1
|
Quintero FA, Garraza M, Navazo B, Cesani MF. [Theories of biological aging: An integrative review]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2024; 59:101530. [PMID: 38996713 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we review the main theories of biological aging, exploring the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, immunological, and ecological factors in this process. For this purpose, we examine and discuss theories such as the allocation of metabolic resources, pleiotropic antagonism, genetic regulation, codon restriction, replicative senescence, action of free radicals, caloric restriction, catastrophic error, immunological theory, neuroendocrine theory, programmed aging, epigenetics of aging, grandmother and caregiver theories and ecological biophysical theory. We identify the contribution of different biological mechanisms to aging, emphasizing the complementarity of theories such as the allocation of metabolic resources, pleiotropic antagonism, and caloric restriction, providing a more comprehensive view of the phenomenon. In conclusion, we highlight the need to consider diverse perspectives in aging research, recognizing the absence of a single explanation. Integrating these theories is crucial to comprehensively understand the process and develop effective interventions in health and well-being in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Aníbal Quintero
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mariela Garraza
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Navazo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Cesani
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fabrizio P, Alcolei A, Solari F. Considering Caenorhabditis elegans Aging on a Temporal and Tissue Scale: The Case of Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling. Cells 2024; 13:288. [PMID: 38334680 PMCID: PMC10854721 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aging process is inherently complex, involving multiple mechanisms that interact at different biological scales. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple model organism that has played a pivotal role in aging research following the discovery of mutations extending lifespan. Longevity pathways identified in C. elegans were subsequently found to be conserved and regulate lifespan in multiple species. These pathways intersect with fundamental hallmarks of aging that include nutrient sensing, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis loss, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we summarize recent data obtained in C. elegans highlighting the importance of studying aging at both the tissue and temporal scale. We then focus on the neuromuscular system to illustrate the kinetics of changes that take place with age. We describe recently developed tools that enabled the dissection of the contribution of the insulin/IGF-1 receptor ortholog DAF-2 to the regulation of worm mobility in specific tissues and at different ages. We also discuss guidelines and potential pitfalls in the use of these new tools. We further highlight the opportunities that they present, especially when combined with recent transcriptomic data, to address and resolve the inherent complexity of aging. Understanding how different aging processes interact within and between tissues at different life stages could ultimately suggest potential intervention points for age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fabrizio
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5239, INSERM 1210, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | - Allan Alcolei
- INMG, MeLiS, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Florence Solari
- INMG, MeLiS, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baden HM, Colchero F, Cubey R, Dahlgren JP. Aging varies greatly within a single genus: A demographic study of Rhododendron spp. in botanic gardens. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16247. [PMID: 37792540 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE There is mounting evidence that age matters in plant demography, but also indications that relationships between age and demographic rates may vary significantly among species. Age-based plant demographic data, however, are time-consuming to collect and still lacking for most species, and little is known about general patterns across species or what may drive differences. METHODS We used individual birth and death records for 12 Rhododendron species from botanic gardens and conducted Bayesian survival trajectory analyses to assess how mortality changed with age. We calculated the demographic measures of aging rate, life-span equality, and life expectancy for each species, and assessed their relationships with the climatic conditions at species' sites of ancestral origin and with taxonomic group (subgenus). RESULTS We found substantial among-species variation in survival trajectories, with mortality increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant with advancing age. Moreover, we found no relationships between demographic measures and ancestral climatic conditions but there were statistically significant differences among taxonomic groups in the rate of change in mortality with age (aging rate). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that demographic consequences of aging can differ qualitatively, even among species in the same genus. In addition, taxonomic trends in aging rates indicate they may be genetically determined, though evolutionary drivers are still unclear. Furthermore, we suggest there is untapped potential in using botanic garden records in future studies on plant life history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Maria Baden
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Fernando Colchero
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark
- Department of Mathematics and Data Science, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Rob Cubey
- Plant Records, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johan P Dahlgren
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Hahad O, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Daiber A. Impact of air pollution on cardiovascular aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111857. [PMID: 37611809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The world population is aging rapidly, and by some estimates, the number of people older than 60 will double in the next 30 years. With the increase in life expectancy, adverse effects of environmental exposures start playing a more prominent role in human health. Air pollution is now widely considered the most detrimental of all environmental risk factors, with some studies estimating that almost 20% of all deaths globally could be attributed to poor air quality. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and will continue to account for the most significant percentage of non-communicable disease burden. Cardiovascular aging with defined pathomechanisms is a major trigger of cardiovascular disease in old age. Effects of environmental risk factors on cardiovascular aging should be considered in order to increase the health span and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in older populations. In this review, we explore the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular aging, from the molecular mechanisms to cardiovascular manifestations of aging and, finally, the age-related cardiovascular outcomes. We also explore the distinction between the effects of air pollution on healthy aging and disease progression. Future efforts should focus on extending the health span rather than the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivana Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aristov VV, Karnaukhov AV, Buchelnikov AS, Levchenko VF, Nechipurenko YD. The Degradation and Aging of Biological Systems as a Process of Information Loss and Entropy Increase. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1067. [PMID: 37510014 PMCID: PMC10378089 DOI: 10.3390/e25071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The problem of the degradation and aging of bioorganisms is herein considered from the viewpoint of statistical physics. Two typical timescales in biological systems-the time of metabolic processes and the time of the life cycle-are used. A kinetic equation describing the small timescales of the systems' characteristic processes in is proposed. Maintaining a biosystem in a time-stable state requires a constant inflow of negative entropy (negentropy). Ratios are proposed to evaluate the aging and degradation of systems in terms of entropy. As an example, the aging of the epithelium is studied. The connection of our approach to the information theory of aging is discussed, as well as theoretical constructions related to the concept of cooperon and its changing with time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Aristov
- Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 40, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Karnaukhov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moskovskaya obl., Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anatoly S Buchelnikov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Sevastopol State University, Universitetskaya Str. 33, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Laboratory of DNA-Protein Interactions, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Levchenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yury D Nechipurenko
- Laboratory of DNA-Protein Interactions, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lathe R, St Clair D. Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023. [PMID: 37068798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence that semelparous species display evolutionarily programmed ageing in response to reproductive and environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal that ageing is orchestrated systemically through the circulation, accompanied by programmed changes in hormone levels across a lifetime. This implies that, like the circadian and circannual clocks, there is a master 'clock of age' (circavital clock) located in the limbic brain of mammals that modulates systemic changes in growth factor and hormone secretion over the lifespan, as well as systemic alterations in gene expression as revealed by genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated ageing in mice, as well as human longevity genes, converge on evolutionarily conserved fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, including KLOTHO, as well as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and steroid hormones, as key players mediating the systemic effects of ageing. Age-related changes in these and multiple other factors are inferred to cause a progressive decline in tissue maintenance through failure of stem cell replenishment. This most severely affects the immune system, which requires constant renewal from bone marrow stem cells. Age-related immune decline increases risk of infection whereas lifespan can be extended in germfree animals. This and other evidence suggests that infection is the major cause of death in higher organisms. Immune decline is also associated with age-related diseases. Taking the example of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess the evidence that AD is caused by immunosenescence and infection. The signature protein of AD brain, Aβ, is now known to be an antimicrobial peptide, and Aβ deposits in AD brain may be a response to infection rather than a cause of disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, we argue that the location of the pathology is crucial - specifically, lesions to limbic brain are likely to accentuate immunosenescence, and could thus underlie a vicious cycle of accelerated immune decline and microbial proliferation that culminates in AD. This general model may extend to other age-related diseases, and we propose a general paradigm of organismal senescence in which declining stem cell proliferation leads to programmed immunosenescence and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stoeger T. The Road Less Traveled: Uncovering the Convergence Toward Specific Pleiotropic Phenotypes in Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534472. [PMID: 37034589 PMCID: PMC10081180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process influenced by a wide range of environmental and molecular factors. Despite this complexity, individuals tend to age in highly similar ways, leading to the question of what drives this convergence. Recent research, including my own discoveries, suggests that the length of transcript molecules plays a crucial role in age-dependent changes to the transcriptome. Drawing inspiration from the road trip analogy of cellular transcription, I propose that a non-linear scaling law drives convergence towards specific pleiotropic phenotypes in biological aging. This scaling law is based on the notion that molecular changes observed during aging may reflect unspecific damage to cellular physiology. By validating this hypothesis, I can improve our understanding of biological aging and identify new candidate compounds for anti-aging interventions, as well as re-identify one known intervention. This work has actionable implications for improving human health and extending lifespans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stoeger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Olovnikov AM. Planetary Metronome as a Regulator of Lifespan and Aging Rate: The Metronomic Hypothesis. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1640-1650. [PMID: 36717453 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A metronomic mechanism for the duration control of ontogenetic cycle periods of an animal is proposed. The components of the proposed metronomic system include the ventricular system of the brain, planet Earth as a generator of metronomic signals, and temporal DNA (tDNA) as a substrate that is epigenetically marked to measure elapsed time of ontogenesis. The metronomic system generates repetitive signals in the form of hydrodynamic disturbances in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The metronomic effect arises due to the superposition of two processes - the near-wall unidirectional flow of CSF and oscillations in the movement of the planet. Hydrodynamic impacts of the metronome are transformed into nerve impulses that initiate epigenetic modification of tDNA in neurons, changing the content of factors expressed by this DNA for innervated targets of the body. The duration of ontogenetic cycle periods, including duration of the adult life, depends on the rate of addition of epigenetic marks to tDNA. This rate depends mainly on the frequency of the metronomic signals used by each particular species. But epigenetic modifications can also be influenced by factors that modulate metabolism and the rate of chromatin modifications, such as a calorie-restricted diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Olovnikov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cohen AA, Ferrucci L, Fülöp T, Gravel D, Hao N, Kriete A, Levine ME, Lipsitz LA, Olde Rikkert MGM, Rutenberg A, Stroustrup N, Varadhan R. A complex systems approach to aging biology. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:580-591. [PMID: 37117782 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Having made substantial progress understanding molecules, cells, genes and pathways, aging biology research is now moving toward integration of these parts, attempting to understand how their joint dynamics may contribute to aging. Such a shift of perspective requires the adoption of a formal complex systems framework, a transition being facilitated by large-scale data collection and new analytical tools. Here, we provide a theoretical framework to orient researchers around key concepts for this transition, notably emergence, interaction networks and resilience. Drawing on evolutionary theory, network theory and principles of homeostasis, we propose that organismal function is accomplished by the integration of regulatory mechanisms at multiple hierarchical scales, and that the disruption of this ensemble causes the phenotypic and functional manifestations of aging. We present key examples at scales ranging from sub-organismal biology to clinical geriatrics, outlining how this approach can potentially enrich our understanding of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging and Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
- Butler Columbia Aging Center and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging and Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Department of Biology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nan Hao
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andres Kriete
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lewis A Lipsitz
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Stroustrup
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Department of Oncology, Quantitative Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ng GYQ, Hande V, Ong MH, Wong BWX, Loh ZWL, Ho WD, Handison LB, Tan IMSP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Effects of dietary interventions on telomere dynamics. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503472. [PMID: 35483787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres play a critical role in maintaining cellular fate through tight regulation of cell division and DNA damage or repair. Over the years, it is established that biological ageing is defined by a gradual derangement in functionality, productivity, and robustness of biological processes. The link between telomeres and ageing is highlighted when derangement in telomere biology often leads to premature ageing and concomitant accompaniment of numerous age-associated diseases. Unfortunately, given that ageing is a biologically complicated intricacy, measures to reduce morbidity and improve longevity are still largely in the infancy stage. Recently, it was discovered that dietary habits and interventions might play a role in promoting successful healthy ageing. The intricate relationship between dietary components and its potential to protect the integrity of telomeres may provide unprecedented health benefits and protection against age-related pathologies. However, more focused prospective and follow-up studies with and without interventions are needed to unequivocally link dietary interventions with telomere maintenance in humans. This review aims to summarise recent findings that investigate the roles of nutrition on telomere biology and provide enough evidence for further studies to consider the topic of nutrigenomics and its contributions toward healthy ageing and concomitant strategy against age-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varsha Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hui Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beverly Wen-Xin Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei D Ho
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lionel B Handison
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David Y Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Mangalore University, Mangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Borrás C. [New challenges to discover the biological secrets of aging]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2022; 57:5. [PMID: 35063146 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Borrás
- Grupo de investigación Freshage, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERFES, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genomic instability in the naturally and prematurely aged myocardium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022974118. [PMID: 34465617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022974118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, the unresolved accumulation of DNA variants, is hypothesized as one of the contributors to the natural aging process. We assessed the frequency of unresolved DNA damage reaching the transcriptome of the murine myocardium during the course of natural aging and in hearts from four distinct mouse models of premature aging with established aging-related cardiac dysfunctions. RNA sequencing and variant calling based on total RNA sequencing was compared between hearts from naturally aging mice, mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of Ercc1, a component of the DNA repair machinery, mice with reduced mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, Tert-deficient mice with reduced telomere length, and a mouse model of human Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Our results demonstrate that no enrichment in variants is evident in the naturally aging murine hearts until 2 y of age from the HGPS mouse model or mice with reduced telomere lengths. In contrast, a dramatic accumulation of variants was evident in Ercc1 cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice with deficient DNA repair machinery, in mice with reduced mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, and in the intestine, liver, and lung of naturally aging mice. Our data demonstrate that genomic instability does not evidently contribute to naturally aging of the mouse heart in contrast to other organs and support the contention that the endogenous DNA repair machinery is remarkably active to maintain genomic integrity in cardiac cells throughout life.
Collapse
|
14
|
Teulière J, Bernard C, Bapteste E. Interspecific interactions that affect ageing: Age-distorters manipulate host ageing to their own evolutionary benefits. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101375. [PMID: 34082078 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic causes for ageing are traditionally investigated within a species. Yet, the lifecycles of many organisms intersect. Additional evolutionary and genetic causes of ageing, external to a focal species/organism, may thus be overlooked. Here, we introduce the phrase and concept of age-distorters and its evidence. Age-distorters carry ageing interfering genes, used to manipulate the biological age of other entities upon which the reproduction of age-distorters relies, e.g. age-distorters bias the reproduction/maintenance trade-offs of cells/organisms for their own evolutionary interests. Candidate age-distorters include viruses, parasites and symbionts, operating through specific, genetically encoded interferences resulting from co-evolution and arms race between manipulative non-kins and manipulable species. This interference results in organismal ageing when age-distorters prompt manipulated organisms to favor their reproduction at the expense of their maintenance, turning these hosts into expanded disposable soma. By relying on reproduction/maintenance trade-offs affecting disposable entities, which are left ageing to the reproductive benefit of other physically connected lineages with conflicting evolutionary interests, the concept of age-distorters expands the logic of the Disposable Soma theory beyond species with fixed germen/soma distinctions. Moreover, acknowledging age-distorters as external sources of mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropic genes expands the scope of the mutation accumulation and of the antagonistic pleiotropy theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Teulière
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Charles Bernard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bapteste
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iourov IY, Yurov YB, Vorsanova SG, Kutsev SI. Chromosome Instability, Aging and Brain Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051256. [PMID: 34069648 PMCID: PMC8161106 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) has been repeatedly associated with aging and progeroid phenotypes. Moreover, brain-specific CIN seems to be an important element of pathogenic cascades leading to neurodegeneration in late adulthood. Alternatively, CIN and aneuploidy (chromosomal loss/gain) syndromes exhibit accelerated aging phenotypes. Molecularly, cellular senescence, which seems to be mediated by CIN and aneuploidy, is likely to contribute to brain aging in health and disease. However, there is no consensus about the occurrence of CIN in the aging brain. As a result, the role of CIN/somatic aneuploidy in normal and pathological brain aging is a matter of debate. Still, taking into account the effects of CIN on cellular homeostasis, the possibility of involvement in brain aging is highly likely. More importantly, the CIN contribution to neuronal cell death may be responsible for neurodegeneration and the aging-related deterioration of the brain. The loss of CIN-affected neurons probably underlies the contradiction between reports addressing ontogenetic changes of karyotypes within the aged brain. In future studies, the combination of single-cell visualization and whole-genome techniques with systems biology methods would certainly define the intrinsic role of CIN in the aging of the normal and diseased brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Iourov
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-109-03-93 (ext. 3500)
| | - Yuri B. Yurov
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Vorsanova
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heinze J, Giehr J. The plasticity of lifespan in social insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190734. [PMID: 33678025 PMCID: PMC7938164 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the central questions of ageing research is why lifespans of organisms differ so tremendously among related taxa and, even more surprising, among members of the same species. Social insects provide a particularly pronounced example for this. Here, we review previously published information on lifespan plasticity in social insects and provide new data on worker lifespan in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, which because of its relatively short lifespan is a convenient model to study ageing. We show that individual lifespan may vary within species with several reproductive and social traits, such as egg-laying rate, queen number, task, colony size and colony composition. For example, in Cardiocondyla, highly fecund queens live longer than reproductively less active queens, and workers tend to live longer when transferred into a novel social environment or, as we show with new data, into small colonies. We hypothesize that this plasticity of lifespan serves to maximize the reproductive output of the colony as a whole and thus the inclusive fitness of all individuals. The underlying mechanisms that link the social environment or reproductive status with lifespan are currently unresolved. Several studies in honeybees and ants indicate an involvement of nutrient-sensing pathways, but the details appear to differ among species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Heinze
- Zoology/Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040 Germany
| | - Julia Giehr
- Zoology/Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Panagiotou M, Michel S, Meijer JH, Deboer T. The aging brain: sleep, the circadian clock and exercise. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114563. [PMID: 33857490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process likely stemming from damage accumulation and/or a decline in maintenance and repair mechanisms in the organisms that eventually determine their lifespan. In our review, we focus on the morphological and functional alterations that the aging brain undergoes affecting sleep and the circadian clock in both human and rodent models. Although both species share mammalian features, differences have been identified on several experimental levels, which we outline in this review. Additionally, we delineate some challenges on the preferred analysis and we suggest that a uniform route is followed so that findings can be smoothly compared. We conclude by discussing potential interventions and highlight the influence of physical exercise as a beneficial lifestyle intervention, and its effect on healthy aging and longevity. We emphasize that even moderate age-matched exercise is able to ameliorate several aging characteristics as far as sleep and circadian rhythms are concerned, independent of the species studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Panagiotou
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - S Michel
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J H Meijer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - T Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Borrás C. The Challenge of Unlocking the Biological Secrets of Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:676573. [PMID: 35822036 PMCID: PMC9261341 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.676573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
Age is a common risk factor in many diseases, but the molecular basis for this relationship is elusive. In this study we identified 4 disease clusters from 116 diseases in the UK Biobank data, defined by their age-of-onset profiles, and found that diseases with the same onset profile are genetically more similar, suggesting a common etiology. This similarity was not explained by disease categories, co-occurrences or disease cause-effect relationships. Two of the four disease clusters had an increased risk of occurrence from age 20 and 40 years respectively. They both showed an association with known aging-related genes, yet differed in functional enrichment and evolutionary profiles. Moreover, they both had age-related expression and methylation changes. We also tested mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy theories of aging and found support for both.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sholl J. Can aging research generate a theory of health? HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:45. [PMID: 33768353 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While aging research and policy aim to promote 'health' at all ages, there remains no convincing explanation of what this 'health' is. In this paper, I investigate whether we can find, implicit within the sciences of aging, a way to know what health is and how to measure it, i.e. a theory of health. To answer this, I start from scientific descriptions of aging and its modulators and then try to develop some generalizations about 'health' implicit within this research. After discussing some of the core aspects of aging and the ways in which certain models describe spatial and temporal features specific to both aging and healthy phenotypes, I then extract, explicate, and evaluate one potential construct of health in these models. This suggests a theory of health based on the landscape of optimized phenotypic trajectories. I conclude by considering why it matters for more candidate theories to be proposed and evaluated by philosophers and scientists alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sholl
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marques-Reis M, Moreno E. Role of cell competition in ageing. Dev Biol 2021; 476:79-87. [PMID: 33753080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in rapid medical detection and diagnostic technology have extended both human health and life expectancy. However, ageing remains one of the critical risk factors in contributing to major incapacitating and fatal conditions, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is vital to study how ageing attributes to (or participates in) endangering human health via infliction of age-related diseases and what must be done to tackle this intractable process. This review encompasses the most recent literature elaborating the role of cell competition (CC) during ageing. CC is a process that occurs between two heterogeneous populations, where the cells with higher fitness levels have a competitive advantage over the neighbouring cells that have comparatively lower fitness levels. This interaction results in the selection of the fit cells, within a population, and elimination of the viable yet suboptimal cells. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that, if this quality control mechanism works efficiently throughout life, can it ultimately lead to a healthier ageing and extended lifespan. Furthermore, the review aims to collate all the important state of the art publications that provides evidence of the relevance of CC in dietary restriction, stem cell dynamics, and cell senescence, thus, prompting us to advocate its contribution and in exploring new avenues and opportunities in fighting age-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marques-Reis
- Cell Fitness Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Moreno
- Cell Fitness Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi SH, Lee R, Nam SM, Kim DG, Cho IH, Kim HC, Cho Y, Rhim H, Nah SY. Ginseng gintonin, aging societies, and geriatric brain diseases. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100450. [PMID: 32817818 PMCID: PMC7426447 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dramatic increase in aging populations and low birth rates rapidly drive aging societies and increase aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. However, functional food or medicinal formulations to prevent geriatric brain disorders are not readily available. Panax ginseng is a candidate, since ginseng has long-been consumed as a rejuvenating agent. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the components of ginseng that are responsible for brain rejuvenation and human longevity are unknown. Accumulating evidence shows that gintonin is a candidate for the anti-aging ingredient of ginseng, especially in brain senescence. METHODS Gintonin, a glycolipoprotein complex, contains three lipid-derived G protein-coupled receptor ligands: lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs), lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs), and linoleic acid (LA). LPA, LPI, and LA act on six LPA receptor subtypes, GPR55, and GPR40, respectively. These G protein-coupled receptors are distributed within the nervous and non-nervous systems of the human body. RESULTS Gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) exhibits anti-brain senescence and effects against disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Oral administration of gintonin in animal models of d-galactose-induced brain aging, AD, HD, and PD restored cognitive and motor functions. The underlying molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated anti-brain aging and anti-neurodegenerative diseases include neurogenesis, autophagy stimulation, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review describes the characteristics of gintonin and GEF, and how gintonin exerts its effects on brain aging and brain associated-neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Finally, we describe how GEF can be applied to improve the quality of life of senior citizens in aging societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Neurovascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Cho
- Center for Neuroscience Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wongchum N, Dechakhamphu A. Ethanol extract of Cassia siamea L. increases life span in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100925. [PMID: 33553687 PMCID: PMC7844133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem of Cassia siamea L. (Fabaceae) has been used in traditional Thai medicine as a longevity remedy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic stem extract of C. siamea (CSE) on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that a diet containing 10 mg/mL CSE could significantly extend the mean life span of D. melanogaster by 14% compared with the control diet (P < 0.01). The maximum life span was 74, 78, and 84 days in control, CSE (5 mg/mL) and CSE (10 mg/mL) groups, respectively. Supplementation of CSE at 10 mg/mL also significantly increases the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) at days 25 and 40 compared with the control diet. Treatment of CSE at 5 and 10 mg/mL significantly increased the climbing ability of D. melanogaster both on days 25 and 40 compared with the control flies. Paraquat and H2O2 challenge test showed that flies fed with CSE at 10 mg/mL had a longer survival time than the control flies (P < 0.01). This study provides supportive evidence that supplementation with CSE prolonged life span and reduced oxidative stress in D. melanogaster. Supplementation with Cassia siamea extract extended the lifespan and improved the fly's locomotor activity C. siamea extract supplementation increased SOD and CAT activities in the fly. C. siamea extract supplementation improved survival after exposure to free radicals in the fly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nattapong Wongchum
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubonratchathani, 34000, Thailand
| | - Ananya Dechakhamphu
- Thai Traditional Medicine Program, Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubonratchathani, 34000, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Skin Mirrors Brain: A Chance for Alzheimer’s Disease Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1339:371-380. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
Guilbaud A, Mailliez A, Boulanger É. [Aging: a global, multidimensional and preventive approach]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:1173-1180. [PMID: 33296634 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is physiological and begins very early. It can be accelerated by our lifestyle and by chronic diseases. There are over 300 "theories" of aging and many animal models have been developed ranging from yeast to more complex organisms. Civil age is not a reflection of an individual's physiological age. Starting from the age of 30 a decrease in organ function can be observed. The aging of an individual leads him to 3 states: vigourous, polypathological and dependent or frail. The state of fragility is reversible. We have to be an actor in our aging and no longer suffer it. The centenarians of the blue zones have achieved, culturally, active aging which has led them to successful aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Guilbaud
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Mailliez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000, Lille, France - Pôle de gérontologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Éric Boulanger
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000, Lille, France - Pôle de gérontologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France - Département universitaire de gériatrie et biologie du vieillissement, Faculté de médecine de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zagkle E, Grosiak M, Bauchinger U, Sadowska ET. Rest-Phase Hypothermia Reveals a Link Between Aging and Oxidative Stress: A Novel Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:575060. [PMID: 33362574 PMCID: PMC7756103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.575060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In endotherms, growth, reproduction, and survival are highly depended on energy metabolism. Maintenance of constant body temperature can be challenging for endotherms under continuously changing environmental conditions, such as low or high ambient temperatures or limited food. Thus, many birds may drop body temperature below normothermic values during the night, known as rest-phase hypothermia, presumably to decrease energy metabolism. Under the assumption of the positive link between aerobic metabolism and reactive oxygen species, it is reasonable to suggest that low body temperature, a proxy of energy metabolism, will affect oxidative stress of the birds. Aging may considerably affect behavior, performance and physiology in birds and still requires further investigation to understand age-specific changes along the lifespan of the organism. Until today, age-specific rest-phase hypothermic responses and their effect on oxidant-antioxidant status have never been investigated. We exposed 25 zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) of three age classes, 12 young birds (1.1–1.3 years old), 8 middle-aged (2.4–2.8 years old), and 5 old birds (4.2–7.5 years old) to day-long food deprivation or provided them normal access to food under thermoneutral conditions. We compared night-time body temperature, measured through implanted data loggers, and quantified plasma oxidative status (uric acid, antioxidant capacity, and d-ROM assay) the following morning. We found age-related differences in night-time body temperature following a day-long food deprivation while all three age groups remained normothermic in the night following a day with access to food. The lowest minimum body temperature (LSM ± SE: 36.6 ± 0.2°C) was observed in old individuals during rest-phase hypothermia. Surprisingly, these old birds also revealed the highest levels of plasma oxidative damage, while young and middle-aged birds maintained higher night-time body temperature and showed lower values of oxidative damage. These results lead us to propose a novel hypothesis on how aging may lead to an accumulation of oxidative damage; the impaired physiological capacity to thermoregulate with advancing age does increase the risk of oxidative stress under challenging conditions. When energy is limited, the risk to encounter oxidative stress is increasing via a compensation to defend normothermic body temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Zagkle
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Grosiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fletcher JR. Anti-aging technoscience & the biologization of cumulative inequality: Affinities in the biopolitics of successful aging. J Aging Stud 2020; 55:100899. [PMID: 33272453 PMCID: PMC7576313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper charts the emergence of under-remarked affinities between contemporary anti-aging technoscience and some social scientific work on biological aging. Both have recently sought to develop increasingly sophisticated operationalizations of age, aging and agedness as biological phenomena, in response to traditional notions of normal and chronological aging. Rather than being an interesting coincidence, these affinities indicate the influence of a biopolitics of successful aging on government, industry and social science. This biopolitics construes aging as a personal project that is mastered through specific forms of entrepreneurial individual action, especially consumption practices. Social scientists must remain alert to this biopolitics and its influence on their own work, because the individualization of cumulative inequalities provides intellectual and moral justifications for anti-aging interventions that exploit those inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Rupert Fletcher
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cohen AA, Legault V, Fülöp T. What if there’s no such thing as “aging”? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
29
|
Kraft TS, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Garcia AR, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Multi-system physiological dysregulation and ageing in a subsistence population. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190610. [PMID: 32951553 PMCID: PMC7540955 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have the longest post-reproductive lifespans and lowest rates of actuarial ageing among primates. Understanding the links between slow actuarial ageing and physiological change is critical for improving the human 'healthspan'. Physiological dysregulation may be a key feature of ageing in industrialized populations with high burdens of chronic 'diseases of civilization', but little is known about age trajectories of physiological condition in subsistence populations with limited access to public health infrastructure. To better characterize human physiological dysregulation, we examined age trajectories of 40 biomarkers spanning the immune (n = 13 biomarkers), cardiometabolic (n = 14), musculoskeletal (n = 6) and other (n = 7) systems among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon using mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal data (n = 22 115 observations). We characterized age-related changes using a multi-system statistical index of physiological dysregulation (Mahalanobis distance; Dm) that increases with age in both humans and other primates. Although individual biomarkers showed varied age profiles, we found a robust increase in age-related dysregulation for Tsimane (β = 0.17-0.18) that was marginally faster than that reported for an industrialized Western sample (β = 0.14-0.16), but slower than that of other non-human primates. We found minimal sex differences in the pace or average level of dysregulation for Tsimane. Our findings highlight some conserved patterns of physiological dysregulation in humans, consistent with the notion that somatic ageing exhibits species-typical patterns, despite cross-cultural variation in environmental exposures, lifestyles and mortality. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Kraft
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Novel resveratrol derivatives have diverse effects on the survival, proliferation and senescence of primary human fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2020; 21:817-826. [PMID: 32793997 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol alters the cytokinetics of mammalian cell populations in a dose dependent manner. Concentrations above 25-50 µM typically trigger growth arrest, senescence and/or apoptosis in multiple different cell types. In contrast, concentrations below 10 µM enhance the growth of log phase cell cultures and can rescue senescence in multiple strains of human fibroblasts. To better understand the structural features that regulate these effects, a panel of 24 structurally-related resveralogues were synthesised and evaluated for their capacity to activate SIRT1, as determined by an ex-vivo SIRT1 assay, their toxicity, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release, and their effects on replicative senescence in MRC5 human fibroblasts as measured by their effects on Ki67 immunoreactivity and senescence-associated β galactosidase activity. Minor modifications to the parent stilbene, resveratrol, significantly alter the biological activities of the molecules. Replacement of the 3,5-dihydroxy substituents with 3,5-dimethoxy groups significantly enhances SIRT1 activity, and reduces toxicity. Minimising other strong conjugative effects also reduces toxicity, but negatively impacts SIRT1 activation. At 100 µM many of the compounds, including resveratrol, induce senescence in primary MRC5 cells in culture. Modifications that reduce or remove this effect match those that reduce toxicity leading to a correlation between reduction in labelling index and increase in LDH release. At 10 µM, the majority of our compounds significantly enhance the growth fraction of log phase cultures of MRC5 cells, consistent with the rescue of a subpopulation of cells within the culture from senescence. SIRT1 activation is not required for rescue to occur but enhances the size of the effect.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ivimey-Cook E, Moorad J. The diversity of maternal-age effects upon pre-adult survival across animal species. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200972. [PMID: 32781953 PMCID: PMC7575525 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal senescence is the detrimental effect of increased maternal age on offspring performance. Despite much recent interest given to describing this phenomenon, its distribution across animal species is poorly understood. A review of the published literature finds that maternal age affects pre-adult survival in 252 of 272 populations (93%) representing 97 animal species. Age effects tended to be deleterious in invertebrates and mammals, including humans, confirming the presence of senescence. However, bird species were a conspicuous exception, as pre-adult survival tended to increase with maternal age in surveyed populations. In all groups, maternal-age effects became more negative in older mothers. Invertebrates senesced faster than vertebrates, and humans aged faster than non-human mammals. Within invertebrates, lepidopterans demonstrated the most extreme rates of maternal-effect senescence. Among the surveyed studies, phylogeny, life history and environment (e.g. laboratory versus wild populations) were tightly associated; this made it difficult to make confident inferences regarding the causes of diversity for the phenomenon. However, we provide some testable suggestions, and we observe that some differences appear to be consistent with predictions from evolutionary theory. We discuss how future work may help clarify ultimate and proximate causes for this diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ivimey-Cook
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Barth E, Sieber P, Stark H, Schuster S. Robustness during Aging-Molecular Biological and Physiological Aspects. Cells 2020; 9:E1862. [PMID: 32784503 PMCID: PMC7465392 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process of aging is still an important challenge to enable healthy aging and to prevent age-related diseases. Most studies in age research investigate the decline in organ functionality and gene activity with age. The focus on decline can even be considered a paradigm in that field. However, there are certain aspects that remain surprisingly stable and keep the organism robust. Here, we present and discuss various properties of robust behavior during human and animal aging, including physiological and molecular biological features, such as the hematocrit, body temperature, immunity against infectious diseases and others. We examine, in the context of robustness, the different theories of how aging occurs. We regard the role of aging in the light of evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Barth
- RNA Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Patricia Sieber
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Heiko Stark
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research with Phyletic Museum, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Halim MA, Tan FHP, Azlan A, Rasyid II, Rosli N, Shamsuddin S, Azzam G. Ageing, Drosophila melanogaster and Epigenetics. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:7-19. [PMID: 32684802 PMCID: PMC7337951 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a phenomenon where the accumulation of all the stresses that alter the functions of living organisms, halter them from maintaining their physiological balance and eventually lead to death. The emergence of epigenetic tremendously contributed to the knowledge of ageing. Epigenetic changes in cells or tissues like deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, modification of histone proteins, transcriptional modification and also the involvement of non-coding DNA has been documented to be associated with ageing. In order to study ageing, scientists have taken advantage of several potential organisms to aid them in their study. Drosophila melanogaster has been an essential model in establishing current understanding of the mechanism of ageing as they possess several advantages over other competitors like having homologues to more than 75% of human disease genes, having 50% of Drosophila genes are homologues to human genes and most importantly they are genetically amenable. Here, we would like to summarise the extant knowledge about ageing and epigenetic process and the role of Drosophila as an ideal model to study epigenetics in association with ageing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mardani Abdul Halim
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Florence Hui Ping Tan
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Azali Azlan
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ian Ilham Rasyid
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurlina Rosli
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ghows Azzam
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Di Meo S, Venditti P. Evolution of the Knowledge of Free Radicals and Other Oxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9829176. [PMID: 32411336 PMCID: PMC7201853 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9829176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity. The evidence of their existence was obtained only at the beginning of the 20th century. Chemists gradually ascertained the involvement of free radicals in organic reactions and, in the middle of the 20th century, their production in biological systems. For several decades, free radicals were thought to cause exclusively damaging effects . This idea was mainly supported by the finding that oxygen free radicals readily react with all biological macromolecules inducing their oxidative modification and loss of function. Moreover, evidence was obtained that when, in the living organism, free radicals are not neutralized by systems of biochemical defences, many pathological conditions develop. However, after some time, it became clear that the living systems not only had adapted to the coexistence with free radicals but also developed methods to turn these toxic substances to their advantage by using them in critical physiological processes. Therefore, free radicals play a dual role in living systems: they are toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, causing oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction, and serve as molecular signals activating beneficial stress responses. This discovery also changed the way we consider antioxidants. Their use is usually regarded as helpful to counteract the damaging effects of free radicals but sometimes is harmful as it can block adaptive responses induced by low levels of radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Biologia, Complesso, Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Venditti
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Biologia, Complesso, Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Omae K, Kurita N, Takahashi S, Fukuma S, Yamamoto Y, Fukuhara S. Association of advanced glycation end-product accumulation with overactive bladder in community-dwelling elderly: A cross-sectional Sukagawa study. Asian J Urol 2020; 8:189-196. [PMID: 33996475 PMCID: PMC8099641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the influence of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation on the prevalence and severity of overactive bladder (OAB) in community-dwelling elderly adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 269 Japanese community dwellers aged ≥75 years in 2015. AGE accumulation was non-invasively measured via skin autofluorescence (SAF) values using AGE Reader. The primary and secondary outcomes were the presence and severity of OAB evaluated using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Individuals with an urgency score of ≥2 and sum score of ≥3 were considered to have OAB. The associations of SAF with the prevalence and severity of OAB were assessed using logistic and linear regression models, respectively, adjusted for clinically important confounders. Results The median age of participants was 78 years. Of 269 participants, 110 (40.9%) were men and 75 (27.9%) had OAB. The median SAF was 2.2 arbitrary units (AUs). Increasing median SAF was observed with increasing age. Multivariable analysis revealed that SAF was not associated with either the likelihood of having OAB (odds ratio per AU=0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–1.62) or the natural log-transformed OABSS (β per AU=−0.07, 95% confidence interval: −0.26–0.12). Conclusions In this study, AGE accumulation, as assessed by SAF, was not associated with the prevalence and severity of OAB in Japanese community-dwelling elderly people aged ≥75 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Omae
- Kyoto University, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Urology, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kurita
- Fukushima Medical University, Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sei Takahashi
- Kyoto University, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Fukushima Medical University, Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Kyoto University, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Kyoto University, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neuroprotective Strategies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072262. [PMID: 32218163 PMCID: PMC7177277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving the patients with optic neuropathies with permanent visual loss. An effective RGCs-directed therapy could provide a beneficial effect to prevent the progression of the disease. Axonal injury leads to the functional loss of RGCs and subsequently induces neuronal death, and axonal regeneration would be essential to restore the neuronal connectivity, and to reestablish the function of the visual system. The manipulation of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been proposed in order to stimulate axonal regeneration and functional repairing of axonal connections in the visual pathway. However, there is a missing point in the process since, until now, there is no therapeutic strategy directed to promote axonal regeneration of RGCs as a therapeutic approach for optic neuropathies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Libertini G, Corbi G, Cellurale M, Ferrara N. Age-Related Dysfunctions: Evidence and Relationship with Some Risk Factors and Protective Drugs. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 84:1442-1450. [PMID: 31870248 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The theories interpreting senescence as a phenomenon favored by natural selection require the existence of specific, genetically determined and regulated mechanisms that cause a progressive age-related increase in mortality. The mechanisms defined in the subtelomere-telomere theory suggest that progressive slackening of cell turnover and decline in cellular functions are determined by the subtelomere-telomere-telomerase system, which causes a progressive "atrophic syndrome" in all organs and tissues. If the mechanisms underlying aging-related dysfunctions are similar and having the same origin, it could be hypothesized that equal interventions could produce similar effects. This article reviews the consequences of some factors (diabetes, obesity/dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, moderate use and abuse of alcohol) and classes of drugs [statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, sartans] in accelerating and anticipating or in counteracting the process of aging. The evidence is compatible with the programmed aging paradigm and the mechanisms defined by the subtelomere-telomere theory but it has no obvious discriminating value against the theories of non-programmed aging paradigm. However, the existence of mechanisms, determined by the subtelomere-telomere-telomerase system and causing a progressive age-related decline in fitness through gradual cell senescence and cell senescence, is not justifiable without an evolutionary motivation. Their existence is expected by the programmed aging paradigm, while is incompatible with the opposite paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Libertini
- Independent researcher, member of the Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology, Italy.
| | - G Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, and Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Campobasso, 86100, Italy.
| | - M Cellurale
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - N Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, SpA SB, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Faragher RGA, Ostler EL. Resveralogues: From Novel Ageing Mechanisms to New Therapies? Gerontology 2020; 66:231-237. [PMID: 31914446 DOI: 10.1159/000504845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For much of the 20th century the ageing process was thought to be the result of the interplay of many different biological processes, each with relatively small effects on organismal lifespan. However, this model is no longer tenable. Rather it seems a few biological mechanisms, including nutrient sensing, telomere attrition and cellular senescence, mediate large effects on health and longevity. Biogerontology may have suffered from initial delusions of complexity. However, we argue that it is premature to assume either that the list of biological processes influencing lifespan is now comprehensive or that these mechanisms act independently of each other. A case in point is provided by recent work linking together changes in RNA splicing with advancing age and the ability of polyphenolics based on resveratrol to reverse replicative senescence. In this opinion piece, we propose a novel model in which the factors regulating splice restriction and those controlling cell senescence intersect across chronological and divisional time, giving rise to senescent and growing cells with more diverse properties than previously thought. We also consider therapeutic opportunities and potential problems in the light of this revised conceptual understanding of human cell senescence and ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G A Faragher
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom,
| | - Elizabeth L Ostler
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Innan H, Veitia R, Govindaraju DR. Genetic and epigenetic Muller's ratchet as a mechanism of frailty and morbidity during aging: a demographic genetic model. Hum Genet 2019; 139:409-420. [PMID: 31713020 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutation accumulation has been proposed as a cause of senescence. During this process, age-related genetic and epigenetic mutations steadily accumulate. Cascading deleterious effects of mutations might initiate a steady "accumulation of deficits" in cells, despite the existence of repair mechanisms, leading to cellular senescence and functional decline of tissues and organs, which ultimately manifest as frailty and disease. Here, we investigate several of these aspects in differentiating cell populations through modeling and simulation using the Moran birth-death (demographic) process, under several scenarios of mutation accumulation. Deleterious mutations seem to rapidly accumulate particularly early in the course of life, during which the rate of cell division is high, thereby exerting a greater effect on subsequent cellular senescence. Our results are compatible with the principle of the Muller's ratchet taking place in asexually reproducing organisms. The ratchet speed in a given tissue depends on the size of the cell population, mutation rate and the impact of such mutations on cell phenotypes. It varies substantially among cells in different tissues and organs due to heterogeneity in relation to cell and organ-specific demographic features. Ratchet accelerates particularly after middle age, resulting in a synergistic fitness decay at the level of cell populations. We extend Fisher's average excess concept and rank order scale to interpret differential phenotypic effects of the increase of the mutation load among cell populations within a given tissue. We postulate that classical evolutionary genetic models can explain, at least in part, the origins of frailty, subclinical conditions, morbidity and the health consequences of senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Innan
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.
| | - Reiner Veitia
- Institute Jacques Monod, Paris, France.,Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Diddahally R Govindaraju
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,The Institute of Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hartmann C, Heinze J, Bernadou A. Age-dependent changes in cuticular color and pteridine levels in a clonal ant. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 118:103943. [PMID: 31518554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social insects are emerging models for studying aging and the longevity/fecundity trade-off. Research on the demography of colonies and populations are hampered by the lack of reliable age markers. Here we investigate the suitability of cuticular pigmentation and pteridine fluorescence for age grading individuals of the clonal ant Platythyrea punctata. We found that both traits varied with age. Cuticular color darkened with individual's age until 25-30 days after hatching. For pteridine fluorescence, we found that P. punctata workers show a decrease in head pteridine levels over time until 70-80 days of age. Together with other markers, such as age-based behavior, cuticular coloration and pteridine fluorescence may help to estimate the age structure of colonies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Hartmann
- Zoology / Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Heinze
- Zoology / Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abel Bernadou
- Zoology / Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A model of brain morphological changes related to aging and Alzheimer's disease from cross-sectional assessments. Neuroimage 2019; 198:255-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
42
|
Mautz BS, Rode NO, Bonduriansky R, Rundle HD. Comparing ageing and the effects of diet supplementation in wild vs. captive antler flies,
Protopiophila litigata. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1913-1924. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Mautz
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Diego I, Peleg S, Fuchs B. The role of lipids in aging-related metabolic changes. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 222:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
44
|
Turan ZG, Parvizi P, Dönertaş HM, Tung J, Khaitovich P, Somel M. Molecular footprint of Medawar's mutation accumulation process in mammalian aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12965. [PMID: 31062469 PMCID: PMC6612638 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medawar's mutation accumulation hypothesis explains aging by the declining force of natural selection with age: Slightly deleterious germline mutations expressed in old age can drift to fixation and thereby lead to aging‐related phenotypes. Although widely cited, empirical evidence for this hypothesis has remained limited. Here, we test one of its predictions that genes relatively highly expressed in old adults should be under weaker purifying selection than genes relatively highly expressed in young adults. Combining 66 transcriptome datasets (including 16 tissues from five mammalian species) with sequence conservation estimates across mammals, here we report that the overall conservation level of expressed genes is lower at old age compared to young adulthood. This age‐related decrease in transcriptome conservation (ADICT) is systematically observed in diverse mammalian tissues, including the brain, liver, lung, and artery, but not in others, most notably in the muscle and heart. Where observed, ADICT is driven partly by poorly conserved genes being up‐regulated during aging. In general, the more often a gene is found up‐regulated with age among tissues and species, the lower its evolutionary conservation. Poorly conserved and up‐regulated genes have overlapping functional properties that include responses to age‐associated tissue damage, such as apoptosis and inflammation. Meanwhile, these genes do not appear to be under positive selection. Hence, genes contributing to old age phenotypes are found to harbor an excess of slightly deleterious alleles, at least in certain tissues. This supports the notion that genetic drift shapes aging in multicellular organisms, consistent with Medawar's mutation accumulation hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Gözde Turan
- Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
| | - Poorya Parvizi
- Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Handan Melike Dönertaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL‐EBI Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge UK
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham North Carolina
- Duke Population Research Institute Duke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Mehmet Somel
- Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Arpón A, Milagro FI, Santos JL, García-Granero M, Riezu-Boj JI, Martínez JA. Interaction Among Sex, Aging, and Epigenetic Processes Concerning Visceral Fat, Insulin Resistance, and Dyslipidaemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:496. [PMID: 31379754 PMCID: PMC6653993 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of adipose tissue is influenced by gender and by age, shifting from subcutaneous to visceral depots with longevity, increasing the development of several aging-related diseases and manifestations such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. Epigenetics might have an important role in aging processes. The aim of this research was to investigate the interactions between aging and epigenetic processes and the role of visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia. Two different study samples of 366 and 269 adult participants were analyzed. Anthropometric, biochemical (including the triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index), and blood pressure measurements were assessed following standardized methods. Body composition measurements by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were also performed for the second sample. Methylation data were assessed by Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip (Illumina) in peripheral white blood cells. Epigenetic age acceleration was calculated using the methods DNAmAge (AgeAcc) and GrimAge (AgeAccGrim). Age acceleration (AgeAccGrim) showed better correlations than AgeAcc with most of the measured variables (waist circumference, glucose, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and TyG index) for the first sample. In the second sample, all the previous correlations were confirmed, except for HOMA-IR. In addition, many of the anthropometrical measurements assessed by DXA and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also statistically associated with AgeAccGrim. Associations separated by sex showed statistically significant correlations between AgeAccGrim and HDL-cholesterol or CRP in women, whereas, in men, the association was with visceral adipose tissue mass DXA, triglycerides and TyG index. Linear regression models (model 1 included visceral adipose tissue mass DXA and TyG index and model 2 included HDL-cholesterol and CRP) showed a significant association for men concerning visceral adipose tissue mass DXA and TyG index, while HDL-cholesterol and CRP were associated in women. Moreover, structural equation modeling showed that the TyG index was mediating the majority of the visceral adipose tissue mass action on age acceleration. Collectively, these findings showed that there are different mechanisms affecting epigenetic age acceleration depending on sex. The identified relationships between epigenetic age acceleration and disease markers will contribute to the understanding of the development of age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arpón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA), IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zha X, Tian Y, Gao X, Wang W, Yu C. Quantitatively evaluate the environmental impact factors of the life expectancy in Tibet, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1507-1520. [PMID: 30599055 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy is influenced by both innate human self-factors and external environmental factors. Due to the individual difference of self-factors, the external environment impacts on life expectancy are especially important under the geoscience perspective. However, few studies discussed impacts of various socioeconomic and environmental factors comprehensively, and quantitative analysis of multi-factors is lacking. We chose 13 potential factors of socio-economy, ecological environment, geological environment and geographical environment to quantitatively analyze their impacts and their interactive influences on Tibet's life expectancy in 2010 by using geographical detector (Geodetector) algorithm, and figure out their suitable ranges or types. Our results indicated that the high life expectancy at birth in Tibet are distributed like a strip; the main control factor of life expectancy in Tibet is socioeconomy, followed by geological environment; furthermore, the highest range of socioeconomic factors and the igneous rock exposed areas correspond to the maximum value of life expectancy at birth; factors of ecological environment have a certain impact on the life expectancy of Tibetan residents, while factors of geographical environment have few effects on the life expectancy. Lower radiation, moderate temperature and rainfall may have favorable effects on the increase in the life expectancy. The life expectancy of Tibet is mainly affected by socioeconomy, geological and ecological environment; interactions between these factors can increase the impact on the life expectancy of Tibet. Consequently, this study can better understand the impact factors of the life expectancy in Tibet and could provide a reference basis for local government's policy making of relocation and population management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Mitochondria and Aging-The Role of Exercise as a Countermeasure. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020040. [PMID: 31083586 PMCID: PMC6627948 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the life and death of most eukaryotic cells by virtue of their ability to supply adenosine triphosphate from aerobic respiration for growth, development, and maintenance of the ‘physiologic reserve’. Although their double-membrane structure and primary role as ‘powerhouses of the cell’ have essentially remained the same for ~2 billion years, they have evolved to regulate other cell functions that contribute to the aging process, such as reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. Biological aging is characterized by buildup of intracellular debris (e.g., oxidative damage, protein aggregates, and lipofuscin), which fuels a ‘vicious cycle’ of cell/DNA danger response activation (CDR and DDR, respectively), chronic inflammation (‘inflammaging’), and progressive cell deterioration. Therapeutic options that coordinately mitigate age-related declines in mitochondria and organelles involved in quality control, repair, and recycling are therefore highly desirable. Rejuvenation by exercise is a non-pharmacological approach that targets all the major hallmarks of aging and extends both health- and lifespan in modern humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zouboulis CC, Makrantonaki E, Nikolakis G. When the skin is in the center of interest: An aging issue. Clin Dermatol 2019; 37:296-305. [PMID: 31345316 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skin represents the first bearer of marks of time as well as an easily accessible model for the assessment and determination of the involved molecular mechanisms. The deterioration of important skin functions due to intrinsic and extrinsic aging leads to clinical manifestations, which mirror several internal age-associated diseases, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, skeletal, and endocrine/metabolic skin diseases. Current molecular data indicate that skin aging, especially intrinsic aging, mirrors age-related deficiencies in the entire human body. These data and the development of new biologic technologies highlight the importance of the skin in aging research and should enable future interdisciplinary projects on internal diseases, which could barely have been performed until recently due mainly to the lack of respective tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Eugenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Prazdnova EV, Mazanko MS, Chistyakov VA, Denisenko YV, Makarenko MS, Usatov AV, Bren AB, Tutelyan AV, Komarova ZB, Gorlov IF, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Effect of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 on the productivity, reproductive aging, and physiological characteristics of hens and roosters. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:395-412. [PMID: 30964325 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aims at investigating the effect of preparations of two bacilli strains on laying hens and roosters. Preparations were based on the strains Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895. Several groups of roosters and hens received a preparation based on either strain, or a mixture of both, from the first day to the last day of poultry in production. These preparations improved egg production, quality of sperm production, quality/hatchery of eggs, and slowed down the reproductive aging of hens. These observations were confirmed by the mathematical model proposed herein. At the molecular level, the slowing down of aging was confirmed by a decrease in the amount of mitochondrial DNA damage. Monitoring the physiological parameters of the experimental and control groups of birds showed that live weight gain in all experimental groups was higher than in the control group, and the reproductive organs of hens were more developed. There was also an improvement in the biochemical parameters of blood, the quality of the sperm of roosters, the laying of laying hens, and the morphological and biochemical parameters of the eggs. One of the most significant results is an increase in egg fertilization and a decrease in embryo death during the first 7 days of incubation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Prazdnova
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - M S Mazanko
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - V A Chistyakov
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Y V Denisenko
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - M S Makarenko
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - A V Usatov
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - A B Bren
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - A V Tutelyan
- 2 Federal Budget Institution of Science 'Central Research Institute of Epidemiology' of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Novogireevskaya 3a, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Z B Komarova
- 3 State Scientific Institution Volga Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I F Gorlov
- 3 State Scientific Institution Volga Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Volgograd, Russia
| | - R Weeks
- 4 Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, 08901-8520 NJ, USA
| | - M L Chikindas
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Mutagenesis, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki av. 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia.,4 Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, 08901-8520 NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Libertini G, Ferrara N, Rengo G, Corbi G. Elimination of Senescent Cells: Prospects According to the Subtelomere-Telomere Theory. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1477-1488. [PMID: 30878023 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence is an artificially reversible condition activated by various factors and characterized by replicative senescence and typical general alteration of cell functions, including extra-cellular secretion. The number of senescent cells increases with age and contributes strongly to the manifestations of aging. For these reasons, research is under way to obtain "senolytic" compounds, defined as drugs that eliminate senescent cells and therefore reduce aging-associated decay, as already shown in some experiments on animal models. This objective is analyzed in the context of the programmed aging paradigm, as described by the mechanisms of the subtelomere-telomere theory. In this regard, positive effects of the elimination of senescent cells and limits of this method are discussed. For comparison, positive effects and limits of telomerase activation are also analyzed, as well of the combined action of the two methods and the possible association of opportune gene modifications. Ethical issues associated with the use of these methods are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Libertini
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy.
| | - N Ferrara
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - G Rengo
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - G Corbi
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|