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Zhang W, Jiménez-Jiménez Á, Capellades M, Rencoret J, Kashyap A, Coll NS. Determination of De Novo Suberin-Lignin Ferulate Deposition in Xylem Tissue Upon Vascular Pathogen Attack. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:117-127. [PMID: 37897604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant vascular pathogens use different ways to reach the xylem vessels and cause devastating diseases in plants. Resistant and tolerant plants have evolved various defense mechanisms against vascular pathogens. Inducible physico-chemical structures, such as the formation of tyloses and wall reinforcements with phenolic polymers, are very effective barriers that confine the pathogen and prevent colonization. Here, we use a combination of classical histochemistry along with bright-field and fluorescence microscopy and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy to visualize and characterize wall reinforcements containing phenolic wall polymers, namely, lignin, ferulates, and suberin, which occur in different xylem vasculature in response to pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Álvaro Jiménez-Jiménez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capellades
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Núria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Yaqoob HS, Shoaib A, Anwar A, Perveen S, Javed S, Mehnaz S. Seed biopriming with Ochrobactrum ciceri mediated defense responses in Zea mays (L.) against Fusarium rot. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:49-66. [PMID: 38435857 PMCID: PMC10902241 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Seed bio-priming is a simple and friendly technique to improve stress resilience against fungal diseases in plants. An integrated approach of maize seeds biopriming with Ochrobactrum ciceri was applied in Zn-amended soil to observe the response against Fusarium rot disease of Zea mays (L.) caused by Fusarium verticillioides. Initially, the pathogen isolated from the infected corn was identified as F. verticillioides based on morphology and sequences of the internally transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene. Re-inoculation of maize seed with the isolated pathogen confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungus on the maize seeds. In vitro, the inhibitory potential of O. ciceri assessed on Zn-amended/un-amended growth medium revealed that antifungal potential of O. ciceri significantly improved in the Zn-amended medium, leading to 88% inhibition in fungal growth. Further assays with different concentrations (25, 50, and 75%) of cell pellet and the cultural filtrate of O. ciceri (with/without the Zn-amendment) showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of the pathogen that also led to discoloration, fragmentation, and complete disintegration of the fungus hyphae and spores at 75% dose. In planta, biopriming of maize seeds with O. ciceri significantly managed disease, improved the growth and biochemical attributes (up to two-fold), and accelerated accumulation of lignin, polyphenols, and starch, especially in the presence of basal Zn. The results indicated that bioprimed seeds along with Zn as the most promising treatment for managing disease and improving plant growth traits through the enhanced accumulation of lignin, polyphenols, and starch, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Sibgha Yaqoob
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shoaib
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Javed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samina Mehnaz
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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Cardoni M, Mercado-Blanco J. Confronting stresses affecting olive cultivation from the holobiont perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261754. [PMID: 38023867 PMCID: PMC10661416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The holobiont concept has revolutionized our understanding of plant-associated microbiomes and their significance for the development, fitness, growth and resilience of their host plants. The olive tree holds an iconic status within the Mediterranean Basin. Innovative changes introduced in olive cropping systems, driven by the increasing demand of its derived products, are not only modifying the traditional landscape of this relevant commodity but may also imply that either traditional or emerging stresses can affect it in ways yet to be thoroughly investigated. Incomplete information is currently available about the impact of abiotic and biotic pressures on the olive holobiont, what includes the specific features of its associated microbiome in relation to the host's structural, chemical, genetic and physiological traits. This comprehensive review consolidates the existing knowledge about stress factors affecting olive cultivation and compiles the information available of the microbiota associated with different olive tissues and organs. We aim to offer, based on the existing evidence, an insightful perspective of diverse stressing factors that may disturb the structure, composition and network interactions of the olive-associated microbial communities, underscoring the importance to adopt a more holistic methodology. The identification of knowledge gaps emphasizes the need for multilevel research approaches and to consider the holobiont conceptual framework in future investigations. By doing so, more powerful tools to promote olive's health, productivity and resilience can be envisaged. These tools may assist in the designing of more sustainable agronomic practices and novel breeding strategies to effectively face evolving environmental challenges and the growing demand of high quality food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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4
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Chang B, Zhao L, Feng Z, Wei F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huo P, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Feng H. Galactosyltransferase GhRFS6 interacting with GhOPR9 involved in defense against Verticillium wilt in cotton. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111582. [PMID: 36632889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae causes Verticillium wilt (VW), one of the most devastating diseases of cotton. In a previous study showed that GhOPR9 played a positive role in resistance of cotton to VW through the regulation of the Jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Furtherly, we also found that GhOPR9 interacted with a sucrose galactosyltransferase GhRFS6. Raffinose synthase (RFS) plays a key role in plant innate immunity, including the abiotic stress of drought, darkness. However, there were few reports on the effects of RFS on biotic stress. In this study, we verified the function of GhRFS6 to VW. The expression analysis showed that the GhRFS6 may be regulated by various stresses, and it was upregulated under Vd076 and Vd991 pressures. Inhibition of GhRFS6 expression, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, lignin content, cell wall thickness and a series of defense responses were decreased, and the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae was decreased. In addition, this study showed that GhRFS6 has glycosyltransferase activity and can participate in the regulation of α-galactosidase activity and raffinose and inositol synthesis. And that galactose was accumulated in cotton roots after GhRFS6 silencing, which is beneficial for the colonization and growth of V. dahliae. Furthermore, overexpression of GhRFS6 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced plant resistance to V. dahliae. In GUS staining, the promoter expression position of GhRFS6 was also altered after V. dahliae infection. Meanwhile, GhRFS6 has also been shown to resist VW through the regulation of the JA pathway. These results suggest that GhRFS6 is a potential molecular target for improving cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Peng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hongjie Feng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, China.
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5
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Kashyap A, Jiménez-Jiménez ÁL, Zhang W, Capellades M, Srinivasan S, Laromaine A, Serra O, Figueras M, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Valls M, Coll NS. Induced ligno-suberin vascular coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides restrict Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in resistant tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1411-1429. [PMID: 35152435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato varieties resistant to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum have the ability to restrict bacterial movement in the plant. Inducible vascular cell wall reinforcements seem to play a key role in confining R. solanacearum into the xylem vasculature of resistant tomato. However, the type of compounds involved in such vascular physico-chemical barriers remain understudied, while being a key component of resistance. Here we use a combination of histological and live-imaging techniques, together with spectroscopy and gene expression analysis to understand the nature of R. solanacearum-induced formation of vascular coatings in resistant tomato. We describe that resistant tomato specifically responds to infection by assembling a vascular structural barrier formed by a ligno-suberin coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Further, we show that overexpressing genes of the ligno-suberin pathway in a commercial susceptible variety of tomato restricts R. solanacearum movement inside the plant and slows disease progression, enhancing resistance to the pathogen. We propose that the induced barrier in resistant plants does not only restrict the movement of the pathogen, but may also prevent cell wall degradation by the pathogen and confer anti-microbial properties, effectively contributing to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Weiqi Zhang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capellades
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sumithra Srinivasan
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Ali M, Ahmad H, Amin B, Atif MJ, Cheng Z. Induce defense response of DADS in eggplants during the biotrophic phase of Verticillium dahliae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 35379184 PMCID: PMC8981950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Verticillium wilt is a destructive vascular disease in eggplants. The complex defensive mechanisms of eggplant against this disease are very limited. METHODS Our work examined the bioactive properties of garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) as potential biostimulants for defense against V. dahliae in eggplant seedlings. We, therefore, foliar sprayed DADS on eggplants to study the defense response during the early biotrophic phase of V. dahliae (a hemibiotroph). RESULTS DADS application significantly increased root peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and reduced H2O2 levels after 24 h of fungal inoculation. Salicylic acid (SA) in leaves and roots was significantly increased while, the jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were decreased. The microscopic examinations of V. dahliae infection in roots displayed that the progression of infection was restricted in DADS-treated plants. Depositions of lignin and phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid content were significantly higher in DADS-treated plants at 48 h post-inoculation. Similarly, the DADS application up-regulated pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR2, and PR5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK1), and lipoxygenase (LOX) genes. Furthermore, DADS-treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (23.3% vs. 57.0% in controls), indicating successful defense against V. dahliae. CONCLUSIONS Our findings concluded that the biological function of garlic allelochemical DADS has a prominent role in the higher defense resistance of eggplants during the early infection of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bakht Amin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Dong X, Liu JJ, Zhao DG. Identification of a novel laccase gene EuLAC1 and its potential resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:215-225. [PMID: 35133564 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel laccase gene, EuLAC1, was cloned from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides). An overexpression vector harboring the EuLAC1 was constructed and introduced into the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). The laccase activity, resistance to Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) and lignin level in wild-type and transgenic plants were thereafter investigated. Interestingly, the transgenic tobacco displayed a significantly higher laccase activity and resistance to gray mold as compared to the wild-type tobacco. Additionally, the lignin contents in the leaves and stems of the transgenic tobacco were significantly higher in comparison to the wild-type tobacco. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the cross sections of wild-type and transgenic tobacco stems and it was noted that the cell wall near the xylem catheter of the transgenic tobacco was substantially thicker and the outline clearer than that of the wild-type. Thus, the EuLAC1 gene can significantly increase laccase activity and lignin content in tobacco, leading to an increase in the physical defenses, thereby increasing tobacco resistance to gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhao
- College of Tea Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yuqian Liu
- College of Tea Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- College of Tea Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- College of Tea Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - De-Gang Zhao
- College of Tea Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China
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8
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Li H, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Xie W, Guo Y, Wang Y, Li K, Guo J, Zhu QH, Zhang X, Jia KP, Miao Y. Identification and Characterization of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Encoding Genes Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:840397. [PMID: 35574065 PMCID: PMC9096875 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Lignin in the cell wall forms a physical barrier to inhibit pathogen invasion, and defense-induced lignification reinforces secondary cell wall to prevent pathogens from further spreading. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs) catalyze the production of three main monolignols, p-coumaryl- (H), coniferyl- (G), and sinapyl-alcohols (S), which are the fundamental blocks of lignin. Here, we identified CAD genes in G. hirsutum, analyzed their expression profiles in cotton leaf, stem, and root from different developmental stages, and selected GhCAD35, GhCAD45, and GhCAD43, which were consistently induced by V. dahliae inoculation in G. hirsutum cultivars resistant or susceptible to V. dahliae. On the basis of confirmation of the in vitro enzymatic activity of the three proteins in generation of the three monolignols, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to investigate the effects of silencing of GhCAD35, GhCAD45, or GhCAD43 on resistance to V. dahliae as well as on deposition and the composition of lignin. Silencing each of the three CADs impaired the defense-induced lignification and salicylic acid biosynthesis in stem, and compromised resistance to V. dahliae. Moreover, our study showed that silencing the three GhCADs severely affected the biosynthesis of S-lignin, leading to a decrease of the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio. Heterogeneous overexpression of GhCAD35, GhCAD45, or GhCAD43 in Arabidopsis enhanced disease resistance. Taken together, our study demonstrates a role of the three GhCADs in defense-induced lignin biosynthesis and resistance to V. dahliae in G. hirsutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xulong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yutao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Kun-Peng Jia,
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Yuchen Miao,
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9
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Xie L, Wu Y, Duan X, Li T, Jiang Y. Proteomic and physiological analysis provides an elucidation of Fusarium proliferatum infection causing crown rot on banana fruit. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126952. [PMID: 34968824 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum causes the crown rot of harvested banana fruit but the underling infection mechanism remains unclear. Here, proteomic changes of the banana peel with and without inoculation of F. proliferatum were evaluated. In addition, we investigated the effects of F. proliferatum infection on cell structure, hormone content, primary metabolites and defense-related enzyme activities in the banana peel. Our results showed that F. proliferatum infection mainly affects cell wall components and inhibits the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and chitinase. Gel free quantitative proteomic analysis showed 92 down-regulated and 29 up-regulated proteins of banana peel after F. proliferatum infection. These proteins were mainly related to defense response to biotic stress, chloroplast structure and function, JA signaling pathway, and primary metabolism. Although jasmonic acid (JA) content and JA signaling component coronatine-insensitive (COI) protein were induced by F. proliferatum infection, JA-responsible defense genes/proteins were downregulated. In contrast, expression of senescence-related genes was induced by F. proliferatum, indicating that F. proliferatum modulated the JA signaling to accelerate the senescence of banana fruit. Additionally, salicylic acid (SA) content and SA signaling for resistance acquisition were inhibited by F. proliferatum. Taken together, these results suggest that F. proliferatum depolymerizes the cell wall barrier, impairs the defense system in banana fruit, and activates non-defensive JA-signaling pathway accelerated the senescence of banana fruit. This study provided the elucidation of the prominent pathways disturbed by F. proliferatum in banana fruit, which will facilitate the development of a new strategy to control crown rot of banana fruit and improvement of banana cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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10
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Zhang Z, Long Y, Yin X, Yang S. Sulfur-Induced Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via Triggering Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312710. [PMID: 34884527 PMCID: PMC8657834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur has been previously reported to modulate plant growth and exhibit significant anti-microbial activities. However, the mechanism underlying its diverse effects on plant pathogens has not been elucidated completely. The present study conducted the two-year field experiment of sulfur application to control kiwifruit canker from 2017 to 2018. For the first time, our study uncovered activation of plant disease resistance by salicylic acid after sulfur application in kiwifruit. The results indicated that when the sulfur concentration was 1.5–2.0 kg m−3, the induced effect of kiwifruit canker reached more than 70%. Meanwhile, a salicylic acid high lever was accompanied by the decline of jasmonic acid. Further analysis revealed the high expression of the defense gene, especially AcPR-1, which is a marker of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, AcICS1, another critical gene of salicylic acid synthesis, was also highly expressed. All contributed to the synthesis of increasing salicylic acid content in kiwifruit leaves. Moreover, the first key lignin biosynthetic AcPAL gene was marked up-regulated. Thereafter, accumulation of lignin content in the kiwifruit stem and the higher deposition of lignin were visible in histochemical analysis. Moreover, the activity of the endochitinase activity of kiwifruit leaves increased significantly. We suggest that the sulfur-induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via salicylic activates systemic acquired resistance to enhance plant immune response in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Youhua Long
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianhui Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Sen Yang
- Kiwifruit Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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11
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Sebastià P, de Pedro-Jové R, Daubech B, Kashyap A, Coll NS, Valls M. The Bacterial Wilt Reservoir Host Solanum dulcamara Shows Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:755708. [PMID: 34868145 PMCID: PMC8636001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.755708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt, a devastating plant disease, responsible for serious losses on many crop plants. R. solanacearum phylotype II-B1 strains have caused important outbreaks in temperate regions, where the pathogen has been identified inside asymptomatic bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) plants near rivers and in potato fields. S. dulcamara is a perennial species described as a reservoir host where R. solanacearum can overwinter, but their interaction remains uncharacterised. In this study, we have systematically analysed R. solanacearum infection in S. dulcamara, dissecting the behaviour of this plant compared with susceptible hosts such as tomato cv. Marmande, for which the interaction is well described. Compared with susceptible tomatoes, S. dulcamara plants (i) show delayed symptomatology and bacterial progression, (ii) restrict bacterial movement inside and between xylem vessels, (iii) limit bacterial root colonisation, and (iv) show constitutively higher lignification in the stem. Taken together, these results demonstrate that S. dulcamara behaves as partially resistant to bacterial wilt, a property that is enhanced at lower temperatures. This study proves that tolerance (i.e., the capacity to reduce the negative effects of infection) is not required for a wild plant to act as a reservoir host. We propose that inherent resistance (impediment to colonisation) and a perennial habit enable bittersweet plants to behave as reservoirs for R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sebastià
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roger de Pedro-Jové
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit Daubech
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria S. Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Romero-Puertas MC, Terrón-Camero LC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Molina-Moya E, Sandalio LM. An update on redox signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress crosstalk: insights from cadmium and fungal pathogen interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5857-5875. [PMID: 34111283 PMCID: PMC8355756 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex signalling pathways are involved in plant protection against single and combined stresses. Plants are able to coordinate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming and display a unique programme of transcriptional responses to a combination of stresses that differs from the response to single stresses. However, a significant overlap between pathways and some defence genes in the form of shared and general stress-responsive genes appears to be commonly involved in responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as redox signals, are key molecules involved at the crossroads of the perception of different stress factors and the regulation of both specific and general plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on crosstalk between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to possible plant protection against pathogens caused by previous abiotic stress. Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptome data from cadmium- and fungal pathogen-treated plants focusing on redox gene ontology categories were carried out to gain a better understanding of common plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the complex network involved in plant responses to changes in their environment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra” (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
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13
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Javed S, Javaid A, Hanif U, Bahadur S, Sultana S, Shuaib M, Ali S. Effect of necrotrophic fungus and PGPR on the comparative histochemistry of Vigna radiata by using multiple microscopic techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2737-2748. [PMID: 34028133 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in the field of pathogen detection have opened new opportunities and better understanding for their management approaches. Aim of this study was to elucidate histopathological observations of different tissues affected by Macrophomina phaseolina and to observe the defense responses of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in mungbean plants. Sections of the stem and root were prepared and stained with ferric chloride, Lugol's iodine and Wiesner's reagent and were then observed under multiple microscopic techniques. Results revealed that both pathogen and PGPR produce responses on the plant that include colonization of xylem vessels by hyphae and sclerotia, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the cells, destruction of xylem fibers and amyloplasts in parenchymatous cells; and production of gels by the plant were observed. There was a significant increase in lignin and phenolic compounds deposition in stem and root sections of PGPR treated and non-treated mungbean plants. Whereas the soil amended with PGPR showed very less to no starch production. Moreover, production of gels and gums were also observed in both stem and root sections. Compared to light microscopy, scanning electron microscope provided greater depth of focus and resolution of the pathogen attack on plant tissues, associated bacteria. As a whole, the data demonstrated that inoculation of PGPR can be an effective strategy to stimulate plant growth and they could significantly activate disease resistance against M. phaseolina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Javed
- Institute of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Javaid
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
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14
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Ma Q, Wang N, Ma L, Lu J, Wang H, Wang C, Yu S, Wei H. The Cotton BEL1-Like Transcription Factor GhBLH7-D06 Negatively Regulates the Defense Response against Verticillium dahliae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7126. [PMID: 32992496 PMCID: PMC7582620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt will seriously affect cotton yield and fiber quality. BEL1-Like transcription factors are involved in the regulation of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation, especially the biosynthesis of lignin that also plays a key role in cotton disease resistance. However, there is no report on the role of BEL1-Like transcription factor in the regulation of plant biological stress. In this study, tissue expression pattern analysis showed that a BEL1-Like transcription factor GhBLH7-D06 was predominantly expressed in vascular tissues and the SCW thickening stage of fiber development, while its expression could also respond to Verticillium dahliae infection and the phytohormone MeJA treatment, which indicated that GhBLH7-D06 might be involved in the defense response of Verticillium wilt. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, we found silencing the expression of GhBLH7-D06 could enhance the resistance of cotton plants to Verticillium wilt, and the acquisition of resistance might be mainly due to the significant overexpression of genes related to lignin biosynthesis and JA signaling pathway, which also proves that GhBLH7-D06 negatively regulates the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt. Based on the results of yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) library screening and confirmation by bimolecular fluorescence complementary (BiFC) experiment, we found an Ovate Family Protein (OFP) transcription factor GhOFP3-D13 which was also a negative regulator of cotton Verticillium wilt resistance could that interacts with GhBLH7-D06. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiment indicated that GhBLH7-D06 could target binding to the promoter region of GhPAL-A06 to suppress its expression and eventually lead to the inhibition of lignin biosynthesis. In general, the GhBLH7-D06/GhOFP3-D13 complex can negatively regulate resistance to Verticillium wilt of cotton by inhibiting lignin biosynthesis and JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Nuohan Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Q.M.); (L.M.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.)
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15
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Li Y, Yu T, Wu T, Wang R, Wang H, Du H, Xu X, Xie D, Xu X. The dynamic transcriptome of pepper (Capsicum annuum) whole roots reveals an important role for the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in root resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Gene 2020; 728:144288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Guan C, Cen HF, Cui X, Tian DY, Tadesse D, Zhang YW. Proline improves switchgrass growth and development by reduced lignin biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20117. [PMID: 31882839 PMCID: PMC6934488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic switchgrass overexpressing Lolium perenne L. delta1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthase (LpP5CS) in group I (TG4 and TG6 line) and group II (TG1 and TG2 line) had significant P5CS and ProDH enzyme activities, with group I plants (TG4 and TG6) having higher P5CS and lower ProDH enzyme activity, while group II plants had higher ProDH and lower P5CS enzyme activity. We found group II transgenic plants showed stunted growth, and the changed proline content in overexpressing transgenic plants may influence the growth and development in switchgrass. RNA-seq analysis showed that KEGG enrichment included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway among group I, group II and WT plants, and the expression levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated in group II. We also found that lignin content in group II transgenic plants was higher than that in group I and WT plants, suggesting that increased lignin content may suppress switchgrass growth and development. This study uncover that proline can appropriately reduce lignin biosynthesis to improve switchgrass growth and development. Therefore, appropriate reduction in lignin content and increase in biomass are important for bioenergy crop to lower processing costs for biomass fermentation-derived fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Cen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Yang Tian
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dimiru Tadesse
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Bioscience, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Wu L, Du G, Bao R, Li Z, Gong Y, Liu F. De novo assembly and discovery of genes involved in the response of Solanum sisymbriifolium to Verticillium dahlia. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1009-1027. [PMID: 31402823 PMCID: PMC6656901 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating disease of eggplant (Solanum spp.) and causes substantial losses worldwide. Although some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between eggplant and V. dahliae have been identified in some studies, the underlying molecular mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we monitored the transcriptomic profiles of the roots of resistant S. sisymbriifolium plants challenged with V. dahliae. Based on the measurements of physiological indexes (T-SOD, POD and SSs), three time points were selected and subsequently divided into two stages (S_12 h vs. S_0 h and S_48 h vs. S_12 h). KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed several genes putatively involved in regulating plant-V. dahliae interactions, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes (MEKK1 and MAP2K1), WRKY genes (WRKY22 and WRKY33) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CYP73A/C4H, CYP98A/C3'H and CYP84A/F5H). In addition, a subset of genes that play an important role in activating V. dahliae defence responses, including Ve genes as well as genes encoding PR proteins and TFs, were screened and are discussed. These results will help to identify key resistance genes and will contribute to a further understanding of molecular mechanisms of the S. sisymbriifolium resistance response to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wu
- Plant Improvement and Utilization Lab, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan China
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Guanghui Du
- Plant Improvement and Utilization Lab, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan China
| | - Rui Bao
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Yaju Gong
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Feihu Liu
- Plant Improvement and Utilization Lab, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan China
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18
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Novelli S, Gismondi A, Di Marco G, Canuti L, Nanni V, Canini A. Plant defense factors involved in Olea europaea resistance against Xylella fastidiosa infection. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:439-455. [PMID: 30993555 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a dangerous plant disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which targets olive (Olea europaea). Since field observations suggested that some olive cultivars (i.e. Leccino) were more resistant to OQDS than others (i.e. Cellina di Nardò), the plant defense strategies adopted by olive to contrast X. fastidiosa infection were investigated. In the present study, ELISA and genetic approaches were used to confirm plant infection, while microbial colonization mechanism and distribution in host plant tissues and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined by light, scanning electron and confocal microscopy analyses. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were performed to measure secondary metabolites content and qPCR assay was carried out for monitoring plant gene expression variation. Our analysis showed that X. fastidiosa caused accumulation of ROS in Leccino samples compared to Cellina di Nardò. Moreover, the infection induced the up-regulation of defense-related genes, such as NADPH oxidase, some protein kinases, pathogen plant response factors and metabolic enzymes. We also found that Leccino plants enhanced the production of specific antioxidant and antimicrobial molecules, to fight the pathogen and avoid its spreading into xylem vessels. We provided new information on OQDS resistance mechanism applied by Leccino cultivar. In particular, we evidenced that high concentrations of ROS, switching on plant defence signalling pathways, may represent a key factor in fighting X. fastidiosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Novelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Marco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorena Canuti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Valentina Nanni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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19
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang X, Chen B, Zhao J, Cui J, Li Z, Yang J, Wu L, Wu J, Zhang G, Ma Z. The cotton laccase gene GhLAC15 enhances Verticillium wilt resistance via an increase in defence-induced lignification and lignin components in the cell walls of plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:309-322. [PMID: 30267563 PMCID: PMC6637971 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a phytopathogenic fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt diseases responsible for considerable decreases in cotton yields. The lignification of cell wall appositions is a conserved basal defence mechanism in the plant innate immune response. However, the function of laccase in defence-induced lignification has not been described. Screening of an SSH library of a resistant cotton cultivar, Jimian20, inoculated with V. dahliae revealed a laccase gene that was strongly induced by the pathogen. This gene was phylogenetically related to AtLAC15 and contained domains conserved by laccases; therefore, we named it GhLAC15. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated that GhLAC15 maintained higher expression levels in tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. Overexpression of GhLAC15 enhanced cell wall lignification, resulting in increased total lignin, G monolignol and G/S ratio, which significantly improved the Verticillium wilt resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis. In addition, the levels of arabinose and xylose were higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants, which resulted in transgenic Arabidopsis plants being less easily hydrolysed. Furthermore, suppression of the transcriptional level of GhLAC15 resulted in an increase in susceptibility in cotton. The content of monolignol and the G/S ratio were lower in silenced cotton plants, which led to resistant cotton cv. Jimian20 becoming susceptible. These results demonstrate that GhLAC15 enhances Verticillium wilt resistance via an increase in defence-induced lignification and arabinose and xylose accumulation in the cell wall of Gossypium hirsutum. This study broadens our knowledge of defence-induced lignification and cell wall modifications as defence mechanisms against V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Lizhu Wu
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Bin Chen
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Jing Zhao
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Jing Cui
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Zhikun Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Jun Yang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education MinistryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding071001China
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20
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Meng J, Gao H, Zhai W, Shi J, Zhang M, Zhang W, Jian G, Zhang M, Qi F. Subtle regulation of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt mediated by MAPKK family members. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:235-242. [PMID: 29807597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by soil-borne fungus of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is one of the most devastating diseases of cotton. Since the hierarchically organized mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays pivotal roles in signaling plant defense against pathogen attack, and the key nodes of MAPKKs (MKKs) may serve as for the convergence and divergence of signals in MAPK cascades, the possible relations between MAPK signaling and cotton Verticillium resistance were examined in this study. A total of 24 MKK genes were identified in the Gossypium hirsutum L. genome and then classified based on phylogenetic analysis. Then the regulation roles of all types of cotton MKKs in activation of cotton disease resistance were tested with the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method. The results showed that three types of MKKs (GhMKK4, GhMKK6 and GhMKK9) positively regulate, while GhMKK10 negatively regulate the cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. Further, more subtle regulation of cotton resistance mediated by MKK genes were revealed. In GhMKK9, only Gh_A12G2448 and Gh_D12G2574 displayed positive regulation of cotton resistance; whereas only Gh_A12G1883 and Gh_D12G2062 displayed negative regulation of cotton resistance in GhMKK10. All these results show that MKK members in MAPK signal cascades play dual roles in subtly regulating of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Meng
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, No.1 GongYuan Street, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, PR China
| | - Huan Gao
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Weibo Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinyan Shi
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, No.1 GongYuan Street, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, PR China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guiliang Jian
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, No.1 GongYuan Street, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, PR China.
| | - Fangjun Qi
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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21
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Asgari F, Majd A, Jonoubi P, Najafi F. Effects of silicon nanoparticles on molecular, chemical, structural and ultrastructural characteristics of oat (Avena sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:152-160. [PMID: 29587167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanoparticles are extensively being utilized in medicine, industry, and agriculture thus distributed into the environment. Hence, it is essential to examine exactly the impact of these materials on a variety of organisms, including various species of plants. Therefore, in the current study, we compared the effects of sodium silicate and nano silicon (SiNP) (both at two concentrations of 5 and 10 mM) separately on lignification of the xylem cell wall, antioxidant enzyme activities, ultrastructure of leaf and root cells, expression of silicon transporter (Lsi1) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and also evaluated the protein content and chemical content of oat plants (Avena sativa L.) cultured hydroponically. The results indicated that SiNPs didn't have a toxic effect on the oat plants, and in many cases they enhanced plant growth. The effect of SiNPs on the chemical content of the treated plants was almost identical with silicate. The silicon transporter (Lsi1) gene was expressed in plants exposed to SiNPs, however, at lower levels (∼37% in roots) than those exposed to silicate treatments. The SiNPs increased PAL expression and lignification in leaves and roots, however, at lower levels those of silicate (˃50% in fourth leaves of 10 mM concentration). They were aggregated in the roots (268-366 nm) and deposited in nano size on the cell walls of leaves. In general, their effects in the plants were identical to silicate but differed in intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faride Asgari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, South Mofatteh, P.O. Box: 15614, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, South Mofatteh, P.O. Box: 15614, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parissa Jonoubi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, South Mofatteh, P.O. Box: 15614, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Najafi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, South Mofatteh, P.O. Box: 15614, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Wang FX, Luo YM, Ye ZQ, Cao X, Liang JN, Wang Q, Wu Y, Wu JH, Wang HY, Zhang M, Cheng HQ, Xia GX. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis of autophagy-mediated immune responses against the vascular fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2018; 14:598-618. [PMID: 29369001 PMCID: PMC5959329 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1423438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the functional link between autophagy and plant innate immunity remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the autophagy-mediated plant defense responses against Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) infection by comparative proteomics and cellular analyses. An assessment of the autophagy activity and disease development showed that autophagic processes were tightly related to the tolerance of Arabidopsis plant to Verticillium wilt. An isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics analysis was performed, and we identified a total of 780 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between wild-type and mutant atg10-1 Arabidopsis plants upon V. dahliae infection, of which, 193 ATG8-family-interacting proteins were identified in silico and their associations with autophagy were verified for several selected proteins. Three important aspects of autophagy-mediated defense against V. dahliae infection were revealed: 1) autophagy is required for the activation of upstream defense responses; 2) autophagy-mediated mitochondrial degradation (mitophagy) occurs and is an important player in the defense process; and 3) autophagy promotes the transdifferentiation of perivascular cells and the formation of xylem hyperplasia, which are crucial for protection against this vascular disease. Together, our results provide several novel insights for understanding the functional association between autophagy and plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xin Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Luo
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Qin Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Nan Liang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-He Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Qing Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Xian Xia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Rong W, Yang J, Li Z, Wu L, Zhang G, Ma Z. Histochemical Analyses Reveal That Stronger Intrinsic Defenses in Gossypium barbadense Than in G. hirsutum Are Associated With Resistance to Verticillium dahliae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:984-996. [PMID: 28850286 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-17-0067-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium spp.) crop production. To enhance our understanding of the plant's complex defensive mechanism, we examined colonization patterns and interactions between V. dahliae and two cotton species, the resistant G. barbadense and the susceptible G. hirsutum. Microscopic examinations and grafting experiments showed that the progression of infection was restricted within G. barbadense. At all pre- and postinoculation sampling times, levels of salicylic acid (SA) were also higher in that species than in G. hirsutum. Comparative RNA-Seq analyses indicated that infection induced dramatic changes in the expression of thousands of genes in G. hirsutum, whereas those changes were fewer and weaker in G. barbadense. Investigations of the morphological and biochemical nature of cell-wall barriers demonstrated that depositions of lignin, phenolic compounds, and callose were significantly higher in G. barbadense. To determine the contribution of a known resistance gene to these processes, we silenced GbEDS1 and found that the transformed plants had decreased SA production, which led to the upregulation of PLASMODESMATA-LOCATED PROTEIN (PDLP) 1 and PDLP6. This was followed by a decline in callose deposition in the plasmodesmata, which then led to increased pathogen susceptibility. This comparison between resistant and susceptible species indicated that both physical and chemical mechanisms play important roles in the defenses of cotton against V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- Department of Agronomy, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
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24
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Liu K, Jian G, Qi F, Si N. Large-scale identification of Gossypium hirsutum genes associated with Verticillium dahliae by comparative transcriptomic and reverse genetics analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181609. [PMID: 28767675 PMCID: PMC5540499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease of cotton, which is caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). Although previous studies have identified some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, especially in G. hirsutum. In the present study, we obtained an overview of transcriptome characteristics of resistant upland cotton (G. hirsutum) after V. dahliae infection at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) via a high-throughput RNA-sequencing technique. A total of 4,794 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 820 up-regulated genes and 3,974 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis showed that several important processes were induced upon V. dahliae infection, such as plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid-related and ubiquitin-mediated signals. Moreover, we investigated some key regulatory gene families involved in the defense response, such as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), WRKY transcription factors and cytochrome P450 (CYPs), via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). GhSKIP35, a partner of SKP1 protein, was involved in ubiquitin-mediated signal. Over-expression of GhSKIP35 in Arabidopsis improved its tolerance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic plants. Collectively, global transcriptome analysis and functional gene characterization provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of G. hirsutum-V. dahliae interaction and offered a number of candidate genes as potential sources for breeding wilt-tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huachong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guiliang Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Si
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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25
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Novo M, Silvar C, Merino F, Martínez-Cortés T, Lu F, Ralph J, Pomar F. Deciphering the role of the phenylpropanoid metabolism in the tolerance of Capsicum annuum L. to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 258:12-20. [PMID: 28330555 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is an economically relevant soilborne pathogen that causes vascular wilt in several crops, including pepper (Capsicum annuum). Fungal infection is usually visualized as a vascular browning, likely due to the onset of phenylpropanoid metabolism, which also seems to play a crucial role in the tolerance of some pepper varieties. In the current work, the potential function of distinct phenylpropanoid derivatives (suberin, lignin and phenolic compounds) in the pepper tolerance response against V. dahliae, was investigated. Histochemical and biochemical analyses ruled out suberin as a key player in the pepper-fungus interaction. However, changes observed in lignin composition and higher deposition of bound phenolics in infected stems seemed to contribute to the reinforcement of cell walls and the impairment of V. dahliae colonization. Most importantly, this is the first time that the accumulation of the hydroxycinnamic acid amide N-feruloyltyramine was reported in pepper stems in response to a vascular fungus. Fungitoxic activity for that hydroxycinnamate-tyramine conjugate was demonstrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Novo
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Silvar
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Merino
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Teresa Martínez-Cortés
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, WI 53726 Madison, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, WI 53726 Madison, USA
| | - Federico Pomar
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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26
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Yuan Y, Feng H, Wang L, Li Z, Shi Y, Zhao L, Feng Z, Zhu H. Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Cotton Roots for Biological Control against Verticillium Wilt Disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170557. [PMID: 28107448 PMCID: PMC5249208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne disease, and severely limits the development of cotton production. To investigate the role of endophytic fungi on Verticillium wilt, CEF-818 (Penicillium simplicissimum), CEF-714 (Leptosphaeria sp.), CEF-642 (Talaromyces flavus.) and CEF-193 (Acremonium sp.) isolated from cotton roots were used to assess their effects against cotton wilt disease caused by a defoliating V. dahliae strain Vd080. In the greenhouse, all treatments significantly reduced disease incidence and disease index, with the control efficacy ranging from 26% (CEF-642) to 67% (CEF-818) at 25 days (d) after inoculation. In the disease nursery, compared to controls (with disease incidence of 33.8% and disease index of 31), CEF-818, CEF-193, CEF-714 and CEF-642 provided a protection effect of 69.5%, 69.2%, 54.6% and 45.7%, respectively. Especially, CEF-818 and CEF-714 still provided well protection against Verticillium wilt with 46.9% and 56.6% or 14.3% and 33.7% at the first peak of the disease in heavily infected field, respectively (in early July). These results indicated that these endophytes not only delayed but also reduced wilt symptoms on cotton. In the harvest, the available cotton bolls of plant treated with CEF-818 and CEF-714 increased to 13.1, and 12.2, respectively. And the seed cotton yield significantly increased after seed bacterization with CEF-818 (3442.04 kg/ha) compared to untreated control (3207.51 kg/ha) by 7.3%. Furtherly, CEF-818 and CET-714 treatment increased transcript levels for PAL, PPO, POD, which leads to the increase of cotton defense reactions. Our results indicate that seed treatment of cotton plants with CEF-818 and CET-714 can help in the biocontrol of V. dahliae and improve seed cotton yield in cotton fields. This study provided a better understanding of cotton-endophyte interactions which will aid in developing effective biocontrol agents for Verticillium wilt of cotton in futhre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - LiHong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, P. R. China
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Hao C, Xia Z, Fan R, Tan L, Hu L, Wu B, Wu H. De novo transcriptome sequencing of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and an analysis of genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in response to Phytophthora capsici. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:822. [PMID: 27769171 PMCID: PMC5075214 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piper nigrum L., or "black pepper", is an economically important spice crop in tropical regions. Black pepper production is markedly affected by foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici, and genetic improvement of black pepper is essential for combating foot rot diseases. However, little is known about the mechanism of anti- P. capsici in black pepper. The molecular mechanisms underlying foot rot susceptibility were studied by comparing transcriptome analysis between resistant (Piper flaviflorum) and susceptible (Piper nigrum cv. Reyin-1) black pepper species. RESULTS 116,432 unigenes were acquired from six libraries (three replicates of resistant and susceptible black pepper samples), which were integrated by applying BLAST similarity searches and noted by adopting Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Gene Ontology (GO) genome orthology identifiers. The reference transcriptome was mapped using two sets of digital gene expression data. Using GO enrichment analysis for the differentially expressed genes, the majority of the genes associated with the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were identified in P. flaviflorum. In addition, the expression of genes revealed that after susceptible and resistant species were inoculated with P. capsici, the majority of genes incorporated in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway were up-regulated in both species. Among various treatments and organs, all the genes were up-regulated to a relatively high degree in resistant species. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase enzyme activity increased in susceptible and resistant species after inoculation with P. capsici, and the resistant species increased faster. The resistant plants retain their vascular structure in lignin revealed by histochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide critical information regarding target genes and a technological basis for future studies of black pepper genetic improvements, including transgenic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Hao
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Rui Fan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
| | - Lehe Tan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
| | - Lisong Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
| | - Baoduo Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
| | - Huasong Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533 China
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28
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Fang W, Xie D, Zhu H, Li W, Xu Z, Yang L, Li Z, Sun L, Wang J, Nie L, Tang Z, Lv S, Zhao F, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Hou J, Yang X. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Gossypium thurberi in Response to Verticillium dahliae Inoculation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25121-40. [PMID: 26506344 PMCID: PMC4632794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is threatening cotton productivity globally. This disease is caused by soil-borne Verticillium dahliae which directly infects cotton roots, and exclusively colonizes and occludes xylem vessels, finally resulting in necrosis, defoliation, and most severely, plant death. For the first time, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) was applied to screen the differentially expressed proteins of Gossypium thurberi inoculated with V. dahliae. A total of 6533 proteins were identified from the roots of G. thurberi after inoculation with V. dahliae, and 396 showed up- and 279 down-regulated in comparison to a mock-inoculated roots. Of these identified proteins, the main functional groups were those involved in cell wall organization and reinforcement, disease-resistant chemicals of secondary metabolism, phytohormone signaling, pathogenesis-related proteins, and disease-resistant proteins. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that peroxidase activity, which promotes the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin, was induced early in the hypocotyl after inoculation with V. dahliae. Similarly, salicylic acid also accumulated significantly in hypocotyl of the seedlings after inoculation. These findings provide an important knowledge of the molecular events and regulatory networks occurring during G. thurberi-V. dahliae interaction, which may provide a foundation for breeding disease-resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Fang
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Deyi Xie
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Wu Li
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Lirong Yang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Department of Crop Biotechnology, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Lihong Nie
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Shuping Lv
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Fu'an Zhao
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yao Sun
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhao
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jianan Hou
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Jun Z, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Zhou L, Fang L, Chen X, Ning Z, Chen T, Guo W, Zhang T. Overexpression of GbRLK, a putative receptor-like kinase gene, improved cotton tolerance to Verticillium wilt. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15048. [PMID: 26446555 PMCID: PMC4597213 DOI: 10.1038/srep15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a causative fungal pathogen and only a few genes have been identified that exhibit critical roles in disease resistance and few has shown positive effects on the resistance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic cotton. We cloned a receptor-like kinase gene (GbRLK) induced by Verticillium dahliae (VD) in the disease-resistant cotton Gossypium barbadense cv. Hai7124. Northern blotting revealed that the GbRLK was induced by VD at 96 h after inoculation. The functional GbRLK is from D subgenome since a single base deletion results in a frameshift or dysfunctional homologue in the A subgenome in tetraploid cotton. To verify the function of GbRLK, we developed the overexpression transgenic GbRLK cotton and Arabidopsis lines, and found that they all showed the higher resistance to Verticillium in the greenhouse and field trial. The results of the expression profile using transgenic and non-transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the GbRLK regulated expressions of a series genes associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, we propose that the increased resistance to Verticillium dahliae infection in transgnic plants could result from reduction in the damage of water loss and regulation of defense gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lei Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Tianzi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu province, China
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Gurung S, Short DPG, Hu X, Sandoya GV, Hayes RJ, Subbarao KV. Screening of Wild and Cultivated Capsicum Germplasm Reveals New Sources of Verticillium Wilt Resistance. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:1404-1409. [PMID: 30690999 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-15-0113-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is an important soilborne disease of pepper (Capsicum species) worldwide. Most commercial pepper cultivars lack resistance to this pathogen. Our objective was to identify resistance to two V. dahliae isolates in wild and cultivated Capsicum accessions from the core collection of the National Plant Germplasm System of the USDA. Screening of 397 Capsicum accessions against two V. dahliae isolates (Vdca59 and VdCf45) was performed in a greenhouse. Seventy-eight accessions selected from this screen were further evaluated in a follow-up experiment. In total, 21 (26.9%) and 13 (16.6%) Capsicum accessions tested were resistant to Verticillium wilt when inoculated with V. dahliae isolates VdCa59 and VdCf45, respectively. Eight accessions (Grif 9073, PI 281396, PI 281397, PI 438666, PI 439292, PI 439297, PI 555616, and PI 594125) were resistant to Verticillium wilt against both V. dahliae isolates. On the basis of Germplasm Resources Information Network data, two of the Capsicum annuum accessions (Grif 9073 and PI 439297) were also resistant to Phytophthora root rot disease. These sources of multiple disease resistance will be useful to pepper breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Gurung
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905
| | - Dylan P G Short
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - German V Sandoya
- The Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905
| | | | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas 93905
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Fan G, Xu E, Deng M, Zhao Z, Niu S. Phenylpropanoid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction-related genes play crucial roles in the resistance of Paulownia fortunei to paulownia witches’ broom phytoplasma infection. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Yang J, Ji L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu L, Yang Y, Ma Z. Overexpression of 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase gene from Gossypium hirsutum enhances Arabidopsis resistance to Verticillium wilt. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1429-41. [PMID: 25929795 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Expression of DHS1 in cotton is induced upon infection by Verticillium dahliae , and overexpression of GhDHS1 endows transgenic Arabidopsis plants excellent Verticillium resistance. Verticillium wilt is caused by a soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae. Resistance in most cotton cultivars is either scarce or unavailable, making Verticillium wilt a major obstacle in cotton production. Here, we identified a 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (DHS, EC 4.1.2.15) gene from Gossypium hirsutum, named GhDHS1. Its 1620 bp open reading frame encodes a putative 59.4 kDa protein. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GhDHS1 is clustered in a clade with potato and tomato DHSs that can be induced by wounding and elicitors, respectively. Expression analysis demonstrated that GhDHS1 is constitutively expressed in cotton roots and stems, but transcripts are rare or non-existent in the leaves. Subcellular localization showed that GhDHS1 occurs in the plastids. When plants of three cultivars were inoculated with V. dahliae, DHS1 expression was more significantly up-regulated in the roots of resistant G. barbadense cv. Pima90-53 and G. hirsutum cv. Jimian20 than in the susceptible G. hirsutum cv. Han208. This suggested that DHS1 is involved in the cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. Furthermore, GhDHS1 overexpressing transgenic lines of Arabidopsis were developed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Compared with the untransformed WT (wild type), these transgenic plants showed excellent Verticillium wilt resistance with a significantly lower disease index. The overexpressing transgenic lines also had significantly longer primary roots and greatly increased xylem areas under V. dahliae infection. Overall, our results indicate that GhDHS1 performs a role in the cotton resistance to V. dahliae and would be potential to breeding cottons of Verticillium wilt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
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Ji H, Kyndt T, He W, Vanholme B, Gheysen G. β-Aminobutyric Acid-Induced Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematodes in Rice Is Based on Increased Basal Defense. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:519-33. [PMID: 25608179 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-14-0260-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The nonprotein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is known to protect plants against various pathogens. The mode of action is relatively diverse and specific in different plant-pathogen systems. To extend the analysis of the mode of action of BABA to plant-parasitic nematodes in monocot plants, we evaluated the effect of BABA against the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. BABA treatment of rice plants inhibited nematode penetration and resulted in delayed nematode and giant cell development. BABA-induced resistance (BABA-IR) was still functional in mutants or transgenics defective in salicylic acid biosynthesis and response or abscisic acid (ABA) response. Pharmacological inhibition of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis indicated that BABA-IR against rice RKN likely occurs independent of JA and ET. However, histochemical and biochemical quantification in combination with quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data suggest that BABA protects rice against RKN through the activation of basal defense mechanisms of the plant, such as reactive oxygen species accumulation, lignin formation, and callose deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Ji
- 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- 2Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingjusi road 20, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Tina Kyndt
- 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wen He
- 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- 3Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Novo-Uzal E, Gutiérrez J, Martínez-Cortés T, Pomar F. Molecular cloning of two novel peroxidases and their response to salt stress and salicylic acid in the living fossil Ginkgo biloba. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:923-36. [PMID: 25139427 PMCID: PMC4171070 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxidase isoenzymes play diverse roles in plant physiology, such as lignification and defence against pathogens. The actions and regulation of many peroxidases are not known with much accuracy. A number of studies have reported direct involvement of peroxidase isoenzymes in the oxidation of monolignols, which constitutes the last step in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. However, most of the available data concern only peroxidases and lignins from angiosperms. This study describes the molecular cloning of two novel peroxidases from the 'living fossil' Ginkgo biloba and their regulation by salt stress and salicylic acid. METHODS Suspension cell cultures were used to purify peroxidases and to obtain the cDNAs. Treatments with salicylic acid and sodium chloride were performed and peroxidase activity and gene expression were monitored. KEY RESULTS A novel peroxidase was purified, which preferentially used p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols as substrates and was able to form dehydrogenation polymers in vitro from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. Two peroxidase full-length cDNAs, GbPrx09 and GbPrx10, were cloned. Both peroxidases showed high similarity to other basic peroxidases with a putative role in cell wall lignification. Both GbPrx09 and GbPrx10 were expressed in leaves and stems of the plant. Sodium chloride enhanced the gene expression of GbPrx09 but repressed GbPrx10, whereas salicylic acid strongly repressed both GbPrx09 and GbPrx10. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data suggest the participation of GbPrx09 and GbPrx10 in the developmental lignification programme of the cell wall. Both peroxidases possess the structural characteristics necessary for sinapyl alcohol oxidation. Moreover, GbPrx09 is also involved in lignification induced by salt stress, while salicylic acid-mediated lignification is not a result of GbPrx09 and GbPrx10 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Novo-Uzal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Teresa Martínez-Cortés
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Federico Pomar
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Asnin L, Park SW. Isolation and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds inCapsicumPeppers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:254-89. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.652316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Zhao Q, Dixon RA. Altering the cell wall and its impact on plant disease: from forage to bioenergy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 52:69-91. [PMID: 24821183 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The individual sugars found within the major classes of plant cell wall polymers are dietary components of herbivores and are targeted for release in industrial processes for fermentation to liquid biofuels. With a growing understanding of the biosynthesis of the complex cell wall polymers, genetic modification strategies are being developed to target the cell wall to improve the digestibility of forage crops and to render lignocellulose less recalcitrant for bioprocessing. This raises concerns as to whether altering cell wall properties to improve biomass processing traits may inadvertently make plants more susceptible to diseases and pests. Here, we review the impacts of cell wall modification on plant defense, as assessed from studies in model plants utilizing mutants or transgenic modification and in crop plants specifically engineered for improved biomass or bioenergy traits. Such studies reveal that cell wall modifications can indeed have unintended impacts on plant defense, but these are not always negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhao
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401;
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37
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Sun Q, Jiang H, Zhu X, Wang W, He X, Shi Y, Yuan Y, Du X, Cai Y. Analysis of sea-island cotton and upland cotton in response to Verticillium dahliae infection by RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:852. [PMID: 24314117 PMCID: PMC3878982 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton Verticillium wilt is a serious soil-borne vascular disease that causes great economic loss each year. However, due to the lack of resistant varieties of upland cotton, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to this disease, especially to the pathogen Verticillium dahliae, remain unclear. RESULTS We used the RNA-seq method to research the molecular mechanisms of cotton defence responses to different races of Verticillium dahliae by comparing infected sea-island cotton and upland cotton. A total of 77,212 unigenes were obtained, and the unigenes were subjected to BLAST searching and annotated using the GO and KO databases. Six sets of digital gene expression data were mapped to the reference transcriptome. The gene expression profiles of cotton infected with Verticillium dahliae were compared to those of uninfected cotton; 44 differentially expressed genes were identified. Regarding genes involved in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway, the hydroxycinnamoyl transferase gene (HCT) was upregulated in upland cotton whereas PAL, 4CL, CAD, CCoAOMT, and COMT were upregulated in sea-island cotton. Almost no differentially expressed genes in this pathway were identified in sea-island cotton and upland cotton when they were infected with V. dahliae V991 and V. dahliae D07038, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive gene expression data at the transcription level will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the cotton defence response to V. dahliae. By identifying the genes involved in the defence response of each type of cotton to V. dahliae, our data not only provide novel molecular information for researchers, but also help accelerate research on genes involved in defences in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Huaizhong Jiang
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Weina Wang
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yingfan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
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Li X, Chen W, Zhao Y, Xiang Y, Jiang H, Zhu S, Cheng B. Downregulation of caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) by RNA interference leads to reduced lignin production in maize straw. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:540-6. [PMID: 24385858 PMCID: PMC3873186 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a major cell wall component of vascular plants that provides mechanical strength and hydrophobicity to vascular vessels. However, the presence of lignin limits the effective use of crop straw in many agroindustrial processes. Here, we generated transgenic maize plants in which the expression of a lignin biosynthetic gene encoding CCoAOMT, a key enzyme involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi of CCoAOMT led to significantly downregulated expression of this gene in transgenic maize compared with WT plants. These transgenic plants exhibited a 22.4% decrease in Klason lignin content and a 23.3% increase in cellulose content compared with WT plants, which may reflect compensatory regulation of lignin and cellulose deposition. We also measured the lignin monomer composition of the RNAi plants by GC-MS and determined that transgenic plants had a 57.08% higher S/G ratio than WT plants. In addition, histological staining of lignin with Wiesner reagent produced slightly more coloration in the xylem and sclerenchyma than WT plants. These results provide a foundation for breeding maize with low-lignin content and reveal novel insights about lignin regulation via genetic manipulation of CCoAOMT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
| | - Suwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei,
China
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Frei M. Lignin: characterization of a multifaceted crop component. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:436517. [PMID: 24348159 PMCID: PMC3848262 DOI: 10.1155/2013/436517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a plant component with important implications for various agricultural disciplines. It confers rigidity to cell walls, and is therefore associated with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and the mechanical stability of plants. In animal nutrition, lignin is considered an antinutritive component of forages as it cannot be readily fermented by rumen microbes. In terms of energy yield from biomass, the role of lignin depends on the conversion process. It contains more gross energy than other cell wall components and therefore confers enhanced heat value in thermochemical processes such as direct combustion. Conversely, it negatively affects biological energy conversion processes such as bioethanol or biogas production, as it inhibits microbial fermentation of the cell wall. Lignin from crop residues plays an important role in the soil organic carbon cycling, as it constitutes a recalcitrant carbon pool affecting nutrient mineralization and carbon sequestration. Due to the significance of lignin in several agricultural disciplines, the modification of lignin content and composition by breeding is becoming increasingly important. Both mapping of quantitative trait loci and transgenic approaches have been adopted to modify lignin in crops. However, breeding goals must be defined considering the conflicting role of lignin in different agricultural disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frei
- Division of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Veloso J, Díaz J. Induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Capsicum annuum by a Fusarium crude elicitor fraction, free of proteins. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:1040-1044. [PMID: 24112636 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induces resistance in pepper against the airborne pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. However, its practical use is limited due to its pathogenicity to other crops. In this study we tested several fractions of a heat-sterilised crude FOL-elicitor preparation to protect pepper against B. cinerea and V. dahliae. Only the protein-free insoluble fraction of the preparation reduced B. cinerea infection. However, none of the fractions reduce V. dahliae symptoms. The insoluble protein-free fraction induced expression of defence genes in the plant, namely a chitinase (CACHI2), a peroxidase (CAPO1), a sesquiterpene cyclase (CASC1) and a basic PR1 (CABPR1). Even though the CASC1 gene was not induced directly after treatment with the insoluble fraction in the leaves, it was induced after B. cinerea inoculation, showing a priming effect. The insoluble protein-free FOL-elicitor protected pepper against the airborne pathogen through a mechanism that involves induced responses in the plant, but different to the living FOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Veloso
- Depto. de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, Spain
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Zhang Y, Wang XF, Ding ZG, Ma Q, Zhang GR, Zhang SL, Li ZK, Wu LQ, Zhang GY, Ma ZY. Transcriptome profiling of Gossypium barbadense inoculated with Verticillium dahliae provides a resource for cotton improvement. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:637. [PMID: 24053558 PMCID: PMC3849602 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is the most severe disease in cotton (Gossypium spp.), causing great lint losses worldwide. Disease management could be achieved in the field if genetically improved, resistant plants were used. However, the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton is a complicated process, and its molecular mechanism remains obscure. To understand better the defense response to this pathogen as a means for obtaining more tolerant cultivars, we monitored the transcriptome profiles of roots from resistant plants of G. barbadense cv. Pima90-53 that were challenged with V. dahliae. RESULTS In all, 46,192 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from a full-length cDNA library of G. barbadense. They were clustered and assembled into 23126 unigenes that comprised 2661 contigs and 20465 singletons. Those unigenes were assigned Gene Ontology terms and mapped to 289 KEGG pathways. A total of 3027 unigenes were found to be homologous to known defense-related genes in other plants. They were assigned to the functional classification of plant-pathogen interactions, including disease defenses and signal transduction. The branch of "SA→NPR1→TGA→PR-1→Disease resistance" was first discovered in the interaction of cotton-V. dahliae, indicating that this wilt process includes both biotrophic and necrotrophic stages. In all, 4936 genes coding for putative transcription factors (TF) were identified in our library. The most abundant TF family was the NAC group (527), followed by G2-like (440), MYB (372), BHLH (331), bZIP (271) ERF, C3H, and WRKY. We also analyzed the expression of genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition, the activation of effector-triggered immunity, TFs, and hormone biosynthesis, as well as genes that are pathogenesis-related, or have roles in signaling/regulatory functions and cell wall modification. Their differential expression patterns were compared among mock-/inoculated- and resistant/susceptible cotton. Our results suggest that the cotton defense response has significant transcriptional complexity and that large accumulations of defense-related transcripts may contribute to V. dahliae resistance in cotton. Therefore, these data provide a resource for cotton improvement through molecular breeding approaches. CONCLUSIONS This study generated a substantial amount of cotton transcript sequences that are related to defense responses against V. dahliae. These genomics resources and knowledge of important related genes contribute to our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and the defense mechanisms utilized by G. barbadense, a non-model plant system. These tools can be applied in establishing a modern breeding program that uses marker-assisted selections and oligonucleotide arrays to identify candidate genes that can be linked to valuable agronomic traits in cotton, including disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Fen Wang
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Guo Ding
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui Rong Zhang
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Ling Zhang
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Kun Li
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Qiang Wu
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui Yin Zhang
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Ying Ma
- Department of Agriculture, North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang S, Xiao Y, Zhao J, Wang F, Zheng Y. Digital gene expression analysis of early root infection resistance to Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae in maize. Mol Genet Genomics 2012. [PMID: 23196693 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The maize smut fungus, Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae, which is an important biotrophic pathogen responsible for extensive crop losses, can infect maize by invading the root during the early seedling stage. In order to investigate disease-resistance mechanisms at this early seedling stage, digital gene expression analysis, which applies a dual-enzyme approach, was used to identify the transcriptional changes in the roots of Huangzao4 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant) after root inoculation with S. reilianum. During the infection in the roots, the expression pattern of pathogenesis-related genes in Huangzao4 and Mo17 were significantly differentially regulated at different infection stages. The glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species levels also showed changes before and after inoculation. The total lignin contents and the pattern of lignin depositions in the roots differed during root colonization of Huangzao4 and Mo17. These results suggest that the interplay between S. reilianum and maize during the early infection stage involves many important transcriptional and physiological changes, which offer several novel insights to understanding the mechanisms of resistance to the infection of biotrophic fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Eynck C, Séguin-Swartz G, Clarke WE, Parkin IAP. Monolignol biosynthesis is associated with resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Camelina sativa. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:887-99. [PMID: 22487550 PMCID: PMC6638904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen with an extremely broad host range. It causes stem rot in Camelina sativa, a crucifer with great potential as an alternative oilseed crop. Lignification is a common phenomenon in the expression of resistance against necrotrophs, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this defence response are poorly understood. We present histochemical, gene expression and biochemical data investigating the role of monolignols in the resistance of C. sativa to S. sclerotiorum. Comparative studies with resistant and susceptible lines of C. sativa revealed substantial differences in constitutive transcript levels and gene regulation patterns for members of the gene family encoding cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), the first enzyme specifically committed to the synthesis of lignin monomers. These differences were associated with anatomical and metabolic factors. While the induction of CsCCR2 expression after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum was associated with the deposition of lignin mainly derived from guaiacyl monomers, high constitutive levels of CsCCR4 paralleled a high syringyl lignin content in healthy stems of resistant plants. The results provide evidence that plant cell wall strengthening plays a role in the resistance of C. sativa to S. sclerotiorum, and that both constitutive and inducible defence mechanisms contribute to reduced symptom development in resistant germplasm. This study provides the first characterization of quantitative resistance in C. sativa to S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eynck
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2.
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Kaur H, Shaker K, Heinzel N, Ralph J, Gális I, Baldwin IT. Environmental stresses of field growth allow cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient Nicotiana attenuata plants to compensate for their structural deficiencies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1545-70. [PMID: 22645069 PMCID: PMC3425196 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.196717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The organized lignocellulosic assemblies of cell walls provide the structural integrity required for the large statures of terrestrial plants. Silencing two CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD) genes in Nicotiana attenuata produced plants (ir-CAD) with thin, red-pigmented stems, low CAD and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, low lignin contents, and rubbery, structurally unstable stems when grown in the glasshouse (GH). However, when planted into their native desert habitat, ir-CAD plants produced robust stems that survived wind storms as well as the wild-type plants. Despite efficient silencing of NaCAD transcripts and enzymatic activity, field-grown ir-CAD plants had delayed and restricted spread of red stem pigmentation, a color change reflecting blocked lignification by CAD silencing, and attained wild-type-comparable total lignin contents. The rubbery GH phenotype was largely restored when field-grown ir-CAD plants were protected from wind, herbivore attack, and ultraviolet B exposure and grown in restricted rooting volumes; conversely, it was lost when ir-CAD plants were experimentally exposed to wind, ultraviolet B, and grown in large pots in growth chambers. Transcript and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight analysis revealed that these environmental stresses enhanced the accumulation of various phenylpropanoids in stems of field-grown plants; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the lignin of field-grown ir-CAD plants had GH-grown comparable levels of sinapaldehyde and syringaldehyde cross-linked into their lignins. Additionally, field-grown ir-CAD plants had short, thick stems with normal xylem element traits, which collectively enabled field-grown ir-CAD plants to compensate for the structural deficiencies associated with CAD silencing. Environmental stresses play an essential role in regulating lignin biosynthesis in lignin-deficient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Ralph
- Department of Molecular Ecology (H.K., N.H., I.G., I.T.B.) and Department of Biosynthesis/Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (J.R.); and Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710–0046, Japan (I.G.)
| | - Ivan Gális
- Department of Molecular Ecology (H.K., N.H., I.G., I.T.B.) and Department of Biosynthesis/Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (J.R.); and Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710–0046, Japan (I.G.)
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology (H.K., N.H., I.G., I.T.B.) and Department of Biosynthesis/Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (K.S.), Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (J.R.); and Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710–0046, Japan (I.G.)
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Shi H, Liu Z, Zhu L, Zhang C, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Li F, Li X. Overexpression of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) dirigent1 gene enhances lignification that blocks the spread of Verticillium dahliae. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:555-64. [PMID: 22595512 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirigent super-family abounds throughout the plant kingdom, especially vascular plants. To elucidate the function of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) DIR genes in lignification, two cDNAs (designated GhDIR1 and GhDIR2) encoding putative dirigent proteins were isolated from cotton cDNA libraries. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that GhDIR1 transcript was preferentially accumulated in cotton hypocotyls, whereas GhDIR2 was predominantly expressed in cotton fibers. Overexpression of GhDIR1 gene resulted in an increase in lignin content in transgenic cotton plants, compared with that of wild type. Histochemical assay revealed that the transgenic plants displayed more widespread lignification than that of wild type in epidermis and vascular bundle. Furthermore, the transgenic cotton plants displayed more tolerance to the infection of Verticillium dahliae. Our data suggest that GhDIR1 may be involved in cotton lignification which can block the spread of fungal pathogen V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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46
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Dihazi A, Jaiti F, Kilani-Feki O, Jaoua S, Driouich A, Baaziz M, Daayf F, Serghini MA. Use of two bacteria for biological control of bayoud disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 55:7-15. [PMID: 22480991 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Bayoud, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the most destructive disease of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) in Morocco and Algeria, with no effective control strategy yet available. In this work, two bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Ag1 (Ag) and Burkholderia cepacia strain Cs5 (Cs), were examined for their potential to control this disease. Both bacterial strains inhibited both growth and sporulation of Foa. They released compounds into the culture medium, which resulted into cytological changes in Foa's mycelial structure. When Jihel-date palm plantlets, a susceptible cultivar, were induced with these bacteria, the size of the necrosis zone, which reflected the spreading of the pathogen, was reduced by more than 70%, as compared with uninduced controls. To further investigate the mechanisms of such disease reduction, phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity were assessed. One month after inoculation, date palm defense reactions against Foa were different depending on the bacterium used, B. cepacia led to higher accumulation of constitutive caffeoylshikimic acid isomers while B. amyloliquefaciens triggered the induction of new phenolic compounds identified as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Peroxidase activity has also been stimulated significantly and varied with the bacterial strain used and with Foa inoculation. These results add to the promising field of investigation in controlling Bayoud disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhi Dihazi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Biochimies, Valorisation et Protection des Plantes, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
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47
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Floerl S, Majcherczyk A, Possienke M, Feussner K, Tappe H, Gatz C, Feussner I, Kües U, Polle A. Verticillium longisporum infection affects the leaf apoplastic proteome, metabolome, and cell wall properties in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31435. [PMID: 22363647 PMCID: PMC3282744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium longisporum (VL) is one of the most devastating diseases in important oil crops from the family of Brassicaceae. The fungus resides for much time of its life cycle in the extracellular fluid of the vascular system, where it cannot be controlled by conventional fungicides. To obtain insights into the biology of VL-plant interaction in the apoplast, the secretome consisting of the extracellular proteome and metabolome as well as cell wall properties were studied in the model Brassicaceae, Arabidopsis thaliana. VL infection resulted in increased production of cell wall material with an altered composition of carbohydrate polymers and increased lignification. The abundance of several hundred soluble metabolites changed in the apoplast of VL-infected plants including signalling and defence compounds such as glycosides of salicylic acid, lignans and dihydroxybenzoic acid as well as oxylipins. The extracellular proteome of healthy leaves was enriched in antifungal proteins. VL caused specific increases in six apoplast proteins (three peroxidases PRX52, PRX34, P37, serine carboxypeptidase SCPL20, α-galactosidase AGAL2 and a germin-like protein GLP3), which have functions in defence and cell wall modification. The abundance of a lectin-like, chitin-inducible protein (CILLP) was reduced. Since the transcript levels of most of the induced proteins were not elevated until late infection time points (>20 dpi), whereas those of CILLP and GLP3 were reduced at earlier time points, our results may suggest that VL enhances its virulence by rapid down-regulation and delay of induction of plant defence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Floerl
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Department of Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mareike Possienke
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hella Tappe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Plants, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Plants, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kües
- Department of Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Xu L, Zhu L, Tu L, Liu L, Yuan D, Jin L, Long L, Zhang X. Lignin metabolism has a central role in the resistance of cotton to the wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae as revealed by RNA-Seq-dependent transcriptional analysis and histochemistry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5607-21. [PMID: 21862479 PMCID: PMC3223054 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The incompatible pathosystem between resistant cotton (Gossypium barbadense cv. 7124) and Verticillium dahliae strain V991 was used to study the cotton transcriptome changes after pathogen inoculation by RNA-Seq. Of 32,774 genes detected by mapping the tags to assembly cotton contigs, 3442 defence-responsive genes were identified. Gene cluster analyses and functional assignments of differentially expressed genes indicated a significant transcriptional complexity. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed on selected genes with different expression levels and functional assignments to demonstrate the utility of RNA-Seq for gene expression profiles during the cotton defence response. Detailed elucidation of responses of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs), phytohormone signalling-related genes, and transcription factors described the interplay of signals that allowed the plant to fine-tune defence responses. On the basis of global gene regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism-related genes, phenylpropanoid metabolism was deduced to be involved in the cotton defence response. A closer look at the expression of these genes, enzyme activity, and lignin levels revealed differences between resistant and susceptible cotton plants. Both types of plants showed an increased level of expression of lignin synthesis-related genes and increased phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity after inoculation with V. dahliae, but the increase was greater and faster in the resistant line. Histochemical analysis of lignin revealed that the resistant cotton not only retains its vascular structure, but also accumulates high levels of lignin. Furthermore, quantitative analysis demonstrated increased lignification and cross-linking of lignin in resistant cotton stems. Overall, a critical role for lignin was believed to contribute to the resistance of cotton to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Njoroge SMC, Vallad GE, Park SY, Kang S, Koike ST, Bolda M, Burman P, Polonik W, Subbarao KV. Phenological and phytochemical changes correlate with differential interactions of Verticillium dahliae with broccoli and cauliflower. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:523-34. [PMID: 21219133 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-10-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis subvar. cauliflora) is susceptible to wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae but broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica subvar. cyamosa) is not. Infection of broccoli and cauliflower by a green fluorescent protein-expressing isolate of V. dahliae was examined using epifluorescence and confocal laser-scanning microscopy to follow infection and colonization in relation to plant phenology. Plant glucosinolate, phenolic, and lignin contents were also assayed at 0, 4, 14, and 28 days postinoculation. V. dahliae consistently infected and colonized the vascular tissues of all cauliflower plants regardless of age at inoculation, with the pathogen ultimately appearing in the developing seed; however, colonization decreased with plant age. In broccoli, V. dahliae infected and colonized root and stem xylem tissues of plants inoculated at 1, 2, or 3 weeks postemergence. However, V. dahliae colonized only the root xylem and the epidermal and cortical tissues of broccoli plants inoculated at 4, 5, and 6 weeks postemergence. The frequency of reisolation of V. dahliae from the stems (4 to 22%) and roots (10 to 40%) of mature broccoli plants was lower than for cauliflower stems (25 to 64%) and roots (31 to 71%). The mean level of aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli roots was 6.18 times higher than in the shoots and did not vary with age, whereas it was 3.65 times higher in cauliflower shoots than in the roots and there was a proportional increase with age. Indole glucosinolate content was identical in both cauliflower and broccoli, and both indole and aromatic glucosinolates did not vary with plant age in either crop. Qualitative differences in characterized glucosinolates were observed between broccoli and cauliflower but no differences were observed between inoculated and noninoculated plants for either broccoli or cauliflower. However, the phenolic and lignin contents were significantly higher in broccoli following inoculation than in noninoculated broccoli or inoculated cauliflower plants. The increased resistance of broccoli to V. dahliae infection was related to the increase in phenolic and lignin contents. Significant differential accumulation of glucosinolates associated with plant phenology may also contribute to the resistant and susceptible reactions of broccoli and cauliflower, respectively, against V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M C Njoroge
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Novo-Uzal E, Taboada A, Rivera A, Flores G, Barceló AR, Masa A, Pomar F. Relationship between hydroxycinnamic acid content, lignin composition and digestibility of maize silages in sheep. Arch Anim Nutr 2011; 65:108-22. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2010.511520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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