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Amemiya H, Yamamoto M, Higa K, Watanabe G, Taniguchi S, Kitamura K, Jeong J, Yanagisawa N, Fukuda KI, Abe S. Effects of Myostatin on Nuclear Morphology at the Myotendinous Junction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076634. [PMID: 37047606 PMCID: PMC10094852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (Myo) is known to suppress skeletal muscle growth, and was recently reported to control tendon homeostasis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regulatory involvement of Myo in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) in vivo and in vitro. After Achilles tendon injury in mice, we identified unexpected cell accumulation on the tendon side of the MTJ. At postoperative day 7 (POD7), the nuclei had an egg-like profile, whereas at POD28 they were spindle-shaped. The aspect ratio of nuclei on the tendon side of the MTJ differed significantly between POD7 and POD28 (p = 4.67 × 10−34). We then investigated Myo expression in the injured Achilles tendon. At the MTJ, Myo expression was significantly increased at POD28 relative to POD7 (p = 0.0309). To investigate the action of Myo in vitro, we then prepared laminated sheets of myoblasts (C2C12) and fibroblasts (NIH3T3) (a pseudo MTJ model). Myo did not affect the expression of Pax7 and desmin (markers of muscle development), scleraxis and temonodulin (markers of tendon development), or Sox9 (a common marker of muscle and tendon development) in the cell sheets. However, Myo changed the nuclear morphology of scleraxis-positive cells arrayed at the boundary between the myoblast sheet and the fibroblast sheet (aspect ratio of the cell nuclei, myostatin(+) vs. myostatin(-): p = 0.000134). Myo may strengthen the connection at the MTJ in the initial stages of growth and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Amemiya
- Division of Special Needs Dentistry and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Genji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nobuaki Yanagisawa
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomia, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0036, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Fukuda
- Division of Special Needs Dentistry and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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2
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Jin ZW, Aoki M, Ueda K, Kamimura G, Takeda-Harada A, Murakami G, Sato M. Human lymph node degeneration in the thoracic region: A morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis using surgically obtained specimens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:990801. [PMID: 36187759 PMCID: PMC9515507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.990801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node degeneration was examined in 539 mediastinal and intrapulmonary nodes removed from 78 patients, aged 49–82 years, without cancer metastasis. Medullary sinus hyalinization observed in 36.2% of the hilar and 38.5% of the interlobar nodes. Early and smaller lesions were eosinophilic and factor VIII-positive, whereas advanced and large lesions contained a bulky mass of collagenous fiber bundles with few slender cells positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and factor VIII, as well as anthracotic macrophages. Subcapsular sinus hyalinization, observed in 4.3% of hilar nodes, was detected as a thick fibrous layer (over 0.2 mm) between the surface cortex and the thickened capsule. The fibrous layer contained SMA-positive slender cells, whereas the thickened capsule contained fibers positive for elastin and factor VIII. These hyalinization lesions occupied 3.6% and 0.8% of the sectional areas of hilar and lower paratracheal nodes, respectively. Areas of early and small cortical degeneration, surrounded by fibers positive for SMA and vimentin, did not contain lymphocytes and macrophages, but contained abundant small stromal cells. Silver staining suggested that advanced cortical degeneration was composed of collagen fibrils other than type I. Fatty tissues, seen in 47.8% of hilar nodes, often extended into and replaced medullary sinus tissue. Island-like remnants of medullary sinuses in areas of fatty degeneration contained various stromal cells positive for SMA, elastin, factor VIII and/or CD34. These degenerative morphologies, however, did not correlate with either age or smoking index. The present cortical degeneration usually seemed to follow hyalinization, but both were likely to occur independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe-Wu Jin,
| | - Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ueda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Go Kamimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Aya Takeda-Harada
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Jin Z, Hayashi S, Rodríguez‐Vázquez JF, Murakami G, Abe S. Association between the developing sphenoid and adult morphology: A study using sagittal sections of the skull base from human embryos and fetuses. J Anat 2021; 239:1300-1317. [PMID: 34268732 PMCID: PMC8602018 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing sphenoid is regarded as a median cartilage mass (basisphenoid [BS]) with three cartilaginous processes (orbitosphenoid [OS], ala temporalis [AT], and alar process [AP]). The relationships of this initial configuration with the adult morphology are difficult to determine because of extensive membranous ossification along the cartilaginous elements. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the anatomical connections between each element of the fetal sphenoid and adult morphology. Sagittal sections from 25 embryos and fetuses of gestational age 6-34 weeks and crown-rump length 12-295 mm were therefore examined and compared with horizontal and frontal sections from the other 25 late-term fetuses (217-340 mm). The OS was identified as a set of three mutually attached cartilage bars in early fetuses. At all stages, the OS-post was continuous with the anterolateral part of the BS. The BS included the notochord and Rathke's pouch remnant in embryos and early fetuses. The dorsum sellae was absent from embryos, but it protruded from the BS in early fetuses before a fossa for the hypophysis became evident. Although not higher than the hypophysis at midterm, the dorsum sellae elongated superiorly after gestational age 25 weeks. In early fetuses, the AP was located on the side immediately anterior to the otic capsule. The AT developed on the side immediately posterior to the extraocular rectus muscles. At late term, the greater wing was formed by membranous bones from the AT and AP. The AT and AP formed a complex bridge between the BS and the greater wing. A small cartilage, future medial pterygoid process (PTmed) was located inferior to the AT in early fetuses. At midterm, one endochondral bone and multiple membranous bones formed the PTmed. The lateral pterygoid process (PTlat) was formed by a single membranous bone plate. Therefore, we connected fetal elements and the adult morphology as follows. (1) Derivative of the OS makes not only the lesser wing but also the anterior margin of the body of the sphenoid. (2) Derivatives of the BS are the body of the sphenoid including the sella turcica and the dorsum sellae. (3) Most of the greater wing including the foramen rotundum and the foramen oval originate from the AT and AP and multiple membranous bones. (4) The PTmed originate from endochondral bones and multiple membranous bones, while the PTlat derive from a single membranous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe‐Wu Jin
- Department of AnatomyWuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Department of AnatomySchool of MedicineInternational University of Health and WelfareNaritaJapan
| | | | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal MedicineCupid‐Fair ClinicIwamizawaJapan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of AnatomyTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
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Abe S, Yamamoto M. Factors Involved in Morphogenesis in the Muscle-Tendon-Bone Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6365. [PMID: 34198655 PMCID: PMC8232103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in the body's motor functions has been linked to decreased muscle mass and function in the oral cavity and throat; however, aging of the junctions of the muscles and bones has also been identified as an associated factor. Basic and clinical studies on the muscles, tendons and bones, each considered independently, have been published. In recent years, however, research has focused on muscle attachment as the muscle-tendon-bone complex from various perspectives, and there is a growing body of knowledge on SRY-box9 (Sox9) and Mohawk(Mkx), which has been identified as a common controlling factor and a key element. Myostatin, a factor that inhibits muscle growth, has been identified as a potential key element in the mechanisms of lifetime structural maintenance of the muscle-tendon-bone complex. Findings in recent studies have also uncovered aspects of the mechanisms of motor organ complex morphostasis in the superaged society of today and will lay the groundwork for treatments to prevent motor function decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
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Yamamoto M, Takada H, Ishizuka S, Kitamura K, Jeong J, Sato M, Hinata N, Abe S. Morphological association between the muscles and bones in the craniofacial region. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227301. [PMID: 31923241 PMCID: PMC6953862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The strains of inbred laboratory mice are isogenic and homogeneous for over 98.6% of their genomes. However, geometric morphometric studies have demonstrated clear differences among the skull shapes of various mice strains. The question now arises: why are skull shapes different among the mice strains? Epigenetic processes, such as morphological interaction between the muscles and bones, may cause differences in the skull shapes among various mice strains. To test these predictions, the objective of this study is to examine the morphological association between a specific part of the skull and its adjacent muscle. We examined C57BL6J, BALB/cA, and ICR mice on embryonic days (E) 12.5 and 16.5 as well as on postnatal days (P) 0, 10, and 90. As a result, we found morphological differences between C57BL6J and BALB/cA mice with respect to the inferior spine of the hypophyseal cartilage or basisphenoid (SP) and the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) during the prenatal and postnatal periods. There was a morphological correlation between the SP and the TVP in the C57BL6J, BALB/cA, and ICR mice during E15 and P0. However, there were not correlation between the TVP and the SP during P10. After discectomy, bone deformation was associated with a change in the shape of the adjacent muscle. Therefore, epigenetic modifications linked to the interaction between the muscles and bones might occur easily during the prenatal period, and inflammation seems to allow epigenetic modifications between the two to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Masaki Sato
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mechanism of muscle–tendon–bone complex development in the head. Anat Sci Int 2020; 95:165-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-019-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cho KH, Jang HS, Abe H, Yamamoto M, Murakami G, Shibata S. Fetal Development of Fasciae around the Arm and Thigh Muscles: A Study Using Late Stage Fetuses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1235-1243. [PMID: 29575697 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a better understanding of multi-laminar deep fascia covering skeletal muscles, we examined nondecalcified histological sections of the arm and thigh of 20 human fetuses aged 25-33 weeks. Morphologies of the fasciae varied between sites and specimens, but the initial morphology was most likely to be a thin and loose sheet on the external surface of the muscles (fascia-1 or F1). When the F1 became wavy, thick and tight, it was detached from the muscle surface. Beneath the F1, the second lamina of fascia (F2) appeared on the muscle surface and it was also detached. In this manner at 25-33 weeks' gestation, fasciae covering the triceps and vastus lateralis muscles had a three-layered configuration (F1, F2, and F3). Due to significant individual variations, this process was not correlated to the ages and sizes of specimens. Muscle contractions might facilitate the detachment. In these muscles, the intramuscular tendon joined the F2 or F3 and the latter became thick and aponeurotic. Along the finally developed lamina, muscle fibers carried a desmin-positive spot for insertion. Increased laminae were accompanied by a reduced number of CD68-positive macrophages and, nerves were absent, near the developing fascia. In contrast to skin ligaments or superficial fasciae showing de novo development in loose tissue, a deep or muscle-covering fascia seemed to originate from the skeletal muscle itself at the surface, and this process was repeated to produce multi-layered fascia. Depending on sites, collagen fibers were added by the intramuscular tendon. Anat Rec, 301:1235-1243, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Cho
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Jang
- Division of Physical Therapy, Ongoul Rehabilitation Hospital, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, 55097, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita City, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, 068-0833, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nara M, Kitamura K, Yamamoto M, Nagakura R, Mitomo K, Matsunaga S, Abe S. Developmental mechanism of muscle-tendon-bone complex in the fetal soft palate. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:71-78. [PMID: 28618344 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate how the palatine aponeurosis, medial pterygoid process (MPP) of the sphenoid bone, and tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle form the pulley: muscle-tendon-bone complex. DESIGN Mice at embryonic day (ED) 14-17 were used as sample in this study. Azan staining was performed to observe the morphology, and immunohistochemical staining of desmin was performed to closely observe the development of the myotendinous junction. To confirm the bone formation process, immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen (col II), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed. Furthermore, to objectively evaluate bone formation, the major axis and width of the MPP were measured, and osteoclasts that appeared in the MPP were counted. RESULTS At ED 14 and 14.5, ALP showed a reaction throughout the MPP. The col II-positive area expanded until ED 16.5, but it was markedly reduced at ED 17. The TVP initially contacted with the palatine aponeurosis at ED 16.5. The major axis and width of the MPP and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts were significantly increased as the TVP and palatine aponeurosis joined. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, in addition to the tissue units: muscle, tendon, and bone, the interaction in organogenesis promotes rapid growth of the pulley: muscle-tendon-bone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyuki Nara
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nagakura
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mitomo
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
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Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Honkura Y, Katori Y, Murakami G, Abe H. Fetal development of the pulley for muscle insertion tendons: A review and new findings related to the tensor tympani tendon. Ann Anat 2017; 209:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kim JH, Jin ZW, Murakami G, Cho BH. Characterization of mesenchymal cells beneath cornification of the fetal epithelium and epidermis at the face: an immunohistochemical study using human fetal specimens. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:50-60. [PMID: 27051567 PMCID: PMC4819077 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal development of the face involves a specific type of cornification in which keratinocytes provide a mass or plug to fill a cavity. The epithelial-mesenchymal interaction was likely to be different from that in the usual skin. We examined expression of intermediate filaments and other mesenchymal markers beneath cornification in the fetal face. Using sections from 5 mid-term human fetuses at 14–16 weeks, immunohistochemistry was conducted for cytokeratins (CK), vimentin, nestin, glial fibrilary acidic protein, desmin, CD34, CD68 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Fetal zygomatic skin was composed of a thin stratum corneum and a stratum basale (CK5/6+, CK14+, and CK19+) and, as the intermediate layer, 2–3 layered large keratinocytes with nucleus. The basal layer was lined by mono-layered mesenchymal cells (CD34+ and nestin+). Some of basal cells were PCNA-positive. In the keratinocyte plug at the external ear and nose, most cell nuclei expressed PCNA, CK5/6, CK14, and CK19. Vimentin-positive mesenchymal cells migrated into the plug. The PCNA-positive nucleus as well as mesenchymal cell migration was not seen in the lip margin in spite of the thick keratinocyte layer. The lingual epithelium were characterized by the CK7-positive stratum corneum as well as the thick mesenchymal papilla. CD68-positive macrophages were absent in the epidermis/epithelium. Being different from usual cornification of the skin, loss of a mesenchymal monolayer as well as superficial migration of mesenchymal cells might connect with a specific differentiation of keratinocyte to provide a plug at the fetal nose and ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Zhe Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Naito M, Suzuki R, Abe H, Rodriguez-Vazquez JF, Murakami G, Aizawa S. Fetal Development of the Human Obturator Internus Muscle With Special Reference to the Tendon and Pulley. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1282-93. [PMID: 25683268 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To examine the development of the tendon pulley of the obturator internus muscle (OI), we observed paraffin sections of 26 human embryos and fetuses (∼6-15 weeks of gestation). The OI was characterized by early maturation of the proximal tendon in contrast to the delayed development of the distal tendon. At 6 weeks, the ischium corresponded to a simple round mass similar to the tuberosity in adults. At 8 weeks, before development of the definite lesser notch of the ischium, initial muscle fibers of the OI, running along the antero-posterior axis, converged onto a thick and tight but short tendon running along the left-right axis. Thus, at the beginning of development, the OI muscle belly and tendon met almost at a right angle. At 10 weeks, the OI tendon extended inferiorly along the sciatic nerve, but the distal part remained thin and loose and it was embedded in the gluteus medius tendon. At 15 weeks, in association with the gemellus muscles, the distal OI tendon was established. The mechanically strong sciatic nerve was first likely to catch the OI muscle fibers to provide a temporary insertion. Next, the ischium developing upward seemed to push the tendon to make the turn more acute along the cartilaginous ridge. Finally, the gemellus muscle appeared to provide inferior traction to the OI tendon for separation from the gluteus medius to create the final, independent insertion. Without such guidance, the piriformis tendon first attached to the OI tendon and then merged with the gluteus medius tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-Kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Shin Aizawa
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kobayashi F, Yamamoto M, Kitamura K, Asuka K, Kinoshita H, Matsunaga S, Abe SI. Desmin and Vimentin Expression during Embryonic Development of Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kishi Asuka
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry
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Yamamoto M, Shinomiya T, Kishi A, Yamane S, Umezawa T, Ide Y, Abe S. Desmin and nerve terminal expression during embryonic development of the lateral pterygoid muscle in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:871-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The urethral rhabdosphincter, levator ani muscle, and perineal membrane: a review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:906921. [PMID: 24877147 PMCID: PMC4022307 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the rhabdosphincter and adjacent tissues is mandatory during urologic surgery to ensure reliable oncologic and functional outcomes. To characterize the levator ani (LA) function for the urethral sphincter, we described connective tissue morphology between the LA and urethral rhabdosphincter. The interface tissue between the LA and rhabdosphincter area in males contained abundant irregularly arrayed elastic fibers and smooth muscles. The male rhabdosphincter was positioned alongside the LA to divide the elevation force and not in-series along the axis of LA contraction. The male perineal membrane was thin but solid and extends along the inferior margin or bottom of the rhabdosphincter area. In contrast, the female rhabdosphincter, including the compressor urethrae and urethrovaginal sphincter muscles, was embedded in the elastic fiber mesh that is continuous with the thick, multilaminar perineal membrane. The inferomedial edge of the female LA was attached to the upper surface of the perineal membrane and not directly attached to the rhabdosphincter. We presented new diagrams showing the gender differences in topographical anatomy of the LA and rhabdosphincter.
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Uchiyama E, Kim JH, Abe H, Cho BH, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Murakami G. Fetal development of ligaments around the tarsal bones with special reference to contribution of muscles. Clin Anat 2014; 27:389-98. [PMID: 23712742 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Through a histological examination of eight mid-term human fetuses (10-15 weeks) and seven late-stage fetuses (30-34 weeks), we attempted to determine how and when fetal ligaments around the tarsal bones form the regular arrangement seen in adults. Ligaments along the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones developed early as an elongation of the perichondrium, in contrast to the late development of the plantar-sided ligaments. In contrast, a distal elongation of the tibialis posterior tendon was a limited plantar ligament in the early stage; finally, it extended from the navicular, ran obliquely to cross the dorsal side of the fibularis longus tendon, and inserted to the lateral cuneiform and fourth metatarsal. In the late stage, the adductor hallucis muscle origin provided multiple ligamentous structures along the cuneiforms and metatarsals. The tarsal sinus contained multiple fibrous bundles (possibly, the putative interosseous talocalcanean ligaments) that were derived from (1) insertion tendons of the extensor digitorus brevis muscle and (2) the fibrous sheath of the extensor digitorus longus tendon. The aponeurotic origin of the quadratus plantae muscle seemed to contribute to formation of the long plantar ligament. Therefore, tarsal ligaments appeared likely to develop from the long tendons, their fibrous sheaths and aponeuroses and intramuscular tendons of the proper foot muscles. Under in utero conditions with little or no stress from the plantar side of the foot, the muscle-associated connective tissue seems to play a crucial role in providing a regular arrangement of the ligaments in accordance with tensile stress from muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Uchiyama
- Department of Basic Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Science, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Kikuchi R, Yamamoto M, Kitamura K, Shiozaki K, Kishi A, Usami A, Abe S. Medial Pterygoid initiated the Growth of the Mandible through Premature Muscle Contraction. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.23.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Kim JH, Parkkila S, Shibata S, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Cho BH. Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in human fetal joints, ligaments and tendons: a potential marker of mechanical stress in fetal development? Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:272-84. [PMID: 24386600 PMCID: PMC3875845 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase type IX (CA9) is known to express in the fetal joint cartilage to maintain pH against hypoxia. Using paraffin-embedded histology of 10 human fetuses at 10-16 weeks of gestation with an aid of immunohistochemistry of the intermediate filaments, matrix components (collagen types I and II, aggrecan, versican, fibronectin, tenascin, and hyaluronan) and CA9, we observed all joints and most of the entheses in the body. At any stages examined, CA9-poisitive cells were seen in the intervertebral disk and all joint cartilages including those of the facet joint of the vertebral column, but the accumulation area was reduced in the larger specimens. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), one of the intermediate filaments, expressed in a part of the CA9-positive cartilages. Developing elastic cartilages were positive both of CA9 and GFAP. Notably, parts of the tendon or ligament facing to the joint, such as the joint surface of the annular ligament of the radius, were also positive for CA9. A distribution of each matrix components examined was not same as CA9. The bone-tendon and bone-ligament interface expressed CA9, but the duration at a site was limited to 3-4 weeks because the positive site was changed between stages. Thus, in the fetal entheses, CA9 expression displayed highly stage-dependent and site-dependent manners. CA9 in the fetal entheses seemed to play an additional role, but it was most likely to be useful as an excellent marker of mechanical stress at the start of enthesis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Bioscience and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Department of Maxillofacial Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Hosaka F, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe H, Murakami G, Fujimiya M, Ohguro H. Qualitative changes in fetal trabecular meshwork fibers at the human iridocorneal angle. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:49-56. [PMID: 23560236 PMCID: PMC3615612 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a series of changes that occur in the trabecular meshwork fibers of human eyes during fetal development at 12-30 weeks of gestation. At 12 and 15 weeks, the uveal meshwork was stained black with silver impregnation (indicating the predominance of collagen types III and IV) in the endomysium of the ciliary muscle. At 20 weeks, in combination with Schlemm's canal, a dense fibrous tissue mass corresponding to the trabecular meshwork anlage appeared and was colored black. The anlage was continuous with the corneal endothelium rather than with the ciliary muscle. Until 25 weeks, the trabecular meshwork was identifiable as fragmented fiber bundles that stained red-black, suggesting a mixture of collagen types I, III, and IV. At 30 weeks, half of the ciliary muscle fibers were inserted into the scleral spur and not into the meshwork. Therefore, any contribution of ciliary muscle contraction to the differentiation of the trabecular meshwork would appear to be limited. We hypothesize that an uneven distribution of mechanical stresses in the area of the cornea-sclera junction causes a tear thereby creating Schlemm's canal and is accompanied by a change in the collagen fiber types comprising the meshwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Hosaka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Iwamizawa Municipal Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
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19
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Kim JH, Abe S, Shibata S, Asakawa S, Maki H, Murakami G, Cho BH. Dense distribution of macrophages in flexor aspects of the hand and foot of mid-term human fetuses. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 45:259-67. [PMID: 23301193 PMCID: PMC3531589 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2012.45.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing human musculoskeletal system, cell death with macrophage accumulation occurs in the thigh muscle and interdigital area. To comprehensively clarify the distribution of macrophages, we immunohistochemically examined 16 pairs of upper and lower extremities without the hip joint (left and right sides) obtained from 8 human fetuses at approximately 10-15 weeks of gestation. Rather than in muscles, CD68-positive macrophages were densely distributed in loose connective tissues of the flexor aspects of the extremities, especially in the wrist, hand and foot. In contrast, no or fewer macrophages were evident in the shoulder and the extensor aspects of the extremities. The macrophages were not concentrated at the enthesis of the tendon and ligament, but tended to be arranged along other connective tissue fibers. Deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling revealed apoptosis in the hand lumbricalis muscles, but not in the area of macrophage accumulation. Likewise, podoplanin-positive lymphatic vessels were not localized to areas of macrophage accumulation. Re-organization of the connective tissue along and around the flexor tendons of the hand and foot, such as development of the bursa or tendon sheath at 10-15 weeks, might require the phagocytotic function of macrophages, although details of the mechanism remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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20
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Abe S, Nakao T, Yoshimoto T, Yoshihito T, Parkkila S, Murakami G, Cho BH. Expression of carbonic anhydrase in the fetal eye and extra-ocular tissues. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2013; 90:59-68. [PMID: 24670491 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.90.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) plays a critical functional role in the ciliary body and retina for maintenance of microenvironment. With immunohistochemistry using orbital contents from 8 human fetuses (12-16 weeks of gestation), we examined expressions of CAs isozymes-1, 2, 3, 6, 7 9 and 12 and found strong reactivity of CA9 in extra-ocular fibrous tissues in the anterior and posterior eyes. CA9 is known to express in the fetal joint cartilage to maintain pH against hypoxia: actually, in the present specimens, the SO pulley and its tendon was strongly positive for CA9. The CA9-positive anterior fibrous tissues were positive for smooth muscle actin and connected the orbital aspect of the 4 rectus muscle with the palpebral conjunctiva, whereas the posterior tissue was negative for smooth muscle actin and corresponded to the lateral insertion tendon of the orbitalis muscle. The anterior CA9-positve tissues seemed to correspond to the primitive form of the sleeve and pulley system. Any of matrix substances (collagen types I and II, aggrecan, versican, fibronectin, tenascin and hyaluronan) displayed a distribution pattern specific for the CA9-positive fibrous tissues. Therefore, whether or not CA9 was positive in the fibrous tissue seemed not to depend on the tissue components such as the extracellular matrix and intermediate filaments but to suggest a stressful condition such as hypoxia, unsuitable base balance and/or under mechanical stress.
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Schlecht SH. Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:1239-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Gene and protein expressions of vimentin and desmin during embryonic development of the mylohyoid muscle. Anat Sci Int 2012; 87:126-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-012-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Katori Y, Yamamoto M, Asakawa S, Maki H, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Murakami G, Abe S. Fetal developmental change in topographical relationship between the human lateral pterygoid muscle and buccal nerve. J Anat 2012; 220:384-95. [PMID: 22352373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In adults, the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is usually divided into the upper and lower heads, between which the buccal nerve passes. Using sagittal or horizontal sections of 14 fetuses and seven embryos (five specimens at approximately 20-25 weeks; five at 14-16 weeks; four at 8 weeks; seven at 6-7 weeks), we examined the topographical relationship between the LPM and the buccal nerve. In large fetuses later than 15 weeks, the upper head of the LPM was clearly discriminated from the lower head. However, the upper head was much smaller than the lower head in the smaller fetuses. Thus, in the latter, the upper head was better described as an 'anterior slip' extending from the lower head or the major muscle mass to the anterior side of the buccal nerve. The postero-anterior nerve course seemed to be determined by a branch to the temporalis muscle (i.e. the anterior deep temporal nerve). At 8 weeks, the buccal nerve passed through the roof of the small, fan-like LPM. At 6-7 weeks, the LPM anlage was embedded between the temporobuccal nerve trunk and the inferior alveolar nerve. Therefore, parts of the LPM were likely to 'leak' out of slits between the origins of the mandibular nerve branches at 7-8 weeks, and seemed to grow in size during weeks 14-20 and extend anterosuperiorly along the infratemporal surface of the prominently developing greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Consequently, the topographical relationship between the LPM and the buccal nerve appeared to 'change' during fetal development due to delayed development of the upper head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Katori
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Sendai Municipal Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
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Kikuchi A, Kishi A, Yamamoto M, Yamane S, Umezawa T, Ide Y, Abe S. Expression of Intermediate Filaments in the Development of Genioglossus Muscle. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.21.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Abe H, Ishizawa A, Cho KH, Suzuki R, Fujimiya M, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Murakami G. Fetal development of the transverse atlantis and alar ligaments at the craniovertebral junction. Clin Anat 2011; 25:714-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Sato T, Koizumi M, Kim JH, Kim JH, Wang BJ, Murakami G, Cho BH. Fetal development of deep back muscles in the human thoracic region with a focus on transversospinalis muscles and the medial branch of the spinal nerve posterior ramus. J Anat 2011; 219:756-65. [PMID: 21954879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal development of human deep back muscles has not yet been fully described, possibly because of the difficulty in identifying muscle bundle directions in horizontal sections. Here, we prepared near-frontal sections along the thoracic back skin (eight fetuses) as well as horizontal sections (six fetuses) from 14 mid-term fetuses at 9-15 weeks of gestation. In the deep side of the trapezius and rhomboideus muscles, the CD34-positive thoracolumbar fascia was evident even at 9 weeks. Desmin-reactivity was strong and homogeneous in the superficial muscle fibers in contrast to the spotty expression in the deep fibers. Thus, in back muscles, formation of the myotendinous junction may start from the superficial muscles and advance to the deep muscles. The fact that developing intramuscular tendons were desmin-negative suggested little possibility of a secondary change from the muscle fibers to tendons. We found no prospective spinalis muscle or its tendinous connections with other muscles. Instead, abundant CD68-positive macrophages along the spinous process at 15 weeks suggested a change in muscle attachment, an event that may result in a later formation of the spinalis muscle. S100-positive intramuscular nerves exhibited downward courses from the multifidus longus muscle in the original segment to the rotatores brevis muscles in the inferiorly adjacent level. The medial cutaneous nerve had already reached the thoracolumbar fascia at 9 weeks, but by 15 weeks the nerve could not penetrate the trapezius muscle. Finally, we propose a folded myotomal model of the primitive transversospinalis muscle that seems to explain a fact that the roofing tile-like configuration of nerve twigs in the semispinalis muscle is reversed in the multifidus and rotatores muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Sato
- Division of Basic Sciences, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Abe SI, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Ide Y. Immunohistochemical distribution of desmin in the human fetal heart. J Anat 2011; 219:253-8. [PMID: 21496015 PMCID: PMC3162244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin is a member of the intermediate filaments, which play crucial roles in the maturation, maintenance and recovery of muscle fibers. Its expression has been examined in human cardiac muscle, rat and chicken, but its spatial distribution in the human fetal heart has not been described. The present study investigated desmin expression in the human fetal heart and associated great vessels in 14 mid-term fetuses from 9 to 18 weeks of gestation. Immunoreactivity for myosin heavy chain (MHC) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as well as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), was also examined. Increased expression of desmin from 9 to 18 weeks was clearly localized in the atrial wall, the proximal portions of the pulmonary vein and vena cava, and around the atrioventricular node. Desmin-positive structures were also positive for MHC. Meanwhile, the great vessels were also positive for α-SMA. The distribution of desmin exhibited a pattern quite different from that described in previous studies of rat and chicken. Thus, desmin in the human fetal heart does not seem to play a general role in myocardial differentiation but rather a specific role closely related to the maturation of the α-isozyme of MHC. Desmin expression in the developing fetal heart also appeared to be induced by mechanical stress due to the involvement of venous walls against the atrium.
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Abe SI, Kikuchi R, Nakao T, Cho BH, Murakami G, Ide Y. Nerve terminal distribution in the human tongue intrinsic muscles: An immunohistochemical study using midterm fetuses. Clin Anat 2011; 25:189-97. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.21201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Katori Y, Hyun Kim J, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Kawase T, Murakami G, Hwan Cho B. Early fetal development of the intermediate tendon of the human digastricus and omohyoideus muscles: a critical difference in histogenesis. Clin Anat 2011; 24:843-52. [PMID: 21538565 DOI: 10.1002/ca.21182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The digastricus and omohyoideus muscles are known to carry two muscle bellies connected by an intermediate tendon. However, according to our histological observations of 22 fetuses (7-20 weeks of gestation), the mode of formation of the intermediate tendon was critically different between these two muscles. At 7-9 weeks, the posterior belly of the digastricus carried a definite intramuscular tendon continuous with a long descending tendon. The stylohyoideus, external carotid artery and hypoglossal nerve appeared to impede attachment of the tendon to the Reichert or hyoid cartilage. The digastricus anterior belly did not contain any intramuscular tendon, but desmin-positive muscle fibers consistently surrounded a bulb-like mesenchymal condensation at the caudal free end of the digastricus posterior tendon. Thus, most parts of the digastricus tendon were apparently derived from the posterior belly. In contrast, the omohyoideus always possessed a single long muscle belly until 15 weeks. The intermediate tendon first appeared at 15 weeks as a short plate-like connective structure along the medial margin of the muscle. Vimentin immunoreactivity suggested the presence of mechanical stress along the plate-like tissue, possibly due to bending of the long muscle. Muscle fibers were replaced by collagen fibers to form an intermediate tendon by 20 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Katori
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Sendai Municipal Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Abe S, Nakamura T, Rodriguez-Vazquez JF, Murakami G, Ide Y. Early fetal development of the rotator interval region of the shoulder with special reference to topographical relationships among related tendons and ligaments. Surg Radiol Anat 2011; 33:609-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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