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Moncayo M, Teran E, Gutierrez B, Reyes J, Cortez J, Tobar R, Yerovi G, Robalino M, Aguilar A, Garzon-Chavez D. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes in an Ecuadorian Population: A Preliminary Study. Adv Virol 2024; 2024:8823341. [PMID: 39219598 PMCID: PMC11364474 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8823341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 257-291 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization reported 890,000 HBV-related deaths in 2019, higher than reported previously. There are 10 HBV genotypes (A-J) subdivided into several subgenotypes that differ considerably by geography. Various virologic factors, including genotype and subgenotype, impact the odds of acquiring a chronic HBV infection, the type of treatment prescribed, and the risk of developing hepatocarcinoma. Information on the HBV genotypes and subgenotypes that circulate in Ecuador remains low. To address this gap, the current study took a preliminary look at HBV-infected human samples from this region to identify the most common genotypes and subgenotypes. Samples from 44 patients in the Andean, Coastal, and Amazon regions of Ecuador were amplified and two major genotypes were identified, genotype F (42/44; 95.5%) and genotype E (2 patients; 4.5%). The genotype F subgenotypes were F3 (35/42; 83.33%), F4 (6/42; 14.28%), and F1b (1/42, 2.39%). This is the first epidemiological study to assess the distribution of HBV genotypes in Ecuador. The findings can inform antiviral drug effectivity studies specific to HBV genotypes prevalent in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moncayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Laboratorio Clínico Dr. Alberto Moncayo Calero, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Teran
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Bernardo Gutierrez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Johanna Cortez
- Laboratorio Clínico Dr. Alberto Moncayo Calero, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Tobar
- Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Ana Aguilar
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
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Raihan R, Akbar SMF. A Narrative Review on the Specific Pattern of HBV Genotype in Bangladesh: Clinical Implications for Management. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2023; 13:152-158. [PMID: 38222956 PMCID: PMC10785131 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Bangladesh's unique epidemiological landscape presents an intriguing puzzle. This South Asian nation, with its complex sociodemographic and environmental factors, is home to a diverse array of hepatitis-B virus (HBV) genotypes, identified as Genotype C, with Genotypes D and A also making a significant contribution to the viral landscape. Reviewing such insights is necessary not only to underscore the country's regional diversity in HBV strains but also to bring into focus the clinical implications these genetic variations may have on disease progression and management. Methods A thorough database search covered various sources using relevant keywords like "Hepatitis B virus genotypes", "HBV genotypes in Bangladesh", and "HBV clinical implications". The review synthesized findings and analyzed HBV genotype prevalence and clinical implications in Bangladesh. Results Genotypes C and D collectively represent 82% of chronic hepatitis-B infection (CHB) cases in Bangladesh, underscoring their regional prevalence. The geographic context is pivotal in understanding HBV infection dynamics and disease progression in this area. Notably, genotype C and the presence of A1762T/G1764A mutations appear to have a distinct impact on disease development, potentially affecting the immune response in CHB patients. This highlights the need for tailored management approaches in this specific region. Further research is vital to confirm and elaborate on these findings, particularly in relation to how these mutations influence the host's immune response. Conclusion and clinical significance In summary, studies on HBV genotypes in Bangladesh stress the need for genotype-specific clinical considerations and more research to improve diagnostics and therapies. How to cite this article Raihan R, Akbar SMF. A Narrative Review on the Specific Pattern of HBV Genotype in Bangladesh: Clinical Implications for Management. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):152-158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Raihan
- Department of Microbiology, US Bangla Medical College and Hospital, University of Malaya, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita; Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
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Castro GM, Sosa MJ, Sicilia PE, Riberi MI, Moreno C, Cattaneo R, Debes JD, Barbás MG, Cudolá AE, Pisano MB, Ré VE. Acute and chronic HBV infection in central Argentina: High frequency of sub-genotype F1b, low detection of clinically relevant mutations and first evidence of HDV. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1057194. [PMID: 36698842 PMCID: PMC9868314 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1057194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genomic analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) identifies phylogenetic variants, which may lead to distinct biological and clinical behaviors. The satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) may also influence clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate HBV genetic variants, including clinically relevant mutations, and HDV infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in central Argentina. Methods A total of 217 adult HBV infected patients [acute (AHB): n = 79; chronic (CHB): n = 138] were studied; 67 were HBV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Serological markers were determined. Molecular detection of HBV and HDV was carried out by RT-Nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, genotype (gt) F [sub-genotype (sgt) F1b] was the most frequently found. In AHB patients, the gts/sgts found were: F1b (74.7%) > A2 (13.9%) > F4 (7.6%) > C (2.5%) > A1 (1.3%). Among CHB patients: F1b (39.1%) > A2 (23.9%) > F4 (18.2%) > D (9.4%) > C and F6 (3.6% each) > A1, A3 and B2 (0.7% each). The distribution of sgt A2 and gt D was significantly different between HBV mono and HBV/HIV coinfected patients [A2: 15.9% vs. 35.7% (p < 0.05), respectively and D: 14.6% vs. 1.8% (p < 0.05), respectively]. Mutation frequency in basal core promoter/pre-Core (BCP/pC) region was 35.5% (77/217) [AHB: 20.3% (16/79), CHB: 44.2% (61/138)]. In the open reading frame (ORF) S, mutations associated with vaccine escape and diagnostic failure were detected in 7.8% of the sequences (17/217) [AHB: 3.8% (3/79), CHB: 10.1% (14/138)]. ORF-P amino acid substitutions associated with antiviral resistance were detected in 3.2% of the samples (7/217) [AHB: 1.3% (1/79), CHB 4.3%, (6/138)]. The anti-HDV seropositivity was 5.2% (4/77); one sample could be sequenced, belonging to gt HDV-1 associated with sgt HBV-D3. Discussion We detected an increase in the circulation of genotype F in Central Argentina, particularly among AHB patients, suggesting transmission advantages over the other genotypes. A low rate of mutations was detected, especially those with antiviral resistance implications, which is an encouraging result. The evidence of HDV circulation in our region, reported for the first time, alerts the health system for its search and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo M. Castro
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Gonzalo M. Castro,
| | - María J. Sosa
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola E. Sicilia
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María I. Riberi
- Laboratorio de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Moreno
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Cattaneo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Rawson, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José D. Debes
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - María G. Barbás
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analía E. Cudolá
- Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María B. Pisano
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella” (InViV)–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana E. Ré
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella” (InViV)–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Brazil: Introduction and dissemination. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104936. [PMID: 34023512 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a viral infectious disease highly spread worldwide with a long evolutionary history associated with human migrations through the continents and countries. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was disseminated probably from Africa and diverged into ten genotypes (HBV-A to HBV-J) distributed around the world. In Brazil, almost all HBV genotypes were already reported, with a predominance of three ones: A (52.1%), D (36.8%), and F (7.7%). This review aimed to evaluate the introduction and dissemination of the main HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in Brazil over the last centuries to explain the current epidemic scenario. The highest frequency of HBV-A is a consequence of the introduction and spreading of HBV-A1 in the 16th to 19th centuries due to the African slave trade, but the more recent introduction of HBV-A2 from Europe also contributed to the current situation. HBV-D is the second most frequent genotype because it was consecutively introduced by migrations from Europe (mainly subgenotype D3, but also D2) and the Middle East (D1) in the 19th to 20th centuries. On contrary, HBV-F (F1a, F1b, F2a, F2b, F3, and F4) was disseminated by the Amerindians in all South American countries, including Brazil, by migrations inside the continent for more than three centuries ago. Other HBV genotypes are rare and eventually frequent in some human groups because of the dissemination by very specific epidemiological routes. In conclusion, the current scenario of the HBV epidemics is a consequence of the introduction and dissemination of some subgenotypes from the three main genotypes A, D, and F over the last five centuries.
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Mojsiejczuk L, Torres C, Flichman D, Campos RH. Long-term evolution of hepatitis B virus genotype F: Strong association between viral diversification and the prehistoric settlement of Central and South America. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:620-630. [PMID: 32052519 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genotype F (HBV-F) is an autochthonous Native American strain of the hepatitis B virus. In this study, we reconstruct the HBV-F long-term evolution under a hypothesis of co-divergence with humans in Central and South America, since their entry into the region 14.5-16 thousand years ago. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction supported a virus-host co-expansion; however, two evolutionary scenarios would have been present. Whereas subgenotype F1 spreads along a Pacific coastal route and would have evolved associated with Central American and Andean cultures from the west of the continent, subgenotypes F2-F6 spread along the Atlantic coastline and inner pathways associated with communities inhabiting the tropical forest lowlands. Then, we propose a model for HBV-F evolution in which the selection of differential biological characteristics in these two main groups would be related to their evolution in host populations with different genetic backgrounds and dissimilar demographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mojsiejczuk
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Trinks J, Marciano S, Esposito I, Franco A, Mascardi MF, Mendizabal M, Livellara B, Arrigo D, Calzetta P, Vujacich C, Giunta D, Gadano A, Flichman D. The genetic variability of hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b precore/core gene is related to the outcome of the acute infection. Virus Res 2019; 277:197840. [PMID: 31846615 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of viral and host genetic variability with the outcome of acute infection with hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b (HBV/F1b). METHODS The cohort consisted of 26 patients with acute HBV/F1b infection who exhibit different outcomes: spontaneous resolution (n = 10), progression to chronic hepatitis (n = 10) and acute liver failure (n = 6). HLA SNPs (rs3077, rs9277542, rs2856718 and rs7453920) were determined. The S gene and core promoter/precore/core region were direct sequenced, and this latter region was also ultra-deep sequenced. Mean number of mutations, mutation rate, Shannon entropy, positive selection sites and mutational patterns of quasispecies were compared between groups. RESULTS HLA SNPs were associated with spontaneous resolution or progression to chronic hepatitis, but not with the development of acute liver failure. The mean number of mutations in the S gene was similar among the three groups. Patients with spontaneous resolution had the lowest number of mutations, mutation rates and Shannon entropy values in the precore/core compared to the other two groups. Ten positive selection sites mapped on HLA-restricted epitopes were related to progression to chronic hepatitis and acute liver failure. Mutations T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, C1766T, T1768A G1896A, G2092T and T2107C were associated with acute liver failure and progression to chronic hepatitis. CONCLUSION Highly heterogeneous and complex HBV precore/core carrying specific point mutations, combined with the host HLA background, were associated with a worse clinical outcome of acute HBV/F1b infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Trinks
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Marciano
- Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabella Esposito
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Mascardi
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Mendizabal
- Unidad de Hígado y Trasplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Livellara
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Arrigo
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Calzetta
- División de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Vujacich
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Giunta
- Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Área de Investigación de Medicina Interna, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Gadano
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Elizalde MM, Speroni M, Campos RH, Flichman DM. Hepatitis B Virus X Gene Differentially Modulates Subgenotype F1b and F4 Replication. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070655. [PMID: 31323763 PMCID: PMC6669721 DOI: 10.3390/v11070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into ten genotypes and numerous subgenotypes (sgt). In particular, sgt F1b and sgt F4, native of Latin America, have been associated with differences in clinical and virological characteristics. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a multifunctional regulatory protein associated with the modulation of viral transcription and replication. In this work, we analyzed the role of the X gene and the encoded X protein in sgtF1b and sgtF4 replication. Transfection with HBx deficient genomes revealed remarkable differences in the replicative capacity of sgtF1b and sgtF4 mutants. The silencing of HBx increased sgtF1b X(-) transcription and replication by more than 2.5 fold compared to the wild type variant, while it decreased sgtF4 X(-) transcription and replication by more than 3 fold. Trans-complementation of HBx restore sgtF1b and sgtF4 wild type transcription and replication levels. In addition, transfection with chimeric variants, carrying wild type (F1b/XF4 and F4/XF1b) or mutated (F1b/X(-)F4 and F4/X(-)F1b) X gene of one sgt in the backbone of the other sgt, showed that the nucleotide sequence of the X gene, that includes regulatory elements that modulate pgRNA transcription, was responsible for the disparity observed between sgtF1b X(-) and sgtF4 X(-). These results showed that sgtF1b and sgtF4 X gene play a central role in regulating HBV transcription and replication, which eventually lead to a common purpose, to reach wild type replication levels of sgtF1b and sgtF4 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Elizalde
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Speroni
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Diego Martín Flichman
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
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Torres MC, Civetta E, D'amico C, Barbini L. Hepatitis B virus in Mar del Plata, Argentina: Genomic characterization and evolutionary analysis of subgenotype F1b. J Med Virol 2019; 91:791-802. [PMID: 30570771 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to describe the molecular epidemiology and perform a genomic characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) circulating in Mar del Plata and to identify the origin and diversification patterns of the most prevalent genotype. The S gene and the region encompassing the X gene, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore (preC) was analyzed in 56 samples. They were genotyped as: 80% F1b, 9% A2, 7% D3, and 2% D1. A recombinant F4/D2 genome was detected. The double substitution G1764A/A1762T at the BCP (reduced HBeAg expression) was found in 20% F1b, 2% A2, 2% D1, and 2% D3 samples. A unique D3 presented the G1896A substitution at the preC (HBeAg negative phenotype). A 13% of the samples showed mutations at the HBsAg "a" immunodeterminant (escape from neutralizing antibodies). Mutations at the polymerase (antiviral resistance) were found in 52% of the samples. Coalescent analysis of subgenotype F1b, the most prevalent in the city, showed that viral diversification in Mar del Plata started by year 2000. F1b was the most prevalent genotype detected, being a characteristic of actual HBV infections in Mar del Plata. Local HBV exhibit clinically relevant mutations, but a minority of them was shown to be associated to potential vaccination escape or antiviral resistance. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine whether any of these mutants could pose a threat to prevention, diagnosis, or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elida Civetta
- Unidad de Hepatología y Alcoholismo, HIGA Dr. O. Alende, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia D'amico
- Centro de Especialidades Médicas Ambulatorias, Unidad de Hepatología, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Luciana Barbini
- Departamento de Química, FCEyN, UNMdP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sevic I, Elizalde MM, González López Ledesma MM, Flichman DM, Campos RH. Analysis of fitness differences of hepatitis B virus genotypes D and F using a cotransfection assay. Arch Virol 2018; 164:447-455. [PMID: 30417200 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) circulates as a collection of genetically related variants that evolve throughout the chronic infection. Those viral variants that have the greatest fitness are fixed. We recently showed different fitness for HBV variants involved in two epidemiological situations. To understand these fitness differences better, we determined the levels of extracellular HBV DNA, the synthesis of HBV DNA intermediates, and the expression of HBeAg and HBsAg in transfection and cotransfection assays. Our results show that for the subgenotype (sgt) D1, which has an 8-nucleotide deletion (sgtD1del) and exhibits lower fitness, the levels of extracellular DNA and intracellular replicative intermediates were much lower than with sgtD1wt or sgtD1mut (G1896A), which had higher fitness. In addition, in the cotransfection assay, sgtD1del inhibited sgtD1mut but not sgtD1wt replication. We also found that sgtF1b, which exhibits higher fitness, produces significantly higher levels of both extracellular DNA and intracellular replicative intermediates than does the lower-fitness sgtF4. These results demonstrate a relationship between fitness and the replicative ability of the HBV genome in the transfection assay. In addition, the data obtained by cotransfecting cells with sgtD1del and sgtD1mut provide new information about the impact of simultaneous replication of two viral variants in the same cell system on HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Sevic
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Mercedes Elizalde
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Mora González López Ledesma
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martin Flichman
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent a major global public health and economic burden, with an estimated 257 million and 71 million people, respectively, having chronic infection worldwide. The natural history of HBV and HCV in children depends on age at time of infection, mode of acquisition, ethnicity, and genotype. Most children infected perinatally or vertically remain asymptomatic but are at uniquely higher risk of developing chronic viral hepatitis, progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hence classifying HBV and HCV as oncoviruses. This article discusses the epidemiology, virology, immunobiology, prevention, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and the advances in treatment of hepatitis B and C in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa R Mysore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin, Suite 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel H Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin, Suite 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Schlabe S, Bremen KV, Aldabbagh S, Glebe D, Bremer CM, Marsen T, Mellin W, Cristanziano VD, Eis-Hübinger AM, Spengler U. Hepatitis B virus subgenotype F3 reactivation with vaccine escape mutations: A case report and review of the literature. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:509-516. [PMID: 30079137 PMCID: PMC6068847 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i7.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B represents a global health threat because its chronic course and sequelae contribute to a high morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be controlled by vaccines, antiviral treatment, and by interrupting transmission. Rare vaccine escape mutants are serious because they eliminate vaccine protection. Here, we present a 74-year-old vaccinated patient with HBV reactivation 11 years after kidney transplantation. The patient was HBV-positive but HBsAg-negative prior to vaccination 6 years before transplantation. The reactivated virus was HBV genotype F3 with vaccine escape mutations G145R, P120Q, and Q129P. The patient was successfully treated with entecavir. The epidemiological reasons for this subgenotype, which is extremely rare in Western Europe, were unclear. This case illustrates that second-generation vaccines are not always effective in a specific group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schlabe
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn-Cologne35392, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Kathrin van Bremen
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn-Cologne35392, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Souhaib Aldabbagh
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn-Cologne35392, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Giessen 35392, Germany
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Corinna M Bremer
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Giessen 35392, Germany
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Tobias Marsen
- Practice of Nephrology and Dialysis, Nephrological Center Cologne-Lindenthal, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Walter Mellin
- Practice of Pathology and Cytology, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | | | - Anna M Eis-Hübinger
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn-Cologne35392, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn-Cologne35392, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
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Elizalde MM, Pérez PS, Sevic I, Grasso D, Ropolo A, Barbini L, Campos RH, Vaccaro MI, Flichman DM. HBV subgenotypes F1b and F4 replication induces an incomplete autophagic process in hepatocytes: Role of BCP and preCore mutations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197109. [PMID: 29738548 PMCID: PMC5940199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and mutants have been associated with differences in clinical and virological characteristics. Autophagy is a cellular process that degrades long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to alter this process to survive in host cells. In this work, we studied the modulation of autophagy by the replication of HBV subgenotypes F1b and F4, and the naturally occurring mutants BCP and preCore. HBV subgenotypes F1b and F4 replication induced accumulation of autophagosomes in hepatoma cells. However, no autophagic protein degradation was observed, indicating a blockage of autophagic flux at later stages. This inhibition of autophagy flux might be due to an impairment of lysosomal acidification in hepatoma cells. Moreover, HBV-mediated autophagy modulation was independent of the viral subgenotypes and enhanced in viruses with BCP and preCore naturally occurring mutations. These results contribute to understand the mechanisms by which different HBV variants contribute to the pathogenesis of HBV infections. In addition, this study is the first to describe the role that two highly prevalent naturally occurring mutations exert on the modulation of HBV-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Elizalde
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Paula Soledad Pérez
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ina Sevic
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Ropolo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Barbini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Inés Vaccaro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martín Flichman
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Elizalde MM, Sevic I, González López Ledesma MM, Campos RH, Barbini L, Flichman DM. Human hepatocytes apoptosis induced by replication of hepatitis B virus subgenotypes F1b and F4: Role of basal core promoter and preCore mutations. Virology 2018; 513:160-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Natural history of acute and chronic hepatitis B: The role of HBV genotypes and mutants. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:249-255. [PMID: 28774406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular epidemiologic studies reveal remarkable differences in the geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes. The frequency of mutants among HBV genotypes also varies. The role of HBV genotypes/mutants in the pathogenesis of HBV infection and natural history of HBV infection has been extensively investigated. The distribution of HBV genotypes in acute hepatitis B patients reflects the predominant genotypes in a given geographic area. In chronic hepatitis B patients, genotype C and D have a higher frequency of basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutations than genotype A and B. HBV genotypes C, D and F carry a higher lifetime risk of cirrhosis and HCC development than genotype A and B. HBV pre-S/S gene mutations were associated with immune escape of hepatitis B immunoglobulin or vaccine-induced immunity. Mutations in the pre-S, core promoter and X regions correlate with an increased risk of cirrhosis and HCC. In summary, HBV genotypes and mutants are associated with the disease progression and long-term outcome of HBV infection. They may serve as viral genetic markers for risk stratification of chronic hepatitis B patients in clinical practice.
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15
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HBV DNA genome co-transfection procedure for the evaluation of relative fitness. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175543. [PMID: 28472081 PMCID: PMC5417490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a high mutation rate and exists as a mixture of genetically different but closely related variants. We present a HBV DNA co-transfection fitness assay and use it to evaluate the relative fitness of different HBV variants in two scenarios: seroconversion process and occupation of an ecological niche. In the seroconversion experiment, subgenotype D1 (sgtD1) deletion (1763-1770) had significantly lower fitness comparing with both sgtD1 wild type and sgtD1mut G1896A, while, in the case of occupation of ecological niche experiment, the results showed the same relative fitness between all of the genotype combinations, except F1b-F4. In this case sgtF1b clearly overgrow sgtF4, which is in accordance with the observation that F1b is the most prevalent in the new infections in Argentina. In summary, we present a method aimed to evaluate HBV viral fitness which improve the analysis of the relative frequency of viral variants during the HBV infection process.
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Blanco S, Balangero MC, Valle MC, Montini OL, Carrizo LH, Gallego SV. Usefulness of nucleic acid testing to reduce risk of hepatitis B virus transfusion-transmitted infection in Argentina: high rate of recent infections. Transfusion 2017; 57:816-822. [PMID: 27917495 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from 10-year experience using nucleic acid test (NAT) screening in a blood bank of Córdoba are presented, showing the first data on prevalence of recent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and occult HBV infections (OBIs) in Argentina. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Molecular screening was performed by COBAS AmpliScreen human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) test Version 1.5 and COBAS AmpliScreen hepatitis C virus (HCV) test Version 2.0 and COBAS TaqScreen MPX and MPX Version 2.0 test (Roche Molecular Systems). To characterize OBI, additional molecular and serologic assays were performed. RESULTS As results of NAT, 0.075% of the donors (155/205,388) tested positive for HIV, 0.05% (106/205,388) for HCV, and 0.045% (76/168,215) for HBV. Donors who tested positive for HIV or HCV by NAT were also positive by serology. There was one of 33,643 donors recently infected with HBV. At time of donation, six of 76 (7.9%) donors with confirmed HBV infection presented virologic and serologic profiles consistent with OBI. By additional studies three were OBI, two were window period infections, and one remained unclassified. CONCLUSION NAT contributed significantly to the reduction of the potential risk of HBV transmission with a frequency of one in 56,072, detecting three in 168,215 donors without serologic evidence of infection. NAT also detected three in 168,215 OBIs. The finding of high frequency of recent infections (1/33,643), unexpected for this country, highlights the need of promoting unified effective regulations that enforce the use of NAT in all blood banks in Argentina and points out the importance of assessing the risk of HBV transmission in blood banks of other countries considered to be low-endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Blanco
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre
- Instituto de Virologia "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcos César Balangero
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre
- Instituto de Virologia "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Verónica Gallego
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre
- Instituto de Virologia "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Analysis of the Molecular Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Symptomatic Acute Infections in Argentina. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159509. [PMID: 27433800 PMCID: PMC4951016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a globally distributed human pathogen that leads to both self-limited and chronic infections. At least eight genotypes (A-H) with distinct geographical allocations and phylodynamic behaviors have been described. They differ substantially in many virological and probably some clinical parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze full-length HBV genome sequences from individuals with symptomatic acute HBV infections using phylogenetic and coalescent methods. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in the following subgenotype distribution: F1b (52.7%), A2 (18.2%), F4 (18.2%) and A1, B2, D3 and F2a 1.8% each. These results contrast with those previously reported from chronic infections, where subgenotypes F1b, F4, A2 and genotype D were evenly distributed. This differential distribution might be related to recent internal migrations and/or intrinsic biological features of each viral genotype that could impact on the probability of transmission. The coalescence analysis showed that after a diversification process started in the 80s, the current sequences of subgenotype F1b were grouped in at least four highly supported lineages, whereas subgenotype F4 revealed a more limited diversification pattern with most lineages without offspring in the present. In addition, the genetic characterization of the studied sequences showed that only two of them presented mutations of clinical relevance at S codifyng region and none at the polymerase catalytic domains. Finally, since the acute infections could be an expression of the genotypes currently being transmitted to new hosts, the predominance of subgenotype F1b might have epidemiological, as well as, clinical relevance due to its potential adverse disease outcome among the chronic cases.
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18
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Hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors in Argentina: prevalence of infection, genotype distribution and frequency of occult HBV infection. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2813-7. [PMID: 27383207 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the prevalence of HBV infection based on detection of HBsAg and HBV-DNA by NAT in 70,102 blood donors in Argentina (Córdoba province) and shows the viral genotype distribution and frequency of occult HBV infection (OBI) in this population. Forty-two donors were confirmed positive for HBV infection (0.06 %), and four had OBI. Genotype F was the most prevalent (71.4 %), followed by A (14.3 %), C (7.1 %) and D (7.1 %). This is the first report of the prevalence of confirmed HBV infection and the high frequency of occult HBV infection in a blood bank in Argentina.
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Mojsiejczuk LN, Torres C, Sevic I, Badano I, Malan R, Flichman DM, Liotta DJ, Campos RH. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Misiones, Argentina. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:34-42. [PMID: 27321439 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The aims of this study were to describe the molecular epidemiology of HBV in the Province of Misiones, Argentina and estimate the phylodynamic of the main groups in a Bayesian coalescent framework. To this end, partial or complete genome sequences were obtained from 52 blood donor candidates. The phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of S/P region showed a predominance of genotype D (65.4%), followed by genotype F (30.8%) and genotype A as a minority (3.8%). At subgenotype level, the circulation of subgenotypes D3 (42.3%), D2 (13.5%), F1b (11.5%) and F4 (9.6%) was mainly identified. The Bayesian coalescent analysis of 29 complete genome sequences for the main groups revealed that the subgenotypes D2 and D3 had several introductions to the region, with ancestors dating back from 1921 to 1969 and diversification events until the late '70s. The genotype F in Misiones has a more recent history; subgenotype F4 isolates were intermixed with sequences from Argentina and neighboring countries and only one significant cluster dated back in 1994 was observed. Subgenotype F1b isolates exhibited low genetic distance and formed a closely related monophyletic cluster, suggesting a very recent introduction. In conclusion, the phylogenetic and coalescent analyses showed that the European genotype D has a higher circulation, a longer history of diversification and may be responsible for the largest proportion of chronic HBV infections in the Province of Misiones. Genotype F, especially subgenotype F1b, had a more recent introduction and its diversification in the last 20years might be related to its involvement in new transmission events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Noelia Mojsiejczuk
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ina Sevic
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina
| | - Inés Badano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Av. Mariano Moreno 1375, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Richard Malan
- Banco de Sangre Central de Misiones, Av. Cabred y Av. López Torres, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Diego Martin Flichman
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Domingo Javier Liotta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Av. Mariano Moreno 1375, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Hector Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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20
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Colson P, Borentain P, Coso D, Motte A, Aurran-Schleinitz T, Charbonnier A, Stoppa AM, Chabannon C, Serrero M, Bertrand J, Barlesi F, Serratrice J, Portal I, Botta-Fridlund D, Tamalet C, Gerolami R. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in HBsAg-negative patients is associated with emergence of viral strains with mutated HBsAg and reverse transcriptase. Virology 2015; 484:354-363. [PMID: 26186574 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Virological factors associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R), following chemotherapy for cancer in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients, are not well known. MATERIALS AND METHODS HBV strains from 16 patients presenting HBV-R following chemotherapy were studied and compared to those obtained from 51 HBV chronically-infected patients. RESULTS HBsAg variability was significantly increased within the major hydrophilic region, the a determinant and the C-terminal region. Amino acid substitutions were more frequently found in HBV-R patients as compared to controls at 17 and 11 positions within HBsAg and HBV-RT, respectively. This resulted in atypical serological testing in 56% of patients and detection of resistance mutation to nucleoside analogs in 12.5%. CONCLUSION HBsAg and HBV-RT mutations are frequently encountered in patients with HBV-R, resulting in atypical serological testing and emergence of HBV strains resistant to nucleos(t)ides analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Colson
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université UMR INSERM 911. Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Diane Coso
- Service d׳Onco-hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Motte
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | | | - Aude Charbonnier
- Service d׳Onco-hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Marie Stoppa
- Service d׳Onco-hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mélanie Serrero
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Bertrand
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix Marseille Université - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Department, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone. Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Portal
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Daniele Botta-Fridlund
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Tamalet
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - René Gerolami
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université UMR INSERM 911. Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.
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Abstract
At least 10 hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes (A to J) with distinct geographic distributions and several HBV mutants, including precore/core promoter mutations and pre-S/S deletion mutations, have been recognized to be not only predictive of liver disease progression but also associated with response to antiviral therapy. HBV genotype-specific pathogenesis may contribute to heterogeneous clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B patients across the world. For example, patients with HBV genotypes C and D infection have a lower rate of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. In addition, HBV genotypes C and D have a higher frequency of core promoter and pre-S mutations than genotypes A and B. Genotypes C and D also carry a higher lifetime risk of cirrhosis and HCC development than genotypes A and B. Core promoter and pre-S mutations also correlate with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therapeutically, genotypes A and B patients have a better response to interferon-based therapy than genotypes C and D patients, but the response to nucleos(t)ide analogs is comparable across different HBV genotypes. In conclusion, HBV genotypes and variants may serve as viral genetic markers to predict disease progression as well as help practicing physicians optimize individualized antiviral therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Abstract
Aim of the study To identify distribution of HBV genotypes in particular regions of Poland. Material and methods The study included 270 treatment-naïve, HBV-infected individuals, enrolled in 7 centers of Poland. HBV genotyping was performed in 243 of them with the INNO-LiPA HBV Genotyping assay (Innogenetics). Results Genotype A present in 2/3 patients was demonstrated as the most predominant in Poland. It was followed by D (20%), H (5%) and mixed A + D (5%). Remaining patients were infected with genotype F, mixed D + G, A + C or D + F. Analysis of distribution demonstrated regional differences, with a higher rate of genotype D prevalence (about 30%) in the eastern (Białystok and Lublin) and south-western (Wrocław) parts compared to other regions, where the prevalence rate was below 15%. The highest prevalence of genotype A (exceeding 80%) was observed in central Poland (Bydgoszcz, Łódź). Conclusions The presented data reveal the current distribution of HBV genotypes across Poland, which is the first and the largest such epidemiological analysis.
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Hepatitis B virus genotype distribution and genotype-specific BCP/preCore substitutions in acute and chronic infections in Argentina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121436. [PMID: 25822666 PMCID: PMC4378996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In order to assess Hepatitis B Virus genotype (g) and subgenotype (sg) implications in the course of infection, 234 HBsAg positive patients in different infection stages were characterized (66 acute infections, 63 HBeAg positive chronic infections and 105 anti-HBe positive chronic infections). RESULTS Overall, sgA2 (17.9%), gD (20.9%), sgF1b (34.2%) and sgF4 (19.7%) were the most prevalent. Subgenotype F1b was overrepresented in acute and chronic HBeAg infections (56.1%), whereas gD was the most frequent (40.0%) in anti-HBe positive chronic infections. Among chronic infections, HBeAg positivity rates were 50.0, 12.5, 62.8 and 35.3% for sgA2, gD, sgF1b and sgF4, respectively (p <0.05). A bias toward BCP/preCore mutations was observed among genotypes. In anti-HBe positive chronic infections, sgF1b was more prone to have A1762T/G1764A mutation than sgA2, sgF4 and gD (75.0, 40.0, 33.3 and 31.8%, p<0.005), whereas in the pC region, gD and sgF4 were more likely to have G1896A than sgA2 and sgF1b (81.0, 72.7, 0.0 and 31.3%, p <0.001). The unexpected low frequency of the G1896A mutation in the sgF1b (despite carrying 1858T) prompted us to perform a further analysis in order to identify genotype-specific features that could justify the pattern mutations observed. A region encompassing nucleotides 1720 to 1920 showed the higher dissimilarity between sgF1b and sgF4. Genotypes and subgenotypes carrying the 1727G, 1740C and 1773T polymorphisms were prevented to mutate position 1896. DISCUSSION HBeAg seroconversion is a critical event in the natural history of HBV infection. Differences in the HBeAg positivity rate might be relevant since different studies have observed that delayed HBeAg seroconversion is associated with a more severe clinical course of infection, highlighting the critical role that genotypes/subgenotypes might play in the progression of HBV infection. Polymorphisms in the regions 1720 to 1920 could be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying seroconversion of each genotype/subgenotype.
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First hepatitis B virus full-length genomic study among blood donors from Argentina: unexpected mutations in the circulating subgenotypes' proteins. Virus Genes 2014; 50:286-91. [PMID: 25537951 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide public health concern. The circulation of strains carrying mutations in the viral proteins implies both clinical and therapeutics challenges. HBV complete genomes (HBV-CGs) were reported from injecting drug users and HBV chronically infected patients from Argentina-including Amerindians-although no studies were conducted in blood donors. Here, we described HBV-CG sequences from the latter population. Some of the HBV sequences classified as B2 and C2 subgenotypes clustering together with Asian isolates, while others, such as D3, F1b, and F4, were homologous to European and Latin America sequences. New substitutions for all analyzed open reading frames and changes in the HBsAg hydrophobicity profiles were detected. Several HBV-CG subgenotypes are described for the first time in this population. Mutations observed in X, PreS, and P proteins have been associated with advanced liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and/or natural resistance to nucleos(t)ide antiviral treatment. It deserves to be highlighted that these substitutions were detected in a population without epidemiological risk factors for viral infection, and most importantly, without any previous antiviral treatment (natural resistance). Regarding the remaining mutations, further research is warranted in order to determine their clinical and therapeutics relevance.
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Bessone F. Re-appraisal of old and new diagnostic tools in the current management of chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2014; 34:991-1000. [PMID: 25098191 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a very complex and intricate DNA structure associated with a particular genomic organization and replication cycle. However, many years of investigations allowed clarification of the real HBV natural history, through a deeper knowledge of the behavior of HBV antigens and viral structures. Several of the old diagnostic tools, such as HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) determinations, gained prominence now, since the variation of both HBsAg and HBeAg plasma levels was shown to predict treatment response. In addition, the availability of more sensitive methods, such as HBV DNA detection by real-time PCR, has improved the current knowledge of the relationships between HBV replication levels and the natural history of the disease. It is now well established that some HBV genotypes are associated with a better response to treatment with pegylated interferon. Despite the widely accepted value of liver biopsy as a staging tool, transient elastography is being increasingly acknowledged as a non-invasive method to assess liver stiffness, chiefly for detection of advanced fibrosis. Current international guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis B have provided several accurate biochemical and serological criteria for selecting patients for treatment, allowing a higher number of cases to be enrolled into antiviral therapy. This review describes the different serological markers used for the study of HBV and their clinical significance. It also deals with methods used for detection of genotypes and HBV DNA, emphasizing the effectiveness of such determinations for both patient selection and chronic hepatitis B therapy/monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, School of Medicine, University of Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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26
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Gallego F, Pisano MB, Torres C, Caeiro L, Martínez Wassaf M, Balangero M, Campos R, Ré V. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Córdoba, Argentina. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:204-10. [PMID: 25066884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of the genomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) identifies phylogenetic variants called genotypes, which may lead to distinct biological and clinical behaviors. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the current molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of HBV in Córdoba, Argentina. STUDY DESIGN A total of 52 HBV samples, 40 from HBV mono-infected and 12 from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HBV co-infected patients, were sequenced in the S gene and in the basal core promoter-precore (BCP-pC) region. RESULTS Presence of subgenotypes F1b (35%) and F4 (17.5%), subgenotype A2 (37.5%), C (5.0%) (subgenotype could not be defined) and D (5.0%) (subgenotype D2, and the other could not be defined) were observed among mono-infected patients. The co-infected individuals displayed a different genotype distribution: sub-genotype A2 was the most common (75.0%), followed by subgenotype F1b (25.0%). CONCLUSIONS These results showed two epidemiologic scenarios: the mono-infected population may represent the ethnic composition of the current human population of Córdoba, where the Amerindian (genotype F) and European origins (subgenotype A2) account for the 90% of the samples; for the co-infected patients, the high prevalence of subgenotype A2 resemble previous analyses from Buenos Aires. In addition, mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), polymerase and BCP-pC regions were identified, mainly in chronic or co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gallego
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Belén Pisano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4° piso, C1113AAD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Caeiro
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maribel Martínez Wassaf
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos Especializados-LACE, Vélez Sársfield 528, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marcos Balangero
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodolfo Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4° piso, C1113AAD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Viviana Ré
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Roman S, Jose-Abrego A, Fierro NA, Escobedo-Melendez G, Ojeda-Granados C, Martinez-Lopez E, Panduro A. Hepatitis B virus infection in Latin America: A genomic medicine approach. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7181-7196. [PMID: 24966588 PMCID: PMC4064063 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of severe chronic liver disease. This article provides a critical view of the importance of genomic medicine for the study of HBV infection and its clinical outcomes in Latin America. Three levels of evolutionary adaptation may correlate with the clinical outcomes of HBV infection. Infections in Latin America are predominantly of genotype H in Mexico and genotype F in Central and South America; these strains have historically circulated among the indigenous population. Both genotypes appear to be linked to a benign course of disease among the native and mestizo Mexicans and native South Americans. In contrast, genotypes F, A and D are common in acute and chronic infections among mestizos with Caucasian ancestry. Hepatocellular carcinoma is rare in Mexicans, but it has been associated with genotype F1b among Argentineans. This observation illustrates the significance of ascertaining the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of HBV-related liver disease in Latin America, which contrast with those reported in other regions of the world.
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High prevalence of hepatitis B virus subgenotypes A1 and D4 in Maranhão state, Northeast Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 24:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in blood donors from Argentina: circulation of HBsAg and reverse transcriptase mutants. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Barbini L, Elizalde M, Torres C, Campos R. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus in Mar del Plata city, Argentina. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:152-63. [PMID: 23871776 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to describe the current molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of HBV in Mar del Plata, an important Argentinean touristic city. The phylogenetic analysis of 29 HBV DNA positive serum samples showed that F1b was the predominant subgenotype (sgt, 62.1%), followed by sgt A2 (13.8%) and sgt F4, gt D and gt G (6.9% each). Among anti-HBc IgM positive samples, 75.0% were sgt F1b, followed by sgt F4 (12.5%), sgt A2 (6.25%) and sgt D (6.25%). Three recombinant full length genomes were found: two G/F1b (some of the first gt G detected in Argentina) and one F4/D2. The circulation of clinical important mutations in the city was described. Mutations at the HBsAg were detected in 34.5% of the analyzed samples, associated with laboratory diagnosis and antiviral treatment failures, immune escape and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the samples presented wild type BCP/PC sequences. Coalescence analysis for the most prevalent sgt F1b estimated that the diversification mainly occured during mid '90s and the tMRCA was estimated in 1987. Finally, the high presence of the autochthonous sgt F1b, associated with the anti-HBc IgM positive infection and its present-day diversification process, shows the strong impact of internal human migratory movements into the current population of Mar del Plata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Barbini
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4(to) piso. (1113), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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31
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Marciano S, Galdame OA, Gadano AC. HBV genotype F: natural history and treatment. Antivir Ther 2013; 18:485-8. [PMID: 23792712 DOI: 10.3851/imp2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the HBV genome revealed the existence of 10 genotypes, named A-J. Evidence of the influence of the different genotypes in the natural history and treatment response to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues or interferon-based regimens is scant. HBV genotype F is one of the most prevalent circulating genotypes in South America and the Arctic Circle. Since most of the available information on HBV is from Asia, the US and Europe, it reflects their predominant genotypes: A, B, C and D. To date, the evidence is not fully confirmed, but it appears that genotype F chronic hepatitis B is associated with a more aggressive course of liver disease, reflected by higher histological indexes, a higher risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma and a higher rate of liver-related mortality. In terms of treatment response, the available data is, unfortunately, even more limited; however, what data is available suggests acceptable and similar response rates to pegylated interferon-α2a in genotype F compared to genotype A. Response rates to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues is not influenced by genotype. The review of this limited data sheds light on the necessity to conduct further studies in South America and the Arctic Circle in order to better understand the different aspects of HBV genotype F, especially in relation to treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Marciano
- Hepatology Section, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Alvarado-Mora MV, Pinho JRR. Distribution of HBV genotypes in Latin America. Antivir Ther 2013; 18:459-65. [PMID: 23792558 DOI: 10.3851/imp2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV, and 350 million people are chronic carriers. HBV is classified into nine genotypes (A to I). Genotype F is the most prevalent in the Spanish-speaking countries and in the Amerindian population in South America. HBV genotype F was primarily found in indigenous populations from South America and is divided into four subgenotypes (F1 to F4). Subgenotype F1 is further divided into F1a (found in Costa Rica and El Salvador) and F1b (found in in Alaska, Argentina and Chile). Subgenotypes F2 and F3 cocirculate in the north of South America: F2a is found in Brazil and Venezuela, F2b is described only in Venezuela, F3 is frequent in Colombia, Venezuela and Panama, and F4 is reported from the central and south areas of South America, including Bolivia, Argentina and southern Brazil. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical distributions. It is currently under discussion whether they are associated with different prognoses, considering the patterns of severity of liver diseases in various populations. Furthermore, global human migrations affect the pattern of genotype distribution, introducing genotypes differing from those found in the original inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 'João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves', Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Barbini L, Tadey L, Fernandez S, Bouzas B, Campos R. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus X gene in chronic hepatitis B patients. Virol J 2012; 9:131. [PMID: 22769058 PMCID: PMC3432627 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HBV-X protein is associated with the pathogenesis of HBV related diseases, specially in hepatocellular carcinomas of chronic patients. Genetic variability of the X gene includes genotypic specific variations and mutations emerging during chronic infection. Its coding sequence overlaps important regions for virus replication, including the basal core promoter. Differences in the X gene may have implications in biological functions of the protein and thus, affect the evolution of the disease. There are controversial results about the consequences of mutations in this region and their relationship with pathogenesis. The purpose of this work was to describe the diversity of HBV-X gene in chronic hepatitis patients infected with different genotypes, according to liver disease. Methods HBV-X gene was sequenced from chronic hepatitis B patient samples, analyzed by phylogeny and genotyped. Nucleotide and aminoacid diversity was determined calculating intragenetic distances. Mutations at 127, 130 and 131 aminoacids were considered in relation to liver disease. Results The most prevalent genotype detected in this cohort was F (F1 and F4), followed by D and A. Most of the samples corresponding to genotypes A and F1 were HBeAg(+) and for genotypes D and F4, HBeAg(−) samples were represented in a higher percentage. Intragenetic distance values were higher in HBeAg(−) than in positive samples for all genotypes, and lower in overlapped regions, compared to single codification ones. Nucleotide and aminoacid diversities were higher in HBeAg(−), than in HBeAg(+) samples. Conclusions Independently of the infecting genotypes, mutations at any of 127, 130 and/or 131 aminoacid positions and HBeAg(−) status were associated with mild liver disease in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Barbini
- Catedra de Virologia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cassino L, Torres C, Mbayed V, Laufer N, Campos RH, Quarleri J. Comparative analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype a molecular evolution in patients infected with HBV and in patients co-infected with HBV and HIV. J Med Virol 2012; 84:562-9. [PMID: 22337294 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection has a significant impact on the natural progression of liver disease caused by infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), but its role in the molecular evolution of HBV is unknown. It is difficult to study the molecular evolution of HBV longitudinally considering its genomic complexity, which implies the analysis of paired samples. This study aimed to analyze the difference in the evolutionary dynamics of HBV among patients with HIV and uninfected individuals. In this study, 17 patients infected chronically with HBV were recruited, 9 of them were co-infected with HIV. Patients were HBe antigen-positive and infected with HBV genotype A. Paired plasma samples were collected from each patient 3 years apart, and they were compared subsequently to each other. The HBV phylogenetic inference among isolates from patients infected with HBV and co-infected with HBV and HIV tends to cluster separately. Likewise, when comparing the HBV evolutionary rate and genetic distances, values were higher in the former in both preC/C and S genomic regions. Intra-host analyses of HBV isolates revealed high diversity and complexity of quasispecies among patients infected with HBV exhibiting high numbers of viral variants and genetic distance. In summary, after studying the HBV molecular evolution among isolates ascribed to genotype A at inter- and intra-host levels, HBV exhibited low quasispecies complexity and diversity as well as low evolutionary rates in the presence of HIV co-infection, suggesting that the co-infection may have an impact on the HBV molecular evolution most likely from the weakened cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cassino
- Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Delfino CM, Berini C, Eirin ME, Malan R, Pedrozo W, Krupp R, Blejer J, Espejo R, Fierro L, Puca A, Oubiña JR, Mathet VL, Biglione MM. New natural variants of hepatitis B virus among Amerindians from Argentina with mainly occult infections. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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O'Halloran JA, De Gascun CF, Dunford L, Carr MJ, Connell J, Howard R, Hall WW, Lambert JS. Hepatitis B virus vaccine failure resulting in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:151-4. [PMID: 21802353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A O'Halloran
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland.
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