 122, PO Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Milena Holub
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Länggass-Strasse 122, PO Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Miserez
- Amt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Tiergesundheit, Planaterrastrasse 11, 7001 Chur, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Abril
- National Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Länggass-Strasse 122, PO Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bounaadja L, Albert D, Chénais B, Hénault S, Zygmunt MS, Poliak S, Garin-Bastuji B. Real-time PCR for identification of Brucella spp.: a comparative study of IS711, bcsp31 and per target genes. Vet Microbiol 2009; 137:156-64. [PMID: 19200666 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Culture is considered as the reference standard assay for diagnosis of Brucella spp. in humans and animals but it is time-consuming and hazardous. In this study, we evaluated the performances of newly designed real-time PCR assays using TaqMan probes and targeting the 3 following specific genes: (i) the insertion sequence IS711, (ii) bcsp31 and (iii) per genes for the detection of Brucella at genus level. The real-time PCR assays were compared to previously described conventional PCR assays targeting the same genes. The genus-specificity was evaluated on 26 Brucella strains, including all species and biovars. The analytical specificity was evaluated on a collection of 68 clinically relevant, phylogenetically related or serologically cross-reacting micro-organisms. The analytical sensitivity was assessed using decreasing DNA quantities of Brucella ovis, B. melitensis bv. 1, B. abortus bv. 1 and B. canis reference strains. Finally, intra-assay repeatability and inter-assay reproducibility were assessed. All Brucella species DNA were amplified in the three tests. However, the earliest signal was observed with the IS711 real-time PCR, where it varied according to the IS711 copy number. No cross-reactivity was observed in all three tests. Real-time PCR was always more sensitive than conventional PCR assays. The real-time PCR assay targeting IS711 presented an identical or a greater sensitivity than the two other tests. In all cases, the variability was very low. In conclusion, real-time PCR assays are easy-to-use, produce results faster than conventional PCR systems while reducing DNA contamination risks. The IS711-based real-time PCR assay is specific and highly sensitive and appears as an efficient and reproducible method for the rapid and safe detection of the genus Brucella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Bounaadja
- Université du Maine, Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique Evolutive, EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Al Dahouk S, Nöckler K, Scholz HC, Pfeffer M, Neubauer H, Tomaso H. Evaluation of genus-specific and species-specific real-time PCR assays for the identification of Brucella spp. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 45:1464-70. [PMID: 17970716 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of Brucella isolates using conventional microbiological techniques is time-consuming and hazardous. We therefore assessed the performance of real-time PCR assays for the identification of members of the genus Brucella to the genus and species level. METHODS We evaluated an in-house developed assay and various previously published real-time PCR assays targeting bcsp31, per, IS711, alkB/IS711 and BMEI1162/IS711 using 248 Brucella strains representing the biotypes of all species and a large panel of clinically relevant, phylogenetically related and serologically cross-reacting bacteria. RESULTS No misidentification was observed. However, several biotypes of Brucella abortus and Brucella suis were not detected with some of the published assays. The limit of detection varied widely among the assays (16-1600 fg) demonstrating that some assays should not be applied to clinical samples but may help to identify colony material. CONCLUSIONS In summary, most of the assays revealed low detection limits and proved to be highly selective for the detection of the genus Brucella and the species that are most relevant for humans. Assays targeting the bcsp31 gene can be recommended to screen for Brucella. Species-specific assays should be consecutively applied confirming the primary diagnosis by a second gene target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Al Dahouk
- Department of Bacteriology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohtsuki R, Kawamoto K, Kato Y, Shah MM, Ezaki T, Makino SI. Rapid detection of Brucella spp. by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1815-23. [PMID: 18248366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting Brucella spp. METHODS AND RESULTS Two sets of six Brucella-specific primers for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were designed from the sequence of the Brucella abortus BCSP31 gene. The specificity and sensitivity were examined for six Brucella species (22 strains) and 18 non-Brucella species (28 strains). The LAMP assay was specific to Brucella spp. in 35 min at 63 degrees C and sensitive (detected 10 fg of genomic DNA). The assay was also applied for the detection of Brucella DNA in contaminated milk and infected mouse organs. CONCLUSIONS We developed a sensitive and specific LAMP assay for Brucella spp., with the test appearing to be useful for the detection of the pathogen from clinical and food samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of the development of LAMP for the detection of Brucella spp. As the LAMP assay can be performed at a constant temperature and its reactivity is directly observed with the naked eye without electrophoresis, our assay should be useful for the diagnosis of brucellosis as well as the detection of the bacteria in environmental or food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ohtsuki
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Immunology, Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Preparation of bacterial DNA template by boiling and effect of immunoglobulin G as an inhibitor in real-time PCR for serum samples from patients with brucellosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 15:293-6. [PMID: 18077622 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00270-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time PCR is a widely used tool for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases. However, little information exists about the influences of the different factors involved in PCR on the amplification efficiency. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of boiling as the DNA preparation method on the efficiency of the amplification process of real-time PCR for the diagnosis of human brucellosis with serum samples. Serum samples from 10 brucellosis patients were analyzed by a SYBR green I LightCycler-based real-time PCR and by using boiling to obtain the DNA. DNA prepared by boiling lysis of the bacteria isolated from serum did not prevent the presence of inhibitors, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), which were extracted with the template DNA. To identify and confirm the presence of IgG, serum was precipitated to separate and concentrate the IgG and was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. The use of serum volumes above 0.6 ml completely inhibited the amplification process. The inhibitory effect of IgG in serum samples was not concentration dependent, and it could be eliminated by diluting the samples 1/10 and 1/20 in water. Despite the lack of the complete elimination of the IgG from the template DNA, boiling does not require any special equipment and it provides a rapid, reproducible, and cost-effective method for the preparation of DNA from serum samples for the diagnosis of brucellosis.
Collapse
|
41
|
Mukherjee F, Jain J, Patel V, Nair M. Multiple genus-specific markers in PCR assays improve the specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis of brucellosis in field animals. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1309-1316. [PMID: 17893166 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella-specific nucleotide sequences encoding the BCSP 31 kDa protein, Omp2 and the 16S rRNA were employed in three independent diagnostic PCR assays. Results of the three PCR assays on six reference strains of Brucella were in complete agreement. The results of PCR assays based on bcsp and omp2 on 19 Indian field isolates (human, bovine and murine tissues) also agreed completely. However, when the 16S rRNA gene was employed as the diagnostic target in the PCR, only 14 out of these 19 isolates and 2 out of 7 bovine milk isolates were identified as the genus Brucella. The bovine blood samples were insensitive to 16S rRNA PCR. The antibody-detecting ELISA results of field samples (n=87) from a serologically positive herd in India were compared separately with omp2 and bcsp PCRs of blood (n=62). While the bcsp PCR was the most sensitive, the degree of association of ELISA with omp2 blood PCR (kappa=0.37 at P <0.05) was similar to that with the bcsp blood PCR (kappa =0.34 at P <0.05). An improvement in the correlation between ELISA and blood PCR was noticed (kappa =0.5 at P <0.05) when a consensus result of omp2 and bcsp blood PCR was considered for comparison with ELISA. The use of more than one marker-based PCR gave increased sensitivity and higher specificity and appears to be a more reliable molecular diagnostic approach for screening of field animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Mukherjee
- Research and Development, National Dairy Development Board, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Jainendra Jain
- Research and Development, National Dairy Development Board, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Vipul Patel
- Research and Development, National Dairy Development Board, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Mrinalini Nair
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, MS University, Baroda 390002, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Comparison of seven commercial DNA extraction kits for the recovery of Brucella DNA from spiked human serum samples using real-time PCR. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 27:109-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
McCrea JK, Liu C, Ng LK, Wang G. Detection of the Escherichia coli pathogenic gene eae with three real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:398-403. [PMID: 17538649 DOI: 10.1139/w06-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are currently available to rapidly detect the presence of a specific DNA sequence. When used for detection of pathogenic organisms, the turnaround time for PCR-based methods is much lower than for traditional culture techniques. This study compared the sensitivity of three real-time PCR methods when detecting the Escherichia coli pathogenic gene eae to determine which method is most effective in identifying very low levels of the organism. The three methods were used to detect the eae gene over a range of DNA concentrations. The differences in sensitivity were statistically significant (p<0.05), and SYBR Green I PCR was found to have the lowest detection limit of the three; LUX primers had the highest detection limit. Therefore, using a defined DNA concentration for detecting the eae gene, SYBR Green I is the best alternative.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abdoel TH, Smits HL. Rapid latex agglutination test for the serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 57:123-8. [PMID: 17258083 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated a user-friendly latex agglutination assay for the serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. The assay was obtained by coating colored latex beads with Brucella lipopolysaccharides and drying of the activated beads onto white agglutination cards. Individual cards were sealed in a protective foil to secure stability of the dried reagent and to obtain a test in a single assay format. The latex agglutination assay is simply performed by suspending the dried latex reagent in a drop of serum and looking for macroscopic agglutination of the latex beads by visual inspection. Results are obtained within 30 s after mixing the sample with the test reagent. The sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 89.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76-96) for the initial serum samples collected from patients with culture-confirmed brucellosis and the specificity is 98.2% (95% CI, 96-99). The assay is ideal for use as a field test in remote areas and as point-of-care test in hospitals and health care centers that lack the expertise and facilities to perform the more demanding classic serologic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia H Abdoel
- KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Capparelli R, Alfano F, Amoroso MG, Borriello G, Fenizia D, Bianco A, Roperto S, Roperto F, Iannelli D. Protective effect of the Nramp1 BB genotype against Brucella abortus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Infect Immun 2007; 75:988-96. [PMID: 17145946 PMCID: PMC1828489 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00948-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortus antibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and the Nramp1 genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3' untranslated region of the Nramp1 gene. The BB genotype was represented among only controls, providing evidence that this genotype confers resistance to Brucella abortus. The monocytes from the BB (resistant) subjects displayed a higher basal level of Nramp1 mRNA and a lower number of viable intracellular bacteria than did the monocytes from AA (susceptible) subjects. The higher basal level of the antibacterial protein Nramp1 most probably provides the BB animals with the possibility of controlling bacteria immediately after their entry inside the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Capparelli
- Faculty of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|