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Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Piccinali RV, Porcasi X, Marti GA, de Arias AR, Abrahan L, Suárez FC, Lobbia P, Medina G, Provecho Y, Cortez MR, Soria N, Gonçalves TC, Nattero J. Variety is the spice: The role of morphological variation of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) at a macro-scale. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107239. [PMID: 38735448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). One of the primary vectors of T. cruzi in South America is Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834). This triatomine species is distributed across a huge latitudinal gradient, inhabiting domiciliary , peridomiciliary , and wild environments. Its wide geographic distribution provides an excellent opportunity to study the relationships between environmental gradients and intraspecific morphological variation. In this study, we investigated variations in wing size and shape in T. infestans across six ecoregions. We aimed to address the following questions: How do wing size and shape vary on a regional scale, does morphological variation follow specific patterns along an environmental or latitudinal gradient, and what environmental factors might contribute to wing variation? Geometric morphometric methods were applied to the wings of 162 females belonging to 21 T. infestans populations, 13 from Argentina (n = 105), 5 from Bolivia (n = 42), and 3 from Paraguay (n = 15). A comparison of wing centroid size across the 21 populations showed significant differences. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) revealed significant differences in wing shape between the populations from Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, although there was a considerable overlap, especially among the Argentinian populations. Well-structured populations were observed for the Bolivian and Paraguayan groups. Two analyses were performed to assess the association between wing size and shape, geographic and climatic variables: multiple linear regression analysis (MRA) for size and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression for shape. The MRA showed a significant general model fit. Six temperature-related variables, one precipitation-related variable, and the latitude showed significant associations with wing size. The PLS analysis revealed a significant correlation between wing shape with latitude, longitude, temperature-related, and rainfall-related variables. Wing size and shape in T. infestans populations varied across geographic distribution. Our findings demonstrate that geographic and climatic variables significantly influence T. infestans wing morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CENDIE/ ANLIS-Malbrán). Av. Paseo Colón 568, CP 1063, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP 1425, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina V Piccinali
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, DEGE (FCEN, UBA), IEGEBA (UBA/CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Porcasi
- Instituto Gulich (CONAE UNC), Ruta C45 Km 8, CP 5187, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Aníbal Marti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP-asociado a CIC, Blvd. 120 y 60 CP 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, CP 1255, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Luciana Abrahan
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco, CP 5301, La Rioja, Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cano Suárez
- Programa Provincial Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud Pública San Juan. Santa Fe 977 (este) predio Hospital Dr Guillermo Rawson, CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP 1425, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UNOVE), Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CENDIE / ANLIS-Malbrán), Pabellón Rawson s/n. Hospital Colonia, CP 2423, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Medina
- Dirección de Control Integral de Vectores y Zoonosis. Laboratorio Entomológico y Parasitológico. Ministerio de Salud de Catamarca, Chacabuco 169, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Yael Provecho
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores. Av. 9 de Julio 1925, CP 1073, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirko Rojas Cortez
- Fundación Salud Naturaleza Integral (SANIT), Pasaje Fidelia de Sanchez 433, CP 00591, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Nicolás Soria
- División Manejo Integrado de Vectores, Departamento de Zoonosis, Dirección de Jurisdicción de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Santiago Cáceres 1885, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresa C Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz). Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, DEGE (FCEN, UBA), IEGEBA (UBA/CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Somjee U, Marting P, Anzaldo S, Simmons LW, Painting CJ. Extreme range in adult body size reveals hidden trade-offs among sexually selected traits. Evolution 2024:qpae084. [PMID: 38900629 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sexually selected weapons used to monopolize mating opportunities are predicted to trade-off with traits used in competition for fertilization. Yet, the limited size range typically found among adults of a species often precludes clear comparisons between population-level and individual-level relative trait investment. The jousting weevil, Brentus anchorago (Coleoptera: Brentidae), varies more than 26-fold in body mass, which is among the most extreme adult body size ranges of any solitary terrestrial species. We reveal a trade-off at a population level: hypermetric scaling in male weapons (slope = 1.59) and a closely mirrored reversal in allocation to postcopulatory traits (slope = 0.54). Yet, at the individual level, we find the opposite pattern; males that invest relatively more in weapons for their size class also invest more in postcopulatory traits. Across 36 dung beetle and 41 brentine weevil species, we find the allometric slope explains more trait variation at larger body size ranges; in brentines, population-level scaling patterns become more detectable in species with a larger range in adult body size. Our findings reveal that population-level allometries and individual-level trade-offs can both be important in shaping relative trait allocation; we highlight that the adult body size range is rarely examined but may be integral to gaining a deeper understanding of trade-offs in reproductive allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummat Somjee
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Peter Marting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Salvatore Anzaldo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Leigh W Simmons
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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3
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Rodrigues GD, Centeno Filho BL, Morales DF, Dimer RDFRM, Cavalheiro CDS, Krolow TK, Moura MO, Krüger RF. Discrimination of cryptic species: Tabanus triangulum and Tabanus occidentalis (Diptera: Tabanidae) differ in size and shape. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2024; 33:e020123. [PMID: 38896757 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Horse fly females (Diptera, Tabanidae) are hematophagous and can vector pathogens that affect livestock. Complexes of cryptic species are common in Tabanidae, as exemplified by some species of Tabanus, including Tabanus triangulum and Tabanus occidentalis, both prevalent in the Southern region of Brazil. In this study, geometric morphometrics were employed to ascertain the wing venation in species identification. It was demonstrated that this tool effectively differentiates T. triangulum from T. occidentalis in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul state, situated within the Pampa biome. The results indicate that T. triangulum and T. occidentalis occupy distinct regions of the morphological space, allowing their precise identification through geometric morphometrics, which is fast, affordable, and easy to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratchela Dutra Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal - PPGBDiv, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Diuliani Fonseca Morales
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia - PPGMPar, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Tiago Kütter Krolow
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ecologia e Conservação - PPGBEC, Universidade Federal de Tocantins - UFT, Porto Nacional, TO, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ferreira Krüger
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Parasitos e Vetores, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Ten Caten C, Dallas T. Latitudinal specificity of plant-avian frugivore interactions. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38826033 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Broad-scale assessments of plant-frugivore interactions indicate the existence of a latitudinal gradient in interaction specialization. The specificity (i.e. the similarity of the interacting partners) of plant-frugivore interactions could also change latitudinally given that differences in resource availability could favour species to become more or less specific in their interactions across latitudes. Species occurring in the tropics could be more taxonomically, phylogenetically and functionally specific in their interactions because of a wide range of resources that are constantly available in these regions that would allow these species to become more specialized in their resource usage. We used a data set on plant-avian frugivore interactions spanning a wide latitudinal range to examine these predictions, and we evaluated the relationship between latitude and taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional specificity of plant and frugivore interactions. These relationships were assessed using data on population interactions (population level), species means (species level) and community means (community level). We found that the specificity of plant-frugivore interactions is generally not different from null models. Although statistically significant relationships were often observed between latitude and the specificity of plant-frugivore interactions, the direction of these relationships was variable and they also were generally weak and had low explanatory power. These results were consistent across the three specificity measures and levels of organization, suggesting that there might be an interplay between different mechanisms driving the interactions between plants and frugivores across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ten Caten
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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5
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Glenny WR, Runyon JB, Burkle LA. Bumble bee diet breadth increases with local abundance and phenophase duration, not intraspecific variation in body size. Oecologia 2024; 205:149-162. [PMID: 38796612 PMCID: PMC11144151 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Patterns of abundance across space and time, and intraspecific variation in body size, are two species attributes known to influence diet breadth and the structure of interaction networks. Yet, the relative influence of these attributes on diet breadth is often assumed to be equal among taxonomic groups, and the relationship between intraspecific variation in body size on interaction patterns is frequently neglected. We observed bee-flower interactions in multiple locations across Montana, USA, for two growing seasons and measured spatial and temporal patterns of abundance, along with interspecific and intraspecific variation in body size for prevalent species. We predicted that the association between spatial and temporal patterns of abundance and intraspecific variation in body size, and diet breadth, would be stronger for bumble bee compared to non-bumble bee species, because species with flexible diets and long activity periods can interact with more food items. Bumble bees had higher local abundance, occurred in many local communities, more intraspecific variation in body size, and longer phenophases compared to non-bumble bee species, but only local abundance and phenophase duration had a stronger positive association with the diet breadth of bumble bee compared to non-bumble bee species. Communities with a higher proportion of bumble bees also had higher intraspecific variation in body size at the network-level, and network-level intraspecific variation in body size was positively correlated with diet generalization. Our findings highlight that the association between species attributes and diet breadth changes depending on the taxonomic group, with implications for the structure of interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will R Glenny
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - Justin B Runyon
- US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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6
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Liu J, Zheng C, Duan Y. New comparative genomic evidence supporting the proteomic diversification role of A-to-I RNA editing in insects. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:46. [PMID: 38642133 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, resembling A-to-G mutation, confers adaptiveness by increasing proteomic diversity in a temporal-spatial manner. This evolutionary theory named "proteomic diversifying hypothesis" has only partially been tested in very few organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, mainly by observing the positive selection on nonsynonymous editing events. To find additional genome-wide evidences supporting this interesting assumption, we retrieved the genomes of four Drosophila species and collected 20 deep-sequenced transcriptomes of different developmental stages and neuron populations of D. melanogaster. We systematically profiled the RNA editomes in these samples and performed meticulous comparative genomic analyses. Further evidences were found to support the diversifying hypothesis. (1) None of the nonsynonymous editing sites in D. melanogaster had ancestral G-alleles, while the silent editing sites had an unignorable fraction of ancestral G-alleles; (2) Only very few nonsynonymous editing sites in D. melanogaster had corresponding G-alleles derived in the genomes of sibling species, and the fraction of such situation was significantly lower than that of silent editing sites; (3) The few nonsynonymous editing with corresponding G-alleles had significantly more variable editing levels (across samples) than other nonsynonymous editing sites in D. melanogaster. The proteomic diversifying nature of RNA editing in Drosophila excludes the restorative role which favors an ancestral G-allele. The few fixed G-alleles in sibling species might facilitate the adaptation to particular environment and the corresponding nonsynonymous editing in D. melanogaster would introduce stronger advantage of flexible proteomic diversification. With multi-Omics data, our study consolidates the nature of evolutionary significance of A-to-I RNA editing sites in model insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caiqing Zheng
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuange Duan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yan G, Li D, Wang G, Wu L. Diet Affects the Temperature-Size Relationship in the Blowfly Aldrichina grahami. INSECTS 2024; 15:246. [PMID: 38667376 PMCID: PMC11049999 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In warmer environments, most ectotherms exhibit a plastic reduction in body size (the temperature-size rule, TSR). However, in such environments, growth is usually accelerated and would be expected to result in maturation at a larger body size, leading to increases in fecundity, survival, and mating success, compared to maturation at a smaller size (the 'life-history puzzle'). To explore these mechanisms, we reared Aldrichina grahami at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, and added a nutritional challenge by using dilutions of pork liver paste to provide diets that ranged in quality from high (undiluted) to moderate (1/8), low (1/16), and poor (1/24). Larvae were randomly sampled for weighing from hatching. Growth curves were fitted to the relationships between growth rate and weight for the third instar larvae. Our results showed that body size was affected by an interaction between temperature and diet, and that following or not following the TSR can vary depending on underfeeding. Moreover, when the TSR was followed as temperature increased, there was a cross-over point that divided the two growth curves into early and later stages, which could be used to help understand the life-history puzzle in warmer temperatures, with the instantaneous growth rate being faster in the early stages of development and then slower in later stages. This study reminds us that animals have evolved to cope with multiple simultaneous environmental changes, and it has thus offered a better understanding of life-history puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Yan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (G.Y.)
| | - Dandan Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (G.Y.)
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Shangqiu Station of National Field Agro-Ecosystem Experimental Network, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Lingbing Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Renmin Road 58, Haikou 570228, China
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Oskyrko O, Mi C, Meiri S, Du W. ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Sci Data 2024; 11:243. [PMID: 38413613 PMCID: PMC10899194 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Trait datasets are increasingly being used in studies investigating eco-evolutionary theory and global conservation initiatives. Reptiles are emerging as a key group for studying these questions because their traits are crucial for understanding the ability of animals to cope with environmental changes and their contributions to ecosystem processes. We collected data from earlier databases, and the primary literature to create an up-to-date dataset of reptilian traits, encompassing 40 traits from 12060 species of reptiles (Archelosauria: Crocodylia and Testudines, Rhynchocephalia, and Squamata: Amphisbaenia, Sauria, and Serpentes). The data were gathered from 1288 sources published between 1820 and 2023. The dataset includes morphological, physiological, behavioral, and life history traits, as well as information on the availability of genetic data, IUCN Red List assessments, and population trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Oskyrko
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunrong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology & the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Weiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Lye PY, Shiraki C, Fukushima Y, Takaki K, Liew MWO, Yamamoto M, Wakabayashi K, Mori H, Kotani E. Cytotoxin-mediated silk gland organ dysfunction diverts resources to enhance silkworm fecundity by potentiating nutrient-sensing IIS/TOR pathways. iScience 2024; 27:108853. [PMID: 38303707 PMCID: PMC10830876 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy reserves, primarily stored in the insect's fat body, are essential for physiological processes such as reproduction and cocoon formation. However, whether these processes are mutually constraining is unknown. Here, we showed that cocoon-free silkworms accumulate amino acid constituents of silk proteins in the hemolymph and maintain lipid and sugar reserves in the pupal fat body by repressing the expression of sericin and fibroin genes in the middle and posterior silk glands, respectively, via butterfly pierisin-1A catalytic domain expression. This, in turn, upregulates insulin/insulin-like signaling and target of rapamycin (IIS/TOR) signaling, which enhances vitellogenesis and accelerates ovarian development, thus contributing to increased fecundity. The impacts of semi-starvation on fecundity and egg hatchability were also less pronounced in cocoon-free silkworms compared with wildtype silkworms. These data uncover the resource allocation trade-off between cocoon formation and fecundity and demonstrate that nutritional signaling plays a role in regulating silkworm reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ying Lye
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Chika Shiraki
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuta Fukushima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Keiko Takaki
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mervyn Wing On Liew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hajime Mori
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Eiji Kotani
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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10
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Groot AT, Blankers T, Halfwerk W, Burdfield Steel E. The Evolutionary Importance of Intraspecific Variation in Sexual Communication Across Sensory Modalities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:21-40. [PMID: 37562048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-030223-111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of sexual communication is critically important in the diversity of arthropods, which are declining at a fast pace worldwide. Their environments are rapidly changing, with increasing chemical, acoustic, and light pollution. To predict how arthropod species will respond to changing climates, habitats, and communities, we need to understand how sexual communication systems can evolve. In the past decades, intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across different modalities has been identified, but never in a comparative way. In this review, we identify and compare the level and extent of intraspecific variation in sexual signals and responses across three different modalities, chemical, acoustic, and visual, focusing mostly on insects. By comparing causes and possible consequences of intraspecific variation in sexual communication among these modalities, we identify shared and unique patterns, as well as knowledge needed to predict the evolution of sexual communication systems in arthropods in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Thomas Blankers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), VU Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Emily Burdfield Steel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; , ,
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11
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Zhao X, Liu JX, Charles-Dominique T, Campos-Arceiz A, Dong B, Yan L, O'Hanlon JC, Zeng Y, Chen Z. Petal-shaped femoral lobes facilitate gliding in orchid mantises. Curr Biol 2024; 34:183-189.e4. [PMID: 38035884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
To glide in forest canopies, arboreal vertebrates evolved various skin-derived aerodynamic structures, such as patagial membranes or webbing, but no comparable structure has been reported from wingless arboreal arthropods.1,2,3 Orchid mantises (Hymenopus coronatus) have been traditionally considered a textbook example of flower mimicry for ∼200 years due to their highly expanded, petal-shaped femoral lobes. However, the empirical evidence substantiating the petal-mimicry function of the femoral lobes has not been entirely conclusive.4,5,6 Observational and experimental evidence suggests that these lobes do not contribute to flower mimicry for luring pollinators6,7 and likely serve other functions.7,8 After observing their aerial escape initiated with active jumping, we hypothesized that orchid mantises can glide and that their femoral lobes are used for gliding. Through behavioral investigations and morphological analyses, we show that orchid mantis nymphs are excellent gliders, exhibiting the shallowest gliding trajectories observed in terrestrial invertebrates.9,10,11,12,13 The lobe extensions on their femoral segments are cambered airfoils, which increase the mantis projected area by ∼36% and play a vital role in the aerodynamic underpinning of the observed gliding. Despite a 165-fold increase in body mass throughout ontogeny, older female mantis nymphs maintained a persistent gliding capability. We further showed a notable 40%-56% reduction in wing loading attributed to the positive size allometry of these lobes, indicating a clear promotion of gliding throughout ontogeny. This is the first documentation of gliding-adapted "leg wings" in a wingless arthropod. The evolution of such structures is potentially common among arboreal arthropods and demands a systematic re-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- CNRS UMR5120, UMR AMAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier 34980, France; CNRS UMR7618, Sorbonne University, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Bing Dong
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | | | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Zhanqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China.
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12
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Wang K, Xu M, Zhao L. Plasticity of Life-History Traits and Adult Fitness of Fall Webworm in Relation to Climate Change. INSECTS 2024; 15:24. [PMID: 38249031 PMCID: PMC10816995 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor influencing the life-history traits of ectotherms. This study investigated the effects of larval-rearing temperature (21, 23, 25, and 27 °C) on the life-history traits and adult fitness of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, an economically important invasive pest of China. With the increase in temperature during the larval stage, the larval developmental duration was significantly shortened, and the body mass was significantly increased, as was that of the body mass and size of pupae. The carbohydrate and lipid content of pupae significantly decreased with increasing larval-rearing temperature, whereas the protein content significantly increased. Adult body size and egg production increased significantly with increasing larval-rearing temperature, whereas there was no significant difference in egg diameter. These results indicate that H. cunea demonstrates life-history traits plasticity. In addition, the increase in fecundity would maintain a stable population size of H. cunea under higher temperatures. Such characteristics could enable H. cunea to spread to the more southern, warmer areas of China, posing an increased risk to the forestry industry in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lvquan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (K.W.); (M.X.)
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13
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Erlenbach T, Haynes L, Fish O, Beveridge J, Giambrone S, Reed LK, Dyer KA, Scott Chialvo CH. Investigating the phylogenetic history of toxin tolerance in mushroom-feeding Drosophila. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10736. [PMID: 38099137 PMCID: PMC10719611 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how and when key novel adaptations evolved is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Within the immigrans-tripunctata radiation of Drosophila, many mushroom-feeding species are tolerant of host toxins, such as cyclopeptides, that are lethal to nearly all other eukaryotes. In this study, we used phylogenetic and functional approaches to investigate the evolution of cyclopeptide tolerance in the immigrans-tripunctata radiation of Drosophila. First, we inferred the evolutionary relationships among 48 species in this radiation using 978 single copy orthologs. Our results resolved previous incongruities within species groups across the phylogeny. Second, we expanded on previous studies of toxin tolerance by assaying 16 of these species for tolerance to α-amanitin and found that six of them could develop on diet with toxin. Finally, we asked how α-amanitin tolerance might have evolved across the immigrans-tripunctata radiation, and inferred that toxin tolerance was ancestral in mushroom-feeding Drosophila and subsequently lost multiple times. Our findings expand our understanding of toxin tolerance across the immigrans-tripunctata radiation and emphasize the uniqueness of toxin tolerance in this adaptive radiation and the complexity of biochemical adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Haynes
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Olivia Fish
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Jordan Beveridge
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | | | - Laura K. Reed
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Kelly A. Dyer
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Clare H. Scott Chialvo
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
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14
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Vangansbeke D, Van Doren E, Duarte MVA, Pijnakker J, Wäckers F, De Clercq P. Why are phytoseiid predatory mites not effectively controlling Echinothrips americanus? EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s10493-023-00803-5. [PMID: 37285108 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a key pest of various ornamental and vegetable greenhouse crops. As current biological control alternatives lack efficiency, applying chemicals remains the dominant control strategy, thereby heavily disturbing the biocontrol-based integrated management of other pests. For a range of other thrips pests, phytoseiid predatory mites have shown to be effective biocontrol agents, being able to overcome the thrips' physical and chemical defense armory. Here, we investigated potential underlying causes for the lack of phytoseiid efficacy in controlling E. americanus. First, we assessed the nutritional value of E. americanus for the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman and McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when its physical or chemical defenses were eliminated by freezing the thrips. The phytoseiid could complete its immature development when frozen thrips instars were offered, but not when these were offered alive. Subsequently, we tested whether adult female A. limonicus had a higher predation rate on first instar E. americanus when they had been given experience with either live or frozen E. americanus during their immature development (i.e., conditioning). Conditioning significantly increased the predation capacity of the phytoseiid. Finally, we tested the control potential of conditioned A. limonicus versus naïve ones when exposed to E. americanus on sweet pepper plants. In contrast to the laboratory trials, at the plant level, conditioning did not yield better control. Possible factors explaining insufficient control of E. americanus by phytoseiids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Vangansbeke
- Biobest N.V, Ilse Velden 18, Westerlo, B-2260, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Emilie Van Doren
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest N.V, Ilse Velden 18, Westerlo, B-2260, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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15
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Shelomi M, Meiri S. A practical guide to collections-based research on ecogeographic rules. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10211. [PMID: 37332523 PMCID: PMC10276348 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecogeographic research into how species' forms vary across space, time, and climate has taken on new urgency due to contemporary global climate change. Research using museum specimens and other records to study biological rules like Bergmann's, Allen's, and Gloger's Rules has a long history and continues to generate publications and robust scientific debates. Despite the prevalence and history of the field, however, no simple guide on how to carry out such work has ever been published. To lower the barriers of entry for new researchers, this review was created as a practical guide on how to perform ecogeographic research. The guide consolidates disparately published methodologies into a single, convenient document that reviews the history and present of the field of ecogeographic rule research, and describes how to generate appropriate hypotheses, design experiments, gather, and analyze biotic and geographic data, and interpret the results in an ecologically meaningful manner. The result is a semi-standardized guide that enables scientists at all levels from any institution to carry out an investigation from start to finish on any biological rule, taxon, and location of their choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Shelomi
- Department of EntomologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology & The Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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16
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Armas F, Favila ME, González-Tokman D, Salomão RP, Baena-Díaz F. Experimental Crosses Between Two Dung Beetle Lineages Show Transgressive Segregation in Physiological Traits. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:442-451. [PMID: 36897325 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Physiological traits in insects are intrinsically related to their behavior, fitness, and survival and can reflect adaptations to ecological stressors in different environments, leading to population differentiation that may cause hybrid failure. In this study, we characterized five physiological traits related to body condition (body size, body mass, amount of fat, total hemolymph protein, and phenoloxidase activity) in two geographically separated and recently differentiated lineages of Canthon cyanellus LeConte, 1859 within their natural distribution in Mexico. We also performed experimental hybrid crosses between these lineages to better understand the differentiation process and explore the presence of transgressive segregation over physiological traits in them. We found differences between lineages in all traits except body mass, suggesting selective pressures related to different ecological pressures. These differences were also apparent in the transgressive segregation of all traits in F1 and F2 hybrids, except for phenoloxidase activity. Protein content was sexually dimorphic in both parental lineages but was reversed in hybrids, suggesting a genetic basis for the differences between sexes. The negative sign of transgressive segregation for most traits indicates that hybrids would be smaller, thinner, and generally unfit. Our results suggest that these two lineages may undergo postzygotic reproductive isolation, confirming the cryptic diversity of this species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Armas
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México
| | - Mario E Favila
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México.
| | | | - Renato P Salomão
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
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17
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Shah S, Ilyas M, Li R, Yang J, Yang FL. Microplastics and Nanoplastics Effects on Plant-Pollinator Interaction and Pollination Biology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6415-6424. [PMID: 37068375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) contamination is an emerging environmental and public health concern, and these particles have been reported both in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the adverse effects of MNPs pollution on human, terrestrial, and aquatic animals, insects, and plants. In this perspective, we describe the adverse effects of MNPs particles on pollinator and plant health and discuss the mechanisms by which MNPs disrupt the pollination process. We discuss the evidence and integrate transcriptome studies to investigate the negative effects of MNPs on the molecular biology of pollination, which may cause delay or inhibit the pollination services. We conclude by addressing challenges to plant-pollinator health from MNPs pollution and argue that such harmful effects disrupt the communication between plant and pollinator for a successful pollination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666316 Menglun, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100045 Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666316 Menglun, China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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18
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Siddiqui A, Mishra G. Allocation of food resource by experimentally evolved lines of developmental variants of Propylea dissecta: a food exploitation strategy. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:212-219. [PMID: 36258273 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of selection on developmental variants have not yet been rigorously investigated on variable prey quantities. We investigated the food exploitation strategy of first (F1) and fifteenth (F15) generation slow and fast developers of Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) in the presence of scarce and abundant quantities of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and its effect on adult body mass and reproductive attributes. Both selected slow developers and selected fast developers were higher in number than their counter unselected generation on scarce and abundant diets, respectively. Immature survivals of selected slow developers were depressed after the selection process while it was enhanced for selected fast developers on both diet regimes. On both diets, the total developmental duration was longer for selected slow developers and shorter for selected fast developers. Fecundity and percent egg viability were greater in selected fast developers with plentiful prey supply and lower in control slow developers with inadequate prey supply. More adult body mass was found for pre-selected slow developers than selected slow developers on a scarce diet but selected fast developers enhanced their body weight than unselected individuals of fast developers on an abundant diet. The present experimental evolution findings point to the presence and persistence of developmental variations with variability in their developmental and reproductive traits on allocating scarce and abundant prey supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Siddiqui
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Dasauli Kursi road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
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19
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Szlachcic E, Labecka AM, Privalova V, Sikorska A, Czarnoleski M. Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220611. [PMID: 36946132 PMCID: PMC10031402 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast differences in cellularity, involving changes in the molecular pathways controlling the cell cycle. The extent to which the signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout the body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally to match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food with and without rapamycin to manipulate the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways and evaluate cell-size changes in five types of adult cells: wing and leg epidermal cells, ommatidial cells, indirect flight muscle cells and Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing cell growth, but this effect has been studied in single cell types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies and consistently smaller cells in all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed with larger bodies and larger cells in all tissues than males. Thus, differences in TOR activity and sex were associated with the orchestration of cell size throughout the body, leading to differences in body size. We postulate that the activity of TOR/insulin pathways and their effects on cellularity should be considered when investigating the origin of ecological and evolutionary patterns in life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szlachcic
- Life History Evolution Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Labecka
- Life History Evolution Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Valeriya Privalova
- Life History Evolution Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Sikorska
- Life History Evolution Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Czarnoleski
- Life History Evolution Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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20
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Jarčuška B, Krištín A, Kaňuch P. Body size traits in the flightless bush-cricket are plastic rather than locally adapted along an elevational gradient. Evol Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-023-10231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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21
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Cost of defensive spraying by larval Osmylus hyalinatus (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) for post-larval development. J ETHOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-023-00779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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22
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Espel D, Coux C, Pertierra LR, Eymar-Dauphin P, Lembrechts JJ, Renault D. Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient. INSECTS 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 36835692 PMCID: PMC9967798 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Espel
- CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Camille Coux
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Luis R. Pertierra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Pauline Eymar-Dauphin
- CNRS, LEHNA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés), UMR 5023, University of Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - David Renault
- CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
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23
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Kang N, Hu H, Huang Z, Luo S, Guo S. Environmental Factors Drive Chalcid Body Size Increases with Altitudinal Gradients for Two Hyper-Diverse Taxa. INSECTS 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 36661995 PMCID: PMC9865982 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Body size is the most essential feature that significantly correlates with insects' longevity, fecundity, metabolic rate, and sex ratio. Numerous biogeographical rules have been proposed to illustrate the correlation between the body sizes of different taxa and corresponding geographical or environmental factors. Whether the minute and multifarious chalcids exhibit a similar geographical pattern is still little known. In this research, we analyzed morphological data from 2953 specimens worldwide, including the two most abundant and diverse taxa (Pteromalidae and Eulophidae), which are both composed of field-collected and BOLD system specimens. We examined forewing length as a surrogate of body size and analyzed the average size separately for males and females using two methods (species and assemblage-based method). To verify Bergmann's rule, we included temperature, precipitation, wind speed and solar radiation as explanatory variables in a generalized linear model to analyze the causes of the size variation. We found that there was an increasing trend in the body size of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae with altitude. The optimal Akaike information criterion (AIC) models showed that larger sizes are significantly negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation, and the possible reasons for this variation are discussed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zengqian Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shungang Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
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24
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Andreatta G, Montagnese S, Costa R. Natural alleles of the clock gene timeless differentially affect life-history traits in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1092951. [PMID: 36703932 PMCID: PMC9871817 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks orchestrate a variety of physiological and behavioural functions within the 24-h day. These timekeeping systems have also been implicated in developmental and reproductive processes that span more (or less) than 24 h. Whether natural alleles of cardinal clock genes affect entire sets of life-history traits (i.e., reproductive arrest, developmental time, fecundity), thus providing a wider substrate for seasonal adaptation, remains unclear. Here we show that natural alleles of the timeless (tim) gene of Drosophila melanogaster, previously shown to modulate flies' propensity to enter reproductive dormancy, differentially affect correlated traits such as early-life fecundity and developmental time. Homozygous flies expressing the shorter TIM isoform (encoded by the s-tim allele) not only show a lower dormancy incidence compared to those homozygous for ls-tim (which produce both the short and an N-terminal additional 23-residues longer TIM isoform), but also higher fecundity in the first 12 days of adult life. Moreover, s-tim homozygous flies develop faster than ls-tim homozygous flies at both warm (25°C) and cold (15°C) temperatures, with the gap being larger at 15°C. In summary, this phenotypic analysis shows that natural variants of tim affect a set of life-history traits associated with reproductive dormancy in Drosophila. We speculate that this provides further adaptive advantage in temperate regions (with seasonal changes) and propose that the underlying mechanisms might not be exclusively dependent on photoperiod, as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Andreatta
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Gabriele Andreatta, ; Rodolfo Costa,
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy,*Correspondence: Gabriele Andreatta, ; Rodolfo Costa,
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Larger insects in a colder environment? Elevational and seasonal intraspecific differences in tropical moth sizes on Mount Cameroon. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bergmann’s Rule describes an increase in the body size of endothermic animals with decreasing environmental temperatures. However, in ectothermic insects including moths, some of the few existing studies investigating size patterns along temperature gradients do not follow the Bergmann’s Cline. Intraspecific differences in moth sizes along spatiotemporal temperature gradients are unknown from the Palaeotropics, hindering general conclusions and understanding of the mechanism responsible. We measured intraspecific forewing size differences in 28 Afrotropical moth species sampled in 3 seasons along an elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon, West/Central Africa. Size increased significantly with elevation in 14 species but decreased significantly in 5 species. Additionally, we found significant inter-seasonal size differences in 21 species. Most of these variable species had longer forewings in the transition from the wet to dry season, which had caterpillars developing during the coldest part of the year. We conclude that environmental temperature affects the size of many Afrotropical moths, predominantly following prevailingly following Bergmann’s Cline. Nevertheless, the sizes of one-third of the species demonstrated a significant interaction between elevation and season. The responsible mechanisms can thus be assumed to be more complex than a simple response to ambient temperature.
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Considering the Geographic Diversity of Natural Enemy Traits in Biological Control: A Quantitative Approach Using Orius Predators as an Example. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The desirable characteristics of effective natural enemies and the causes for failure of biological control efforts have been discussed extensively in the literature, yet predicting which collection site may yield efficient natural enemies remains a challenge. Insect characteristics, such as morphology, physiology, life history and behavior, often vary across geographic cline and location. These variations may reflect phenotypic plasticity across environments, or genetically based local (demic) adaptation. Parameters such as body size, photoperiod response, thermal tolerance and genetic diversity may greatly influence the outcome of biological control efforts. Therefore, geographic variation in such characteristics may be used to optimize the collection site of efficient enemies to be employed in biological control programs. The first step towards this goal is compilation of data on the trait diversity of promising natural enemies across their geographic distribution range. For example, we used published information to compile a database on the geographic distribution of various traits of 92 Orius species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a genus known for its potential contribution to biological control in IPM systems. We discuss how the widespread distribution of this genus in different ecozones should enable the collection of species and populations that differ in various geographically dependent traits relevant to biological control. Finally, we suggest a quantitative method to optimize collection efforts of natural enemies. This approach balances the effects of several natural enemy traits that vary geographically. Lastly, we demonstrate the use of this method by evaluating the potential employment of two geographically distinct populations of O. albidipennis.
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Fu S, Huang L, He H, Tang J, Wu S, Xue F. Differentiation of Developmental Pathways Results in Different Life-History Patterns between the High and Low Latitudinal Populations in the Asian Corn Borer. INSECTS 2022; 13:1026. [PMID: 36354850 PMCID: PMC9696888 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Individual insects often exhibit two alternative pathways of non-diapausing and diapausing developments. Yet, most studies have focused on the latitudinal variation in life-history traits for non-diapausing individuals. No study has examined the differences in life history traits between non-diapausing and diapausing individuals along a latitudinal gradient. We used six different geographical populations of Ostrinia furnacalis to examine the latitudinal variation in life-history traits between non-diapausing and diapausing individuals in terms of their sex ratio, larval and pupal developmental times, pupal weight, growth rate, adult weight and weight loss, and sexual size dimorphism. The results showed that latitudinal variation in life-history traits for both non-diapausing and diapausing individuals exhibited a sawtooth pattern, but the life-history pattern of the two alternative developmental pathways was significantly different between the high and low latitudes. For the non-diapausing pathway, the high-latitudinal populations showed a significantly shorter larval developmental time, higher growth rate and greater body weight than the low-latitudinal populations, suggesting countergradient variation. Conversely, in the diapausing pathway, the high-latitudinal populations had longer larval developmental times, lower growth rates and relatively smaller body weights than the low-latitudinal populations, suggesting cogradient variation. We also found that in the high-latitudinal populations, larvae in the non-diapausing pathway had shorter developmental time and higher body weight, whereas larval developmental time of the low-latitudinal populations was longer and the body weight was smaller. The relationship between larval developmental time and pupal weight was also different between the two developmental pathways. These results provide new insights into the evolution of life-history traits in this moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, China
| | - Haimin He
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianjun Tang
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Fangsen Xue
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Benítez HA, Sukhodolskaya RA, Avtaeva TA, Escobar-Suárez S, Órdenes-Claveria R, Laroze D, Hernández-P R, Vavilov DN. Quantifying elevational effect on the geometric body shape of Russian beetle Carabus exaratus (Coleoptera: Carabidae). ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rodríguez-Gómez A, Donate A, Sánchez-Martínez I, Balanza V, Abelaira AB, Reche MDC, Bielza P. Inheritance and Biological Characterization of an Orange-nymph Mutant in Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). INSECTS 2022; 13:996. [PMID: 36354820 PMCID: PMC9699054 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A mutation showing a distinct orange color in the nymph stages was found in Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a key biological control agent in protected crops, used to control small pests, especially thrips. A laboratory strain carrying this body color mutation ambar was established. Genetic analysis determined that the mutation (ambar) was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. Some biological and ecological characteristics of this orange strain were compared to a normal population. Longevity, fecundity and fertility were similar in both populations, but immature survival, development rate, body size, starvation tolerance and predation capacity were inferior in the orange strain. The utility of the orange mutant as a visible marker for biological and ecological studies of this important biological control agent is discussed.
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Honek A, Martinkova Z. Effect of Male Body Size on Female Reproduction in Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae). INSECTS 2022; 13:902. [PMID: 36292850 PMCID: PMC9604140 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Females and males of the abundant heteropteran species Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) mate with the larger of the available partners. The male benefits from copulation with a large female, which is more productive than a small female. However, the benefit to females from copulation with a large male has not yet been investigated. Overwintered sexually immature adults were transferred from the field to indoors for a long day at 25 °C and subsequently kept as female-male pairs with different partner size ratios. The female lays eggs in several successive clutches. We investigated the influence of male size on the number and weight of eggs in individual clutches and the time elapsed from the transfer to their deposition. These characteristics of reproduction were first regressed on female size, and residuals of this regression were then regressed on male size. The positive effect of increasing male size on the characteristics of female reproduction manifested as a significant value of the latter regressions. The expected positive effect of increasing male body size on female reproductive characteristics was not detected. Several reasons for this deficiency are discussed.
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Changes in bee functional traits at community and intraspecific levels along an elevational gradient in a Mexical-type scrubland. Oecologia 2022; 200:145-158. [PMID: 36053349 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of morphological variation of organisms along climatic gradients has been a central challenge in ecological research. We studied the variation of community weighted mean (CWM) and two functional diversity metrics (Rao-Q and functional richness) computed for five morphological traits of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) related to thermal performance (namely body size, relative appendage length and hairiness), at community and interspecific levels, along an elevation gradient in a Mexical-type scrubland. At the community level we found a decreasing CWM of body size pattern with increasing elevation which is consistent with the species-energy theory (and contrary to Bergmann's rule). We also found an increase in the CWM of relative tibia length, which is contrary to Allen's rule. Additionally, we found an increase in the CWM of relative hair length towards high levels of elevation, which would be consistent with the hypothesis that hairiness plays an important role as thermal insulation. We found that functional diversity was larger at low elevations with respect to high elevation for body size and hair length, which could imply that highland communities were more sensitive towards environmental changes than lowland communities. Overall, at intraspecific level, most of species showed no pattern for any of the traits along the elevation gradient. Future research should provide further evidence on the possible behavioral or physiological mechanisms behind it.
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Tomović L, Anđelković M, Golubović A, Arsovski D, Ajtić R, Sterijovski B, Nikolić S, Crnobrnja-Isailović J, Lakušić M, Bonnet X. Dwarf vipers on a small island: body size, diet and fecundity correlates. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insular populations offer excellent opportunities to study the factors that influence phenotypes. We observed island dwarfism in a widespread snake, the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes). Island vipers were ~20% smaller than mainland individuals. They also produced fewer and smaller offspring. In snakes, food availability has a positive influence on body size, fecundity and offspring size. Consequently, low energy intake is a plausible explanation for insular dwarfism. The diet of island vipers was principally represented by lizards and centipedes, whereas the most profitable prey items (e.g. rodents) were regularly found in the stomach of mainland vipers. Furthermore, the proportion of individuals captured with a full stomach and good body condition were lower on the island compared with the mainland. Thus, island vipers were likely to be experiencing permanent energy restriction, with cascading effects on adult body size and reproductive output. Large prey promotes high relative jaw length in snakes. Island vipers displayed smaller relative jaw length compared with mainland populations, suggesting that plasticity played a role in insular dwarfism. But the difference in relative tail length between island and mainland populations, a trait not subjected to food-induced plasticity, indicates local adaptation. Both plasticity and adaptation might influence the phenotype of island vipers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Tomović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marko Anđelković
- Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade , Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ana Golubović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dragan Arsovski
- Macedonian Ecological Society , Arhimedova, Skopje , North Macedonia
| | - Rastko Ajtić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Radoja Domanovića, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | | | - Sonja Nikolić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović
- Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade , Bulevar despota Stefana, Belgrade , Serbia
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Niš , Višegradska, Niš , Serbia
| | - Margareta Lakušić
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto , Vairão , Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão , Vairão , Portugal
| | - Xavier Bonnet
- CEBC, UMR-7372, CNRS Université de La Rochelle , Villiers en Bois , France
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Lietzenmayer LB, Goldstein LM, Pasche JM, Taylor LA. Extreme natural size variation in both sexes of a sexually cannibalistic mantidfly. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220544. [PMID: 35991330 PMCID: PMC9382211 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In sexually cannibalistic animals, the relative sizes of potential mates often predict the outcome of aggressive encounters. Mantidflies are spider egg predators as larvae and generalist predators as adults. Unlike most cannibalistic species, there is considerable individual variation in body size in both sexes. Using preserved collections of Dicromantispa sayi, we focused on three body size metrics that we found to be positively correlated and accurately measured across researchers. We found extreme size variation in both sexes: the largest 10% of females were 1.72× larger than the smallest 10%, and the largest 10% of males were 1.65× larger than the smallest 10%. On average, females were 7.94% larger than males. In exploring possible causes of this variation, we uncovered differences among populations. To explore the effect of spider egg sac size on adult mantidfly size, we reared mantidfly larvae on egg sacs from two jumping spider species with small or large egg sacs. Mantidfly larvae reared on small egg sacs were smaller than those reared on large egg sacs. This study provides the groundwork to design ecologically relevant experiments exploring the causes and consequences of extreme size variation in an understudied system with intriguing natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M. Goldstein
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Josephine M. Pasche
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lisa A. Taylor
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Stöckl A, Grittner R, Taylor G, Rau C, Bodey AJ, Kelber A, Baird E. Allometric scaling of a superposition eye optimizes sensitivity and acuity in large and small hawkmoths. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220758. [PMID: 35892218 PMCID: PMC9326294 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals vary widely in body size within and across species. This has consequences for the function of organs and body parts in both large and small individuals. How these scale, in relation to body size, reveals evolutionary investment strategies, often resulting in trade-offs between functions. Eyes exemplify these trade-offs, as they are limited by their absolute size in two key performance features: sensitivity and spatial acuity. Due to their size polymorphism, insect compound eyes are ideal models for studying the allometric scaling of eye performance. Previous work on apposition compound eyes revealed that allometric scaling led to poorer spatial resolution and visual sensitivity in small individuals, across a range of insect species. Here, we used X-ray microtomography to investigate allometric scaling in superposition compound eyes-the second most common eye type in insects-for the first time. Our results reveal a novel strategy to cope with the trade-off between sensitivity and spatial acuity, as we show that the eyes of the hummingbird hawkmoth retain an optimal balance between these performance measures across all body sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stöckl
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Grittner
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gavin Taylor
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Andrew J. Bodey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Almut Kelber
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emily Baird
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pupal size as a proxy for fat content in laboratory-reared and field-collected Drosophila species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12855. [PMID: 35896578 PMCID: PMC9329298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In arthropods, larger individuals tend to have more fat reserves, but data for many taxa are still missing. For the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, only few studies have provided experimental data linking body size to fat content. This is rather surprising considering the widespread use of D. melanogaster as a model system in biology. Here, we hypothesized that fat content in D. melanogaster is positively correlated with body size. To test this, we manipulated the developmental environment of D. melanogaster by decreasing food availability. We then measured pupal size and quantified fat content of laboratory-reared D. melanogaster. We subsequently measured pupal size and fat content of several field-caught Drosophila species. Starvation, crowding, and reduced nutrient content led to smaller laboratory-reared pupae that contained less fat. Pupal size was indeed found to be positively correlated with fat content. The same correlation was found for field-caught Drosophila pupae belonging to different species. As fat reserves are often strongly linked to fitness in insects, further knowledge on the relationship between body size and fat content can provide important information for studies on insect ecology and physiology.
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Effects of experimental warming on two tropical Andean aquatic insects. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271256. [PMID: 35895667 PMCID: PMC9328556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperatures have increased around the globe, affecting many ecosystems, including high-elevation Andean streams where important aquatic insect species coexist. Depending on the magnitude of change, warming could lead to the mortality of sensitive species, and those tolerant to rising water temperatures may exhibit differences in growth rates and development. Taxon-specific optimal temperature ranges for growth determine how high or low temperatures alter an organism’s body size. In this study, we observed the effects of different climate change scenarios (following three scenarios of the 2021 IPCC predictions) in two aquatic insect species distributed in high-elevation streams in Ecuador: the mayfly Andesiops peruvianus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) and the caddisfly Anomalocosmoecus illiesi (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). We assessed how increased water temperatures affect larval growth rates and mortality during a 10-day microcosm experiment. Our results showed that Andesiops peruvianus was more thermally sensitive than Anomalocosmoecus illiesi. Mortality was higher (more than 50% of the individuals) in mayflies than in caddisflies, which presented mortality below 12% at +2.5°C and +5°C. Mortality in mayflies was related to lower dissolved oxygen levels in increased temperature chambers. Higher temperatures affected body size and dry mass with a faster growth rate of Andesiops peruvianus larvae at experimentally higher temperatures, suggesting an important response of this hemimetabolous species to stream temperatures. For Anomalocosmoecus illiesi, we did not find significant changes in mortality, body size or growth rate in response to temperature changes during our experiment. In situ outcomes of species survival and growth in Andean streams are difficult to predict. Nevertheless, our results suggest that at only +2.5°C, a water temperature increase affected the two insect taxa differentially, leading to a drastic outcome for one species’ larvae while selecting for a more tolerant species. Our study suggests that climate change might produce significant mortality and growth rate effects on ectotherm tropical aquatic insects, especially Andean mayflies, which showed higher sensitivity to increased water temperature scenarios.
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Seifert CL, Strutzenberger P, Fiedler K. Ecological specialisation and range size determine intraspecific body size variation in a speciose clade of insect herbivores. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L. Seifert
- Dept of Nature Forest Conservation, Georg‐August‐Univ. of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Konrad Fiedler
- Dept of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Univ. of Vienna Vienna Austria
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AnimalTraits - a curated animal trait database for body mass, metabolic rate and brain size. Sci Data 2022; 9:265. [PMID: 35654905 PMCID: PMC9163144 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait databases have become important resources for large-scale comparative studies in ecology and evolution. Here we introduce the AnimalTraits database, a curated database of body mass, metabolic rate and brain size, in standardised units, for terrestrial animals. The database has broad taxonomic breadth, including tetrapods, arthropods, molluscs and annelids from almost 2000 species and 1000 genera. All data recorded in the database are sourced from their original empirical publication, and the original metrics and measurements are included with each record. This allows for subsequent data transformations as required. We have included rich metadata to allow users to filter the dataset. The additional R scripts we provide will assist researchers with aggregating standardised observations into species-level trait values. Our goals are to provide this resource without restrictions, to keep the AnimalTraits database current, and to grow the number of relevant traits in the future. Measurement(s) | metabolic rate quantification • body mass • brain size | Technology Type(s) | metabolic rate measurement • body mass quantification • brain mass brain volume |
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Ballesteros AR, Tan MK, Robillard T. Phenotypic plasticity of acoustic traits in high-frequency lebinthine crickets (Orthoptera: Eneopterinae: Lebinthina). Naturwissenschaften 2022; 109:29. [PMID: 35622169 PMCID: PMC9136203 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Driven by natural and sexual selection, calling behaviours and call parameters can vary within and between individuals. Phenotypic plasticity can be influenced by environmental conditions (e.g., temperature), size, body condition, and age. Crickets have been classic model organisms for studying the evolution of acoustic communication, but previous studies have focused on field crickets, for which males call at a low frequency, while females exhibit phonotaxis. This study holistically investigated the plasticity of calling behaviours and call parameters across a temperature gradient in a species of lebinthine crickets and examined plasticity between and within individuals. These crickets exhibit a unique communication system, including males calling at a near-ultrasonic frequency while actively searching for females. Ten recording assays at different temperatures were done on males of different sizes and body conditions, half of the assays when the males first became adults and another half 1 month later. Size, body condition, and age group of male crickets, as well as the ambient temperature, had different effects on different calling behaviours (e.g., number of songs produced) and call parameters (e.g., call duration, trill syllable period), even when the acoustic traits were correlated. The crickets also exhibited acclimatisation to the experimental conditions in their calling behaviours and acoustic traits to repeated assays. We also found that calling behaviours were less repeatable than temporal call parameters (e.g., call duration, trill duration), which in turn, were less repeatable than the spectral call parameter (dominant frequency).
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Tommasi N, Pioltelli E, Biella P, Labra M, Casiraghi M, Galimberti A. Effect of urbanization and its environmental stressors on the intraspecific variation of flight functional traits in two bumblebee species. Oecologia 2022; 199:289-299. [PMID: 35575832 PMCID: PMC9225972 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The way urbanization shapes the intraspecific variation of pollinator functional traits is little understood. However, this topic is relevant for investigating ecosystem services and pollinator health. Here, we studied how urbanization affects the functional traits of workers in two bumblebee species (Bombus terrestris and B. pascuorum) sampled in 37 sites along a gradient of urbanization in North Italy (an area of 1800 km2 including the metropolitan context of Milan and other surrounding capital districts). Namely, we investigated the effect of land use composition, configuration, air temperature, flower resource abundance, and air pollutants on the variation of traits related to flight performance and of stress during insect development (i.e., wing size, wing shape and size fluctuating asymmetry). The functional traits of the two bumblebees responded idiosyncratically to urbanization. Urban temperatures were associated with smaller wing sizes in B. pascuorum and with more accentuated fluctuating asymmetry of wing size in B. terrestris. Moreover, flower abundance correlated with bigger wings in B. terrestris and with less asymmetric wing size in B. pascuorum. Other traits did not vary significantly, and other urban variables played minor effects. These species-specific variation patterns highlight that environmental stressor linked to urbanization negatively impact the traits related to flight performance and development stability of these syntopic bumblebees, with possible consequences on the pollination service they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tommasi
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Pioltelli
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Biella
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INFN Sezione Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooplantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- INFN Sezione Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Khokhlova IS, van der Mescht L, Warburton EM, Stavtseva NA, Krasnov BR. Adaptation to a novel host and performance trade-off in host-generalist and host-specific insect ectoparasites. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:567-580. [PMID: 34048132 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the performance trade-offs of fleas (Siphonaptera) while adapting to a novel host using two host generalists (Xenopsylla conformis and Xenopsylla ramesis) and one host specialist (Parapulex chephrenis) maintained on their principal hosts (Meriones crassus for Xenopsylla and Acomys cahirinus for P. chephrenis). We asked whether, over generations, (i) a host generalist may become a specialist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host and losing the ability to exploit an original host and (ii) a host specialist can become a generalist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host without losing the ability to exploit an original host. We established an experimental line of each species on a novel host (Acomys russatus for Xenopsylla and M. crassus for P. chephrenis) and maintained this line on this host during 23 generations. We compared reproductive performance of progenitors of each line and their descendants when they exploited either original or novel host in terms of egg number and size, hatching success, offspring production, and offspring size. We found changes in performance over generations in female offspring size only. Xenopsylla conformis demonstrated a tendency to become a host specialist (increased performance on the novel host with a concomitant decreased performance on the original host), whereas P. chephrenis demonstrated a tendency to become a host generalist (increased performance on the novel host without a concomitant decreased performance on the original host). We conclude that the probability of generalist to specialist transition, and vice versa, is context-dependent and varies between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Khokhlova
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Luther van der Mescht
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Present affiliation and address of Luther van der Mescht: Clinvet International, Uitzich Road, Bainsvlei, 9338 Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth M Warburton
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Present affiliation and address of Elizabeth M. Warburton: Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 203 D.W. Brooks Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nadezhda A Stavtseva
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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42
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Häner N, Amiresmaeili N, Stähli N, Romeis J, Collatz J. Overwintering of two pupal parasitoids of Drosophila under natural conditions. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effect of the Amount of Ephestia kuehniella Eggs for Rearing on Development, Survival, and Reproduction of Orius laevigatus. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030250. [PMID: 35323549 PMCID: PMC8949543 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Orius laevigatus is a key tool for the success of augmentative biological control programs in protected crops. This biological control agent is mass-reared feeding on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella. However, this factitious prey is expensive, accounting for a significant percentage of the rearing costs. Therefore, there is a need to optimize the amount of Ephestia eggs needed per individual leading to a cost reduction, which in turn will favor biological control adoption. This study investigated the effect of the amount of Ephestia eggs provided on the developmental and reproductive fitness of O. laevigatus. At least a daily supply of 1 and 3 Ephestia eggs was needed for optimal development of the first two nymphal instars, respectively, although for maximum survival, 1 egg was enough for both instars. For subsequent development until adulthood, a minimum of 8 eggs per day were needed to fully support growth, but only 3 eggs for optimal survival. Similarly, male body size was also maximized by feeding 8 eggs, but for maximum female body size 10 eggs per day were required. Oviposition rate of females increased with the daily number of Ephestia eggs provided, until a plateau was reached at 8 eggs/day. Benefits and savings for industrial production of O. laevigatus are discussed.
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Martoni F, Piper AM, Rodoni BC, Blacket MJ. Disentangling bias for non-destructive insect metabarcoding. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12981. [PMID: 35228909 PMCID: PMC8881911 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A fast and reliable method for obtaining a species-level identification is a fundamental requirement for a wide range of activities, from plant protection and invasive species management to biodiversity assessments and ecological studies. For insects, novel molecular techniques such as DNA metabarcoding have emerged as a rapid alternative to traditional morphological identification, reducing the dependence on limited taxonomic experts. Until recently, molecular techniques have required a destructive DNA extraction, precluding the possibility of preserving voucher specimens for future studies, or species descriptions. Here we paired insect metabarcoding with two recent non-destructive DNA extraction protocols, to obtain a rapid and high-throughput taxonomic identification of diverse insect taxa while retaining a physical voucher specimen. The aim of this work was to explore how non-destructive extraction protocols impact the semi-quantitative nature of metabarcoding, which alongside species presence/absence also provides a quantitative, but biased, representation of their relative abundances. By using a series of mock communities representing each stage of a typical metabarcoding workflow we were able to determine how different morphological (i.e., insect biomass and exoskeleton hardness) and molecular traits (i.e., primer mismatch and amplicon GC%), interact with different protocol steps to introduce quantitative bias into non-destructive metabarcoding results. We discuss the relevance of taxonomic bias to metabarcoding identification of insects and potential approaches to account for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martoni
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, State Government Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander M. Piper
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, State Government Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan C. Rodoni
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, State Government Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J. Blacket
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, State Government Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Rasekh A, Shahbazi-Gahrouhi MR, Michaud JP. The transgenerational consequences of maternal parasitism for aphid life history and suitability for subsequent parasitism. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:51-57. [PMID: 34247659 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aphids parasitized in later instars can give birth to several nymphs before their reproduction is curtailed by the developing parasitoid. We examined the life histories of Aphis fabae Scopoli born to mothers parasitized by Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, and their suitability as subsequent hosts, to test the 'fecundity compensation' hypothesis. Maternal parasitism negatively impacted life history parameters, resulting in reduced estimates of population increase (rm, R0, and λ), and increased generation time (GT) and doubling time (DT). These impacts were greater when the larva developing in the mother turned out to be female rather than male, and greater still when mothers were superparasitized. Maternal parasitism produced aphids with shorter hind tibia (HTL), at birth and at maturity, but their developmental time was unaffected. Although female L. fabarum readily accepted such aphids for oviposition, rates of mummification and wasp emergence were lower, and more so when the maternal parasitoid was female. The resulting parasitoids took longer to develop than progeny from control wasps, had shorter HTLs, lower egg loads, smaller eggs, and produced fewer mummies with lower rates of adult emergence, all differences that were more pronounced when the maternal parasitoid was female. The progeny of these wasps exhibited similar impairments to these biological parameters as their parents, demonstrating that the negative impacts of development in maternally parasitized hosts extended for at least two generations. Thus, our results do not support fecundity compensation, but suggest that any benefits of post-parasitism reproduction will be offset by reduced fitness in both aphid progeny and the parasitoids that develop in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rasekh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M R Shahbazi-Gahrouhi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS67601, USA
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Machida WS, Tidon R, Klaczko J. Wing plastic response to temperature variation in two distantly related Neotropical Drosophila species (Diptera, Drosophilidae). CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been described for morphological and life-history traits in many organisms. In Drosophila, temperature drives phenotypic change in several traits, but few Neotropical species have been studied and whether the phenotypic variation associated with plasticity is adaptive remains unclear. Here, we studied the phenotypic response to temperature variation in the distantly related Neotropical species Drosophila mercatorum Patterson and Wheeler, 1942 and Drosophila willistoni Sturtevant, 1916. We evaluate if wing shape variation follows that observed in the Neotropical species Drosophila cardini Sturtevant, 1916: round wings at lower temperatures and narrower wings at higher temperatures. The variation in egg–adult development time and in wing size, shape, and allometry was described using reaction norms and geometric morphometrics. In both species, development time and wing size decreased with increasing temperature and wing allometry showed that size explained ≈10% of the shape variation. Wing shape, however, exhibited contrasting responses. At higher temperatures, D. mercatorum developed slightly slender wings, following the pattern previously found for D. cardini, whereas D. willistoni developed plumper and shorter wings, supporting previous studies on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830. We conclude that all traits studied here were influenced by temperature, and that wing shape seems also to be influenced by phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waira S. Machida
- Graduate Program on Ecology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Rosana Tidon
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Julia Klaczko
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Hu J, Pentinsaari M, Hebert PD. Measuring mass: variation among 3,161 species of Canadian Coleoptera and the prospects of a mass registry for all insects. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12799. [PMID: 35116199 PMCID: PMC8785658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although biomass values are critical for diverse ecological and evolutionary analyses, they are unavailable for most insect species. Museum specimens have the potential to address this gap, but the variation introduced by sampling and preservation methods is uncertain. This study quantifies species-level variation in the body mass of Canadian Coleoptera based on the analysis of 3,744 specimens representing 3,161 Barcode Index Number (BIN) clusters. Employing the BIN system as a proxy for species allows the inclusion of groups where the taxonomic impediment prevents the assignment of specimens to a Linnaean species. By validating the reproducibility of measurements and evaluating the error introduced by operational complexities such as curatorial practice and the loss of body parts, this study demonstrates that museum specimens can speed the assembly of a mass registry. The results further indicate that congeneric species of Coleoptera generally have limited variation in mass, so a genus-level identification allows prediction of the body mass of species that have not been weighed or measured. Building on the present results, the construction of a mass registry for all insects is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchan Hu
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikko Pentinsaari
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D.N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Sukhodolskaya RA, Vavilov DN, Gordienko TA, Mukhametnabiev TR. Variability of the Community Structure and Morphometric Parameters of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) under an Anthropogenic Impact Gradient. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Luzyanin S, Saveliev A, Ukhova N, Vorobyova I, Solodovnikov I, Anciferov A, Shagidullin R, Teofilova T, Nogovitsyna S, Brygadyrenko V, Alexanov V, Sukhodolskaya R. Modeling Sexual Differences of Body Size Variation in Ground Beetles in Geographical Gradients: A Case Study of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010112. [PMID: 35054505 PMCID: PMC8781924 DOI: 10.3390/life12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the steepness of body size variation in males and females in the widespread ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius in geographical gradients. Beetles were sampled in 15 regions of Europe and Asia, and sampling territories differed 17° in latitude and 121° in longitude. We measured six linear traits in every captured beetle and formed a data set that included 2154 individuals. Body size variation in all traits in general was sawtooth, both in latitude and in longitude gradients. Regression analysis showed slight trends: in the latitude gradient, elytra parameters increased, pronotum length did not change but the width increased, and head parameters decreased. In the longitude gradient, the changes were as follows: elytra length increased, but its width did not change; pronotum length did not change, but its width increased; the head parameters decreased. Thus, we observed the elytra length increase and the head parameters decrease northwards and eastwards. We compared female and male regression curves (trait size on latitude/longitude): p-levels were significant only in four cases out of 12. Thus, we conclude that, in general, there is no evidence for the steepness in trait variation in males compared with females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Luzyanin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Anatoly Saveliev
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia;
| | | | - Iraida Vorobyova
- Department of Biology, Mariy State University, 424000 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia;
| | - Igor Solodovnikov
- Department of Zoology and Botany, Vitebsk State University Named after P. M. Masherov, 210038 Vitebsk, Belarus;
| | | | - Rifgat Shagidullin
- Institute of Ecology and Mineral Resource Management, Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan Republic, Tatarstan, 420000 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Teodora Teofilova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Sargylana Nogovitsyna
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 677980 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Viktor Brygadyrenko
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, 49600 Dnipro, Ukraine;
| | - Viktor Alexanov
- State Budgetary Institution of Kaluga Region “Parks Directorate”, 248000 Kaluga, Russia;
| | - Raisa Sukhodolskaya
- Institute of Ecology and Mineral Resource Management, Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan Republic, Tatarstan, 420000 Kazan, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9503152619
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Global Size Pattern in a Group of Important Ecological Indicators (Diptera, Chironomidae) Is Driven by Latitudinal Temperature Gradients. INSECTS 2021; 13:insects13010034. [PMID: 35055877 PMCID: PMC8781536 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The size of animals is a result of the complex interactions between the evolution of a group, the environment in which the animal lives, and its physiology. It has been known for a long time that warm-blooded animals (such as birds or mammals) become larger in colder climates. This phenomenon is called “Bergmann’s rule”, and it is caused by the necessity of the animals to produce and preserve their heat in colder climates. This is easier for larger animals, as they have a lower ratio of body surface area to body volume. In cold-blooded animals, such as insects, similar patterns have been found in some cases, but their origin is less clear. In this paper, we show a strong negative relationship between size and temperature in a large group of aquatic insects (non-biting midges). We found that wings of non-biting midges are shorter by 32.4 µm for every 1 °C of mean annual temperature increase. This finding is important for use of non-biting midges in monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and tracking global climate change. Abstract Size is one of the most outwardly obvious characteristics of animals, determined by multiple phylogenetic and environmental variables. Numerous hypotheses have been suggested to explain the relationship between the body size of animals and their geographic latitude. Bergmann’s Rule, describing a positive relationship between the body size of endothermic animals and their geographic latitude, is especially well known. Whether or not insects exhibit a similar pattern has long been a subject for debate. We hypothesize that latitudinal size gradients are coupled to temperature variation affecting the metabolic rate of these merolimnic insects. We showcase a strong latitudinal size gradient in non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae), based on the examination of 4309 specimens of these midges from around the world. Although phylogenetic position was a key predictor of wing length, we also found that wing length decreases by 32.4 µm per every 1 °C of mean annual temperature increase. This pattern was found across different taxa and could be detected in 20 of 24 genera studied. We discuss the reasons for this pattern origin and its palaeoecological implications.
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