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Gao P, Fan Y, Kong X, Zhang R, Chen L, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhao M, Deng G, Cao Y, Ma L. A novel assay based on DNA melting temperature for multiplexed identification of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B viruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249085. [PMID: 38173675 PMCID: PMC10762780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses can cause respiratory illnesses with similar clinical symptoms, making their differential diagnoses challenging. Additionally, in critically ill SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, co-infections with other respiratory pathogens can lead to severe cytokine storm and serious complications. Therefore, a method for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A and B viruses will be clinically beneficial. Methods We designed an assay to detect five gene targets simultaneously via asymmetric PCR-mediated melting curve analysis in a single tube. We used specific probes that hybridize to corresponding single-stranded amplicons at low temperature and dissociate at high temperature, creating different detection peaks representing the targets. The entire reaction was conducted in a closed tube, which minimizes the risk of contamination. The limit of detection, specificity, precision, and accuracy were determined. Results The assay exhibited a limit of detection of <20 copies/μL for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A and <30 copies/μL for influenza B, with high reliability as demonstrated by a coefficient of variation for melting temperature of <1.16% across three virus concentrations. The performance of our developed assay and the pre-determined assay showed excellent agreement for clinical samples, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.98 (for influenza A) to 1.00 (for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B). No false-positive, and no cross-reactivity was observed with six common non-influenza respiratory viruses. Conclusion The newly developed assay offers a straightforward, cost-effective and nucleic acid contamination-free approach for simultaneous detection of the SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, and influenza B viruses. The method offers high analytical sensitivity, reliability, specificity, and accuracy. Its use will streamline testing for co-infections, increase testing throughput, and improve laboratory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomu Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxiong Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Qian W, Huang J, Wang T, He X, Xu G, Li Y. Visual detection of human metapneumovirus using CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics. Virus Res 2021; 305:198568. [PMID: 34555442 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HmPV) is a common and serious virus that causes respiratory tract infection. This study aimed to develop a detection technique by combining reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) with CRISPR-Cas12a (RT-RPA-Cas12a) for clinical diagnosis of HmPV. Herein, four primer pairs targeting partial nucleoprotein (N) gene of HmPV were designed and evaluated. Then, the products amplified by RT-RPA were detected using CRISPR-Cas12a combined with fluorescence or lateral flow (LF). RT-RPA-Cas12a-based fluorescence or LF assay can be completed within 35 min or 45 min, and the detection limit was up to 6.97 × 102 copies/mL. And there was no cross reaction with human bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus. By combining with LF, the detection results were evaluated by naked eyes. Furthermore, 28 clinical samples were applied to examine the performance of RT-RPA-Cas12a system. The detection coincidence rates of RT-RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence and RT-RPA-Cas12a-LF with quantitative RT-PCR were 96.4% and 92.9%, respectively. Together, the new method for detecting HmPV with high sensitivity and specificity based on RT-RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence or LF shows promising potential for clinical diagnosis of HmPV without professional skills or ancillary equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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Ni M, Xu H, Luo J, Liu W, Zhou D. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus and influenza B virus by one-step quadruplex real-time RT-PCR in patients with clinical manifestations. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:517-524. [PMID: 33326873 PMCID: PMC7836965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a novel quadruplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, differential diagnosis and detection of co-infections. METHODS A one-step quadruplex rRT-PCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N genes, influenza A virus (hIAV) and influenza B virus (hIBV). RESULTS The quadruplex rRT-PCR assay had good sensitivity and specificity. Correlation coefficients and amplification efficiencies of all singleplex and quadruplex rRT-PCR reactions were within acceptable ranges. The 95% lower limits of detection for plasmid standards and positive nucleic acid extracts of the quadruplex rRT-PCR assay were 57.38-95.11 copies/μL and 114.65-154.25 copies/μL, respectively. Excellent results were attained for inter- and intra-assay reproducibility. Among these clinical samples, only four samples showed results inconsistent with the singleplex rRT-PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to report a quadruplex rRT-PCR assay for the detection of two SARS-CoV-2 genes, hIAV and hIBV with perfect clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Ni
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Centre, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Centre, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nanchang International Travel Healthcare Centre, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Donggen Zhou
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Centre, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; Nanchang International Travel Healthcare Centre, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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Human Metapneumovirus and Influenza Viruses in Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.60948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lemaitre E, Allée C, Vabret A, Eterradossi N, Brown PA. Single reaction, real time RT-PCR detection of all known avian and human metapneumoviruses. J Virol Methods 2017; 251:61-68. [PMID: 29030071 PMCID: PMC7119483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Detection of all known avian and human MPV subgroups in a single reaction rRT-PCR. Highly sensitive and specific method using SYBR Green I technology. Complete validation of the method for detection of avian metapneumoviruses.
Current molecular methods for the detection of avian and human metapneumovirus (AMPV, HMPV) are specifically targeted towards each virus species or individual subgroups of these. Here a broad range SYBR Green I real time RT-PCR was developed which amplified a highly conserved fragment of sequence in the N open reading frame. This method was sufficiently efficient and specific in detecting all MPVs. Its validation according to the NF U47-600 norm for the four AMPV subgroups estimated low limits of detection between 1000 and 10 copies/μL, similar with detection levels described previously for real time RT-PCRs targeting specific subgroups. RNA viruses present a challenge for the design of durable molecular diagnostic test due to the rate of change in their genome sequences which can vary substantially in different areas and over time. The fact that the regions of sequence for primer hybridization in the described method have remained sufficiently conserved since the AMPV and HMPV diverged, should give the best chance of continued detection of current subgroups and of potential unknown or future emerging MPV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lemaitre
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE Reference Laboratory for Turkey Rhinotracheitis, B.P.53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - C Allée
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE Reference Laboratory for Turkey Rhinotracheitis, B.P.53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - A Vabret
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - N Eterradossi
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE Reference Laboratory for Turkey Rhinotracheitis, B.P.53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - P A Brown
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), OIE Reference Laboratory for Turkey Rhinotracheitis, B.P.53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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Lowe CF, Payne M, Puddicombe D, Mah A, Wong D, Kirkwood A, Hull MW, Leung V. Antimicrobial stewardship for hospitalized patients with viral respiratory tract infections. Am J Infect Control 2017; 45:872-875. [PMID: 28526309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to implement a targeted antimicrobial stewardship intervention for patients with a viral respiratory tract infection. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental before and after audit and feedback intervention of adult inpatients with a positive polymerase chain reaction for a respiratory virus in 2 acute care hospitals in Vancouver, Canada. Audit and feedback was implemented based on 2 criteria: microbiology (no positive bacterial cultures) and chest imaging (absence of pneumonia or consolidation on radiology dictation). A chart review was conducted to assess for days of antibiotics postviral diagnosis. Outcomes including length of stay, intensive care unit admission within 14 days, mechanical ventilation within 14 days, antibiotics prescribed within 14 days, Clostridium difficile infection diagnosed within 30 days, and readmission within 30 days were also reviewed in comparison with the previous year. RESULTS Antimicrobial stewardship recommendations for hospitalized patients with viral respiratory tract infections were accepted for 77% of cases. This targeted approach based on easily assessed parameters translated into a 1.3-day (95% confidence interval, 0.3-2.3; P < .01) decrease in mean days of antibiotics postviral diagnosis compared with the previous year without systematic interventions. Compared with the previous year, no differences were identified for adverse outcomes associated with the intervention. CONCLUSIONS A targeted antimicrobial stewardship intervention integrating virology testing with the treating physician facilitated a reduction in duration of antibiotic treatment for viral respiratory tract infections.
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You HL, Chang SJ, Yu HR, Li CC, Chen CH, Liao WT. Simultaneous detection of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus by one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR in patients with respiratory symptoms. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28347279 PMCID: PMC5368990 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are important viral pathogens causing respiratory tract infection (RTI) in the pediatric population. However, the clinical manifestations of RSV and hMPV infections are similar. Therefore, a reliable and rapid diagnostic tool is needed for diagnostic performance. METHODS In order to optimize diagnosis efficiency of RTI, the aim of this study is to establish a rapid and advanced method for simultaneous detecting RSV and hMPV in nasopharyngeal aspirates specimens from patients. We designed a one-step triplex real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) protocol using TaqMan probes for detecting RSV and hMPV. The plasmid clones containing RSV nucleoprotein gene and hMPV fusion gene were established as reference standards. We used virus culture supernatants from 86 known pediatric RTI patient to test the specificity and sensitivity of our assay. Then we used total 222 nasopharyngeal aspirates specimens from pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms to evaluate our assay. RESULTS Our one-step triplex qRT-PCR assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in testing RSV and hMPV in 86 known virus culture supernatants, with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) and reliable reproducibility (CV lower than 1.04%). This assay has a wide dynamic range 102-109copies/reaction (limit of detection; LOD = 100 copies/reaction). A total of 222 patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms were enrolled for clinical evaluation. In these samples, our qRT-PCR assay detected 68 RSV positive and 18 hMPV positive cases. However, standard virus culture only detected 8 RSV positive cases and 0 hMPV cases. Based on this improved triplex qRT-PCR assay, we found that RSV infection was associated with severe inflammation by chest X-ray and occurrence of pneumonia which were not observed previously. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive one-step triplex qRT-PCR assay to detect hMPV and RSV simultaneously. This assay offers a valuable tool for routine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling You
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Li
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nanto, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Development of a multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous diagnosis of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) from clinical specimens. Virusdisease 2016; 27:375-381. [PMID: 28004017 PMCID: PMC5142592 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are ubiquitous respiratory viral pathogens. They belong to the family Paramyxoviridae (subfamily Pneumovirinae) and is responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. We designed and tested a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) as a cost-effective alternative to real-time PCR and cell culture based detection for HMPV and HRSV. The newly developed PCR was used to screen nasal/throat swab samples from 356 patients with suspected acute respiratory infection attending the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. The method was compared with a commercially available kit employing real time PCR, for its sensitivity and specificity. 53 (14.9 %) samples were positive for at least one tested pathogen by mRT-PCR. All except one among the positive samples showed similar pathogen profile when tested using real time PCR. 8 (15.1 %) among these 53 were positive for HRSVA, 33 (62.3 %) positive for HRSVB and 12 (22.6 %) were positive for HMPV. 17 (32.7 %) samples showed co-infections in them. Sensitivity and specificity of the mRT-PCR was comparable to that of the commercial kit. Our findings indicate that this newly developed mRT-PCR can be used as a cost-effective alternative for laboratory diagnosis of HMPV/HRSV infection and will significantly reduce diagnostic costs for these viruses in clinical settings.
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Saxena S, Singh D, Zia A, Umrao J, Srivastava N, Pandey A, Singh S, Bhattacharya P, Kumari R, Kushwaha R, Dhole TN. Clinical characterization of influenza A and human respiratory syncytial virus among patients with influenza like illness. J Med Virol 2016; 89:49-54. [PMID: 27329816 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has been recognized as a major cause of acute respiratory tract infection. H1N1 is one of the subtypes of influenza A, pandemic worldwide in July 2009, causing 18,449 deaths globally. To investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestation of the influenza A, H1N1pdm09, and RSV. Throat/nasal swab collected from the patients of all age group either outpatients/inpatients having respiratory illness from 2 to 5 days. The clinical data were recorded in a predesigned questionnaire. RNA was extracted and analyzed by real time PCR at a tertiary care center, 2009-2014. Total 4,352 samples tested for influenza A and H1N1. Out of 4,352, 32.2% (median positivity 21%; range 16-41% during 6 years) were positive for influenza A and 19% were H1N1 (median positivity 16.7%; range 8.7-23% during 6 years). Total 1653 samples were analyzed for RSV from 2011 to 2014, 12% were RSV positive (median positivity 11.35%; range 10-16.3% during 4 years). Pharyngitis, dyspnea were frequent symptoms in influenza A and H1N1 (P < 0.005) whereas bronchiolitis and pneumonia were commonly present in RSV (P < 0.005). The positivity of influenza A and H1N1 was higher in age-group 21-30, whereas RSV in infant and children. H1N1 and RSV were co-circulated and have common clinical symptoms particularly in lower age group. Therefore, laboratory confirmation is necessary for further disease prognosis. Age was an important risk factor that affects the positivity of influenza A, H1N1, and RSV. Different clinical manifestation of H1N1 and RSV will be helpful for early and accurate diagnosis. J. Med. Virol. 89:49-54, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Saxena
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India.,Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Dharamveer Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Amreen Zia
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Jyoti Umrao
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Naveen Srivastava
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Piyali Bhattacharya
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Reema Kumari
- Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Ramawadh Kushwaha
- Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - T N Dhole
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India.
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Singh AK, Jain A, Jain B, Singh KP, Dangi T, Mohan M, Dwivedi M, Kumar R, Kushwaha RAS, Singh JV, Mishra AC, Chhaddha MS. Viral aetiology of acute lower respiratory tract illness in hospitalised paediatric patients of a tertiary hospital: one year prospective study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 32:13-8. [PMID: 24399381 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI), ranked as the second leading cause of death are the primary cause of hospitalisation in children. Viruses are the most important causative agents of ALRI. AIM To study the viral aetiology of ALRI in children at a tertiary care hospital. SETTING AND DESIGN One year prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital of King George's Medical University, Lucknow. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was collected from children admitted with signs and symptoms of ALRI who were aged 0-14 years. Samples were transported to the laboratory at 4°C in viral transport media and processed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, influenza virus A and B, adenovirus (ADV), human Boca virus (HBoV), human metapneumo virus (hMPV) and parainfluenzavirus 1, 2, 3 and 4 using mono/multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). STATA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In one year, 188 NPAs were screened for respiratory viruses, of which 45.7% tested positive. RSV was most commonly detected with 21.3% positivity followed by measles virus (8.5%), influenza A virus (7.4%), ADV (5.3%), influenza B virus (1.6%), hMPV (1.1%) and HBoV (0.5%). Month wise maximum positivity was seen in December and January. Positivity rate of RSV was highest in children aged < 1 year, which decreased with increase in age, while positive rate of influenza virus increased with increasing age. CONCLUSION The occurrence of viral predominance in ALRI is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Jain
- Department of Microbiology, NIV, Infl uenza division, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Panda S, Mohakud NK, Pena L, Kumar S. Human metapneumovirus: review of an important respiratory pathogen. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 25:45-52. [PMID: 24841931 PMCID: PMC7110553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), discovered in 2001, most commonly causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children, but is also a concern for elderly subjects and immune-compromised patients. hMPV is the major etiological agent responsible for about 5% to 10% of hospitalizations of children suffering from acute respiratory tract infections. hMPV infection can cause severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and its symptoms are indistinguishable from those caused by human respiratory syncytial virus. Initial infection with hMPV usually occurs during early childhood, but re-infections are common throughout life. Due to the slow growth of the virus in cell culture, molecular methods (such as reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)) are the preferred diagnostic modality for detecting hMPV. A few vaccine candidates have been shown to be effective in preventing clinical disease, but none are yet commercially available. Our understanding of hMPV has undergone major changes in recent years and in this article we will review the currently available information on the molecular biology and epidemiology of hMPV. We will also review the current therapeutic interventions and strategies being used to control hMPV infection, with an emphasis on possible approaches that could be used to develop an effective vaccine against hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Panda
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus XI, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Orissa, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Mohakud
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Lindomar Pena
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Subrat Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus XI, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Orissa, India.
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Singh AK, Jain B, Verma AK, Kumar A, Dangi T, Dwivedi M, Singh KP, Jain A. Hospital outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) illness in immunocompromised hospitalized children during summer. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 9:180-4. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K. Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Bhawana Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anil K. Verma
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Mukesh Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Kaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is 1 of the commonest causes of viral ARI especially among pediatric patients. Its incidence varies from year to year in countries belonging to moderate climate zone. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiologic characteristics of HMPV infections in Croatia. METHODS During a 4-year period (January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2012), nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 2610 children <10 years who were admitted to hospitals with acute respiratory infections. Direct immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the virus from clinical samples. Demographics and clinical data were also analyzed. RESULTS HMPV was detected in 8.4% of patients. While many of HMPV-infected children were 13-24 months of age (30.9% of all proven HMPV infections), the highest incidence of HMPV infection was recorded in 2- to 5-year-old children (11.4% of all children in this age group). HMPV caused 7.1% of upper respiratory tract infections and 11.7% of lower respiratory tract infections. Annual prevalence rates of HMPV infection varied significantly from year to year (P < 0.001). Peak incidence was detected in spring or winter months, depending on the year. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that HMPV infections in Croatia show a biennial outbreak pattern characterized by alternation of winter and spring activity. HMPV outbreaks alternate with respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks.
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Jain B, Singh AK, Dangi T, Agarwal A, Verma AK, Dwivedi M, Singh KP, Jain A. High prevalence of human metapneumovirus subtype B in cases presenting as severe acute respiratory illness: an experience at tertiary care hospital. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 8:225-33. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ajay Kr Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anjali Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Mukesh Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Kaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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15
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Zhan L, Wu WB, Yang XX, Huang CZ. Gold nanoparticle-based enhanced ELISA for respiratory syncytial virus. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive colorimetric immunoassay for the detection of RSV by adopting AuNPs as multienzyme carriers was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen Bi Wu
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao Xi Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715, China
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16
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Moura FEA, Perdigão ACB, Ribeiro JF, Florêncio CMGD, Oliveira FMS, Pereira SAR, Botosso VF, Siqueira MM, Thomazelli LM, Caldeira RN, Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL. Respiratory syncytial virus epidemic periods in an equatorial city of Brazil. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7:1128-35. [PMID: 23517375 PMCID: PMC4634240 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterization of the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) season at the local level has important implications for appropriate decisions on the time period for administration of specific prophylaxis. Objectives (1) To describe five consecutive epidemic periods of HRSV in an equatorial city of Brazil and (2) to show preliminary data on genomic diversity of circulating HRSV. Patients/Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates of 2885 children attending the emergency room and wards of a public hospital were collected and screened by indirect immunofluorescence for HRSV infections during five consecutive years (from January 2004 to December 2008). In addition, the genetic and antigenic variability of the HRSV strains isolated was evaluated by partial nucleotide sequencing of the protein G gene. Results HRSV was detected in 15·8% of the analyzed samples. HRSV seasons occurred in a restricted period of each year. The onset of each HRSV season was variable (February to May), but the end always occurred in July. From the 456 HRSV infections found, 86 cases with bronchiolitis were genotyped. Both HRSV subgroups (A and B) cocirculated during the five epidemic periods. The 58 HRSV‐A strains grouped into two clades, GA2 and GA5. In respect of the HRSV‐B strains, the 28 samples grouped into two clades: GB3 and BA. Conclusions HRSV accounts for a substantial proportion of ARI in the study population. As in temperate countries, HRSV infections in this equatorial area of Brazil also cause seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis strategies. The city of Fortaleza follows the same worldwide trend of circulation of genotypes of HRSV.
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Abstract
It has been 10 years since human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was identified as a causative agent of respiratory illness in humans. Since then, numerous studies have contributed to a substantial body of knowledge on many aspects of HMPV. This review summarizes our current knowledge on HMPV, HMPV disease pathogenesis, and disease intervention strategies and identifies a number of areas with key questions to be addressed in the future.
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18
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Jokela P, Piiparinen H, Mannonen L, Auvinen E, Lappalainen M. Performance of the Luminex xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel Fast in a clinical laboratory setting. J Virol Methods 2012; 182:82-6. [PMID: 22465255 PMCID: PMC7119588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a real-time RT-PCR for the detection of enteroviruses (EVs) and rhinoviruses (RVs) and to assess the performance of the xTAG RVP Fast assay in comparison to a direct fluorescent assay (DFA), a real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and the EV/RV RT-PCR assay developed in this study. The performance of the RVP Fast assay was assessed in the analysis of 373 nasopharyngeal samples. For the viruses of the DFA panel, detection rates of 27.6% and 23.8% were obtained by RVP and DFA, respectively, in analysis of a set of 297 samples collected in 2009–2010. These results show statistically significant superiority of the RVP Fast assay (P = 0.049). For RSV, hMPV, EV, and RV, detection rates of 48.0% and 45.2% were achieved by RVP and RT-PCR, respectively. For individual targets, increased detection of EV/RV (P = 0.043) and decreased detection of influenza A virus (P = 0.004) by RVP in comparison to real-time RT-PCR was observed. The results of the present study imply the need to adjust the InfA component of the RVP Fast assay to also cover the InfA(H1N1) 2009 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Jokela
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Pyrc K, Stożek K, Wojcik K, Gawron K, Zeglen S, Karolak W, Wojarski J, Ochman M, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Bochenek G, Sanak M, Zembala M, Szczeklik A, Potempa J. Use of sensitive, broad-spectrum molecular assays and human airway epithelium cultures for detection of respiratory pathogens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32582. [PMID: 22403676 PMCID: PMC3293820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection and identification of viruses causing respiratory tract infections is important for patient care and disease control. Despite the fact that several assays are available, identification of an etiological agent is not possible in ~30% of patients suffering from respiratory tract diseases. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to develop a diagnostic set for the detection of respiratory viruses with sensitivity as low as 1-10 copies per reaction. Evaluation of the assay using a training clinical sample set showed that viral nucleic acids were identified in ~76% of cases. To improve assay performance and facilitate the identification of novel species or emerging strains, cultures of fully differentiated human airway epithelium were used to pre-amplify infectious viruses. This additional step resulted in the detection of pathogens in all samples tested. Based on these results it can be hypothesized that the lack of an etiological agent in some clinical samples, both reported previously and observed in the present study, may result not only from the presence of unknown viral species, but also from imperfections in the detection methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pyrc
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Unbiased parallel detection of viral pathogens in clinical samples by use of a metagenomic approach. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3463-9. [PMID: 21813714 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00273-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases represent a major threat to public health and are among the greatest disease burdens worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of viral agents is crucial for both outbreak control and estimating regional disease burdens. Recently developed metagenomic methods have proven to be powerful tools for simultaneous pathogen detection. Here, we performed a systematic study of the capability of the short-read-based metagenomic approach in the molecular detection of viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (n = 16). Using the high-throughput capacity of ultradeep sequencing and a dedicated data interpretation method, we successfully identified seven species of known respiratory viral agents from 15 samples, a result that was consistent with results of conventional PCR assays. We also detected a coinfected case that was missed by regular PCR testing. Using the metagenomic data, 11 draft genomes of the abundantly detected viruses in the samples were reconstructed with 21.84% to 98.53% coverage. Our results show the power of the short-read-based metagenomic approach for accurate and parallel screening of viral pathogens. Although there are some inherent difficulties in applying this approach to clinical samples, including a lack of controls, limited specimen quantity, and high contamination rate, our work will facilitate further application of this unprecedented high-throughput method to clinical samples.
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Olofsson S, Brittain-Long R, Andersson LM, Westin J, Lindh M. PCR for detection of respiratory viruses: seasonal variations of virus infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9:615-26. [PMID: 21819328 PMCID: PMC7103711 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Real-time PCR and related methods have revolutionized the laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory infections because of their high detection sensitivity, rapidness and potential for simultaneous detection of 15 or more respiratory agents. Results from studies with this diagnostic modality have significantly expanded our knowledge about the seasonality of viral respiratory diseases, pinpointed the difficulties to make a reliable etiologic diagnosis without the aid of an unbiased multiplex molecular assay for respiratory viruses, and revealed previously unknown details as to possible infections with multiple agents as aggravating factors. The scope of this article is to review and discuss this new knowledge and its implications for diagnostic strategies and other measures essential for the clinical management of respiratory viral infections and for epidemiological surveillance of seasonal respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigvard Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Virology, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Respiratory Viral Infections. TROPICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES: PRINCIPLES, PATHOGENS AND PRACTICE 2011. [PMCID: PMC7149827 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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