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Utsunomiya N, Katsube M, Yamaguchi Y, Kumakiri M, Morimoto N, Yamada S. Sella turcica and facial bones: Morphological integration in the human fetal cranium. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:938-949. [PMID: 39049695 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cranial base plays a significant role in facial growth, and closer analyses of the morphological relationship between these two regions are needed to understand the morphogenesis of the face. Here, we aimed to study morphological integration between the sella turcica (ST) and facial bones during the fetal period using geometric morphometrics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance images of 47 human fetuses in the Kyoto Collection, with crown-rump lengths of 29.8-225 mm, were included in this study. Anatomical homologous landmarks and semilandmarks were registered on the facial bones and the midsagittal contour of the ST, respectively. The shape variations in the craniofacial skeleton and the ST were statistically investigated by reducing dimensionality using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, the morphological integration between the facial bones and ST was investigated using two-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis. RESULTS PCA showed that small specimens represented the concave facial profile, including the mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion. The 2B-PLS showed a strong integration (RV coefficient = 0.523, r = .79, p < .01) between the facial bones and ST. The curvature of the anterior wall of the ST was highly associated with immature facial morphology characterized by a concave profile. CONCLUSION The strong integration between the two regions suggested that the anterior ST may be associated with facial morphology. This result quantitatively confirms previous studies reporting ST deformities in facial anomalies and induces further research using postnatal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Utsunomiya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoki Katsube
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamaguchi
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Kumakiri
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Barton SA, Kent M, Hecht EE. Covariation of Skull and Brain Morphology in Domestic Dogs. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25668. [PMID: 39268838 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite their distinct embryonic origins, the skull and brain are highly integrated. Understanding the covariation between the skull and brain can shed light on anatomical, cognitive, and behavioral traits in extant and extinct species. Domestic dogs offer a unique opportunity to investigate skull-brain covariation due to their diverse skull morphologies and neural anatomy. To assess this question, we examined T2-weighted MRI studies of 62 dogs from 33 breeds, plus an additional 17 dogs of mixed or unknown breeds. Scans were opportunistically collected from a veterinary teaching hospital of dogs that were referred for neurological examination but did not have grossly observable structural brain abnormalities. As the neurocrania of dogs become broader and shorter, there is a significant decrease in the gray matter volume of the right olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, marginal gyrus, and cerebellum. On the other hand, as the neurocrania of dogs become narrower and longer, there is a significant decrease in the gray matter volume of the olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and brainstem. Selective breeding for specific skull shapes may impact canine brain anatomy and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Barton
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc Kent
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Erin E Hecht
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Parslow VR, Elmore SA, Cochran RZ, Bolon B, Mahler B, Sabio D, Lubeck BA. Histology Atlas of the Developing Mouse Respiratory System From Prenatal Day 9.0 Through Postnatal Day 30. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:153-227. [PMID: 39096105 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241252114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability around the world. Mice are commonly used as models of human respiratory disease. Phenotypic analysis of mice with spontaneous, congenital, inherited, or treatment-related respiratory tract abnormalities requires investigators to discriminate normal anatomic features of the respiratory system from those that have been altered by disease. Many publications describe individual aspects of normal respiratory tract development, primarily focusing on morphogenesis of the trachea and lung. However, a single reference providing detailed low- and high-magnification, high-resolution images of routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections depicting all major structures of the entire developing murine respiratory system does not exist. The purpose of this atlas is to correct this deficiency by establishing one concise reference of high-resolution color photomicrographs from whole-slide scans of H&E-stained tissue sections. The atlas has detailed descriptions and well-annotated images of the developing mouse upper and lower respiratory tracts emphasizing embryonic days (E) 9.0 to 18.5 and major early postnatal events. The selected images illustrate the main structures and events at key developmental stages and thus should help investigators both confirm the chronological age of mouse embryos and distinguish normal morphology as well as structural (cellular and organ) abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Z Cochran
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Beth Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Sabio
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beth A Lubeck
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Sun Q, Huang J, Tian J, Lv C, Li Y, Yu S, Liu J, Zhang J. Key Roles of Gli1 and Ihh Signaling in Craniofacial Development. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:251-261. [PMID: 38623785 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2024.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway orchestrates its influence through a dynamic interplay of Hh proteins, the cell surface receptor Ptch1, Smo, and Gli transcription factors, contributing to a myriad of developmental events. Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and Gli zinc finger transcription factor 1 (Gli1) play crucial roles in developmental regulation within the Hh signaling pathway. Ihh regulates chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and bone formation, impacting the development of cranial bones, cartilage, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Losing Ihh results in cranial bone malformation and decreased ossification and affects the formation of cranial base cartilage unions, TMJ condyles, and joint discs. Gli1 is predominantly expressed during early craniofacial development, and Gli1+ cells are identified as the primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for craniofacial bones, crucial for cell differentiation and morphogenesis. In addition, a complex mutual regulatory mechanism exists between Gli1 and Ihh, ensuring the normal function of the Hh signaling pathway by directly or indirectly regulating each other's expression levels. And the interaction between Ihh and Gli1 significantly impacts the normal development of craniofacial tissues. This review summarizes the pivotal roles of Gli1 and Ihh in the intricate landscape of mammalian craniofacial development and outlines the molecular regulatory mechanisms and intricate interactions governing the growth of bone and cartilage exhibited by Gli1 and Ihh, which provides new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for related diseases or researches of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Changhai Lv
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, Republic of China
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5
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Titova A, Nikolaev S, Bilyalov A, Filatov N, Brovkin S, Shestakov D, Khatkov I, Pismennaya E, Bondarev V, Antyuxina M, Shagimardanova E, Bodunova N, Gusev O. Extreme Tolerance of Extraocular Muscles to Diseases and Aging: Why and How? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4985. [PMID: 38732204 PMCID: PMC11084950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraocular muscles (EOMs) possess unique characteristics that set them apart from other skeletal muscles. These muscles, responsible for eye movements, exhibit remarkable resistance to various muscular dystrophies and aging, presenting a significant contrast to the vulnerability of skeletal muscles to these conditions. In this review, we delve into the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the distinct properties of EOMs. We explore their structural complexity, highlighting differences in fiber types, innervation patterns, and developmental origins. Notably, EOM fibers express a diverse array of myosin heavy-chain isoforms, retaining embryonic forms into adulthood. Moreover, their motor innervation is characterized by a high ratio of nerve fibers to muscle fibers and the presence of unique neuromuscular junctions. These features contribute to the specialized functions of EOMs, including rapid and precise eye movements. Understanding the mechanisms behind the resilience of EOMs to disease and aging may offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating muscular dystrophies and myopathies affecting other skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Titova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Filatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Brovkin
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Alahmadawy YA, Ahmed RA. Congenital ptosis with aponeurotic maldevelopment: clinical and surgical perspectives : Aponeurotic maldevelopment in congenital ptosis. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:123. [PMID: 38429587 PMCID: PMC10907453 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Levator muscle dystrophy has been commonly accused being the main pathology of congenital ptosis, nevertheless, few reports drew attention to the existence of congenital aponeurotic defects. This study aims at highlighting the detailed clinical and surgical features of aponeurotic maldevelopment together with the efficacy of simple aponeurosis repair. METHODS This is a retrospective nonrandomised study including patients with congenital ptosis who underwent levator muscle surgery throughout 4 years. Patients' records were reviewed for the preoperative clinical assessment and photographs, intraoperative recorded data, and videos as well as postoperative data and photographs. RESULTS Twenty-seven eyes of 22 patients (9.4%) out of 287 eyes were recorded to have absent levator muscle at its typical anatomical insertion site intraoperatively. The mean preoperative MRD1 was (0.44 ± 1.17 mm). The mean levator function was 8.56 ± 3.89 mm, with higher-than-normal crease position (mean value 10.07 ± 1.62 mm). 25 eyes of included cases (92.6%) showed total absence of the levator aponeurosis edge which only was revealed after cutting through the orbital septal covering of the preaponeurotic fat. CONCLUSION Congenital aponeurotic defect is an established yet under reported entity of congenital ptosis with reproducible characteristic intraoperative findings. Simple aponeurosis repair could achieve ptosis correction in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna A Alahmadawy
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rania A Ahmed
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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7
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Ollonen J, Khannoon ER, Macrì S, Vergilov V, Kuurne J, Saarikivi J, Soukainen A, Aalto IM, Werneburg I, Diaz RE, Di-Poï N. Dynamic evolutionary interplay between ontogenetic skull patterning and whole-head integration. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:536-551. [PMID: 38200368 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The arrangement and morphology of the vertebrate skull reflect functional and ecological demands, making it a highly adaptable structure. However, the fundamental developmental and macroevolutionary mechanisms leading to different vertebrate skull phenotypes remain unclear. Here we exploit the morphological diversity of squamate reptiles to assess the developmental and evolutionary patterns of skull variation and covariation in the whole head. Our geometric morphometric analysis of a complex squamate ontogenetic dataset (209 specimens, 169 embryos, 44 species), covering stages from craniofacial primordia to fully ossified bones, reveals that morphological differences between snake and lizard skulls arose gradually through changes in spatial relationships (heterotopy) followed by alterations in developmental timing or rate (heterochrony). Along with dynamic spatiotemporal changes in the integration pattern of skull bone shape and topology with surrounding brain tissues and sensory organs, we identify a relatively higher phenotypic integration of the developing snake head compared with lizards. The eye, nasal cavity and Jacobson's organ are pivotal in skull morphogenesis, highlighting the importance of sensory rearrangements in snake evolution. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the importance of early embryonic, ontogenetic and tissue interactions in shaping craniofacial evolution and ecological diversification in squamates, with implications for the nature of cranio-cerebral relations across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Ollonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eraqi R Khannoon
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Simone Macrì
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladislav Vergilov
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jaakko Kuurne
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Saarikivi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arttu Soukainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ida-Maria Aalto
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raul E Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Di-Poï
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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8
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Amano K, Okuzaki D, Kitaoka Y, Kato S, Fujiwara M, Tanaka S, Iida S. Pth1r in Neural Crest Cells Regulates Nasal Cartilage Differentiation. J Dent Res 2024; 103:308-317. [PMID: 38234039 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231221954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCC) arise from the dorsal margin of the neural plate border and comprise a unique cell population that migrates to and creates the craniofacial region. Although factors including Shh, Fgf8, and bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to regulate these biological events, the role of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (Pth1r) has been less studied. We generated an NCC-specific mouse model for Pth1r and researched gene expression, function, and interaction focusing on nasal cartilage framework and midfacial development. Wnt1-Cre;Pth1rfl/fl;Tomatofl/+ mice had perinatal lethality, but we observed short snout and jaws, tongue protrusion, reduced NCC-derived cranial length, increased mineralization in nasal septum and hyoid bones, and less bone mineralization at interfrontal suture in mutants at E18.5. Importantly, the mutant nasal septum and turbinate cartilage histologically revealed gradual, premature accelerated hypertrophic differentiation. We then studied the underlying molecular mechanisms by performing RNA seq analysis and unexpectedly found that expression of Ihh and related signaling molecules was enhanced in mutant nasomaxillary tissues. To see if Pth1r and Ihh signaling are associated, we generated a Wnt1-Cre; Ihhfl/fl;Pth1rfl/fl;Tomatofl/+ (DKO) mouse and compared the phenotypes to those of each single knockout mouse: Wnt1-Cre; Ihhfl/fl;Pth1rfl/+;Tomatofl/+ (Ihh-CKO) and Wnt1-Cre;Ihhfl/+;Pth1rfl/fl;Tomatofl/+ (Pth1r-CKO). Ihh-CKO mice displayed a milder effect. Of note, the excessive hypertrophic conversion of the nasal cartilage framework observed in Pth1r-CKO was somewhat rescued DKO embryos. Further, a half cAMP responsive element and the 4 similar sequences containing 2 mismatches were identified from the promoter to the first intron in Ihh gene. Gli1-CreERT2;Pth1rfl/fl;Tomatofl/+, a Pth1r-deficient model targeted in hedgehog responsive cells, demonstrated the enlarged hypertrophic layer and significantly more Tomato-positive chondrocytes accumulated in the nasal septum and ethmoidal endochondral ossification. Collectively, the data suggest a relevant Pth1r/Ihh interaction. Our findings obtained from novel mouse models for Pth1r signaling illuminate previously unknown aspects in craniofacial biology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - D Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kitaoka
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Fujiwara
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Quilez S, Dumontier E, Baim C, Kam J, Cloutier JF. Loss of Neogenin alters branchial arch development and leads to craniofacial skeletal defects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1256465. [PMID: 38404688 PMCID: PMC10884240 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1256465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex structures, such as the craniofacial skeleton, requires precise and intricate two-way signalling between populations of cells of different embryonic origins. For example, the lower jaw, or mandible, arises from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) in the mandibular portion of the first branchial arch (mdBA1) of the embryo, and its development is regulated by signals from the ectoderm and cranial mesoderm (CM) within this structure. The molecular mechanisms underlying CM cell influence on CNCC development in the mdBA1 remain poorly defined. Herein we identified the receptor Neogenin as a key regulator of craniofacial development. We found that ablation of Neogenin expression via gene-targeting resulted in several craniofacial skeletal defects, including reduced size of the CNCC-derived mandible. Loss of Neogenin did not affect the formation of the mdBA1 CM core but resulted in altered Bmp4 and Fgf8 expression, increased apoptosis, and reduced osteoblast differentiation in the mdBA1 mesenchyme. Reduced BMP signalling in the mdBA1 of Neogenin mutant embryos was associated with alterations in the gene regulatory network, including decreased expression of transcription factors of the Hand, Msx, and Alx families, which play key roles in the patterning and outgrowth of the mdBA1. Tissue-specific Neogenin loss-of-function studies revealed that Neogenin expression in mesodermal cells contributes to mandible formation. Thus, our results identify Neogenin as a novel regulator of craniofacial skeletal formation and demonstrates it impinges on CNCC development via a non-cell autonomous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Quilez
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher Baim
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Kam
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- The Neuro—Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Kondoh H. Multiple Cell Lineages Give Rise to a Cell Type. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 72:83-104. [PMID: 38509253 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
It has long been assumed that a specific cell type arises following stepwise specification of cells corresponding to the branching of cell lineages. However, accumulating evidence indicates that multiple and even remote cell lineages can lead to the development of the same cells. Four examples giving different yet new insights will be discussed: skeletal muscle development from precursors with distinct initial histories of transcriptional regulation, lens cell development from remote lineages yet sharing basic transcription factors, blood cell development under intersectional pathways, and neural tissue development from cardiac precursors through the manipulation of just one component of epigenetic regulation. These examples provide flexible and nondogmatic perspectives on developmental cell regulation, fundamentally revising the old model relying on cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kondoh
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Ikeda Y, Tani S, Moriishi T, Kuroda A, Matsuo Y, Saeki N, Inui-Yamamoto C, Abe M, Maeda T, Rowe DW, Chung UI, Hojo H, Matsushita Y, Sawase T, Ohba S. Modeling of intramembranous ossification using human pluripotent stem cell-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives. Regen Ther 2023; 24:536-546. [PMID: 37860130 PMCID: PMC10582276 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates form their skeletal tissues from three distinct origins (the neural crest, paraxial mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm) through two distinct modes of ossification (intramembranous and endochondral ossification). Since the paraxial mesoderm generates both intramembranous and endochondral bones, it is thought to give rise to both osteoprogenitors and osteo-chondroprogenitors. However, it remains unclear what directs the paraxial mesoderm-derived cells toward these different fates in distinct skeletal elements during human skeletal development. To answer this question, we need experimental systems that recapitulate paraxial mesoderm-mediated intramembranous and endochondral ossification processes. In this study, we aimed to develop a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based system that models the human intramembranous ossification process. We found that spheroid culture of the hPSC-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives generates osteoprogenitors or osteo-chondroprogenitors depending on stimuli. The former induced intramembranous ossification, and the latter endochondral ossification, in mouse renal capsules. Transcriptional profiling supported the notion that bone signatures were enriched in the intramembranous bone-like tissues. Thus, we developed a system that recapitulates intramembranous ossification, and that enables the induction of two distinct modes of ossification by controlling the cell fate of the hPSC-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tani
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Aiko Kuroda
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Naoya Saeki
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chizuko Inui-Yamamoto
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Maeda
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David W. Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Ortiz García IM, Rodríguez Valero P, Jorques Infante AM, Cordero Tous N, Expósito Hernández J, Olivares Granados G. Long-term Experience of LINAC Single-Dose Radiosurgery for Skull Base Meningiomas: A Retrospective Single-Center Study of 241 Cases. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 25:529-537. [PMID: 37655877 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly applied to treat meningiomas, attributable to their increased incidence in older individuals at greater surgical risk. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with linear accelerator (LINAC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery in skull base meningiomas as either primary treatment or postresection adjuvant therapy. METHODS This study included 241 patients diagnosed with skull base meningiomas treated by single-dose SRS, with a median age of 59 years. SRS was primary treatment in 68.1% (n = 164) and adjuvant treatment in 31.9% (n = 77), using LINAC (Varian 600, 6 MeV). The median tumor volume was 3.2 cm 3 , and the median coverage dose was 14 Gy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictive factors for tumor progression, clinical deterioration, and complications. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis. RESULTS After the median follow-up of 102 months, the tumor control rate was 91.2% (n = 220). Progression-free survival rates were 97.07%, 90.1%, and 85.7% at 5, 10, and 14 years, respectively. Clinical improvement was observed in 56 patients (23.2%). In multivariate analysis, previous surgery (hazard ratio 3.8 [95%CI 1.136-12.71], P = .030) and selectivity (hazard ratio .21 [95%CI 0.066-0.677], P = .009) were associated with tumor progression and increased maximum dose (odds ratio [OR] 4.19 [95% CI 1.287-13.653], P = .017) with clinical deterioration. The permanent adverse radiation effect rate was 6.2% (n = 15) and associated with maximum brainstem dose >12.5 Gy (OR 3.36 [95% CI .866-13.03], P = .08) and cerebellopontine angle localization (OR 3.93 [95% CI 1.29-11.98], P = .016). CONCLUSION Treatment of skull base meningiomas with single-dose SRS using LINAC is effective over the long term. Superior tumor control is obtained in patients without previous surgery. Adverse effects are related to localization in the cerebellopontine angle, and maximum brainstem radiation dose was >12.5 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Ortiz García
- Department of Neurological Surgery, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada , Spain
| | - Paula Rodríguez Valero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada , Spain
| | - Ana M Jorques Infante
- Department of Neurological Surgery, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada , Spain
| | - Nicolás Cordero Tous
- Department of Neurological Surgery, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada , Spain
| | - José Expósito Hernández
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada , Spain
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13
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Li X, Xie R, Luo Y, Shi R, Ling Y, Zhao X, Xu X, Chu W, Wang X. Cooperation of TGF-β and FGF signalling pathways in skin development. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13489. [PMID: 37150846 PMCID: PMC10623945 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a multi-layered structure composed of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis originates entirely from the ectoderm, whereas the dermis originates from various germ layers depending on its anatomical location; thus, there are different developmental patterns of the skin. Although the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal formation are well understood, mechanisms regulating dermis development are not clear owing to the complex origin. It has been shown that several morphogenetic pathways regulate dermis development. Of these, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways are the main modulators regulating skin cell induction, fate decision, migration and differentiation. Recently, the successful generation of human skin by modulating TGF-β and FGF signals further demonstrated the irreplaceable roles of these pathways in skin regeneration. This review provides evidence of the role of TGF-β and FGF signalling pathways in the development of different skin layers, especially the disparate dermis of different body regions. This review also provides new perspectives on the distinct developmental patterns of skin and explores new ideas for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Rongfang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yilin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Runlu Shi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yuanqiang Ling
- Guangzhou Wishing Tree Hair Medical Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Guangzhou Wishing Tree Hair Medical Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
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14
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Yamaguchi H, Swaminathan S, Mishina Y, Komatsu Y. Enhanced BMP signaling leads to enlarged nasal cartilage formation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:173-178. [PMID: 37640003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are required for craniofacial bone development. However, it remains elusive how BMP signaling regulates craniofacial cartilage development. To address this question, we utilized a genetic system to enhance BMP signaling via one of BMP type I receptors ALK2 in a chondrocyte-specific manner (hereafter Ca-Alk2:Col2-Cre) in mice. Ca-Alk2:Col2-Cre mice died shortly after birth due to severe craniofacial abnormalities including cleft palate, defective tongue, and shorter mandible formation. Histological analysis revealed that these phenotypes were attributed to the extensive chondrogenesis. Compared with controls, enhanced SOX9 and RUNX2 production were observed in nasal cartilage of Ca-Alk2:Col2-Cre mice. To reveal the mechanisms responsible for enlarged nasal cartilage, we examined Smad-dependent and Smad-independent BMP signaling pathways. While the Smad-independent BMP signaling pathway including p38, ERK, and JNK remained silent, the Smad1/5/9 was highly phosphorylated in Ca-Alk2:Col2-Cre mice. Interestingly, Ca-Alk2:Col2-Cre mice showed enhanced S6 kinase phosphorylation, a readout of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These findings may suggest that enhanced Smad-dependent BMP signaling positively regulates the mTOR pathway and stimulates chondrocytes toward hypertrophic differentiation, thereby leading to enlarged nasal cartilage formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sowmya Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; The College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Halurkar MS, Inoue O, Mukherjee R, Paese CLB, Duszynski M, Brugmann SA, Lim HW, Sanchez-Gurmaches J. The widely used Ucp1-CreEvdr transgene elicits complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563165. [PMID: 37904917 PMCID: PMC10614962 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic models, including most Cre-recombinases, enable potent interrogation of gene function in vivo but require rigorous validation as limitations emerge. Due to its high relevance to metabolic studies, we performed comprehensive analysis of the Ucp1-CreEvdr line which is widely used for brown fat research. Hemizygotes exhibited major brown and white fat transcriptomic dysregulation, indicating potential altered tissue function. Ucp1-CreEvdr homozygotes also show high mortality, growth defects, and craniofacial abnormalities. Mapping the transgene insertion site revealed insertion in chromosome 1 accompanied by large genomic alterations disrupting several genes expressed in a range of tissues. Notably, Ucp1-CreEvdr transgene retains an extra Ucp1 gene copy that may be highly expressed under high thermogenic burden. Our multi-faceted analysis highlights a complex phenotype arising from the presence of the Ucp1-CreEvdr transgene independently of the intended genetic manipulations. Overall, comprehensive validation of transgenic mice is imperative to maximize discovery while mitigating unexpected, off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Suchit Halurkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Oto Inoue
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Molly Duszynski
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samantha A. Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
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16
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Smeriglio P, Zalc A. Cranial Neural Crest Cells Contribution to Craniofacial Bone Development and Regeneration. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:624-631. [PMID: 37421571 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize (i) the latest evidence on cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) contribution to craniofacial development and ossification; (ii) the recent discoveries on the mechanisms responsible for their plasticity; and (iii) the newest procedures to ameliorate maxillofacial tissue repair. RECENT FINDINGS CNCC display a remarkable differentiation potential that exceeds the capacity of their germ layer of origin. The mechanisms by which they expand their plasticity was recently described. Their ability to participate to craniofacial bone development and regeneration open new perspectives for treatments of traumatic craniofacial injuries or congenital syndromes. These conditions can be life-threatening, require invasive maxillofacial surgery and can leave deep sequels on our health or quality of life. With accumulating evidence showing how CNCC-derived stem cells potential can ameliorate craniofacial reconstruction and tissue repair, we believe a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating CNCC plasticity is essential to ameliorate endogenous regeneration and improve tissue repair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Smeriglio
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Zalc
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.
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17
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Selleri L, Rijli FM. Shaping faces: genetic and epigenetic control of craniofacial morphogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:610-626. [PMID: 37095271 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Major differences in facial morphology distinguish vertebrate species. Variation of facial traits underlies the uniqueness of human individuals, and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis during development leads to birth defects that significantly affect quality of life. Studies during the past 40 years have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that establish facial form during development, highlighting the crucial roles in this process of a multipotent cell type known as the cranial neural crest cell. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in multi-omics and single-cell technologies that enable genes, transcriptional regulatory networks and epigenetic landscapes to be closely linked to the establishment of facial patterning and its variation, with an emphasis on normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis. Advancing our knowledge of these processes will support important developments in tissue engineering, as well as the repair and reconstruction of the abnormal craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroepigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Koyabu D. Evolution, conservatism and overlooked homologies of the mammalian skull. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220081. [PMID: 37183902 PMCID: PMC10184252 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, studies integrating palaeontology, embryology and experimental developmental biology have markedly altered our homological understanding of the mammalian skull. Indeed, new evidence suggests that we should revisit and restructure the conventional anatomical terminology applied to the components of the mammalian skull. Notably, these are classical problems that have remained unresolved since the ninteenth century. In this review, I offer perspectives on the overlooked problems associated with the homology, development, and conservatism of the mammalian skull, aiming to encourage future studies in these areas. I emphasise that ossification patterns, bone fusion, cranial sutures and taxon-specific neomorphic bones in the skull are virtually unexplored, and further studies would improve our homological understanding of the mammalian skull. Lastly, I highlight that overlooked bones may exist in the skull that are not yet known to science and suggest that further search is needed. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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19
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Goswami A, Noirault E, Coombs EJ, Clavel J, Fabre AC, Halliday TJD, Churchill M, Curtis A, Watanabe A, Simmons NB, Beatty BL, Geisler JH, Fox DL, Felice RN. Developmental origin underlies evolutionary rate variation across the placental skull. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220083. [PMID: 37183904 PMCID: PMC10184245 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The placental skull has evolved into myriad forms, from longirostrine whales to globular primates, and with a diverse array of appendages from antlers to tusks. This disparity has recently been studied from the perspective of the whole skull, but the skull is composed of numerous elements that have distinct developmental origins and varied functions. Here, we assess the evolution of the skull's major skeletal elements, decomposed into 17 individual regions. Using a high-dimensional morphometric approach for a dataset of 322 living and extinct eutherians (placental mammals and their stem relatives), we quantify patterns of variation and estimate phylogenetic, allometric and ecological signal across the skull. We further compare rates of evolution across ecological categories and ordinal-level clades and reconstruct rates of evolution along lineages and through time to assess whether developmental origin or function discriminate the evolutionary trajectories of individual cranial elements. Our results demonstrate distinct macroevolutionary patterns across cranial elements that reflect the ecological adaptations of major clades. Elements derived from neural crest show the fastest rates of evolution, but ecological signal is equally pronounced in bones derived from neural crest and paraxial mesoderm, suggesting that developmental origin may influence evolutionary tempo, but not capacity for specialisation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eve Noirault
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ellen J Coombs
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Julien Clavel
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Claire Fabre
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J D Halliday
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Morgan Churchill
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Abigail Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Akinobu Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Brian L Beatty
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Jonathan H Geisler
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - David L Fox
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan N Felice
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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20
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Ulhaq ZS, Nurputra DK, Soraya GV, Kurniawati S, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Tse WKF. A systematic review on Treacher Collins syndrome: Correlation between molecular genetic findings and clinical severity. Clin Genet 2023; 103:146-155. [PMID: 36203321 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS, OMIM: 154500) is a rare congenital craniofacial disorder that is caused by variants in the genes TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B. Studies on the association between phenotypic variability and their relative variants are very limited. This systematic review summarized the 53 literatures from PubMed and Scopus to explore the potential TCS genotype-phenotype correlations with statistical analysis. Studies reporting both complete molecular genetics and clinical data were included. We identified that the molecular anomaly within TCOF1 (88.71%) accounted for most TCS cases. The only true hot spot for TCOF1 was detected in exon 24, with recurrent c.4369_4373delAAGAA variant is identified. While the hot spot for POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B were identified in exons 3, 8, and 15, respectively. Our result suggested that the higher severity level was likely to be observed in Asian patients harboring TCOF1 variants rather than POLR1. Moreover, common 5-bp deletions tended to have a higher severity degree in comparison to any variants within exon 24 of TCOF1. In summary, this report suggested the relationship between genetic and clinical data in TCS. Our findings could be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis and further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Batu, Indonesia
| | | | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Siti Kurniawati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Ziermann JM. Overview of Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on Extraocular Muscle Development. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:57-80. [PMID: 37955771 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The head is often considered the most complex part of the vertebrate body as many different cell types contribute to a huge variation of structures in a very limited space. Most of these cell types also interact with each other to ensure the proper development of skull, brain, muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels. While there are general mechanisms that are true for muscle development all over the body, the head and postcranial muscle development differ from each other. In the head, specific gene regulatory networks underlie the differentiation in subgroups, which include extraocular muscles, muscles of mastication, muscles of facial expression, laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as cranial nerve innervated neck muscles. Here, I provide an overview of the difference between head and trunk muscle development. This is followed by a short excursion to the cardiopharyngeal field which gives rise to heart and head musculature and a summary of pharyngeal arch muscle development, including interactions between neural crest cells, mesodermal cells, and endodermal signals. Lastly, a more detailed description of the eye development, tissue interactions, and involved genes is provided.
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22
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Fitriasari S, Trainor PA. Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:139-168. [PMID: 36707210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies often exhibit phenotype variability and non-mendelian inheritance due to their multifactorial origin, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A combination of epidemiologic studies, genome-wide association, and analysis of animal models have provided insight into the effects of gene-environment interactions on craniofacial and brain development and the pathogenesis of congenital disorders. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies, focusing on orofacial clefts, hemifacial microsomia, and microcephaly. We then discuss how environmental risk factors interact with genes to modulate the incidence and phenotype severity of craniofacial anomalies. Identifying environmental risk factors and dissecting their interaction with different genes and modifiers is central to improved strategies for preventing craniofacial anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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23
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Maier AD. Malignant meningioma. APMIS 2022; 130 Suppl 145:1-58. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
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24
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Song W, Bo X, Ma X, Hou K, Li D, Geng W, Zeng J. Craniomaxillofacial derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) for craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering: A literature review. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e650-e659. [PMID: 35691558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Marechal E, Poliard A, Henry K, Moreno M, Legrix M, Macagno N, Mondielli G, Fauquier T, Barlier A, Etchevers HC. Multiple congenital malformations arise from somatic mosaicism for constitutively active Pik3ca signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1013001. [PMID: 36353506 PMCID: PMC9637999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent missense mutations of the PIK3CA oncogene are among the most frequent drivers of human cancers. These often lead to constitutive activation of its product p110α, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit. In addition to causing a broad range of cancers, the H1047R mutation is also found in affected tissues of a distinct set of congenital tumors and malformations. Collectively termed PIK3CA-related disorders (PRDs), these lead to overgrowth of brain, adipose, connective and musculoskeletal tissues and/or blood and lymphatic vessel components. Vascular malformations are frequently observed in PRD, due to cell-autonomous activation of PI3K signaling within endothelial cells. These, like most muscle, connective tissue and bone, are derived from the embryonic mesoderm. However, important organ systems affected in PRDs are neuroectodermal derivatives. To further examine their development, we drove the most common post-zygotic activating mutation of Pik3ca in neural crest and related embryonic lineages. Outcomes included macrocephaly, cleft secondary palate and more subtle skull anomalies. Surprisingly, Pik3ca-mutant subpopulations of neural crest origin were also associated with widespread cephalic vascular anomalies. Mesectodermal neural crest is a major source of non-endothelial connective tissue in the head, but not the body. To examine the response of vascular connective tissues of the body to constitutive Pik3ca activity during development, we expressed the mutation by way of an Egr2 (Krox20) Cre driver. Lineage tracing led us to observe new lineages that had normally once expressed Krox20 and that may be co-opted in pathogenesis, including vascular pericytes and perimysial fibroblasts. Finally, Schwann cell precursors having transcribed either Krox20 or Sox10 and induced to express constitutively active PI3K were associated with vascular and other tumors. These murine phenotypes may aid discovery of new candidate human PRDs affecting craniofacial and vascular smooth muscle development as well as the reciprocal paracrine signaling mechanisms leading to tissue overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Marechal
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Poliard
- URP 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, CNRS, GDR 2031 CREST-NET, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- School of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Kilian Henry
- School of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Mathias Moreno
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Mathilde Legrix
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Grégoire Mondielli
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Teddy Fauquier
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, MMG, MarMaRa Institute, La Conception Hospital Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Heather C. Etchevers
- INSERM, MMG, U1251, CNRS, GDR 2031 CREST-NET, MarMaRa Institute, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Heather C. Etchevers,
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Kuroshima S, Al‐Omari FA, Sasaki M, Sawase T. Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A literature review and update. Genesis 2022; 60:e23500. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan
| | - Farah A. Al‐Omari
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan
| | - Muneteru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan
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27
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Zhu Q, Ding L, Yue R. Skeletal stem cells: a game changer of skeletal biology and regenerative medicine? LIFE MEDICINE 2022; 1:294-306. [PMID: 36811113 PMCID: PMC9938637 DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) were originally discovered in the bone marrow stroma. They are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and stromal cells. Importantly, these bone marrow SSCs localize in the perivascular region and highly express hematopoietic growth factors to create the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Thus, bone marrow SSCs play pivotal roles in orchestrating osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. Besides the bone marrow, recent studies have uncovered diverse SSC populations in the growth plate, perichondrium, periosteum, and calvarial suture at different developmental stages, which exhibit distinct differentiation potential under homeostatic and stress conditions. Therefore, the current consensus is that a panel of region-specific SSCs collaborate to regulate skeletal development, maintenance, and regeneration. Here, we will summarize recent advances of SSCs in long bones and calvaria, with a special emphasis on the evolving concept and methodology in the field. We will also look into the future of this fascinating research area that may ultimately lead to effective treatment of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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28
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Anatomical network analyses reveal evolutionary integration and modularity in the lizards skull. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14429. [PMID: 36064738 PMCID: PMC9445097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of lizard skulls is highly diverse, and it is crucial to understand the factors that constrain and promote their evolution to understand how lizards thrive. The results of interactions between cranial bones reflecting these factors can be detected as integration and modularity, and the analysis of integration and modularity allows us to explore the underlying factors. In this study, the integration and modularity of the skulls of lizards and the outgroup tuatara are analyzed using a new method, Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA), and the factors causing lizards morphological diversity are investigated by comparing them. The comparison of modular structures shows that lizard skulls have high integration and anisomerism, some differences but basically common modular patterns. In contrast, the tuatara shows a different modular pattern from lizards. In addition, the presence of the postorbital bar by jugal and postorbital (postorbitofrontal) also reflect various functional factors by maintaining low integration. The maintenance of basic structures due to basic functional requirements and changes in integration within the modules play a significant role in increasing the morphological diversity of the lizard skull and in the prosperity of the lizards.
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29
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Nagata M, English JD, Ono N, Ono W. Diverse stem cells for periodontal tissue formation and regeneration. Genesis 2022; 60:e23495. [PMID: 35916433 PMCID: PMC9492631 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the gingiva. PDL contains a variety of cell populations including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) termed PDLSCs, which contribute to periodontal regeneration. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitors in their native environment, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the periodontium. The current concept is that mesenchymal progenitors in the PDL are localized to the perivascular niche. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses reveal heterogeneity and cell-type specific markers of cells in the periodontium, as well as their developmental relationship with precursor cells in the dental follicle. The characteristics of PDLSCs and their diversity in vivo are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to insights from mouse genetic models and scRNA-seq analyses, which aid to uncover the fundamental properties of stem cells in the human PDL. The new knowledge will be highly important for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair periodontal tissues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeryl D. English
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Bertol JW, Johnston S, Ahmed R, Xie VK, Hubka KM, Cruz L, Nitschke L, Stetsiv M, Goering JP, Nistor P, Lowell S, Hoskens H, Claes P, Weinberg SM, Saadi I, Farach-Carson MC, Fakhouri WD. TWIST1 interacts with β/δ-catenins during neural tube development and regulates fate transition in cranial neural crest cells. Development 2022; 149:dev200068. [PMID: 35781329 PMCID: PMC9440756 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate determination is a necessary and tightly regulated process for producing different cell types and structures during development. Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are unique to vertebrate embryos and emerge from the neural plate borders into multiple cell lineages that differentiate into bone, cartilage, neurons and glial cells. We have previously reported that Irf6 genetically interacts with Twist1 during CNCC-derived tissue formation. Here, we have investigated the mechanistic role of Twist1 and Irf6 at early stages of craniofacial development. Our data indicate that TWIST1 is expressed in endocytic vesicles at the apical surface and interacts with β/δ-catenins during neural tube closure, and Irf6 is involved in defining neural fold borders by restricting AP2α expression. Twist1 suppresses Irf6 and other epithelial genes in CNCCs during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cell migration. Conversely, a loss of Twist1 leads to a sustained expression of epithelial and cell adhesion markers in migratory CNCCs. Disruption of TWIST1 phosphorylation in vivo leads to epidermal blebbing, edema, neural tube defects and CNCC-derived structural abnormalities. Altogether, this study describes a previously uncharacterized function of mammalian Twist1 and Irf6 in the neural tube and CNCCs, and provides new target genes for Twist1 that are involved in cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W. Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Shelby Johnston
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rabia Ahmed
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Victoria K. Xie
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kelsea M. Hubka
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lissette Cruz
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Larissa Nitschke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marta Stetsiv
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Goering
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Paul Nistor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sally Lowell
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Walid D. Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Does Anatomic Region-Specific Gene Expression Underlie Thyroid Eye Disease? Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 38:404-405. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Kim E, Wu F, Lim D, Zeuthen C, Zhang Y, Allen J, Muraine L, Trollet C, Vest KE, Choo HJ. Fibroadipogenic Progenitors Regulate the Basal Proliferation of Satellite Cells and Homeostasis of Pharyngeal Muscles via HGF Secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875209. [PMID: 35669512 PMCID: PMC9164287 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells (SCs), are quiescent in normal adult limb muscles. Injury stimulates SC proliferation, differentiation, and fusion to regenerate muscle structure. In pharyngeal muscles, which are critical for swallowing foods and liquids, SCs proliferate and fuse in the absence of injury. It is unknown what factors drive increased basal activity of pharyngeal SCs. Here, we determined how niche factors influence the status of pharyngeal versus limb SCs. In vivo, a subset of pharyngeal SCs present features of activated SCs, including large cell size and increased mitochondrial content. In this study, we discovered that the pharyngeal muscle contains high levels of active hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is known to activate SCs in mice and humans. We found that fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are the major cell type providing HGF and are thus responsible for basal proliferation of SCs in pharyngeal muscles. Lastly, we confirmed the critical role of FAPs for pharyngeal muscle function and maintenance. This study gives new insights to explain the distinctive SC activity of pharyngeal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Danbi Lim
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Zeuthen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James Allen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laura Muraine
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Katherine E. Vest
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hyojung J. Choo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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33
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Utsunomiya N, Katsube M, Yamaguchi Y, Yoneyama A, Morimoto N, Yamada S. The first 3D analysis of the sphenoid morphogenesis during the human embryonic period. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5259. [PMID: 35347174 PMCID: PMC8960892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphenoid has a complicated shape, and its morphogenesis during early development remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the detailed morphogenesis of the sphenoid and to visualize it three-dimensionally using histological section (HS) and phase-contrast X-ray CT (PCX-CT). We examined 54 specimens using HS and 57 specimens using PCX-CT, and summarized the initial morphogenesis of the sphenoid during Carnegie stage (CS) 17 to 23. The 3D models reconstructed using PCX-CT demonstrated that some neural foramina have the common process of "neuro-advanced" formation and revealed that shape change in the anterior sphenoid lasts longer than that of the posterior sphenoid, implying that the anterior sphenoid may have plasticity to produce morphological variations in the human face. Moreover, we measured the cranial base angle (CBA) in an accurate midsagittal section acquired using PCX-CT and found that the CBA against CS was largest at CS21. Meanwhile, CBA against body length showed no striking peak, suggesting that the angulation during the embryonic period may be related to any developmental events along the progress of stages rather than to a simple body enlargement. Our study elucidated the normal growth of the embryonic sphenoid, which has implications for the development and evolution of the human cranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Utsunomiya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoki Katsube
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Yamaguchi
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Hur MS, Lee S, Jung HS, Schneider RA. Anatomical connections among the depressor supercilii, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, and inferior fibers of orbicularis oculi: Implications for variation in human facial expressions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264148. [PMID: 35231048 PMCID: PMC8887774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine how the depressor supercilii (DS) connects to the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN) and inferior fibers of the orbicularis oculi (OOc INF) in the human midface. While grimacing, contraction of the DS with fibers connecting to the LLSAN and OOc INF can assist in pulling the medial eyebrow downward more than when these connecting fibers are not present. Contraction of these distinct connecting fibers between the DS and the LLSAN can also slightly elevate the nasal ala and upper lip. The DS was examined in 44 specimens of embalmed adult Korean cadavers. We found that the DS connected to the LLSAN or the OOc INF by muscle fibers or thin aponeuroses in 33 (75.0%) of the 44 specimens. The DS was connected to both the LLSAN and OOc INF by muscle fibers or aponeuroses and had no connection to either in 5 (11.4%) and 11 (25.0%) specimens, respectively. The DS was connected to the LLSAN by the muscle fibers and thin aponeuroses in 6 (13.6%) and 4 (9.1%) specimens, respectively. The DS was connected to the OOc INF by the muscle fibers and thin aponeuroses in 5 (11.4%) and 23 (52.3%) specimens, respectively. Our findings regarding the anatomical connections of the glabellar region DS to the midface LLSAN and OOc INF provide insights on the dynamic balance between the brow depressors such as the DS and brow-elevating muscle and contribute to understanding the anatomical origins of individual variation in facial expressions. These results can also improve the safety, predictability, and aesthetics of treatments for the glabellar region with botulinum toxin type A and can be helpful when performing electromyography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seunggyu Lee
- Division of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Richard A. Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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35
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Grimaldi A, Comai G, Mella S, Tajbakhsh S. Identification of bipotent progenitors that give rise to myogenic and connective tissues in mouse. eLife 2022; 11:70235. [PMID: 35225230 PMCID: PMC9020825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How distinct cell fates are manifested by direct lineage ancestry from bipotent progenitors, or by specification of individual cell types is a key question for understanding the emergence of tissues. The interplay between skeletal muscle progenitors and associated connective tissue cells provides a model for examining how muscle functional units are established. Most craniofacial structures originate from the vertebrate-specific neural crest cells except in the dorsal portion of the head, where they arise from cranial mesoderm. Here, using multiple lineage-tracing strategies combined with single cell RNAseq and in situ analyses, we identify bipotent progenitors expressing Myf5 (an upstream regulator of myogenic fate) that give rise to both muscle and juxtaposed connective tissue. Following this bifurcation, muscle and connective tissue cells retain complementary signalling features and maintain spatial proximity. Disrupting myogenic identity shifts muscle progenitors to a connective tissue fate. The emergence of Myf5-derived connective tissue is associated with the activity of several transcription factors, including Foxp2. Interestingly, this unexpected bifurcation in cell fate was not observed in craniofacial regions that are colonised by neural crest cells. Therefore, we propose that an ancestral bi-fated program gives rise to muscle and connective tissue cells in skeletal muscles that are deprived of neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenda Comai
- UMR 3738, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Mella
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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36
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Gaca PJ, Lewandowicz M, Lipczynska-Lewandowska M, Simon M, Matos PAW, Doulis A, Rokohl AC, Heindl LM. Embryonic Development of the Orbit. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:19-26. [PMID: 35120374 DOI: 10.1055/a-1709-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic and fetal development of the orbit comprises a series of sequential events, starting with the fertilization of the ovum and extending until birth. Most of the publications dealing with orbital morphogenesis describe the sequential development of each germinal layer, the ectoderm with its neuroectoderm derivative and the mesoderm. This approach provides a clear understanding of the mode of development of each layer but does not give the reader a general picture of the structure of the orbit within any specified time frame. In order to enhance our understanding of the developmental anatomy of the orbit, the authors have summarized the recent developments in orbital morphogenesis, a temporally precise and morphogenetically intricate process. Understanding this multidimensional process of development in prenatal life, identifying and linking signaling cascades, as well as the regulatory genes linked to existing diseases, may pave the way for advanced molecular diagnostic testing, developing minimally invasive interventions, and the use of progenitor/stem cell and even regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jakub Gaca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Lewandowicz
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Multidisciplinary M. Copernicus Voivodeship Center for Oncology and Traumatology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lipczynska-Lewandowska
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Simon
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen - Bonn - Cologne, Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philomena A Wawer Matos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandros Doulis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen - Bonn - Cologne, Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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37
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Moore EL, Trainor PA. Live Imaging of the Dynamics of Mammalian Neural Crest Cell Migration. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2403:263-276. [PMID: 34913129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCC) are a multipotent cell population that play an important role in vertebrate development. Often touted as the fourth-germ layer, NCC are induced at the border of the neural and non-neural ectoderm during the neurulation phase of embryogenesis. NCC undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitates their delamination and migration throughout the embryo. After reaching their final destination, NCC then differentiate into numerous distinct cell types including neurons and glia, melanocytes, and craniofacial chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Research into the signals and mechanisms regulating each step of NCC development has been instrumental to our understanding of vertebrate development, evolution, and disease. However, studying the single and collective cellular dynamics of mammalian NCC migration has proven difficult due to the challenges accessing, and limitations visualizing, NCC within an embryo that develops in utero. The following chapter describes methods for studying the dynamics of cranial NCC migration in whole mouse embryos and in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D explant cultures of the neural plate, but these methods can be adapted for NCC at any axial level of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Moore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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38
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Sanger TJ, Harding L, Kyrkos J, Turnquist AJ, Epperlein L, Nunez SA, Lachance D, Dhindsa S, Stroud JT, Diaz RE, Czesny B. Environmental Thermal Stress Induces Neuronal Cell Death and Developmental Malformations in Reptiles. Integr Org Biol 2021; 3:obab033. [PMID: 34877473 PMCID: PMC8643577 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Every stage of organismal life history is being challenged by global warming. Many species are already experiencing temperatures approaching their physiological limits; this is particularly true for ectothermic species, such as lizards. Embryos are markedly sensitive to thermal insult. Here, we demonstrate that temperatures currently experienced in natural nesting areas can modify gene expression levels and induce neural and craniofacial malformations in embryos of the lizard Anolis sagrei. Developmental abnormalities ranged from minor changes in facial structure to significant disruption of anterior face and forebrain. The first several days of postoviposition development are particularly sensitive to this thermal insult. These results raise new concern over the viability of ectothermic species under contemporary climate change. Herein, we propose and test a novel developmental hypothesis that describes the cellular and developmental origins of those malformations: cell death in the developing forebrain and abnormal facial induction due to disrupted Hedgehog signaling. Based on similarities in the embryonic response to thermal stress among distantly related species, we propose that this developmental hypothesis represents a common embryonic response to thermal insult among amniote embryos. Our results emphasize the importance of adopting a broad, multidisciplinary approach that includes both lab and field perspectives when trying to understand the future impacts of anthropogenic change on animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sanger
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Laura Harding
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Judith Kyrkos
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Alexandrea J Turnquist
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Lilian Epperlein
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Sylvia A Nunez
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Dryden Lachance
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Seerat Dhindsa
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - James T Stroud
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137. One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Raul E Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Beata Czesny
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1050 Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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Khunkhet S, Chanprapaph K, Rutnin S, Suchonwanit P. Histopathological Evidence of Occipital Involvement in Male Androgenetic Alopecia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:790597. [PMID: 34881276 PMCID: PMC8645552 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The occipital region of the scalp is generally accepted as an unaffected area of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) for both genders. However, evidence of AGA involving the occipital scalp has been demonstrated in women; meanwhile, it is unclear whether occipital involvement also occurs in men. Objective: We aimed to determine if there is occipital involvement in men with AGA. Methods: This case-control study compared hair counts of scalp biopsy specimens from the occipital region of 82 men with Hamilton-Norwood III-VII and 82 unaffected men. Results: The mean ages of men with AGA and controls were 40.1 ± 8.9 and 38.6 ± 10.5 years, respectively (P = 0.291). A significant decrease in total hair follicles, terminal hair follicles, follicular units and terminal to vellus (T:V) ratio, along with a significant increase in follicular stelae was indicated in the AGA group compared to controls (all P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that average counts of total hair follicles, terminal hair follicles and T:V ratios were also significantly lower in males with Hamilton-Norwood VI and VII than in controls (all P < 0.05). There were no correlations between increasing age and hair count parameters, but a significant negative association was found between total follicle numbers and disease duration (r = -0.23, P = 0.02). Conclusions: AGA can involve the occipital area of male patients with advanced disease. Therefore, the occiput of particular cases should not be used to determine reference data for normal scalp hair, and preoperative measurements of miniaturized hairs in the donor site are strongly recommended in all persons undergoing hair transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Khunkhet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Skin Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kumutnart Chanprapaph
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Rutnin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Boer EF, Maclary ET, Shapiro MD. Complex genetic architecture of three-dimensional craniofacial shape variation in domestic pigeons. Evol Dev 2021; 23:477-495. [PMID: 34914861 PMCID: PMC9119316 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic basis of vertebrate craniofacial variation is a longstanding biological problem with broad implications in evolution, development, and human pathology. One of the most stunning examples of craniofacial diversification is the adaptive radiation of birds, in which the beak serves essential roles in virtually every aspect of their life histories. The domestic pigeon (Columba livia) provides an exceptional opportunity to study the genetic underpinnings of craniofacial variation because of its unique balance of experimental accessibility and extraordinary phenotypic diversity within a single species. We used traditional and geometric morphometrics to quantify craniofacial variation in an F2 laboratory cross derived from the straight-beaked Pomeranian Pouter and curved-beak Scandaroon pigeon breeds. Using a combination of genome-wide quantitative trait locus scans and multi-locus modeling, we identified a set of genetic loci associated with complex shape variation in the craniofacial skeleton, including beak shape, braincase shape, and mandible shape. Some of these loci control coordinated changes between different structures, while others explain variation in the size and shape of specific skull and jaw regions. We find that in domestic pigeons, a complex blend of both independent and coupled genetic effects underlie three-dimensional craniofacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F. Boer
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Emily T. Maclary
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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Compagnucci C, Martinus K, Griffin J, Depew MJ. Programmed Cell Death Not as Sledgehammer but as Chisel: Apoptosis in Normal and Abnormal Craniofacial Patterning and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717404. [PMID: 34692678 PMCID: PMC8531503 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of craniofacial development involves an complex, intricate, genetically controlled and tightly regulated spatiotemporal series of reciprocal inductive and responsive interactions among the embryonic cephalic epithelia (both endodermal and ectodermal) and the cephalic mesenchyme — particularly the cranial neural crest (CNC). The coordinated regulation of these interactions is critical both ontogenetically and evolutionarily, and the clinical importance and mechanistic sensitivity to perturbation of this developmental system is reflected by the fact that one-third of all human congenital malformations affect the head and face. Here, we focus on one element of this elaborate process, apoptotic cell death, and its role in normal and abnormal craniofacial development. We highlight four themes in the temporospatial elaboration of craniofacial apoptosis during development, namely its occurrence at (1) positions of epithelial-epithelial apposition, (2) within intra-epithelial morphogenesis, (3) during epithelial compartmentalization, and (4) with CNC metameric organization. Using the genetic perturbation of Satb2, Pbx1/2, Fgf8, and Foxg1 as exemplars, we examine the role of apoptosis in the elaboration of jaw modules, the evolution and elaboration of the lambdoidal junction, the developmental integration at the mandibular arch hinge, and the control of upper jaw identity, patterning and development. Lastly, we posit that apoptosis uniquely acts during craniofacial development to control patterning cues emanating from core organizing centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kira Martinus
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Griffin
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Depew
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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From Bipotent Neuromesodermal Progenitors to Neural-Mesodermal Interactions during Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179141. [PMID: 34502050 PMCID: PMC8431582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure the formation of a properly patterned embryo, multiple processes must operate harmoniously at sequential phases of development. This is implemented by mutual interactions between cells and tissues that together regulate the segregation and specification of cells, their growth and morphogenesis. The formation of the spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm derivatives exquisitely illustrate these processes. Following early gastrulation, while the vertebrate body elongates, a population of bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors resident in the posterior region of the embryo generate both neural and mesodermal lineages. At later stages, the somitic mesoderm regulates aspects of neural patterning and differentiation of both central and peripheral neural progenitors. Reciprocally, neural precursors influence the paraxial mesoderm to regulate somite-derived myogenesis and additional processes by distinct mechanisms. Central to this crosstalk is the activity of the axial notochord, which, via sonic hedgehog signaling, plays pivotal roles in neural, skeletal muscle and cartilage ontogeny. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular basis underlying this complex developmental plan, with a focus on the logic of sonic hedgehog activities in the coordination of the neural-mesodermal axis.
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43
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Fabik J, Psutkova V, Machon O. The Mandibular and Hyoid Arches-From Molecular Patterning to Shaping Bone and Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7529. [PMID: 34299147 PMCID: PMC8303155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandibular and hyoid arches collectively make up the facial skeleton, also known as the viscerocranium. Although all three germ layers come together to assemble the pharyngeal arches, the majority of tissue within viscerocranial skeletal components differentiates from the neural crest. Since nearly one third of all birth defects in humans affect the craniofacial region, it is important to understand how signalling pathways and transcription factors govern the embryogenesis and skeletogenesis of the viscerocranium. This review focuses on mouse and zebrafish models of craniofacial development. We highlight gene regulatory networks directing the patterning and osteochondrogenesis of the mandibular and hyoid arches that are actually conserved among all gnathostomes. The first part of this review describes the anatomy and development of mandibular and hyoid arches in both species. The second part analyses cell signalling and transcription factors that ensure the specificity of individual structures along the anatomical axes. The third part discusses the genes and molecules that control the formation of bone and cartilage within mandibular and hyoid arches and how dysregulation of molecular signalling influences the development of skeletal components of the viscerocranium. In conclusion, we notice that mandibular malformations in humans and mice often co-occur with hyoid malformations and pinpoint the similar molecular machinery controlling the development of mandibular and hyoid arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Fabik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (V.P.)
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44
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Surgical Observations of the Levator Aponeurosis Fibrotic Changes in Simple Congenital Ptosis Suggest Complex Pathogenesis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:329-333. [PMID: 33156145 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To shed light upon the possible role of the levator aponeurosis (LA) developmental fibrotic changes as an added etiology for simple congenital ptosis, which causes limitation of the levator function (LF). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients with simple congenital ptosis who underwent skin approach LA resection as a primary intervention with an intraoperative photographic documentation of LA fibrotic changes. Preoperative demographics and clinical data were reviewed. The effect of LA fibrotic changes on the LF was assessed in different LA fibrotic changes with or without levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle fatty infiltration. RESULTS A total of 56 eyelids of 49 patients with a mean age (±SD) 6.7 (±3.2) years were enrolled in this study. The fibrotic changes of LA were observed as a sheet of fibrosis (19 eyelids) or fibrous bands (23 eyelids). Fatty infiltration of LPS was noticed in 28 eyelids, either with or without fibrotic changes of LA. Preoperative LF was diminished in LPS fatty infiltration compared with LA fibrotic sheets (P = 0.026). Postoperative LF improved significantly in both LA fibrotic sheets and LA fibrotic bands (9.4 ± 2.5 mm and 9.6 ± 2.8 mm, respectively) compared with LPS with fatty infiltration (6.4 ± 1.8 mm) (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Although our data are inconclusive due to lack of embryologic studies, the observed LA fibrotic changes may suggest a complex pathogenesis of simple congenital ptosis. The meticulous observation of the LA and the releasing of any adhesion or band to the surrounding structures could improve postoperative LF.
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45
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Yamaguchi H, Meyer MD, He L, Senavirathna L, Pan S, Komatsu Y. The molecular complex of ciliary and golgin protein is crucial for skull development. Development 2021; 148:270770. [PMID: 34128978 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intramembranous ossification, which consists of direct conversion of mesenchymal cells to osteoblasts, is a characteristic process in skull development. One crucial role of these osteoblasts is to secrete collagen-containing bone matrix. However, it remains unclear how the dynamics of collagen trafficking is regulated during skull development. Here, we reveal the regulatory mechanisms of ciliary and golgin proteins required for intramembranous ossification. During normal skull formation, osteoblasts residing on the osteogenic front actively secreted collagen. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis determined endogenous binding between ciliary protein IFT20 and golgin protein GMAP210 in these osteoblasts. As seen in Ift20 mutant mice, disruption of neural crest-specific GMAP210 in mice caused osteopenia-like phenotypes due to dysfunctional collagen trafficking. Mice lacking both IFT20 and GMAP210 displayed more severe skull defects compared with either IFT20 or GMAP210 mutants. These results demonstrate that the molecular complex of IFT20 and GMAP210 is essential for the intramembranous ossification during skull development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lakmini Senavirathna
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sheng Pan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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Zhang J, Lin C, Song Y, Zhang Y, Chen J. Augmented BMP4 signal impairs tongue myogenesis. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:651-659. [PMID: 34076834 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tongue muscles are derived from mesodermal cells, while signals driven by cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) regulate tongue myogenesis via tissue-tissue interaction. Based on such mechanisms of interaction, congenital tongue defects occur in CNC-related syndromes in humans. This study utilized a pathologic model for the syndrome of congenital bony syngnathia, Wnt1-Cre;pMes-Bmp4 mouse line, to explore impacts of enhanced CNCCs-originated BMP4 signal on tongue myogenesis via tissue-tissue interaction. Our results revealed that microglossia, a clinical phenotype of congenital bony syngnathia in humans exhibited in Wnt1-Cre;pMes-Bmp4 mice due to impaired myogenesis. The augmented BMP4 signal affected the distal distribution, proliferation, and differentiation of myogenic cells as well as tendon patterning, resulting in disarrangement and atrophy of tongue muscles and the loss of the anterior digastric muscle. This study demonstrated how a CNCCs-originated ligand impaired tongue myogenesis via a non-autonomous way, which provided potential formation mechanisms for understanding tongue abnormalities in CNC-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Fitriasari S, Trainor PA. Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage Modulate Cranial Neural Crest Cell Development and the Phenotype Variability of Craniofacial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644410. [PMID: 34095113 PMCID: PMC8174788 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations are among the most common birth defects in humans and they often have significant detrimental functional, aesthetic, and social consequences. To date, more than 700 distinct craniofacial disorders have been described. However, the genetic, environmental, and developmental origins of most of these conditions remain to be determined. This gap in our knowledge is hampered in part by the tremendous phenotypic diversity evident in craniofacial syndromes but is also due to our limited understanding of the signals and mechanisms governing normal craniofacial development and variation. The principles of Mendelian inheritance have uncovered the etiology of relatively few complex craniofacial traits and consequently, the variability of craniofacial syndromes and phenotypes both within families and between families is often attributed to variable gene expression and incomplete penetrance. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that phenotypic variation is often the result of combinatorial genetic and non-genetic factors. Major non-genetic factors include environmental effectors such as pregestational maternal diabetes, which is well-known to increase the risk of craniofacial birth defects. The hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes causes oxidative stress which in turn can result in genotoxic stress, DNA damage, metabolic alterations, and subsequently perturbed embryogenesis. In this review we explore the importance of gene-environment associations involving diabetes, oxidative stress, and DNA damage during cranial neural crest cell development, which may underpin the phenotypic variability observed in specific craniofacial syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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48
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Fan X, Loebel DAF, Bildsoe H, Wilkie EE, Qin J, Wang J, Tam PPL. Tissue interactions, cell signaling and transcriptional control in the cranial mesoderm during craniofacial development. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2016.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe cranial neural crest and the cranial mesoderm are the source of tissues from which the bone and cartilage of the skull, face and jaws are constructed. The development of the cranial mesoderm is not well studied, which is inconsistent with its importance in craniofacial morphogenesis as a source of precursor tissue of the chondrocranium, muscles, vasculature and connective tissues, mechanical support for tissue morphogenesis, and the signaling activity that mediate interactions with the cranial neural crest. Phenotypic analysis of conditional knockout mouse mutants, complemented by the transcriptome analysis of differentially enriched genes in the cranial mesoderm and cranial neural crest, have identified signaling pathways that may mediate cross-talk between the two tissues. In the cranial mesenchyme, Bmp4 is expressed in the mesoderm cells while its signaling activity could impact on both the mesoderm and the neural crest cells. In contrast, Fgf8 is predominantly expressed in the cranial neural crest cells and it influences skeletal development and myogenesis in the cranial mesoderm. WNT signaling, which emanates from the cranial neural crest cells, interacts with BMP and FGF signaling in monitoring the switch between tissue progenitor expansion and differentiation. The transcription factor Twist1, a critical molecular regulator of many aspects of craniofacial development, coordinates the activity of the above pathways in cranial mesoderm and cranial neural crest tissue compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Fan
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David A F Loebel
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Heidi Bildsoe
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Emilie E Wilkie
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
- Bioinformatics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale AZ 85259, USA
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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When to Say When-Reasons to Abort Surgery for Congenital Aural Atresia. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e476-e482. [PMID: 33534387 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine reasons for premature termination in surgery for congenital aural atresia (CAA). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING High-volume tertiary care center. PATIENTS Patients undergoing primary surgical repair of CAA whose surgeries were aborted for various indications. INTERVENTION Patients with CAA who underwent elective aural atresia surgery at the University of Virginia from July 2004 to January 2020 were identified from the medical record and an institutional database of patients with CAA. Patients undergoing revision surgery or surgery not for hearing correction were excluded. All included candidates were noted to be good surgical candidates for atresia repair based on preoperative Jahrsdoerfer score of 6 or greater. Reasons for terminating surgery prematurely were categorized by anatomical constraints (inability to identify middle ear space, position of the facial nerve, or other anatomic abnormality), stapes fixation, and middle ear and/or mastoid inflammatory disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reasons for premature termination in CAA surgery. RESULTS Over the interval, 319 patients underwent primary surgery for CAA. Surgery was terminated prematurely without completing the primary objective in 14 patients (4.4%); surgery was terminated in 8 (57%) due to anatomic constraints, 4 (29%) due to stapes fixation, and 2 (14%) due to middle ear space and/or mastoid inflammatory disease. CONCLUSIONS Premature termination in surgery for CAA is a rare occurrence with careful study of the preoperative high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. Of the reasons for premature termination, anatomic constraints were the most common. Knowing limitations in surgery-both technical and anatomic-is critical to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.
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Stieler KM, Röwert-Huber J, Vogt A, Meyer L, Ulrike BP. Cutaneous Cephalic Neurocristic Hamartoma on the Head With Melanocytic, Cartilage, Blood Vessel, Neural, and Bony Tissue. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:284-286. [PMID: 33201016 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We report on a congenital tumor of the face and scalp in a male newborn, histologically proven to contain melanocytes, cartilage, and bone, vascular, and neural tissue as part of a pigmented congenital tumor. Thus, this tumor was classified as a cutaneous cephalic neurocristic hamartoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Maria Stieler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Joachim Röwert-Huber
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Annika Vogt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Lutz Meyer
- GLG Werner Forßmann Klinikum Eberswalde, Center of Vascular Malformation, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Blume-Peytavi Ulrike
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany ; and
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