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Manlove AE, Quintana EN, Cuellar LM, Linnebur AM. Benign Intraoral Soft Tissue Lesions in Children. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024; 36:265-282. [PMID: 38395668 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Benign intraoral soft tissue pathology in pediatric patients includes developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, and infectious lesions. Common pathology includes gingival cysts, mucoceles, fibromas, and parulis. Less common lesions include peripheral ossifying fibromas, congenital epulis of the newborn, and congenital mandibular duct atresia. Most of these lesions present at painless masses but can have significant effects on children and their caregivers. Although these lesions are generally harmless, evaluation and treatment is necessary for appropriate management and health of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Manlove
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Carle Cleft and Craniofacial Team, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Erik N Quintana
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leticia M Cuellar
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexis M Linnebur
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children - Orlando Health, 207 W. Gore Street, 3Road Floor, Suite.302, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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2
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Hankinson P, Brierley C, Brierley D. A review of oral pathology in orthodontics. Part 1: Soft-tissue pathology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:7-17. [PMID: 37930299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Orthodontists are well placed to detect soft-tissue disease of the oral cavity and associated structures because of the frequent repeat examinations of their patients. This review describes the clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and treatment of the soft-tissue pathology most likely to be encountered by the orthodontist and uncommon soft-tissue disease with significant implications for the patient. The recognition of soft-tissue disease will allow reassurance, referral, and early intervention when required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hankinson
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Catherine Brierley
- Orthodontic Department, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Calow, Chesterfield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Brierley
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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3
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Wimmerová M, Bildziukevich U, Wimmer Z. Selected Plant Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives as Antiviral Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:7718. [PMID: 38067449 PMCID: PMC10707653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of the most recent investigation of triterpenoid-based antiviral agents namely in the HIV-1 and HSV-1 treatment were reviewed and summarized. Several key historical achievements are included to stress consequences and continuity in this research. Most of the agents studied belong to a series of compounds derived from betulin or betulinic acid, and their synthetic derivative is called bevirimat. A termination of clinical trials of bevirimat in Phase IIb initiated a search for more successful compounds partly derived from bevirimat or designed independently of bevirimat structure. Surprisingly, a majority of bevirimat mimics are derivatives of betulinic acid, while other plant triterpenoids, such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, or other miscellaneous triterpenoids, are relatively rarely involved in a search for a novel antiviral agent. Therefore, this review article is divided into three parts based on the leading triterpenoid core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Wimmerová
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
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4
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Li Z, Li J, Fu R, Liu J, Wen X, Zhang L. Halitosis: etiology, prevention, and the role of microbiota. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6383-6393. [PMID: 37843633 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to review halitosis research, discuss its various causes, and propose effective interventions based on the underlying etiologies and mechanisms. The main research question is to identify the primary factors contributing to halitosis and appropriate strategies to address them. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted on halitosis and its associated causes, including oral pathological factors, oral microbial influences, microbial metabolic pathways, gastrointestinal diseases, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. RESULTS Unhealthy eating habits and an imbalance of microorganisms in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract were identified as primary causes of halitosis. Dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and digestive disorders like gastritis and irritable bowel syndrome were also found to be related to the development of halitosis. Due to poor oral hygiene or antibiotic use, disruption of microbial communities can result in dysbiosis, inflammation, and halitosis. CONCLUSIONS Halitosis is a multifactorial condition with various underlying causes, including oral and systemic diseases. Effective interventions should be tailored based on the specific etiologies and mechanisms involved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the factors contributing to halitosis is crucial for developing appropriate treatment strategies. Enhancing oral hygiene habits, using antimicrobial drugs, or administering probiotics may help regulate oral or intestinal flora, thereby improving halitosis and overall oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji'an Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xutao Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Coppola N, Cantile T, Adamo D, Canfora F, Baldares S, Riccitiello F, Musella G, Mignogna MDD, Leuci S. Supportive care and antiviral treatments in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6333-6344. [PMID: 37733027 PMCID: PMC10630243 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the main pathogen responsible for herpes infections. In 13-30% of the cases, primary HSV-1 leads to the primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS), often a self-limiting infection; however, it can limit the ability to drink/eat with, sometimes, the need for hospitalization. Multiple therapeutic methods have been proposed. This systematic review aims to collect and critically appraise the available evidence about the clinical management of PHGS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search including three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase), study design, and data analysis were performed following PRISMA guidelines, according to the PICO tool (PROSPERO n° CRD42023391386). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. RESULTS Five studies on a total of 364 patients (average age: 7.6 years) were identified. The treatment regimens were summarized in acyclovir; acyclovir + honey; fluids and analgesic; maalox + diphenhydramine; lidocaine; chlorhexidine (CHX); CHX + ialuronic acid; CHX + Mucosyte®; antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT); topical antiviral; topical antiviral + aPDT; and others. CONCLUSIONS Although PHGS is a disease with a high worldwide prevalence, the lack of consensus about therapeutic management indicates gaps in existing evidence. Most of the proposed treatment consists in symptomatic drugs with empiric regimens which are ineffective for the viral replication. The main limit to realize randomized clinical trial is due to the rapid onset and remission of the disease. In fact, the diagnostic delay, estimated in 72 h, decreases the effectiveness of any antiviral drugs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Out of the five studies included in this systematic review, only one was able to provide some weak evidence that ACV is an effective treatment, improving healing of oral lesions and reducing duration of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Coppola
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cantile
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
| | - Daniela Adamo
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Canfora
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Baldares
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Riccitiello
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musella
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Davide D Mignogna
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Milia EP, Sardellitti L, Eick S. Antimicrobial Efficiency of Pistacia lentiscus L. Derivates against Oral Biofilm-Associated Diseases-A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1378. [PMID: 37374880 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus L. (PlL) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. The richness in antimicrobial biomolecules of Pll derivates can represent an alternative to chemically formulated agents used against oral infections. This review summarizes the knowledge on the antimicrobial activity of PlL essential oil (EO), extracts, and mastic resin against microorganisms being of relevance in oral biofilm-associated diseases. Results demonstrated that the potential of PlL polyphenol extracts has led to increasing scientific interest. In fact, the extracts are a significantly more effective agent than the other PlL derivates. The positive findings regarding the inhibition of periodontal pathogens and C. albicans, together with the antioxidant activity and the reduction of the inflammatory responses, suggest the use of the extracts in the prevention and/or reversal of intraoral dysbiosis. Toothpaste, mouthwashes, and local delivery devices could be effective in the clinical management of these oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Patrizia Milia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dental Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Sardellitti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dental Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Xiao J, Liu P, Hu Y, Liu T, Guo Y, Sun P, Zheng J, Ren Z, Wang Y. Antiviral activities of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract against herpes simplex virus. Chin Med 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 36855145 PMCID: PMC9972753 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia vulgaris L. is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the same origin of medicine and food. Its active ingredient in leaves have multiple biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and insecticidal, anti-tumor, antioxidant and immune regulation, etc. It is confirmed that folium Artemisiae argyi has obvious anti-HBV activity, however, its antiviral activity and mechanism against herpesvirus or other viruses are not clear. Hence, we aimed to screen the crude extracts (Fr.8.3) isolated and extracted from folium A. argyi to explore the anti-herpesvirus activity and mechanism. METHODS The antiherpes virus activity of Fr.8.3 was mainly characterized by cytopathic effects, real-time PCR detection of viral gene replication and expression levels, western blotting, viral titer determination and plaque reduction experiments. The main components of Fr.8.3 were identified by using LC-MS, and selected protein targets of these components were investigated through molecular docking. RESULTS We collected and isolated a variety of A. vulgaris L. samples from Tangyin County, Henan Province and then screened the A. vulgaris L. leaf extracts for anti-HSV-1 activity. The results of the plaque reduction test showed that the crude extract of A. vulgaris L.-Fr.8.3 had anti-HSV-1 activity, and we further verified the anti-HSV-1 activity of Fr.8.3 at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. Moreover, we found that Fr.8.3 also had a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Finally, we explored its anti-HSV-1 mechanism, and the results showed that Fr.8.3 exerted an anti-HSV-1 effect by acting directly on the virus itself. Then, the extracts were screened on HSV-1 surface glycoproteins and host cell surface receptors for potential binding ability by molecular docking, which further verified the phenotypic results. LC-MS analysis showed that 1 and 2 were the two main components of the extracts. Docking analysis suggested that compounds from extract 1 might similarly cover the binding domain between the virus and the host cells, thus interfering with virus adhesion to cell receptors, which provides new ideas and insights for clinical drug development for herpes simplex virus type 1. CONCLUSION We found that Fr.8.3 has anti-herpesvirus and anti-rotavirus effects. The main 12 components in Fr.8.3 were analyzed by LC-MS, and the protein targets were finally predicted through molecular docking, which showed that alkaloids may play a major role in antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuze Hu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- grid.411851.80000 0001 0040 0205School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Harrell TL, Davido DJ, Bertke AS. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Infected Cell Protein 0 (ICP0) Targets of Ubiquitination during Productive Infection of Primary Adult Sensory Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2931. [PMID: 36769256 PMCID: PMC9917815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) enters sensory neurons with the potential for productive or latent infection. For either outcome, HSV-1 must curtail the intrinsic immune response, regulate viral gene expression, and remove host proteins that could restrict viral processes. Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), a virus-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase, supports these processes by mediating the transfer of ubiquitin to target proteins to change their location, alter their function, or induce their degradation. To identify ubiquitination targets of ICP0 during productive infection in sensory neurons, we immunoprecipitated ubiquitinated proteins from primary adult sensory neurons infected with HSV-1 KOS (wild-type), HSV-1 n212 (expressing truncated, defective ICP0), and uninfected controls using anti-ubiquitin antibody FK2 (recognizing K29, K48, K63 and monoubiquitinated proteins), followed by LC-MS/MS and comparative analyses. We identified 40 unique proteins ubiquitinated by ICP0 and 17 ubiquitinated by both ICP0 and host mechanisms, of which High Mobility Group Protein I/Y (HMG I/Y) and TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP43) were selected for further analysis. We show that ICP0 ubiquitinates HMG I/Y and TDP43, altering protein expression at specific time points during productive HSV-1 infection, demonstrating that ICP0 manipulates the sensory neuronal environment in a time-dependent manner to regulate infection outcome in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telvin L. Harrell
- Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - David J. Davido
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Andrea S. Bertke
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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9
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Khalifa C, Slim A, Maroua G, Sioud S, Hentati H, Selmi J. Herpes simplex virus infection: Management of primary oral lesions in children. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:CCR36127. [PMID: 35937022 PMCID: PMC9347697 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) represents the most observed clinical feature of primary herpes infection with the simplex virus (HSV). It is often caused by HSV‐1 and affects children most of the time. Unlike, the majority of primary HSV infections that is asymptomatic. It may be preceded by some prodromal symptoms like fever, anorexia, irritability, malaise, and headache. After the resolution of the primary infection, the virus remains latent in a nervous ganglion. The aim of the present paper was to report a case of severe PHGS with herpetic whitlow in a 10‐year‐old child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Khalifa
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Dental Clinic of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11) University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Afef Slim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Dental Clinic of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11) University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Garma Maroua
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Dental Clinic of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11) University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Sameh Sioud
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Dental Clinic of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11) University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Hajer Hentati
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Dental Clinic of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11) University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Jamil Selmi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Dental Clinic of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11) University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
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Aliabadi N, Jamalidoust M, Pouladfar G, Ziyaeyan A, Ziyaeyan M. Antiviral activity of triptolide on herpes simplex virus in vitro. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e667. [PMID: 35759241 PMCID: PMC9208287 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus‐type 1 (HSV‐1) can cause diseases, especially amongst neonates and immunocompromised hosts. Hence, developing a novel anti‐HSV‐1 drug with low‐level toxicity is vital. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide is a natural product with range of bioactivity qualities. Methods In this study, viral infection was assessed in different phases of the HSV‐1 replication cycle on A549 cells, using various assays, such as adsorption inhibition assay, penetration inhibition assay, time‐of‐addition assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results The results indicate that TP can effectively inhibit HSV‐1 infection in the lowest range of concentration. TP exhibited significant inhibitory effect on HSV‐1 plaque formation, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.05 µM. Furthermore, the time‐of‐addition assay suggests that TP has viral inhibitory effects when it was added less than 8 h postinfection (h.p.i.). This result is further confirmed by decline in the expression viral immediate‐early genes (ICP4, ICP22, and ICP27) in 6 h.p.i in the TP‐treated group compared to the control group, evaluated by real‐time qPCR. The Western blotting result was also consistent with the previous findings, which confirms that TP can positively affect ICP4 during HSV‐1 infection. Conclusions The TP also showed antiviral activity against HSV‐1. This dose‐dependent activity is an indication of a particular cellular component, rather than cytotoxicity that has mediated its function. Finally, the result suggest a new approach for an effective treatment option of the HSV‐1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Aliabadi
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jamalidoust
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Pouladfar
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atoosa Ziyaeyan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mazyar Ziyaeyan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yao H, Zhang Q, Song Q, Liu M, Tang G. Characteristics of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Their Association With Socioeconomic Status and Systemic Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Consecutively Collected Oral Medicine Clinic Data in a Remote Rural Area of China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:897814. [PMID: 35677771 PMCID: PMC9168324 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.897814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epidemiological data of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) are required to develop practical oral care policies. However, limited data are available for rural areas in China. We aimed to estimate the spectrum and frequency of OMLs and to identify their associated socioeconomic status (SES) and systemic health in a remote rural area in Yunnan, China. Methods We screened patients for OMLs in an oral medicine clinic in rural Yunnan, China, from August 2020 to February 2021. OMLs were documented. SES, including the highest education level achieved and the previous month's household income, as well as the patient's systemic health, including a history of smoking, alcohol use, and chronic disease, were obtained from the Medical History/Health Questionnaire Form and patient medical records. Results A total of 146 patients were found to have OMLs. The most frequent OML was aphthous ulcer (n = 41, 28.1%), followed by burning mouth syndrome (BMS) (n = 16, 11.0%), viral ulcer (n = 14, 9.6%), and oral lichen planus (OLP) (n = 9, 6.2%). In these patients, the most common chronic diseases were sleep apnea (n = 35, 24.0%), hypertension (n = 23, 15.8%), bronchitis (n = 16, 11.0%), reflux (including gastroesophageal reflux disease) (n = 12, 8.2%), and arthritis (n = 11, 7.5%). On adjusted regression, the patients without chronic diseases had a lower risk of BMS than those with chronic diseases [odds ratio (OR), 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03–0.9]. Age was an independent protective factor for viral ulcers (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9–1.0). Patients with low-income levels had a lower risk of OLP than those with high-income levels (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05–0.9). Conclusions Our oral medicine clinic data in remote Yunnan, China, showed the most frequent OML was aphthous ulcer, which was followed by BMS, viral ulcer, and OLP. Oral care policies should be prioritized among patients with aphthous ulcer. Preventive strategy of BMS should be targeted to people with chronic disease for health equalities. Therefore, an individualized strategy for interventions of OMLs might be optimal, based on the specific epidemiologic characteristics in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated With Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated With Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated With Dali University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingshan Liu
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Guoyao Tang
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12
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Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy versus antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpetic gingivostomatitis among children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nakagawa H, Kusuyama T, Miyamoto M, Saito K, Ikeda S. Primary herpetic oropharyngitis in adults: Differences in clinical features between Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. A retrospective study. Clin Otolaryngol 2021; 47:328-330. [PMID: 34741784 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report on the differences between adult primary herpetic oropharyngitis caused by the two types of the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Forty-one (25 type 1 and 16 type 2) HSV specific antigen positive cases among 68 immunoserologically confirmed adult primary HSV infection cases were investigated. A significantly low incidence of oral lesions and high incidence of nausea were seen in HSV type 2 oropharyngitis cases, which potentially indicates an association between the vagus nerve and HSV type 2 infection. Significantly increased white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein level were observed in HSV type 2 oropharyngitis cases. HSV type 2 possibly causes more severe symptoms and inflammatory reactions than HSV type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Seibo International Catholic Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Miyamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
A variety of acute oral lesions may be encountered in the scope of dermatology. Oral lesions may be single or multiple; may arise secondary to infectious, immune, congenital, medication use, or idiopathic causes; and may take a variety of forms. A thorough evaluation of the oral cavity is required to assess patients with oral lesions. Affected patients may be monitored, treated, or referred to an appropriate specialist for further management as needed. Many acute oral lesions are self-limiting in nature and patients may require only assessment and reassurance. Several common acute oral lesions are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine France
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 512A, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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15
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Adolescents and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis: an Italian overview. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:801-805. [PMID: 33993407 PMCID: PMC8983502 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the therapies administered to Italian adolescents with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) Methods The medical records of 74 adolescents with PHSG were reviewed. The following data were recorded: age, gender, day of onset, type of treatment, lesions’ severity, pain scoring, eating, and drinking ability. The oral examination was performed at the first evaluation (T0) and after one week (T1). Results All patients showed up at the first visit at least 48 h after the onset of symptoms. No patient was prescribed an antiviral therapy. An antibiotic therapy was prescribed in order to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Fifteen patients had been treated with non alcoholic chlorhexidine rinses (group A), 29 patients with non alcoholic chlorhexidine rinses plus hyaluronic acid gel (group B); 30 patients with non alcoholic chlorhexidine rinses plus Mucosyte® (group C). A significant improvement of the pain scoring and lesions’ severity was noted in group C. Conclusion In Italian adolescents, PHGS is diagnosed at least 48 h after onset and the antibiotic therapy is widely prescribed in order to prevent overinfections. Among topical therapies, an association of verbascoside and sodium hyaluronhate seems to favour a faster healing.
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16
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Wahab NZA, Azizul A, Ibrahim N. Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of Catharanthus roseus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:460-465. [PMID: 33604002 PMCID: PMC7867705 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Catharanthus roseus is generally used to treat many diseases in folklore remedies. The present study is aimed at determining phytochemical constituents, cytotoxicity and antiviral activities for crude extract of the plant. Materials and Methods: The whole plant of C. roseus was extracted using methanol extraction method. Phytochemical qualitative screening was carried out for C. roseus extract according to standard procedures used to test for the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid and steroid. Cytotoxicity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Plaque reduction assays were carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of C. roseus extract against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). These include post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays. Results: C. roseus extract contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, saponin and terpenoid but does not contain steroid. Cytotoxicity screening against Vero cells using MTT assay showed that the CC50 values for crude extract of C. roseus was 0.5 mg/mL. The extract prepared from C. roseus possesses phytochemical compound that was non-cytotoxic to the cell with potential antiviral activity. Plaque reduction assays against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) showed that the selective indices (SI = CC50 / EC50) of C. roseus extract in post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays were 36, 20 and 4.7 respectively. The results revealed that the extract prepared from C. roseus possesses phytochemical compound that was non-cytotoxic to the cell with potential antiviral activity. Conclusion: This study showed that C. roseus extract has promising potential to be explored as anti-HSV-1 agent regardless of the mode of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zarina Abd Wahab
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Azizul
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nazlina Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bangi, Malaysia
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Huang CW, Hsieh CH, Lin MR, Huang YC. Clinical features of gingivostomatitis due to primary infection of herpes simplex virus in children. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:782. [PMID: 33081701 PMCID: PMC7573873 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) in children, though usually self-limited, might mimic bacterial and enteroviral pharyngitis clinically. We conducted a study to define the clinical features of PHGS in children. Methods Between January 2012 and December 2016, 282 inpatients aged less than 19 years with cell culture-confirmed herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a medical center were identified from the virologic laboratory logbook. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Results Among the 282 inpatients, 185 cases were considered as PHGS and were included for analysis. Fever was present in 99.5%. The mean duration of fever was 5.11 days (±2.24) with the longest being 17 days. Common oral manifestations included oral ulcers (84.3%), which equally resided in the anterior and posterior part of the oral cavity (65.4% vs. 63.2%), gum swelling and/or bleeding (67.6%), and exudate coated tonsils (16.8%). Leukocytosis (WBC count > 15,000/uL3) was noted in 52 patients (28.1%) and a serum C-reactive protein level > 40 mg/L in 55 patients (29.7%). Fixty-five patients (35%) were diagnosed with PHGS on admission and were significantly more likely to have ulcers over the anterior oral cavity (76.1% vs. 26.7%) and gum swelling/bleeding (76.2% vs. 7.5%, p-value all < 0.001) on admission and were significantly less likely to receive antibiotic treatment (16.9 vs. 36.7%, p-value < 0.01) than others. Forty-six patients (25%) undiagnosed as PHGS on discharge were significantly more likely to have exudate coated on the tonsils, to receive antibiotic treatment and significantly less likely to have gum swelling/bleeding and oral ulcers (all p-values < 0.01). Conclusions Meticulously identifying specific oral manifestations of gum swelling/bleeding and ulcers over the anterior oral cavity in children can help making the diagnosis of PHGS earlier and subsequently reduce unnecessary prescription of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ru Lin
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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18
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Du Y, Wang F, Liu T, Jin X, Zhao H, Chen Q, Zeng X. Recurrent oral erythema multiforme: a case series report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:e224-e229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Alzoman H. The association between periodontal diseases and halitosis among Saudi patients. Saudi Dent J 2020; 33:34-38. [PMID: 33473240 PMCID: PMC7801244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the relationship between the presence of periodontal disease and halitosis. Methods A total of 120 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, 60 patients with probing depth (PD) > 3.0 mm (group 1) and 60 patients with PD ≤ 3.0 mm (group 2). Clinical parameters including, plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), and PD were obtained. Breath samples were collected and analyzed using a portable gas chromatograph to measure the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Results Halitosis was found to affect 58.3% of the total patients. The means of PI, BI, and VSC were significantly higher in group 1 (PD > 3.0 mm) than in group 2 (PD ≤ 3 mm). Conclusions The percentage of patients suffering from halitosis in the Saudi population are comparatively high. In addition, there was a positive association between periodontal disease and halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Disturbed Yin-Yang balance: stress increases the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections of herpes simplex virus type 1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:383-398. [PMID: 32140387 PMCID: PMC7049575 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic herpes virus, is able to establish a lifelong latent infection in the human host. Following primary replication in mucosal epithelial cells, the virus can enter sensory neurons innervating peripheral tissues via nerve termini. The viral genome is then transported to the nucleus where it can be maintained without producing infectious progeny, and thus latency is established in the cell. Yin–Yang balance is an essential concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Yin represents stable and inhibitory factors, and Yang represents the active and aggressive factors. When the organism is exposed to stress, especially psychological stress caused by emotional stimulation, the Yin–Yang balance is disturbed and the virus can re-engage in productive replication, resulting in recurrent diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the stress-induced susceptibility to HSV-1 primary infection and reactivation is needed and will provide helpful insights into the effective control and treatment of HSV-1. Here we reviewed the recent advances in the studies of HSV-1 susceptibility, latency and reactivation. We included mechanisms involved in primary infection and the regulation of latency and described how stress-induced changes increase the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections.
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Key Words
- 4E-BP, eIF4E-binding protein
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK, AMP-dependent kinase
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CNS, central nervous system
- CORT, corticosterone
- CPE, cytopathic effect
- CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CoREST, REST corepressor 1
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DEX, dexamethasone
- GREs, GR response elements
- GRs, glucocorticoid receptors
- H3K9, histone H3 on lysines 9
- HCF-1, host cell factor 1
- HDACs, histone deacetylases
- HPA axis, hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis
- HPK, herpetic simplex keratitis
- HPT axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis
- HSV-1
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1
- Herpes simplex virus type 1
- ICP, infected cell polypeptide
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- KLF15, Krüppel-like transcription factor 15
- LAT, latency-associated transcripts
- LRF, Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor
- LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1
- Latency
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- ND10, nuclear domains 10
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- OCT-1, octamer binding protein 1
- ORFs, open reading frames
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PML, promyelocytic leukemia protein
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PRC1, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1
- PRRs, pattern-recognition receptors
- PTMs, post-translational modifications
- RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligands
- REST, RE1-silencing transcription factor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactivation
- SGKs, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinases
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Stress
- Susceptibility
- T3, thyroid hormone
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TG, trigeminal ganglia
- TK, thymidine kinase
- TRIM14, tripartite motif-containing 14
- TRKA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A
- TRM, tissue resident memory T cells
- cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- sncRNAs, small non-coding RNAs
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Petti S, Lodi G. The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1850-1865. [PMID: 31733122 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the immunocompetent host is complex and rich in controversial phenomena, namely the role of unapparent transmission in primary infection acquisition, the high frequency of asymptomatic primary and recurrent infections, the lack of immunogenicity of HSV-1 internalized in the soma (cell body) of the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, the lytic activity of HSV-1 in the soma of neurons that is inhibited in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and often uncontrolled in the other neurons, the role of keratin in promoting the development of recurrence episodes in immunocompetent hosts, the virus-host Nash equilibrium, the paradoxical HSV-1-seronegative individuals who shed HSV-1 through saliva, the limited efficacy of anti-HSV vaccines, and why the oral route of infection is the least likely to produce severe complications. The natural history of oral HSV-1 infection is also a history of symbiosis between humans and virus that may switch from mutualism to parasitism and vice versa. This balance is typical of microorganisms that are highly coevolved with humans, and its knowledge is essential to oral healthcare providers to perform adequate diagnosis and provide proper individual-based HSV-1 infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Bilodeau EA, Lalla RV. Recurrent oral ulceration: Etiology, classification, management, and diagnostic algorithm. Periodontol 2000 2019; 80:49-60. [PMID: 31090148 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent oral ulcerations are manifestations of a heterogeneous set of both general and more-or-less specific oral diseases due to numerous potential etiologies, including, but not limited to, infections, medications, autoimmune disease, and other systemic disease. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of the common causes of recurrent oral ulceration. The following types/etiologies of recurrent oral ulceration are covered: traumatic ulceration, chemical ulceration, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, medication-related ulceration, infectious ulceration, mucocutaneous disease, and autoimmune/systemic disease. A diagnostic algorithm for recurrent oral ulceration is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bilodeau
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh V Lalla
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Yunusa T, Haruna SA, Garba HZ. Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients in Resource-Limited Setting. J Glob Infect Dis 2019; 11:107-111. [PMID: 31543652 PMCID: PMC6733187 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_168_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There are two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV): HSV Type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV Type 1 (HSV-2). Viral comorbidity in HIV is on the increase. This study determines the seroprevalence of HSV 1 and 2 among immunodeficient patients in Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study which spanned 24 months from October 2014 to September 2016. A total of 160 HIV seropositive patients were recruited from venereology clinic. Results: The overall prevalence of herpes simplex infection among HIV seropositive patients in this study was 13.8%, the prevalence of herpes simplex Type 1 was 63.6%, while that of herpes simplex Type 2 was 36.4%. The mean age of the patients was 29 ± 13.9 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1:2. There were 52 male (32.5%) and 108 female (67.5%) seropositives. Among the 22 patients with positive HSV result, seven representing 31.8% were males, while 15 (68.2%) were females. The buttock was the predominant site of the body affected by herpes lesions in 7 of the patients representing 31.8%, four of these patients were infected with herpes simplex Type 2, while three representing 21.4% were herpes simplex Type 1. Other body sites are labia/penile (18.1%), oral (22.7%), and nasal (13.6%). In association with CD4 counts, five (35.7%) Herpes simplex Type 1 was isolated from patients with CD4 counts of 200–500 cell/mm and >500 cells/mm, respectively. The seroprevalence of herpes simplex Type 2 among patients with CD4 counts of <200 cell/mm was 62.5%. Conclusion: Herpes simplex infections are important viral comorbidity among HIV patients; this was more observed among females. Sexual practice play an important role with the occurrence of HSV-1 in patients with genital rash and predominance of buttock lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thairu Yunusa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Shehu Abubakar Haruna
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Habib Zaiyad Garba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
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Ng NBH, Yeo WS. An extensive perioral rash. BMJ 2019; 366:l5014. [PMID: 31537536 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beng-Hui Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Singapore
| | - Wee-Song Yeo
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, Singapore
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García Sánchez P, Rosich Del Cacho B, Calle Gómez Á, López RL, Barriocanal MB, de Ceano-Vivas La Calle M. Clinical Report of an Unusual Life-Threatening Complication of Gingivostomatitis. J Emerg Med 2019; 57:e91-e93. [PMID: 31409502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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26
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Xu W, Zhou H, Li X, Wang L, Guo X, Yin L, Chang H, Wei Y, Li Q, Deng J, Zhou X, Yang H, Zhang X, Yi F, Ma W. C1Q/TNF-related protein 4 expression correlates with herpes simplex encephalitis progression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:235. [PMID: 31317005 PMCID: PMC6603354 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), an acute inflammatory disease of the central nervous system is caused by the herpes simplex virus infection. HSE occurs at any age, and it is often accompanied by high mortality and neurological dysfunction. The C1Q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, usually contains a homotrimeric structure, which comprises the N-terminal signal peptide and the C-terminal C1q globular domain. It has been demonstrated that CTRPs play pivotal roles in the inflammation process. CTRP4 is a member of the CTRP family and contains two C1q globular domains. Moreover, evidence shows that the recombinant human CTRP4 (rhCTRP4) protein exerts satisfactory anti-inflammatory effects in experimental colitis models via the NF-κB pathway. However, its role in inflammation-related neurological diseases remains unknown. METHODS The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of CTRP4 and its correlation with HSE progression. We determined the serum CTRP4 levels in a normal brain, tuberculous meningitis (TBM), bacterial meningitis (BM) and HSE. RESULTS We found that compared to a normal brain, TBM and BM, CTRP4 was significantly increased in HSE. Moreover, in the course of HSE, serum interleukin (IL-6) and necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also increased and were closely associated with CTRP4 expression. CTRP4 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the normal control brain tissues, HSE, TBM and BM brain tissues. High positively expression of CTRP4 was found in HSE. In the normal brain tissue, TBM, and BM brain tissues, CTRP4 showed a weak expression. In the clinical evaluation, CTRP4 expression correlated closely with an ascending stage of the disease [mini-mental state examination (MMSE) evaluation, MRI imaging). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CTRP4 is highly expressed in HSE and is closely related to the progression of HSE. Thus, CTRP4 may serve as a potential severity index for HSE and targeting CTRP4 might be a promising therapeutic strategy against HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinwu Guo
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha 410205, China
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haoxiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Department of Neurology Lishilu Outpatient, PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Wenping Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Li TH, Lai CC, Wang WH, Chen WS, Tsao YP, Tsai CY, Chang YS. Risk of severe herpes simplex virus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of epidemiology and risk factors analysis in Taiwan. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:941-946. [PMID: 30954968 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are susceptible to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, which occasionally leads to severe complications including meningoencephalitis and keratitis. However, few attempts to analyse the associated incidence and risk factors have been made. METHODS We enrolled patients with SLE recorded between 1997 and 2012 and compared the incidence rate (IR) of severe HSV infection, including meningoencephalitis, septicaemia, ocular and visceral involvement, and other specific complications demanding hospitalisation, with that of a non-SLE cohort. A Cox multivariate proportional hazards model was applied to analyse the risk factors of severe HSV infection in patients with SLE. RESULTS A total of 122 520 subjects (24 504 patients with SLE and 98 016 age-matched and sex-matched non-SLE controls) were included, and a higher IR of severe HSV infection was revealed in the SLE group (IR ratio=3.93, p<0.001). In patients with SLE, previous oral and genital infection (HR=2.29, p=0.049), intravenous steroid pulse therapy (HR=5.32, p<0.001) and daily oral dose of over 7.5 mg of prednisolone (HR=1.59, p=0.024) were independent risk factors for severe HSV infection, whereas age of ≤18 (HR=0.45, p=0.029) was a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SLE are at higher risk of severe HSV infection, and related risk factors include being older than 18 years, having a history of HSV mucocutaneous infection, recent receipt of steroid pulse therapy and a daily oral dose of steroid over 7.5 mg prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Li
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Lai
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Divisionof Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiu Wang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Sanzhi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Chen
- Divisionof Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Tsao
- Divisionof Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Divisionof Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fitzpatrick SG, Cohen DM, Clark AN. Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 13:91-102. [PMID: 30701449 PMCID: PMC6405793 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerated lesions of the oral cavity have many underlying etiologic factors, most commonly infection, immune related, traumatic, or neoplastic. A detailed patient history is critical in assessing ulcerative oral lesions and should include a complete medical and medication history; whether an inciting or triggering trauma, condition, or medication can be identified; the length of time the lesion has been present; the frequency of episodes in recurrent cases; the presence or absence of pain; and the growth of the lesion over time. For multiple or recurrent lesions the presence or history of ulcers on the skin, genital areas, or eyes should be evaluated along with any accompanying systemic symptoms such as fever, arthritis, or other signs of underlying systemic disease. Biopsy may be indicated in many ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity although some are more suitable for clinical diagnosis. Neoplastic ulcerated lesions are notorious in the oral cavity for their ability to mimic benign ulcerative lesions, highlighting the essential nature of biopsy to establish a diagnosis in cases that are not clinically identifiable or do not respond as expected to treatment. Adjunctive tests may be required for final diagnosis of some ulcerated lesions especially autoimmune lesions. Laboratory tests or evaluation to rule out systemic disease may be also required for recurrent or severe ulcerations especially when accompanied by other symptoms. This discussion will describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a variety of ulcerated lesions found in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Fitzpatrick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Donald M Cohen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N Clark
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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Gupta K, Singh S, Kannan S. Diagnosis lies in the eyes of beholder: Linear gingival erythema in a non-HIV pediatric patient. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_125_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Katsumata K, Chono K, Suzuki H. Antiviral efficacy of the helicase-primase inhibitor amenamevir in murine models of severe herpesvirus infection. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:201-206. [PMID: 30365949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Existing treatments have limited efficacy against severe infection associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes zoster virus (VZV), particularly in immunocompromized patients and those with multidermatomal infection. This issue, along with issues regarding drug resistance, support the need for improved therapeutic options. To investigate the antiviral effect of amenamevir, a VZV and HSV helicase-primase inhibitor, in severe infection conditions, mouse models of severe HSV-1 infection were developed by immunosuppression or multidermatomal infection. Mice with cyclosporin-induced immunosuppression and HSV-1 infection via inoculation of a dorsolateral area of skin were orally treated with amenamevir (10-100 mg/kg/day) for different durations (2-5 days). Immunosuppressed mice maintained high skin HSV-1 titers in the absence of treatment. Amenamevir successfully reduced HSV-1 titers at all tested doses in immunosuppressed mice, but required a longer treatment period to avoid a rebound in viral titers due to immunosuppression. To compare the efficacy of amenamevir and valacyclovir, a murine model of multidermatomal HSV-1 infection was generated by scarifying the dorsolateral area of skin in a line and inoculating broadly with HSV-1. The mice were treated with amenamevir or valacyclovir starting on Day 3, 4, or 5 post-infection for 5 days. Although both drugs similarly reduced disease scores when treatment was started on Day 3, amenamevir also reduced disease severity when treatment was initiated on Day 4, whereas valacyclovir did not. Amenamevir was not affected by the host's immune status in terms of effective oral doses and was more efficacious in treating severe cutaneous infection even when treatment initiation was delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomitsu Katsumata
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Chono
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Gittler JK, Mu EW, Orlow SJ. Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Seen in the Pediatric Dermatology Office. Pediatr Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28636180 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Atypical and severe clinical manifestations of primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections may present to a pediatric dermatologist for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of the population diagnosed with HSV referred to a pediatric dermatology office. METHODS This retrospective case series examined patients diagnosed with HSV in a pediatric dermatology practice at an academic medical center from 2005 to 2015. Characteristics of the population were collected and analyzed. RESULTS In this study of 48 children diagnosed with HSV, 33% presented at age 2 years or younger, with approximately half having exhibited initial symptoms before 2 years of age; 39.6% of the population had six or more outbreaks per year. The outbreaks were equally divided between unifocal and multifocal presentations, with 60% of children without any labial or mucosal involvement. Suppressive treatment was initiated in 33% of patients; the average age at initiation was 6 years. CONCLUSION Our data characterize a subset of immunocompetent young children who present to pediatric dermatologists with frequent HSV outbreaks that are often multifocal and involve cutaneous sites, with or without mucosal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Gittler
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Euphemia W Mu
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Seth J Orlow
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Sampaio-Maia B, Caldas IM, Pereira ML, Pérez-Mongiovi D, Araujo R. The Oral Microbiome in Health and Its Implication in Oral and Systemic Diseases. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 97:171-210. [PMID: 27926431 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome can alter the balance between health and disease, locally and systemically. Within the oral cavity, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses may all be found, each having a particular role, but strongly interacting with each other and with the host, in sickness or in health. A description on how colonization occurs and how the oral microbiome dynamically evolves throughout the host's life is given. In this chapter the authors also address oral and nonoral conditions in which oral microorganisms may play a role in the etiology and progression, presenting the up-to-date knowledge on oral dysbiosis as well as the known underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms involving oral microorganisms in each condition. In oral pathology, oral microorganisms are associated with several diseases, namely dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, and also oral cancer. In systemic diseases, nonoral infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes are among the most prevalent pathologies linked with oral cavity microorganisms. The knowledge on how colonization occurs, how oral microbiome coevolves with the host, and how oral microorganisms interact with each other may be a key factor to understand diseases etiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I M Caldas
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - D Pérez-Mongiovi
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - R Araujo
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Nasser M, Fedorowicz Z, Khoshnevisan MH, Shahiri Tabarestani M. WITHDRAWN: Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD006700. [PMID: 26784280 PMCID: PMC10641649 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006700.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cochrane Oral Health Group withdrew this review as of Issue 1, 2016. The review is out of date and does not meet current Cochrane methodological standards. It will be superseded by a new expanded Cochrane review on Interventions for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nasser
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and DentistryPeninsula Dental SchoolThe John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park,PlymouthUKPL6 8BU
| | | | - Mohammad H Khoshnevisan
- School of Dentistry of SBMUCommunity Oral HealthDaneshjou Boulevard, Tabnak StreetVelenjakTehranIran
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Shen JH, Huang KYA, Chao-Yu C, Chen CJ, Lin TY, Huang YC. Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 in Taiwan and Risk Factor Analysis, 2007. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134178. [PMID: 26252011 PMCID: PMC4529201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) are common human pathogens and might cause severe illness. Following primary infection, the viruses establish lifelong latent infection and are transmitted by close contact, both sexual and nonsexual. However, the information about the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 across all age groups is limited. Methods Residual sera collected during the nationwide serosurvey in 2007 in Taiwan were selected for the study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 type-specific glycoprotein IgG. Demographics and personal health data were used for risk analysis. Results A total of 1411 and 1072 serum samples were included for anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 seroprevalence analysis, respectively. The weighted overall seroprevalence was 63.2% for HSV-1, and 7.7% for HSV-2, respectively. The HSV-1 seropositive rate was 19.2% for those less than 5 years old, increased to 46.4% for those aged 5–13 years, 60.9% for those aged 14–29 years, and reached as much as 95.0% for those aged over 30 years. In contrast, the HSV-2 seropositve rate was 1.6% for those less than 30 years old, rose to 10.1% for those age 30–39 years, and was up to 31.2% for those aged over 60 years. A significantly higher HSV-2 seropositive rate was noted in females than males aged over 40 years (26.3% v.s. 16.8%), and the overall HSV-2 seropositive rate was almost twice higher in females than males. Smoking history, drinking habit, and educational level were associated with the HSV-1 seropositivity. Female gender and rural residence were independent factors for the HSV-2 seropositivity. Conclusions An obvious increase of primary HSV-1 infection occurred in late adolescents and young adults, joined by the rise of HSV-2 infection in middle-aged adults, especially females. The acquistion and transmission of HSV warrant further studies in the susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hsiang Shen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Arthur Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen Chao-Yu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Rządkowska M, Szacoń E, Kaczor AA, Rajtar B, Świątek Ł, Polz-Dacewicz M, Matosiuk D. Synthesis, antiviral activity and structure-activity relationship of 1-(1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline)-3-chlorosulfonylureas and products of their cyclization. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26212601 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1069287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 1-(1-aryl-4,5dihydro-1H-imidazoline)-3-chlorosulfonylourea derivatives 3a-3f were synthesized in the reaction of 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amines with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The second series of compounds 4a-4f was prepared from the respective 1-(1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline)-3-chlorsulfonylureas 3a-3f and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). The selected compounds were tested for their activity against Herpes simplex virus and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). It was determined that three derivatives, i.e 3d, 4a and 4d are active against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Compounds 3d and 4c are active against CVB3. Their favorable activity can be primarily attributed to their low lipophilicity values. Moreover, the lack of substituent in the phenyl moiety or 4-methoxy substitution can be considered as the most beneficial for the antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Rządkowska
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szacoń
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland .,b School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland , and
| | - Barbara Rajtar
- c Department of Virology , Medical University of Lublin, I Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division , Lublin , Poland
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- c Department of Virology , Medical University of Lublin, I Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division , Lublin , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- c Department of Virology , Medical University of Lublin, I Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division , Lublin , Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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Casagrande RA, Pannuti CS, Kanamura C, Freire WS, Grespan A, Matushima ER. Fatal Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) infection in captive marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata) in Brazil: clinical and pathological characterization. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014001100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatal Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) was diagnosed in 12 captive marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata) from metropolitan region of São Paulo, São Paulo State. Clinical signs were variable among the cases, but most affected marmosets presented signs associated with viral epithelial replication: oral, lingual and facial skin ulcers and hypersalivation, and viral replication in the central nervous system: prostration, seizure and aggressive behavior. Consistent microscopic findings were diffuse mild to severe nonsuppurative necrotizing meningoencephalitis with gliosis, vasculitis and neuronal necrosis. Additionally, in the brain, oral cavity, skin, adrenal gland and myoenteric plexus intranuclear inclusion bodies were present. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of the HHV-1 antigen in association with lesions in the brain, oral and lingual mucosa, facial skin, adrenal gland and myoenteric plexus. HHV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the brain was carried out and the virus was detected in 7/8 infected marmosets. It is concluded that HHV-1 causes widespread fatal infection in marmosets.
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Nair RG, Salajegheh A, Itthagarun A, Pakneshan S, Brennan MT, Samaranayake LP. Orofacial viral infections--an update for clinicians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:518-20, 522-4. [PMID: 25195484 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2014.41.6.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Orofacial viral infections may be less common but appear in different clinical forms. Often these infections get initially treated by antibiotics which obviously will have limited or no effect. The authors review the current concepts of orofacial viral infections, causative agents, their classification and clinical manifestations and a basis for treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Most viral infections do not require any specific treatment except in patients who are immunosuppressed or immunodeficient. Appropriate diagnosis and timely management of orofacial viral lesions are important irrespective of whether it is localized or a manifestation of a systemic infection.
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Pereira JA, Pessoa AM, Cordeiro MNDS, Fernandes R, Prudêncio C, Noronha JP, Vieira M. Quinoxaline, its derivatives and applications: A State of the Art review. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:664-72. [PMID: 25011559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives are an important class of heterocycle compounds, where N replaces some carbon atoms in the ring of naphthalene. Its molecular formula is C8H6N2, formed by the fusion of two aromatic rings, benzene and pyrazine. It is rare in natural state, but their synthesis is easy to perform. In this review the State of the Art will be presented, which includes a summary of the progress made over the past years in the knowledge of the structure and mechanism of the quinoxaline and quinoxaline derivatives, associated medical and biomedical value as well as industrial value. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana A Pereira
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ana M Pessoa
- REQUIMTE, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Estudos Industriais e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESEIG-IPP), 4480-876 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- Escola Superior de Estudos Industriais e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESEIG-IPP), 4480-876 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Centro de Farmacologia e Biopatologia Química (U38-FCT), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Centro de Farmacologia e Biopatologia Química (U38-FCT), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; USF Abel Salazar, ARS Norte, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Noronha
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Role of polycomb proteins in regulating HSV-1 latency. Viruses 2013; 5:1740-57. [PMID: 23860385 PMCID: PMC3738959 DOI: 10.3390/v5071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes a latent infection within sensory neurons of humans. Latency is characterized by the transcriptional repression of lytic genes by the condensation of lytic gene regions into heterochromatin. Recent data suggest that facultative heterochromatin predominates, and that cellular Polycomb proteins are involved in the establishment and maintenance of transcriptional repression during latency. This review summarizes these data and discusses the implication of viral and cellular factors in regulating heterochromatin composition.
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Mohan RPS, Verma S, Singh U, Agarwal N. Acute primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-200074. [PMID: 23839615 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded virus belonging to human herpes virus family. Although it exists in eight various forms, HSV-1 causes most of the oral infections. Since dentists are more likely to be consulted in the case of oral infections, familiarity with these lesions becomes mandatory. It is more commonly reported in children and rarely in adults. This article presents an acute episode of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in a 32-year-old male patient.
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Beck-Broichsitter BE, Klapper W, Günther A, Wiltfang J, Becker ST. Gingival ulceration and exposed bone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:288-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Anti-herpes simplex virus efficacies of 2-aminobenzamide derivatives as novel HSP90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4703-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Prevention of recurrent herpes labialis outbreaks through low-intensity laser therapy: a clinical protocol with 3-year follow-up. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:1077-83. [PMID: 22086666 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ju HQ, Xiang YF, Xin BJ, Pei Y, Lu JX, Wang QL, Xia M, Qian CW, Ren Z, Wang SY, Wang YF, Xing GW. Synthesis and in vitro anti-HSV-1 activity of a novel Hsp90 inhibitor BJ-B11. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1675-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yudovin-Farber I, Gurt I, Hope R, Domb AJ, Katz E. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus by polyamines. Antivir Chem Chemother 2009; 20:87-98. [PMID: 19843979 DOI: 10.3851/imp1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latent infection in humans with periodic reactivation. Acyclovir, valacyclovir and foscarnet are in medical use today against HSV type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2), inhibiting the DNA synthesis of the viruses. Additional drugs that will affect the growth of these viruses by other mechanisms and also decrease the frequency of appearance of drug-resistant mutants are required. METHODS Cationic polysaccharides were synthesized by conjugation of various oligoamines to oxidized polysaccharides by reductive amination. Polycations of dextran, pullulan and arabinogalactan were grafted with oligoamines of 2-4 amino groups forming Schiff-base imine-based conjugates followed by reduction with borohydride to obtain the stable amine-based conjugate. Evaluation of toxicity to BS-C-1 cells and antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 of the different compounds was performed in vitro by a semiquantitative assay. A quantitative study with a selected compound followed. RESULTS Structure-activity relationship studies showed that the nature of the grafted oligoamine of the polycation plays an essential role in the antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Dextran-propan-1,3-diamine (DPD) was found to be the most potent of all the compounds examined. DPD did not decrease the infectivity of HSV upon direct exposure to the virions. The growth of HSV was significantly inhibited when DPD was added to the host cells 1 h prior to infection, thus preventing the adsorption and penetration of the virus into the cells. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro data warrant clinical investigation. DPD could have an advantage as a topical application in combination therapy of HSV lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Yudovin-Farber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Nasser M, Fedorowicz Z, Khoshnevisan MH, Shahiri Tabarestani M. Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD006700. [PMID: 18843726 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006700.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is a highly contagious infection of the oral cavity which typically affects children but can also occur in adults. Symptoms may vary widely from mild discomfort to life-threatening encephalitis. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic acyclovir for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 22 May 2008); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2); MEDLINE (1950 to 22 May 2008); and EMBASE (1980 to 22 May 2008). There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing acyclovir to placebo in children and young adults < 25 years of age with a diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis with or without herpes labialis were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently and in duplicate screened and extracted information from, and assessed the risk of bias in the included clinical trials. The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines were followed for data synthesis. MAIN RESULTS Only two clinical trials, one with 72 participants and the other with 20 participants were included in this review. The second study failed to report several methodological items and was inconsistent in its reporting of the outcomes measurement.The first trial, with a moderate risk of bias, showed better results in the acyclovir group compared to the placebo group in children < 6 years of age in reducing the number of individuals with oral lesions (risk ratio (RR) 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.38)), new extraoral lesions (RR 0.04 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.65)), difficulty in eating (RR 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.58)), and drinking difficulties (RR 0.11 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.83)) after 8 days of treatment.Following the onset of treatment, three patients from the placebo group were admitted to hospital for rehydration (P = 0.11).Four children (two from the acyclovir, and two from the placebo group) showed mild gastrointestinal symptoms that resolved spontaneously after 24 to 48 hours without a change in the study treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found two relevant trials in this systematic review, only one of them could provide some weak evidence that acyclovir is an effective treatment in reducing the number of oral lesions, preventing the development of new extraoral lesions, decreasing the number of individuals with difficulties experienced in eating and drinking and reducing hospital admission for children under 6 years of age with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nasser
- Department of Health Information, Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, Dillenburger Street, 27, D-51105, Köln, Germany, D-51105.
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Abstract
There are many types of diseases associated with the oral cavity. As an adjunct to professional oral dental care, various drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the treatment or prevention of these diseases. In this manuscript, the current status of drug delivery strategies for these common orofacial diseases is reviewed. Biomineral-binding drug delivery and on-demand drug release are suggested to be considered in the future design of drug delivery systems for orofacial diseases. Apparently, this research field deserves much more attention from both pharmaceutical scientists and dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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